首页 2013年职称英语卫生类C新增文章篇目

2013年职称英语卫生类C新增文章篇目

举报
开通vip

2013年职称英语卫生类C新增文章篇目2013年职称英语卫生类C新增文章篇目 第十六篇: Eat to Live A meager diet may give you health and long life, but it's not much fun—and it might not even be necessary. We may be able to hang on to1 most of that youthful vigor even if we don't start to diet until old age. Stephen...

2013年职称英语卫生类C新增文章篇目
2013年职称英语卫生类C新增文章篇目 第十六篇: Eat to Live A meager diet may give you health and long life, but it's not much fun—and it might not even be necessary. We may be able to hang on to1 most of that youthful vigor even if we don't start to diet until old age. Stephen Spindler and his colleagues from the University of California at Riverside have found that some of an elderly mouse's liver genes can be made to behave as they did when the mouse was young simply by limiting its food for four weeks. The genetic rejuvenation won't reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse, but could help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of toxins2. Spindler's team fed three mice a normal diet for their whole lives, and fed another three on half-rations. Three more mice were switched from the normal diet to half-feed3 for a month when they were 34 months old—equivalent to about 70 human years. The researchers checked the activity of 11,000 genes from the mouse livers, and found that 46 changed with age in the normally fed mice. The changes were associated with things like inflammation and free radical production4—probably bad news for mouse health. In the mice that had dieted all their lives, 27 of those 46 genes continued to behave like young genes. But the most surprising finding was that the mice that only started dieting in old age also benefited from 70 per cent of these gene changes. ―This is the first indication that these effects kick in5 pretty quickly,‖ says Huber Warner from the National Institute on Aging near Washington, D. C. No one yet knows if calorie works in people as it does in mice, bus Spindler is hopeful. ―There's attracting and tempting evidence out there that it will work,‖ he says. If it does work in people, there might be good reasons for rejuvenating the liver. As we get older, out bodies are less efficient at metabolizing drugs, for example. A brief period of time of dieting, says Spindler, could be enough to make sure a drug is effective. But Spindler isn't sure the trade-off is worth it6. ―The mice get less disease, they live longer but they're hungry,‖ he says. ―Even seeing what a diet does, it's still hard to go to a restaurant and say: 'I can only eat half of that'.‖ Spindler hopes we soon won't need to diet at all. His company, Life Span Genetics in California, is looking for drugs that have the effects of calorie restriction. 词汇: meager ['mi:ɡ?(r)] adj. 不足的 youthful [''ju:θful] adj. 有青春活力的 vigor ['v?ɡ?(r)] n. 精力,活力 metabolize [m?'tæb?laiz] vt. 使(一种物质)进入新陈代谢过程 genetic [d??'net?k] adj. 基因的 rejuvenation [ri?d?u:v?'nei??n] n. 恢复活力,返老还童 liver ['liv?] n. 肝脏 toxin ['t?ksin] n. 毒素 ration ['ræ??n] n. 定量 calorie ['kæl?ri] n. 卡 (热量的单位) inflammation [?infl?'mei??n] n. 炎症,发炎 trade-off n. 交换,交易 rejuvenate [ri'd?u:vineit] vt. 使恢复活力 注释: 1. hang on to : 继续保留。例如:You should hang on to that painting – it might be worth a lot of money one day. 你应该继续保留那幅画,或许有一天它会值很多钱。 2. The genetic rejuvenation won’t reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse, but could help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of toxins. 老鼠的肝部基因恢复活力不会逆转老 鼠在其他方面的老化,但却有助于肝脏带血药物或除去毒素。 other damage caused by time 岁月造成的其他方面的破坏,即―其他方面的老化‖。Metabolize drugs:代谢药物,即―使药物 参与新陈代谢以提高药效‖。 get rid of :摆脱,除去。 3. half-rations 和 half-feed: 都是指―老鼠饲料正常定量(normal diet)的一半‖。 4. free radical production:指―(有机体组织、器官等的)无限激增‖。 5. kick in :意为―开始起作用‖。如:We’re still waiting for the air conditioning to kick in : 我们还在等着空调开始起作用。 6.be worth it : 意为―值得,有益‖。例如:They are expensive, but they are worth it. 那 些东西很贵,但划得来。 练习: 1. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? A. Eating less than usual might make us live longer. B. If we go on a diet when old, we may keep healthy. C. Dieting might not be needed. D. We have to begin dieting from childhood. 2. Why does the author mention an elderly mouse in paragraph 2? A. To describe the influence of old age on mice. B. To illustrate the effect of meager food on mice. C. To tell us how mice’s liver genes behave. D. To inform us of the process of metabolizing drugs. 3. What can be inferred about completely normally fed mice mentioned in the passage? A. They will not experience free radical production. B. They will experience more genetic rejuvenation in their lifetime. C. They have more old liver genes to behave like young genes. D. They are more likely to suffer from inflammation. 4. According to the author, which of the following most interested the researchers? A. The mice that started dieting in old age. B. 27 of those 46 old genes that continued to behave like young genes. C. Calorie restriction that works in people. D. Dieting that makes sure a drug is effective. 5. According to the last two aragrahs, Sindler believes that A. calorie restriction is very imortant to young eole B. seeing the effect of a diet, eole will eat less than normal. C. dieting is not a good method to give us health and a long life. D. drugs do not have the effects of calorie restriction. 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 与题解: 1. D 第一段第一句讲―节食可能不是非做不可的事‖,第二句讲―即使上了年纪再节食,我们仍然有可能在很大程度上保持青春活力‖,因此,―我们必须从小就开始节食‖是错误的,D是答案。 2. B 第二段体积―一只高龄老鼠‖的时候,作者谈到,―只要连续四周限制它仅是,它的肝脏基因就会变得和衰老前一样充满活力‖。据此,―为了描述节食对老鼠所产生的影响‖最好地回答了题干中的问题。 3. D 第四段提到,―正常饲养的老鼠随着年龄的增长有46条肝脏基因会发生变化,这种变化与炎症和身体组织无限激增相关‖,因此,D正确。 4. A 第四段最后一个句子讲―但最惊人的发现时那些上了年纪才开始节食的老鼠也能从70%的基因变化中受益‖。―最惊人的‖自然是―最令研究人员感兴趣的‖。 5. C 文章的最后两段谈及Sindler 对节食的看法。首先,他不能肯定节食是否值得。其次,他希望在不久的将来,我们不必解释。所以我们可以退职,他认为节食不是得以健康长寿的好 办法 鲁班奖评选办法下载鲁班奖评选办法下载鲁班奖评选办法下载企业年金办法下载企业年金办法下载 。 参考译文 第十六篇 为生存而食 粗茶淡饭或许能给你健康和长寿,但这并不有趣——很有可能也没必要。即便在年老以后才开始节食我们也能在很大程度上保持住青春活力。 加州大学Riverside分校的斯蒂芬•斯潘德尔及其同事发现,只要连续四周限制一些衰老的老鼠进食,它们的肝脏基因就会变得和衰老前一样充满活力。虽然老鼠的肝部基因恢复活力不会逆转它们在其他方面的老化,但是却有助于这些老鼠的肝脏对药物的新陈代谢和清除毒素。 斯潘德尔的队员们一直给其中的三只老鼠正常量的饲料,而给另外三只老鼠正常量饲料的一半,给三只34个月大的老鼠(相当于人类年龄的70岁)喂了一个月的半量饲料,之前这三只老鼠的饲料量是正常的。 研究者们检查了这些老鼠肝脏的11,000种基因的活性,发现正常饲养的老鼠有46种基因随年龄的改变而改变。这些改变都与体内自由基的产生有关——这对老鼠的健康来说不是什么好消息。而对于那些终身都在节食的老鼠来说,那46种基因中的27种仍然继续保持着青春活力。但是最令人吃惊的发现却是那些只是在老年时期节食的老鼠们受益于70%的基因变异。 ―这只是第一个这些效果迅速起作用的暗示‖,来自华盛顿特区周边的国家老年学学院的哈勃•华纳说。 至今仍然没有人清楚卡路里的控制对人类来说是否如同对老鼠那样有效,但是斯潘德尔对此充满了希望:―有足以引人注意的证据表明这同样有效。‖ 如果这确实也对人类有效,我们有理由相信肝脏也可能恢复活力。举个例子,随着我们一天天衰老,我们的身体对药物的新陈代谢越来越没有效率。短时期内的节食,斯潘德尔说到,完全足以保证药效。 但是斯潘德尔并不确定这个 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 值得尝试。―老鼠患病少了,寿命延长了,但是它们很饥饿,‖他说,―即使能清楚地认识到节食的功效,人们仍然很难在餐馆中说自己只能吃一半的食物。‖ 斯潘德尔希望我们根本就不用节食。他的公司,加利福尼亚州的寿命遗传学公司,正在寻找有限制卡路里效能的药物 第二篇 A Biological Clock Every living thing has what scientists call a biological clock that controls behavior. The biological clock tells _____1___ when to form flowers and when the flowers should open1. It tells _____2____ when to leave the protective cocoon and fly away, and it tells animals and human beings when to eat, sleep and wake. Events outside the plant and animal _____3_____ the actions of some biological clocks. Scientists recently found, for example, that a tiny animal changes the color of its fur ___4_____ the number of hours of daylight. In the short _____B_ of winter, its fur becomes white. The fur becomes gray brown in color in the longer hours of daylight summer. Inner signals control other biological clocks. German scientists found that some kind of internal clock seems to order birds to begin their long migration ____6____ twice each year. Birds ____7_____ flying become restless when it is time for the trip, __8___ they become calm again when the time of the flight has ended. Scientists say they are beginning to learn which ____9____ of the brain contain biological clocks. An American researcher, Martin Moorhead, said a small group of cells near the front of the brain ____10____ to control the timing of some of our actions. These __11____ tell a person when to _____12_____, when to sleep and when to seek food. Scientists say there probably are other biological clock cells that control other body activities. Dr. Moorhead is studying ____13____ our biological clocks affect the way we do our work2. For example, most of us have great difficulty if we must often change to different work hours. _____14____ can take3 many days for a human body to accept the major change in work hours. Dr. Moorhead said industrial officials should have a better understanding of biological clocks and how they affect workers. He said ____15____ understanding could cut sickness and accidents at work and would help increase a factory’s production. 1. A) scientists B) humans C) plants D) animals 2. A) insects B) birds C) fish D) snakes 3. A) effect B) affect C) effected D) affected 4. A) because B) for the reason that C) because of D) since 5. A) months B) days C) minutes D) weeks 6. A) flight B) fly C) movement D) transportation 7. A) prevented from B) ordered by C) helped by D) intruded on 8. A) and B) but C) therefore D) however 9. A) portions B) parts C) sections D) kinds 10. A) try B) tries C) seem D) seems 11. A) things B) parts C) cells D) actions 12. A) awaken B) wake C) awakening D) wake-up 13. A) how B) why C) where D) what 14. A) We B) It C) They D) You 15. A) so B) with C) such D) if 答案与题解: 1. C 从后半句When to form flowers and when the flowers should open 知道,只有 plants 才有花。前面没有定冠词修饰的plants是泛指植物这一大类,与动物类相对应。 2. A 后面出现的when to leave the protective cocoons and fly away 提示我们,唯有选 insects 才是正确的,因为只有insects才有protective cocoons,而birds、fish和snakes都 没有。 3. B affect作为动词是―影响‖的意思,而effect作为动词则是―使发生;使生效‖的意思。 这里谈论的是动植物生物钟的一般情况,所以使用动词的一般现在时。 since都有―因为‖的意思,但4. C这里应使用介词短语,因为其后是名词。because和 它们都是连词,用来引导原因状语从句,如: He will not come because he is ill. Since he is ill, he will not come. for the reason that后接句子,所以也不是答案。 5. B 根据下句中的in the longer hours of daylight in summer 和上句中的the number of hours of daylight,以及该段的中心意思,可以判断,应选择B,因为冬天日短夜长,夏天 则反之。 6. A本句中有birds,migration这些词,下一句又谈及迁徙飞行前的躁动不安,就知道 应该填词义为―飞行‖的名词。fly是动词,不能选择;其他两个选项也都不合适。flight 是fly的名词形式,所以是合适的选择。 7. A该句句子的主干是:主语birds,谓语become restless。所以,所填的词是过去分词, 修饰birds。从上下文表达的意思判断,ordered by (被命令)、helped by (被帮助)和 intruded on(被强加)都不匹配,只有prevented from是合适的选择。 8. B很明显,这里需使用连词,连接该句中平行的两个分句。而根据整个句子的句 意,上半句和下半句形成反差对比:become restless when the time of the flight has ended,所以应选择but,表示相反的两层意思。 9. B portion是―一定数量;一份‖, section是―切下的部分‖,kind是―种类‖,都不符合上 下文意思连贯的要求。唯有B是正确的选项。 10. D不能选择C,因为主语是group,而不是cells,所以要采用动词的第三人称单数形式 seems A和B不符合常识。 11. C These 一词说明,其后的名词是上文已经提到的某些事物,即cells。从下文 中可以看出,尽管actions —词也在上文中出现,但该词不符合句意。选项A和B意思 不准确。 12. A该句中的三个宾语都是带疑问副词的动词不定式,所以都要用动词原形。awaken是唯一合适的选择,woke是wake的一般过去形式,awakening是形容词,wake-up是名词。 13. A studying后面是一个从句作它的宾语,而从句起首处应有个连词。把C或D填入空格上下文意思不连贯。根据下文的例子,作者讨论的不是生物钟为什么会影响我们的工作, -而是生物钟如何影响我们的工作。所以,how是正确的选择。14. B从句子结构中不难看出,to accept the major change in work hours是实际上的主语,而此处需要一个形式主语,所以只能选择It。 15. C该句中的understanding既然是上句中提到的better understanding, C便是最佳的选项。其他三个选项均不符合语法。 参考译文 第二篇 生物钟 每一种生物都有控制它们行为的时钟,科学家们称之为生物钟。生物钟告诉植物的花朵何时生长,何时开放;生物钟告诉昆虫何时离开防护卵袋,远远飞去;生物钟还告诉动物和人类何时进食、睡眠,何时苏醒。 外界的变化会影响某些动植物的生物钟。例如,科学家最近发现,有一种很小的动物,会随着白天日照时间的长短改变其毛发的颜色。冬季日照时间短,它的毛变成白色。夏季白天日照时间长,它的毛又变成棕灰色。 还有的生物,它们的生物钟受体内信号控制。德国的科学家发现,鸟类体内的某种生物钟迫使它们每年做两次长距离迁移。那些被迫不能迁移的鸟,当迁移时间到来时,会显得烦躁不安,而当这段时间过后,它们又恢复了平静。 科学家们指出,他们开始探索大脑内部的哪些部位存在生物钟。一位美国的研究员,马丁• 莫亥德(Martin Moorhead)曾指出,好像是人脑前部的一小群细胞控制着人体的行为。这些细胞控制着人体睡眠、苏醒和觅食的时间。另外,科学工作者推测,可能还有另外的生物钟细胞控制人体的其他行为。 目前,莫亥德博士正在研究生物钟对人们工作方面的影响。比如,如果经常改变工作时间, 绝大多数人会感觉不适应。要适应工作时间上的较大变动,可能需要相当长一段日子。莫亥德博士说,工厂的领导应该对生物钟有进一步的了解,懂得生物钟对工人的影响,如此则会减少工作中的不适和事故,对提高生产大有裨益。
本文档为【2013年职称英语卫生类C新增文章篇目】,请使用软件OFFICE或WPS软件打开。作品中的文字与图均可以修改和编辑, 图片更改请在作品中右键图片并更换,文字修改请直接点击文字进行修改,也可以新增和删除文档中的内容。
该文档来自用户分享,如有侵权行为请发邮件ishare@vip.sina.com联系网站客服,我们会及时删除。
[版权声明] 本站所有资料为用户分享产生,若发现您的权利被侵害,请联系客服邮件isharekefu@iask.cn,我们尽快处理。
本作品所展示的图片、画像、字体、音乐的版权可能需版权方额外授权,请谨慎使用。
网站提供的党政主题相关内容(国旗、国徽、党徽..)目的在于配合国家政策宣传,仅限个人学习分享使用,禁止用于任何广告和商用目的。
下载需要: 免费 已有0 人下载
最新资料
资料动态
专题动态
is_591137
暂无简介~
格式:doc
大小:35KB
软件:Word
页数:0
分类:
上传时间:2017-10-18
浏览量:10