基于互联网的连锁企业的物流管理系统外文翻译

基于互联网的连锁企业的物流管理系统外文翻译 《专业英语》课程 论文 政研论文下载论文大学下载论文大学下载关于长拳的论文浙大论文封面下载 ,工业工程09级, 姓名:许小会 学号:310902020205 教师:李发权 2012年 11 月23 日 An internet-based logistics management system for enterprise chains Abstract This paper presents an Internet-Based Logistics Management System to coordinate and disseminate tasks and related information for solving the heterogeneous vehicle routing problem using appropriate heuristic techniques, for use in enterprise chain net works. Its architecture involves a JAVA Web applet equipped with interactive communication capabilities between peripheral software tools. The system was developed in distributed software fashion technology for all computer platforms utilizing a Web browser, focusing on the detailed road network of Athens and the needs of the Athens Central Food Market enterprises. Keywords: Decision support system; e-Logistics; Transportation; Vehicle routing problem 1. Introduction Enterprise chains are the business model of the present and future regarding markets that involve small and medium company sizes. Clearly, grouping activities towards a focused target facilitates an understandably improved market penetration guaranteed by a successful trade mark of a leading company in the field. Several collaboration models that basically include franchising are introduced as a part of this integrated process. When such a network is introduced in order to exploit a commercial idea or business initiative and subsequently expanded as market penetration grows, several management issues arise regarding the operations of the entire network. Such a network is the ideal place for organizing and evaluating in a more centralized way several ordinary operations regarding supply chain and logistics In fact, tools developed for organizing management processes and operational needs of each individual company, can be developed in a more centralized fashion and the services provided by the tool can be offered to each network member to facilitate transactions and tackle operations similarly. Web-based applications are an ideal starting place for developing such applications. Typically such systems serve as a central depot for distributing common services in the field of logistics. The commercial application is stored in a central server and services are provided for each member of the group. A prototype of such a server is described in previous work . This paper presents the completed internet system that is installed in the central web server of the Athens Central Food Market that deals with the integrated problem of distribution for 690 companies that comprise a unique logistics and retail chain of enterprises. The needs of each company are underlined and the algorithms developed are described within the unified internet environment. The problem solved and services provided for each company is the one involving distribution of goods through a heterogeneous fleet of trucks. New insights of the heuristics employed are provided. A characteristic case study is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach for a real-world problem of distribution through the detailed road network of Athens. 2. Distribution through heterogeneous vehicle fleets The fleet management problem presented in this paper requires the use of a heterogeneous fleet of vehicles that distribute goods through a network of clients. Therefore, the system was designed in order to automatically generate vehicle routes (which vehicles should de-liver to which customers and in which order), using rational, quantitative, spatial and non-spatial information and minimizing simultaneously the vehicle cost and the total distance travelled by the vehicles, subject to the following constraints: , each vehicle has a predetermined load capacity, typically different from all other vehicles comprising the fleet (heterogeneous nature), , the capacity of a vehicle cannot be exceeded, , a single vehicle supplies each customers demand, , the number of vehicles used is predetermined 2.1. Neighbor The neighbor is defined as a blend of the most favorable local search moves that transforms one solution to another. In particular, in its taboo search iteration the type of move adopted is decided stochastically. A predefined probability level is assigned to each move type. After that, it is decided whether the move operation is performed within a single route or between different routes, once more stochastically. This time, for both operations, the probability level is assigned a value of 50%. Subsequently, the best neighbor that the selected move implies is computed. The move types employed are the 2-Opt move (Bell et al., 1983), the 1–1 Exchange move, the1–0 Exchange, on both single route and different routes. 2.2. Short-term memory Short-term memory, known as taboo list, is the most often used component of taboo search. Taboo list is imposed to restrict the search from revisiting solutions that were considered previously and to discourage the search process from cycling between subsets of solutions. For achieving this goal, attributes of moves, more precisely the reversals of the original ones, are stored in a taboo list. The reversal moves that contain attributes stored in taboo list are designated taboo and they are excluded from the search process. Regarding the taboo search variant implemented, these attributes are the nodes involved in the move (all the moves used in this method can be characterized by indicating only two nodes) and the corresponding routes where these nodes belong to. The number that arcs’ mobility is restricted is known as taboo list size or taboo tenure. The management of the taboo list is achieved by removing the move which has been on the taboo list longest. 2.3. Aspiration criterion The aspiration criterion is a strategy for overriding the short-term memory functions. The taboo search method implemented, uses the standard aspiration criterion: if a move gives a higher quality solution than the best found so far, then the move is selected regardless its taboo status. Taboo Search algorithm terminates when the number of iterations conducted is larger than the maximum number of iterations allowed. 3. Developing the internet-based application tool Web services offer new opportunities in business landscape, facilitating a global marketplace where business rapidly create innovative products and serve customers better. Whatever that business needs is, Web services have the flexibility to meet the demand and allow to accelerate outsourcing. In turn, the developer can focus on building core competencies to create customer and shareholder value. Application development is also more efficient because existing Web services, regardless of where they were developed, can easily be reused. Many of the technology requirements for Web services exist today, such as open standards for business to-business applications, mission-critical transaction platforms and secure integration and messaging products. However, to enable robust and dynamic integration of applications, the industry standards and tools that extend the capabilities of to days business-to-business interoperability are required. The key to taking full advantage of Web services is to understand what Web services are and how the market is likely to evolve. One needs to be able to invest in platforms and applications today that will enable the developer to quickly and effectively realize these benefits as well as to be able to meet the specific needs and increase business productivity. Typically, there are two basic technologies to be implemented when dealing with internet-based applications; namely server-based and client-based. Both technologies have their strong points regarding development of the code and the facilities they provide. Server-based applications involve the development of dynamically created web pages. These pages are transmitted to the web browser of the client and contain code in the form of HTML and JAVASCRIPT language. The HTML part is the static part of the page that contains forms and controls for user needs and the JAVASCRIPT part is the dynamic part of the page. Typically, the structure of the code can be completely changed through the intervention of web server mechanisms added on the transmission part and implemented by server-based languages such as ASP, JSP, PHP, etc. This comes to the development of an integrated dynamic page application where user desire regarding problem peculiarities (calculating shortest paths, execute routing algorithms, transact with the database, etc.) is implemented by appropriately invoking different parts of the dynamic content of such pages. In server-based applications all calculations are executed on the server. In client-based applications, JAVA applets prevail. Communication of the user is guaranteed by the well-known JAVA mechanism that acts as the medium between the user and code. Everything is executed on the client side. Data in this case have to be retrieved, once and this might be the time-consuming part of the transaction. In server-based applications, server resources are used for all calculations and this requires powerful server facilities with respect to hardware and software. Client-based applications are burdened with data transmission (chiefly related to road network data). There is a remedy to that; namely caching. Once loaded, they are left in the cache archives of the web browser to be instantly recalled when needed. In our case, a client-based application was developed. The main reason was the demand from the point of view for personal data discretion regarding their clients. In fact, this information was kept secret in our system even from the server side involved. Data management plays major role in the good function of our system. This role becomes more substantial when the distribution takes place within a large and detailed road network like this of a major complex city. More specifically, in order to produce the proposed the routing plan, the system uses information about: , the locations of the depot and the customers within the road network of the city (their co-ordinates attached in the map of the city), , the demand of the customers serviced, , the capacity of the vehicles used, , the spatial characteristics of road segments of the net work examined, , the topography of the road network, , the speed of the vehicle, considering the spatial characteristics of the road and the area within of which is moved, , the synthesis of the company fleet of vehicles. 4. Case study The system developed was used in the Central Food Market of Athens, Greece. The specific Market involves 2 area of 320,000m in the south-west region of Athens greater area at the boundary of port of Greece. This Market is basically a hybrid of two submarkets; the first one involves fresh vegetables and fruits and the second one fresh meat. A Central Food Market is an organization that involves numerous small enterprises that sell and distribute fresh food products, chiefly fresh vegetables, fruits fish and meat. It is considered to be the place where supply and demand together and where prices determined in conditions of transparency and open exchange. Every day, the market is visited by thousands of operators and traders who consider it the best place in which to carry out their transactions. The market is used by companies specializing in the food sector, traditional retailers, the city markets, supermarkets, hypermarkets, hotel and catering establishments. The fresh vegetables and fruits market involves 690 small and medium enterprises that cover an area of 27,100m, while the Meat market involves 105 small 2 and medium enterprises that cover an area of 6050m. As a complementary area to the Markets, Athens Central Food Market has a Services and Warehouses Area, to serve the growing economic activity generated by the Food Unit. Cash& Carry, purchase centers, distribution and logistics, storage, handling and packaging, cold stores available for rent, motor vehicle services .In short, all the services operators required. The market need for effective logistics requires specialization and investment, in order to be competitive and provide the growing level of service demanded. Every day, this market complex offers a selection of fruits and vegetables, both in the range of products and varieties and in the sheer volume on offer, which makes it the largest fruit and vegetable market in Greece and one of the largest in Europe. Athens Central Market responds to the challenge of effectively and reliably serving the most important food sector in Greece, offering a wide variety of vegetables, fruits, eats, meat products in unrivalled conditions of mhygiene and safety. The Meat Market is concerned not only with distribution but also with production. Many farmers participate directly in the Athens Central Market, as it actively promotes products with denomination of origin and quality certificates. Athens Central Market installations involve roughly 500 parking places. The application can be found at the internet address , through secure cookie entrance. The system was appropriately coded in the form of a java applet encapsulated in a Web page accessible by the users through the Web Server of the organization. There were several restrictions that were taken into consideration as user requirements. The application had to be compact, user-friendly, the data entered that would concern a specific enterprise could not be transparent to others, including the organization and full reports ready to use by truck drivers had to be generated. 基于互联网的连锁企业的物流管理系统 摘要 本文介绍了一种基于Internet的物流管理系统，以协调和传播解决异构车辆路径问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 采用适当的启发式技术，任务和相关信息，为企业的连锁网络作品使用。其体系结构包括一个JAVA的Web小程序与外设之间的互动沟通的软件工具的功能配备。该系统的开发方式，在分布式软件技术的所有电脑使用一个Web Browser平台，在雅典的详细道路网络为重点和雅典中央食品市场企业的需要。 关键词:决策支持系统，电子物流，运输，车辆路径问题 前言 企业连锁经营模式是对当前及未来的市场，包括中小型公司规模。显然，使集团的重点目标是可以理解的活动有利于提高市场占有率由一家公司成功的商标保证在外地。几个合作模式，基本上包括引入特许经营作为这一进程的一部分。当这种网络的引入，以利用商业理念或企业的倡议，并随后扩大市场渗透率的增长，若干管理问题方面出现的整个网络的运作。这种网络是组织和较集中的方式对一些普通业务供应链和物流从评估的理想场所，工具，组织管理流程及个别公司的业务需要开发的，可以更集中的方式发展和该工具提供的服务可以提供给每个网络成员促进交易和处理业务类似。基于Web的应用是一个理想的起点为开发此类应用的地方。通常这些系统作为分配在物流领域的共同服务的中心仓库。商业应用存储在中央服务器和服务的每个组的成员提供。一个这样的服务器原型描述了以前的工作。本文介绍了完成跨网系统，在雅典中央副食品批发市场中央Web服务器上安装的处理分配690公司，包括一个独特的物流和零售连锁企业的整合问题。每家公司的需要是强调和算法开发的范围内统一的网络环境描述。解决问题和服务的每一个公司提供的是一个涉及通过混合车队的卡车货物分配。严谨启发式解法为就业提供新的见解。阿特征的案例研究，提出说明，通过详细的道路网络雅典的一个现实世界的分布问题提出方法的有效性。 1、 通过异构车队分布 该舰队管理问题本文提出需要的车辆混合车队使用的方式来分配网络的客户货物。因此，该系统是为了 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 ，自动生成车辆路线(即车辆应提供哪些客户的顺序)，使用合理，数 量，空间和非空间信息和车辆，同时尽量减少成本和总距离行驶的车辆，须符合下列限制: 每辆车有一个预先确定的负载能力，通常是由组成的船队(异质性)的所有其他车辆不同， 车辆的能力，不能超越， 一个单一的汽车用品每个客户的需求， 所用车辆的数目，预先确定的。 2.1邻里 附近的定义是最有利的本地搜索动作，变换另一种解决办法融合。特别是，通过在其禁忌搜索迭代的移动类型随机决定。预定义的概率水平，分配给每个移动类型。在此之后，决定是否执行移动操作是在一个单一的路线或不同的路线，再次随机。这一次，这两个行动的概率水平分配50,的价值。随后，最好的邻居说，此举意味着选择计算。此举类型就业是2选项移动，交易所将在1-1(埃文斯与努尔贝克，1985)，当前第1页- 0 移动交换，单路和不同路线。 2.2短期记忆 短期记忆，因为禁忌名单称为，是禁忌搜索最常用的组成部分。禁忌名单去限制从重新被认为以前并劝阻，从解决 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 的子集之间的循环搜索过程的解决办法。为实现这一目标，属性的动作，更准确地原有的逆转，被存储在一个禁忌名单。逆转动作，包含属性禁忌列表存储在指定禁忌，他们在搜索过程之外。关于禁忌搜索变种实施，这些属性是在移动过程中的节点(所有的动作中使用的这种方法可以通过指出只有两个节点的特点)和在这些节点属于相应的路线。这个数字是;灵活限制被称为禁忌列表的大小或禁忌的任期。禁忌的列表管理是通过消除已禁忌名单上最长的已移动。 2.3 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 意愿 标准的愿望是压倒一切的短期记忆功能的策略。禁忌搜索方法的实施，使用标准的期望标准:如果此举给出了更高质量的最佳解决方案，比迄今为止发现的话，将被选中，不论其禁忌的地位。禁忌搜索算法终止时的迭代次数进行比允许的最大数量较大的迭代。 3、发展基于互联网的应用工具 Web服务提供的商业景观的新机会，促进全球市场在业务快速推出创新的产品和客户提供更好的服务。无论是企业需要的是，Web服务可以灵活地满足需求，并允许加速外包。 反过来，开发人员可以专注于构建核心竞争力，创造客户和股东价值。应用程序开发，也更有效，因为现有的Web服务，无论他们在那里开发的，可以很容易地重用。 对网络服务的技术要求，很多今天存在的，如营业标准，业务应用，关键任务交易平台和安全的一体化和信息产品。不过，为使强大和动态系统的综合应用，行业标准和工具，扩大天的业务能力，对企业的互操作性是必需的。在采取了充分利用网络服务的关键是要了解什么是Web服务，以及如何在市场可能发生变化。人们需要能够在今天的平台和应用的投资，使开发人员快速而有效地实现这些好处，也能够满足特定需求，提高企业的生产力。 通常，有两种实施处理时，互联网的应用程序，即基于服务器和基本技术，基于客户的。这两种技术有自己的长处对代码的发展和它们所提供的设施。服务器的应用程序涉及的动态创建的网页的发展。这些网页传送给客户端的网络浏览器和包含在HTML和JavaScript语言形式的代码。部分的HTML的网页，其中包含形式和用户需求和JavaScript的部分控制部分是静态页面的动态部分。通常情况下，代码的结构完全可以通过干预机制的Web服务器上的改变增加传动部分和服务器实现基于如ASP，JSP，PHP和语言等，这涉及到一个综合的动态网页应用程序开发的用户希望有关问题的特殊性(计算最短路径，执行路由算法，处理与数据库，等)是通过适当援引这些网页的动态内容的不同部分。在基于服务器的所有应用计算在服务器上执行。在客户端的应用程序，Java小程序为准。用户的通信保障由著名的JAVA的机制，充当用户的代码。 一切都执行在客户端。在这种情况下的数据必须被检索，一次，这可能是费时的交易的一部分。 在服务器的应用程序，服务器资源是所有计算中，这就要求有关的硬件和软件功能强大的服务器设施。基于客户端的应用程序与数据传输负担(主要是与道路网络数据)。有一个该补救方法，即缓存。一旦加载，他们留在Web浏览器的快取档案将在需要时立即召回。 就我们而言，客户端的应用程序的开发。主要的原因是从有关个人资料的客户自行查看用户的用电量。事实上，这些信息是保密的，甚至在我们的系统从服务器涉及的方面。 数据管理在我们的制度好职能的主要作用。这种作用变得更为实质性的分配时，需要在一个像一个大的城市大型复杂和详细的道路网进行。更具体地说，为了生产计划提出的路线，系统使用的信息: 在城市道路网在车厂地点和客户(他们统筹重视在城市地图) 接受服务的客户的需求， 所用车辆的能力， 检查互联网部分道路的空间特征研究， 道路网地形， 车辆的速度，考虑到道路的空间特征和地区范围内的移动， 该公司车队车辆的合成。 4案例研究 该系统研制的用于中央食品市场的希腊雅典。具体的市场涉及2 32万平方米的西南地区大面积在雅典的比雷埃夫斯，希腊港口边界地区。这个市场基本上是两亚市场杂交种;的第一项是新鲜蔬菜和水果，第二个鲜肉。阿中央粮食市场是一个组织，涉及众多的小企业，销售和分发新鲜食品，主要是新鲜蔬菜，水果，鱼和肉。它被认为是地方供求走到一起，在价格中的透明度和公开交换条件决定的。每天，市场是由访问的运营商和贸易商谁认为这是最好的地方，进行他们的交易数以千计。市场是利用在粮食部门的专业公司，传统的零售商，在城市市场，超市，大卖场，酒店和餐饮设施。 新鲜的蔬菜和水果市场，涉及690中小型企业，涵盖了21700平方米面积，而肉类市场涉及105个小型和中小型企业，涵盖了6050平方米领域。作为补充的市场领域，雅典环副食品批发市场的服务业和仓库区，为日益增长的经济活动所产生的食品股。现购自运，采购中心，分销和物流，仓储，装卸和包装，可租用冷库，汽车服务、所有的服务运营商需求。对于高效率的物流市场的需求，需要专业化和投资 (车，冷藏库等)，以具有竞争力和提供的服务水平要求越来越多。每一天，这个市场提供了一个复杂的水果和蔬菜的选择，在产品的品种和发行量巨增，这使得它的各种中，最大的水果和蔬菜市场，在希腊和欧洲最大的之一。雅典中央市场响应了高效挑战和可靠地服务于希腊最重要的粮食部门，提供蔬菜，水果，肉类，在卫生和安全条件的肉类产品无与伦比的多种。在肉类市场关注的是，不仅分布，而且与生产。许多农民直接参与雅典中央市场，因为它积极推动与原产地和产品质量认证证书面额。雅典中央市场设施包括约500个停车位。 应用程序可在互联网地址，通过安全Cookie的入口。该系统在适当的编码在一个封装的网页，通过该组织的Web服务器的用户访问了Java applet的形式。有报道说，考虑到了用户需求数的限制。应用程序必须紧凑，方便用户，输入的数据，将特定的企业的关注不能是透明的其他方面，包括组织和备用卡车司机等。