动词八种时态

动词八种时态 （一）一般现在时 一.一般现在时的功能 1. 表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 2. 表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。 3. 表示客观真理。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 注意: 在下列情况下,句子也一般用一般现在时 1. 有些表示心理状态或感情的动词往往用一般现在时表示。 I like eating bananas. 2. 在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作,用来代替一般将来时。 He will call you as soon as he arrives in Beijing. 二. 经常和一般现在时搭配的时间状语有: always, often , sometimes usually, everyday, once a week等 三.一般现在时的结构 1. be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如： I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 2. 行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如： We study English.我们学习英语。 当主语为第三人称单数时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.   当主语是第三人称单数时,一般现在时谓语动词变化情况如下:  一般情况下加词尾-s 　 learns 以s, x, ch, sh, o结尾的则加-es 　 misses, watches, washes, goes 以辅音字母加结尾的,先把y改为i,再加es 　 study-studies     注意: have的第三人称单数是has　 四.一般现在时的否定和疑问结构 1. 否定句 be动词           主语+ be + not +其它。 He is not a worker. 行为动词         主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。 I don't like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。 He doesn't often play football. 2. 一般疑问句 be动词          Be +主语+其它。 -Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 行为动词        Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。 - Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。 - Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.　 3. 特殊疑问句        疑问词+一般疑问句。 Where is my bike? EXERCISES: 1. The little boy                 (study) very hard. 2. My sisters                  (water) the flowers every day. 3. Lucy               (go) to school by bike. 4. He                   (not,like) swimming at all. 5. Our school              ( not, be) very big, but it is very beautiful. 6．Mother always              ( worry ) about my father’s health. 7. Sometimes my father               ( take ) me to the park to fly kites on Sunday. 8. Miss Smith                  ( teach ) us English in our school. 9. My parents                  ( not,be ) both teacher. 10. The twins                ( live ) on the second floor. 11. Mr Brown often              ( watch ) TV in the afternoon. 12. Lucy often             ( have ) lunch at school 13. I                 ( not,speak ) Chinese 14. Tom and Jim usually              ( write ) to me. 15. My friend          ( play ) basketball once a week. KEY:  1.studies 2. waters 3. goes 4. doesn't like 5.isn't 6.worries 7.takes 8.teaches 9. are not 10.live 11.watches 12.has 13.don't speak 14.write 15.plays （二） 现在进行时 一.现在进行时的用法 表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作 He is writing a letter. We are making model planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型。　 二.经常和现在进行时搭配的单词有   now, listen, look(at), at the moment　 三.现在进行时的结构 现在进行时由"be+v-ing"构成 I am reading. He is reading. We are reading.　 EXERCISES: 1. We                (play) basket on the playground now. 2. He                (have) lunch at school now. 3.Listen! The birds              (sing) in the tree. 4. Look! The little girl              (dance) dance. 5. Tom and Jack               (play) games at the moment. 6. Look! The children                    ( have ) a good time over there. 7. It’s fine today. The sun                  ( shine ). 8. The students                    ( do ) their homework in the classroom now. 9. Look! The child                   ( sit ) on the ball. 10. The foreigner                     ( talk ) with our headmaster now. 11. My brother                     ( listen ) to the music at the moment. 12. Listen! The birds                  ( sing ) in the tree. 13. What is he doing?   He                ( wash) his clothes? 14. Look at the girl !   What           she           (draw)on the blackboard? 15. Be quick! They             (wait) us outside the gate of the school.   （三）一般将来时 一.一般将来时的用法 一般将来时表示将来发生的动作或状态　 二.常用于一般将来时的时间状语有  soon, next week, tomorrow　 三.一般将来时的结构 1.will/shall+动词原形         shall用于第一人称,常被will所代替 Lucy will study Chinese next year. 2.be going to+动词原形        1)表示按计划要做的事 We are going to the farm tomorrow. 2)表示很快就要发生的事 Look! There is much dark cloud . It is going to rain soon. The woman is going to have a baby.　 EXERCISES: 1. Say something about what you                         ( do ) tomorrow. 2. We                       ( help ) the farmers grow rice next week.                 3. The bus                 ( take ) you to the museum. 4. Teacher Li                    ( give ) a talk on man-made satellite next Saturday. 5. We                       ( hold ) a sports meeting next Saturday.　 （四）一般过去时 一.一般过去时的用法 一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或状态。 We went to the park yesterday.　 二.常与一般过去时搭配的时间状语有: yesterday, last year, ten years ago , in 1989, just now　 三.一般过去时的结构 1. be动词：主语+be(was,were)+其它。如： I was a teacher ten years ago. 2. 行为动词：主语+行为动词的过去式(+其它)。如： We studied English.我们学习英语。 注意: 规则动词的过去式的变化情况如下:   一般情况下在加词尾-ed learn-learned 　 以e结尾的则加-d write-writed 　 以辅音字母+y结尾的,先把y改为i,再加-ed study-studied 　     不规则动词的过去式的变化情况可以参照教课书后面的 表格 关于规范使用各类表格的通知入职表格免费下载关于主播时间做一个表格详细英语字母大小写表格下载简历表格模板下载 　 四.一般过去时的否定句和疑问句 1. 否定句 be动词           主语+ was/were + not +其它。 He was not a worker. 行为动词         主语+ didn't+动词原形(+其它)。 I didn't go to the park yesterday.                  　 2. 一般疑问句 be动词          was/were +主语+其它。 -Was he a student last year? -Yes, he was./No, he wasn't. 行为动词        Did+主语+动词原形+其它。 - Did you  play football just now?- Yes, I did. / No, I didn't. 3. 特殊疑问句       疑问词+一般疑问句。 How did your father go to work yesterday?　 （五）现在完成时 一．现在完成时的定义: 1.表示过去发生的事对现在造成了影响 Ｉhave opened the door.(The door is still open now) 2.过去某个动作一直延续到现在 It has rained for a week. (It began to rain a week ago,and it is still raining.) I have lived in China for ten  years. 二．常与现在完成时搭配的单词有 already,yet,since,for---,just,---before,in/during the past+一段时间，never，ever 三．现在完成时的结构: have/has + 动词的过去分词  I have had breakfast. He has finished his homework.　 注意：现在完成时的否定句是在have（has）的后面加上not，疑问句是将have（has）置于主语之前。 否定句：      I have not seen the movie yet.我还没看这部电影。 He hasn't been to Beijing since then.从那时起，他就再也没来过北京。 一般疑问句：    Have（Has）+主语+过去分词～？ Have you finished the work？你已经做完这项工作了吗？ Yes，I have. ／No，I haven't. Has she arrived here？她已经到这儿了吗？ Yes，she has ／No，she hasn't 特殊疑问句句型  　特殊疑问词+have（has）+主语+过去分词～？ How many times have you been to the Great Wall？ 一般过去时和现在完成时的区别： 现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。 I have opened the door. 一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系，它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。 I opened the door this morning.　 试比较下列句子： 现在完成时节                                          一般过去时 1．I have dropped my pen.                         I dropped my pen just now. 2.. She has come.                                     She came here just now. 3. I have lost my watch.                             I lost my watch last week. 4. I have had breakfast. I am full now.          I had breakfast at 7:00 5. He has cleaned his room, it is clean now.   He cleaned his room, but it is dirty now. 一般过去时、现在完成时的专项 练习题 用券下载整式乘法计算练习题幼小衔接专项练习题下载拼音练习题下载凑十法练习题下载幼升小练习题下载免费 1. I                  the cake, I am full now. ( eat ) 2. I                   the cake last night.   ( eat ) 3. He                the film ten years ago. ( see ) 4. I                a new book yesterday. ( buy ) 5. She               her book, she can’t find it anywhere. ( lose ) 6. Mother                     supper, we can have a nice meal. ( cook ) 7. She                 her clothes this morning.(wash) 8. I                  lunch at 12:10 . ( have ) 9. I               my homework just now. ( do ) 10. I                    your shoes , you can put them on now. ( clean ) 11．He            ( tell ) us something about America yesterday. 12. Tom            ( make ) some mistakes in his test. 13. The train has already                ( arrive ). 14. Jane             ( send ) me a dictionary the day before yesterday. 15. They             ( ask ) me to thank your mother just now. 16. The doctor          ( say ) the child needed an operation. 17. The dog           ( die ) two hours ago. 18. Tomorrow is my father’s birthday. I                  ( buy ) a present for him. 19. Mary isn’t in the classroom.             She               her homework yet?(finish) 20.           you             ( find ) the key of your house?　 现在完成时的瞬间动词与与连续性动词 瞬间动词                           延续性动词 die                                    be dead open (动词)                         be open （形容词） close (动词)                        be closed（形容词） get up                                be up fall asleep                          be asleep finish                                be over leave                                 be away start/begin                          be on buy                                   have borrow                               keep catch a cold                        have a cold join                                 (1) be a + 成员；职业                      (2) be in+ 集团；组织；单位                     come/go/arrive/get/catch            (1) be+ 副词                       (2) be in/at+ 名词　 EXERCISES: 1. He came here three years ago. He                              here  for three years. 2. School finished a month ago. School                                 for a month. 3. He borrowed this book a week ago. He                  this book for a week. 4. The factory opened ten years ago. The factory                                     for 10 years 5. The man joined the army two years ago. The man                         a soldier since two years ago. 6. He arrived in Beijing last year. He                                Beijing since a year ago. 7. She got up an hour ago. She                                     for an hour. 8. He bought this book three weeks ago. He                       this book for three years. 9. The film began half an hour. The film                                       for half an hour. 10. How long            you            this book? (borrow) 11. I bought the pen about two years ago. I                                the pen since two years ago. 12. He left China three years ago. He                                           China for three years. 13. He left here last year He                               here for a year. 14. Tom came back a month ago. 15. He died five years ago. since/for，have/has been in, have/have been to, have/have gone to的区别 since/for常与现在完成时搭配，但它们的用法是有区别的。 since+时间点              since 1999 for+一段时间              for three years since+一段时间+ago        since two months ago =for+一段时间             =for two month                            EXERCIESE: 用since / for 填空 1       two days     2.        two and a half months      3.      1990  4.        ten years    5.       ten years ago      6.       last year 7.      a long time           8.        a moment 9.        six clock           10.        yesterday morning　 have/has been in, have/have been to, have/have gone to的区别 have/has been in 一直在某地                    　He has been in China for over ten years. have/has been to+名词　到过某地，现在回来了。      He has been to Japan twice. have/has been+副词                                 I have been there. have/has gone to+名词　到某地去了，现在不在这里    Where is Jim? --He has gone to the library. have/has gone+副词                                 Where has Lucy gone?　 用have /has been to   have/has gone to  have /has been   have/has gone, has/have been in 填空 1. He                    China for three years. 2. He                    China. So he knows a lot about China. 3. Where is Mr Green? He                     China. 4. He                    here since 10 years ago. 5. How long           you            here? 6. Where             you            ? I                    the library. 7. How long            you                            China? 8. My father                      Japan for many times. 9. The twins                      here for a long time. 10. Where are Tom and Lucy? They                     England.　  （六）过去进行时 一. 过去进行时的定义 过去进行时常表示过去某一时刻或过去某一阶段内正在进行的动作。 二. 过去进行时的构成 过去进行时是由“be动词的过去式was/were＋现在分词”构成。 三. 过去进行时的基本句型　 肯定式 疑问式 否定式 I was working Were you working? I was not working He / She / it was working. Was he / she / it working? Yes, he / she / it was. No, he / she / it wasn’t. He / she / it was not working. We were working. Were we working? We were not working       四. 过去进行时的基本用法