简单句的五种基本句型

简单句的五种基本句型导学案 学习目标:能了解简单句的基本含义,掌握简单句的五种基本句型,并能根据简单句的五种基本句型进行简单的写作。 能力目标:自主学习能力,合作学习能力。 情感目标:培养合作意识,发扬团队精神。 一、概念梳理。听写下面的句子并写出它们分别属于简单句的哪种基本句型。简单句是指:_______________________________________。 1.He laughed. ( ) 2.She did her homework. ( ) 3.It is warm. ( ) 4.My mother bought me a bike. ( ) 5.He wants me to go shopping. ( ) 二、基础达标。(主学习,合作探究。) 1.主语:主语说的是“什么人”,“什么事”。是一个句子的主干成分之一。通常由名词、代词、动名词、不定式来充当。 Lucy likes her new bike. (___________做主语) We work hard. (___________做主语) To learn a foreign language is not easy. (___________做主语) Playing football after school is great fun. (___________做主语) 2.谓语:说明主语做什么。通常由动词充当。动词常分为实义动词,连系动 词,情态动词和助动词。 They work very hard. 情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词一起构成谓语。 They can speak English well. They are playing over there. 3.宾语:动作行为的对象。一般放在及物动词或介词后面。由名词、代词、数 词、动词不定式、动名词构成。 We study English. (___________做宾语) I saw him yesterday. (___________做宾语) He wanted to have a pen. (___________做宾语) She likes playing basketball. (___________做宾语) 双宾语:指人的是间接宾语,指物的是直接宾语。He gave me two books.(即:人间物直) 4.系动词:(is am are sound look become 等) 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示状态。后面往往接形容词,名 词,介词短语。I am a student. He looks sad. 5.表语:说明主语是什么或者怎么样。跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句,用来 说明主语的身份,特征,状态。由名词,形容词,不定式来充当。 My sister is a nurse. The trees turn green. The flower is beautiful. To see is to believe. 6.宾补:补充说明宾语。(宾语和宾补之间有逻辑上的主谓关系) 宾语+宾补叫复合宾语,复合宾语有以下几种类型: 1.不定式充当宾补 John asked me to help him. Let him go home. I saw her come out of the room. 2. 分词充当宾补 I found him standing at the gate. 3. 名词充当宾补 We called him Tom. 4.形容词充当宾补 We must keep the room clean. We found her busy. I found the story interesting. *判断下面的句子分别属于哪种基本句型。 1.That sounds good. ( ) 2. He plays the piano. ( ) 3. We must keep our classroom clean. ( ) 4. The boys are swimming. ( ) 5. Miss Hu teaches us English. ( ) 三、难点突破。重难点解析 1.主谓 ⑴动词是不及物动词,后面不能跟宾语,也无被动语态。 John has read widely. ⑵很多情况下,不及物动词有副词或别的状语修饰,有的动词如果不加状语修饰,句意不完整。 She lived. She lived in the country. He works. He works in a hospital. 2.主谓宾 如果动词词组是“动词+副词”型,而宾语又是代词时,只能将宾语置于动词和副词之间。若宾语是名词,则在副词前后均可。 He will give his book back in a week. He will give back his book in a week. He will give it back in a week. 3.主系表 ⑴表示状态的连系动词有:( )等。 ⑵表示感官的连系动词有:( )等加形容词。 ⑶表示变化的连系动词有:( )等加形容词。 ⑷表示持续的连系动词有:( )等加形容词。 4.主谓间宾直宾 ⑴这种结构也可将间宾放在直宾之后,但间宾前需加介词to或for。to(表示动作对什么人而做),for(表示动词为什么人而做),如: He lent me the bike.= He lent the bike to me. He bought me a new bike.= He bought a new bike for me. ⑵需在间宾前加to的常见动词有:give, show, send, bring, pass, lend, tell, teach 等; ⑶需在间宾前加for的常见动词有:make, buy, do, cook, sing, find等; 5.主谓宾宾补 ⑴动词不定式在句中做宾语补足语时,一般要带to。常见的结构有: ( )告诉某人干某事,( )要某人干某事, ( )命令某人干某事,( )想要某人干某事; ⑵不定式在表示感官或使役的动词后面作宾补时,要省略to。常见的结构有: ( )听见某人做某事 ( )看见某人做某事 ( )看见某人做某事 ( )使/ 让某人做某事 *写出下面简单句的类型。 1. They have lived in China. ( ) 2. He turned the light off. ( ) 3. His face turned red. ( ) 4. I showed my pictures to him. ( ) 5. My parents don’t allow me to practice basketball. ( ) 四、点击中考。 ()1. My mother often asks me ________ early. A. get up B. getting up C. to get up ()2. The teacher told the boy __________ late again. A. not to be B. to not be C. not be ()3. Tom made me _________. A. cry B. to cry C. crying ()4. You must keep _________. A. healthy B. health C. healthily ()5. I found _______ very funny. A. he B. his C. him 五、抢分训练。翻译下列句子。 1. 汤姆讲法语。 2.他看上去很累。 3.我妈妈要我去做作业。 4.莉莉哭了。 5.我阿姨买给我一台电脑。 六、能力提升。自创句子(每种类型至少写两个)。然后听音乐传娃娃,当音乐停的时候,拿到娃娃的同学必须说一个句子,并说出它属于哪种基本句型,说对的同学为组上得一分。 1. 主谓 2. 主谓宾 3. 主系表 4. 主谓间宾直宾 5. 主谓宾宾补