钢琴八度的练习方法学习

钢琴八度的练习方法学习 extraction processes, production of pollution-free, high value-added products, fully meet the State environmental requirements. Four five-year relaxation and rest, achievements in concentrated bursts. In five years, 135 organized scientific research and technological innovation projects, promote scientific and technological research and development investment of 630 million Yuan. 26 key projects included in the national and provincial research and development projects, 32 new scientific and technological results of municipal-level science and technology progress award, first prize for 5. Ruixing group "biomass-based nutrient and microbial resistant and efficient construction of new system in urea production and industrialization", the 2015 annual provincial science and technology progress award, which the company won the provincial science and technology progress Award for four consecutive years. Increasing number of patent applications, in 2015, the County reached 168 invention patent applications, an increase of 143.5%, increase the city's 1th, patents for inventions accounted 33.9%, ranking the 3rd place in the city, run-silver bio-3 companies in the provincial intellectual property advantage enterprise. XX group development of atmospheric continuous desulfurization equipment included "province first Taiwan sets [钢琴学习]八度的练习方法 首先是放松...手腕至少,然后是手臂,然后是肩关节,没有这个什么都别弹!~ 然后... 1.有力度的(往琴键里面砸一样)弹八度音阶和半音阶(C Major就可以),注意指法,手大就用3\4\5指(你应该明白吧),手小就4/5 2.同上开始,但是在手离开键盘起来的时候以琴键落到底时为支点,有弹性的起来,再次有力的落在下一个八度上,让整个弹奏过程像在画一排拱门,用毛笔,门脚重,门框轻!~自己体会去吧!~ 3.手腕等高平移;手腕下摆弹八度,上摆离开键盘并平移,如此重复.但是要注意的是始终手腕保持一个较高的高度不变,并且触键是点,但是不是跳!!!不要像碰到了烧红的铁块一样碰到琴键就立刻把手抽上去...那样用力方向是向上...要用力方向向下,上离间盘自然且轻松... 4.同上开始,但是不是手腕而是肘关节!!!手腕适当的小幅度上下摆动,主要运动部位是小臂关节!!!此方法最容易手臂僵硬...要时刻体会... 上述方法,开始练习的时候一定要大幅度,且不要快!!!否则没有任何提升速度的好处... 一段时间(至少半个月吧)后可以减小手腕和小臂关节的活动幅度,并且尝试弹比较快速的八度,同时用纯五度八度琶音来练习..最好是双手同时!~ ------------------------------------ [钢琴学习]中国五声调式音阶钢琴基本练习 一、将五声调式音阶引入钢琴基本练习的必要性 学习钢琴演奏，必须学习音阶、琶音这些基本练习。它们是钢琴演奏的“基本功”。“不论演奏哪种风格，哪个时代的作品，都离不开大量的音阶、琶音”?1。在基本练习中，“音阶的手指练习是基础的基础”?2。 在我们平时学习的音阶基本练习中，最常接触的音阶练习是自然大调、和声小调、旋律小调这三种。它们“都是由一个三音组与一个四音组构成，通过大指转弯，把这两组连接起来。”?3 即1、2、3、1、2、3、4或4、3、2、1、3、2、1这样的指法规律。?4 通过这些练习能够使我们在演奏乐曲的音阶式进行片断时得心应手。 然而，当我们接触中国风格的钢琴作品时，特别是那些根据古曲、民歌等改编的作品中，运用了能够体现中国民族风格的五声调式。在学习和演奏这些作品时，就会遇到五声调式的音阶进行。由于五声调式音阶是由宫、商、角、徵、羽五个音组成，这时，自然大调、和声小调、旋律小调那种1、2、3、1、2、3、4式的指法规律便不适用了。 因此，在演奏中国风格的作品前，进行一些专门针对五声调式音阶的基本练习，对于演奏好这些作品，特别是其中五声调式音阶的进行片断是很有帮助，也是很有必要的。 二、五声调式音阶的基本特征 中国五声调式是由五个按纯五度排列起来的音构成，其顺序为宫、徵、商、角、羽。将这五个音放在一个八度内，构成五声调式音阶，即我们熟知的宫、商、角、徵、羽的顺序。 可以看到，五声调式音阶只有五个音，刚好由五个手指完成这五个音的弹奏。这与有七个音构成的自然大调、和声小调、旋律小调有明显的区别。 extraction processes, production of pollution-free, high value-added products, fully meet the State environmental requirements. Four five-year relaxation and rest, achievements in concentrated bursts. In five years, 135 organized scientific research and technological innovation projects, promote scientific and technological research and development investment of 630 million Yuan. 26 key projects included in the national and provincial research and development projects, 32 new scientific and technological results of municipal-level science and technology progress award, first prize for 5. Ruixing group "biomass-based nutrient and microbial resistant and efficient construction of new system in urea production and industrialization", the 2015 annual provincial science and technology progress award, which the company won the provincial science and technology progress Award for four consecutive years. Increasing number of patent applications, in 2015, the County reached 168 invention patent applications, an increase of 143.5%, increase the city's 1th, patents for inventions accounted 33.9%, ranking the 3rd place in the city, run-silver bio-3 companies in the provincial intellectual property advantage enterprise. XX group development of atmospheric continuous desulfurization equipment included "province first Taiwan sets extraction processes, production of pollution-free, high value-added products, fully meet the State environmental requirements. Four five-year relaxation and rest, achievements in concentrated bursts. In five years, 135 organized scientific research and technological innovation projects, promote scientific and technological research and development investment of 630 million Yuan. 26 key projects included in the national and provincial research and development projects, 32 new scientific and technological results of municipal-level science and technology progress award, first prize for 5. Ruixing group "biomass-based nutrient and microbial resistant and efficient construction of new system in urea production and industrialization", the 2015 annual provincial science and technology progress award, which the company won the provincial science and technology progress Award for four consecutive years. Increasing number of patent applications, in 2015, the County reached 168 invention patent applications, an increase of 143.5%, increase the city's 1th, patents for inventions accounted 33.9%, ranking the 3rd place in the city, run-silver bio-3 companies in the provincial intellectual property advantage enterprise. XX group development of atmospheric continuous desulfurization equipment included "province first Taiwan sets 以C自然大调和C宫调的右手作比较来看: 谱例一:C自然大调: C宫调 : 从谱例上我们能够看到两者除了音的个数不一样外，在进行实际弹奏上还有区别。 自然大调的七个音是一个挨着一个的，每个音之间都是二度音程，中间没有“间隙”;它的指法是由一个三音组与一个四音组通过大指转弯连接起来。 五声调式音阶中，角到徵、羽到宫这两对音之间的音程是三度，就是说在弹奏到这两对音的进行时有距离要“跨越”;它的指法是由一个三音组与一个二音组构成，在跨越角到徵、羽到宫这两个相对较长的音程后连接起来的。 这些特征不仅是五声调式音阶与自然大调、和声小调、旋律小调的区别，而且是将五声调式音阶作为基本练习的重点和难点。 三、五声调式音阶的几种基本练习方法 将五声调式音阶作为基本练习，虽有它自身的特殊性，但在进行实际的练习时，还是应当遵循基本练习的一般方法。 1、五声调式音阶的五指练习法。 将我们的五个手指一一对应地放在五声调式音阶的五个音上，就可以进行五指练习了。 在练习时要注意的是，角到徵、羽到宫这两对音之间的音程是三度，这相对于以前全是二度音程的音阶练习来说是距离较长的，所以在练习时就应着重解决。 参照谱例一，在C宫调中，3、4指弹奏相距三度的角音和徵音，它们的指间距离较长，是练习的重点。练习时可以从非连音开始。因为非连音“要求手指在快速跑动中，既不是非常连贯，又不是跳的状态，同时声音的质量是均匀的，颗粒性的连续进行”?5。这样的练习可以特别为3、4指弹奏的长距离音程作准备。 接下来练习连音。连音要求保证音色、音量的统一以及两音的连续性。由于3、4指平时很少弹奏这样长距离的音程，4指又是五个手指中最弱的一个，所以在弹奏角音到徵音的进行时，4指可以不像弹二度音程那样直接下键，而是要将4指向要弹的音伸一下，才能完成下键动作;在弹奏徵音到角音的进行时，4指要保持稳定向3指过渡，同时3指要向角音的方向伸一下。这样的练习能够激发3、4指运动的主动性，充分调动大脑对3、特别是4指的控制能力。 前面讲到，羽音到宫音也是一对音程为三度的两个音。但是在上述练习中，羽音右手为5指，左手为1指，这样五指练习中就没有羽音到宫音的进行。这时我们可以用改用别的调式，如d商调式，就可以练习羽音到宫音的进行了。 谱例二 d商调: 在这个调式的练习中，左手3、4指，1、2指;右手2、3指，4、5指在音程距离较长的位置上。它们中间，除1、2指能够天然地适应这一较长的音程距离，其它的手指多少都会有点“吃力”。事实上也正是在“吃力”的情况下，才能够使手指得到锻炼。 按照这种方法可以推出用其它各个调式加以练习，如e角调式、G徵调式、a羽调式等。还可移至D宫调、E宫调、F宫调……等等。这样移调的练习使得五个手指各个指之间都可以special welcome of is, XX Group also get has 2015 years Mayor quality award, showed that has has is strong of innovation capacity; Shandong Mo Shang source forest "cloud green Huai new varieties industrialization development" was as Shandong province 2015 years West economic uplift with focus development plans; nine Xin day of development of Chinese God SOAP, and Chinese God water, high-end day of products, became County development new highlights, in domestic also caused sensation. Five five years perseverance, talent highlight scene. Build XX, Shanghai, Guangdong, introducing only three workstations, widely implement "Golden Bridge project", a total of 32,000 people importing all kinds of talent, intelligence, and in particular the introduction of the Chinese Academy of engineering, XX University of chemical Tan tianwei, the "thousand person plan" expert-Guo Xin, domestic and foreign medical experts-Dr Wang Chuanhua and high-end talent in America. Among them, Dr Wang chuan-Hua was awarded the provincial government "province's Taishan industry leading talent" honor, Is the city's only overseas science and technology industry leaders, and provincial and municipal entrepreneurship support fund of 3 million Yuan. Rising part-time research scientists Zhu Qing of the Group increased, leading new materials research and development team, to focus on the more high-tech projects research, 2015 was awarded the XX city "Tarzan and leaders of excellence" honors. Two top talent is the embodiment of achievement in my talents over the years. Personnel training has intensified. Strong integration of various training resources, vigorously implement the "advanced training Enterprise talents" "resettlement and practical training", "travel professionals in action" e-commerce "Yu CAI" four personnel training project. Only in 2015, training immigrants with practical skills, tourism professionals and other professionals at all levels to 64,000 people extraction processes, production of pollution-free, high value-added products, fully meet the State environmental requirements. Four five-year relaxation and rest, achievements in concentrated bursts. In five years, 135 organized scientific research and technological innovation projects, promote scientific and technological research and development investment of 630 million Yuan. 26 key projects included in the national and provincial research and development projects, 32 new scientific and technological results of municipal-level science and technology progress award, first prize for 5. Ruixing group "biomass-based nutrient and microbial resistant and efficient construction of new system in urea production and industrialization", the 2015 annual provincial science and technology progress award, which the company won the provincial science and technology progress Award for four consecutive years. Increasing number of patent applications, in 2015, the County reached 168 invention patent applications, an increase of 143.5%, increase the city's 1th, patents for inventions accounted 33.9%, ranking the 3rd place in the city, run-silver bio-3 companies in the provincial intellectual property advantage enterprise. XX group development of atmospheric continuous desulfurization equipment included "province first Taiwan sets 得到充分地锻炼。特别能够锻炼2、3指，3、4指，4、5指的主动性，拉伸它们跨越运动的距离。使手指在弹奏五声调式音阶的进行片断时自如地运用。 2、参照哈农练习的五声调式练习 单单按上述五指练习 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 练习，不足以满足练习的数量。这时我们可参照前人的指法练习方法，对五声调式的五指练习进行套用。这样就大大丰富了练习的方式和内容。“变化的练习不仅可以提高练习的难度，丰富练习的内容;而且可以使练习具有新鲜感，使头脑能始终保持清醒，思想高度集中。”?6 这里我们可以参照《哈农钢琴练指法》将五声调式套用进去。例如哈农练习的第一首: 谱例三: 原哈农练习: 套用五声调式后的练习: 按照这样的套用，可将哈农练习的1至30首(除第20首)的练习都变为五声调式的五指练习。套用后的练习不仅能够完成哈农练习中标记的指法练习目标，还可以提高2、3指，3、4指，4、5指的运用和跨越较长距离的能力。 另外，还有必要将所有的哈农练习移调后进行练习。不仅仅是改变宫音的位置，还应在所有的同宫系统调上进行练习。这样练习的目的是“使手指顺应键盘位置的高低变化”?7，在各种不同的位置上得到平稳弹奏的效果。 3、一个八度以上的五声调式音阶练习 我们知道，五指练习只是初步地训练手指，要应对中高难度的曲目，必须将练习的范围扩大到一个八度以上。 在这里，练习的难点是怎样从第一个八度向第二个八度的过渡。 一般来讲，音阶的指法在进入第二个八度时，各音的指法应与第一个八度相同，以保证在更多的八度进行上连续不断。 五声调式音阶也可遵循此规律，如谱例所示: 右手从1指弹宫音起，在第二个八度的宫音时仍用1指。这里，羽音到宫音的音程为三度，是一个相对较长的距离，同时羽音是用5指弹奏，而第二个八度的宫音必须回到1指。这两个音的连奏是练习的难点。练习好5指到1的转换是弹好中高级难度曲目的关键。 当然我们也同样可以按照一个三音组与一个二音组的顺序，用转指的办法将两个音组连接起来。如谱例四 这里要解决的难点是，右手1指在穿过3指，2指时，要跨越那两对距离较长的三度音程。熟练地练习好这一练习内容对弹好中高级难度的曲目也是很有帮助的。 一个八度以上的练习也要移至所有不同的宫调式和同宫系统各调练习。还可在练习到四个八度时进行双手的反向练习。达到全面掌握，运用自如的练习目的。 4、其它练习五声调式音阶的方法。 “集中的手指练习可以事半功倍。但它太机械，总是一个式样在模进，与实际在乐曲中的技术片断相去实在太远，也不易从中取得应变的经验。”?8 所以，在学习中不仅要进行单纯的手指练习，还可以有目的、有针对性地将某些乐曲中典型的五声调式性质的经过句单独抽出来，当作手指练习或者准备练习。如陈培勋改编的《平湖extraction processes, production of pollution-free, high value-added products, fully meet the State environmental requirements. Four five-year relaxation and rest, achievements in concentrated bursts. In five years, 135 organized scientific research and technological innovation projects, promote scientific and technological research and development investment of 630 million Yuan. 26 key projects included in the national and provincial research and development projects, 32 new scientific and technological results of municipal-level science and technology progress award, first prize for 5. Ruixing group "biomass-based nutrient and microbial resistant and efficient construction of new system in urea production and industrialization", the 2015 annual provincial science and technology progress award, which the company won the provincial science and technology progress Award for four consecutive years. Increasing number of patent applications, in 2015, the County reached 168 invention patent applications, an increase of 143.5%, increase the city's 1th, patents for inventions accounted 33.9%, ranking the 3rd place in the city, run-silver bio-3 companies in the provincial intellectual property advantage enterprise. XX group development of atmospheric continuous desulfurization equipment included "province first Taiwan sets extraction processes, production of pollution-free, high value-added products, fully meet the State environmental requirements. Four five-year relaxation and rest, achievements in concentrated bursts. In five years, 135 organized scientific research and technological innovation projects, promote scientific and technological research and development investment of 630 million Yuan. 26 key projects included in the national and provincial research and development projects, 32 new scientific and technological results of municipal-level science and technology progress award, first prize for 5. Ruixing group "biomass-based nutrient and microbial resistant and efficient construction of new system in urea production and industrialization", the 2015 annual provincial science and technology progress award, which the company won the provincial science and technology progress Award for four consecutive years. Increasing number of patent applications, in 2015, the County reached 168 invention patent applications, an increase of 143.5%, increase the city's 1th, patents for inventions accounted 33.9%, ranking the 3rd place in the city, run-silver bio-3 companies in the provincial intellectual property advantage enterprise. XX group development of atmospheric continuous desulfurization equipment included "province first Taiwan sets 秋月》中就有大量五声调式性质的伴奏音型。将这些固定的音型抽出来，就可以作为手指训练的基本练习供两只手共同练习。 同时，还应当学习一些作曲家专门为五声调式写的练习曲，如杜鸣心作于1955年的《练习曲》，还有薛维恩2000年出版的《中国五声音阶钢琴练习曲》。这些曲目不仅能让我们练习手指技巧，还能够培养乐感的 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 达。学习练习曲更有助于我们学习演奏乐曲。 总之，练习的方法是多种多样的，每个人都能根据自身的需要编写一些短小、实用的练习，训练手指技巧。但最终目的不是为了单纯地训练技巧，因为熟练的技巧还是要为表达音乐的艺术内涵服务的。 四、总结 通过以上叙述，我们认识到，能够将五声调式音阶作为一项与自然大调、和声小调、旋律小调等音阶基本练习同样基础的练习内容进行学习，它对于我们训练手指技巧和演奏中国风格的钢琴作品都是大有裨益的。 本文对五声调式音阶的练习还只是一个初步地认识，远不够细致、深入。希望能够通过不断地学习和实践，更进一步地了解五声调式音阶的练习方法和练习效果。 ------------------------------------------ 钢琴教学可分为启蒙，初级，中级和高级四个阶段，各阶段的学习内容通常包括基本练习，练习曲，复调作品，乐曲几大类。作为基础练习，目前仍然是车尔尼的作品最为系统，如《钢琴初步教程》599，《24首左手练习》718，《钢琴流畅练习曲》849，《钢琴快速练习曲》299，《钢琴练习曲50首》等。 车尔尼是19世纪上半叶维也纳钢琴演奏学派的代表人物，他所写的大量练习曲是针对古典作品演奏技术，即“古典技术”训练的，主要是手指的颗粒、均匀、快速，对左手的训练较为薄弱，因此期间必须增加各类作曲家的联系曲目作为补充。这些教材可以根据学生的实际情况，有针对性地选择，穿插进行，不能一味的依次一条条的弹下去。 儿童的启蒙阶段 在目前较流行的儿童启蒙教材中大致可分为三种五线谱入门型，即高音谱表入门法，中央c入门法，多音入门法。传统的启蒙教材《拜尔钢琴基本教程》用的就是高音谱表入门法，目前在国内广泛应用的《汤普森浅易钢琴教程》1-5册用的是中央c入门法。 李斐岚，董钢锐编著的《幼儿钢琴教程》采用了以中央c为主的入门法，突破了以往此类教材的音域局限，从3指开始学重量落下，逐步扩大到其余各个手指的方法已被公认为最好的方法。 冯?德?魏尔德:《陶梅格?露丝》系列。这一幼儿系列较注意引起幼儿的兴趣，从小培养他们具有良好的乐感。 柯达依:《钢琴学校》第一册。 巴托克:《小宇宙》。这是一本非常重要的入门课本。因为它的五指位置包括种种非大调或小调结构的五指排列，有助于学生及早接触黑键及各种调式，含有许多复调模仿级对位因素。 齐格勒:《钢琴教本》第一册。该 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 的特点是先听后弹，耳朵领先。 special welcome of is, XX Group also get has 2015 years Mayor quality award, showed that has has is strong of innovation capacity; Shandong Mo Shang source forest "cloud green Huai new varieties industrialization development" was as Shandong province 2015 years West economic uplift with focus development plans; nine Xin day of development of Chinese God SOAP, and Chinese God water, high-end day of products, became County development new highlights, in domestic also caused sensation. Five five years perseverance, talent highlight scene. Build XX, Shanghai, Guangdong, introducing only three workstations, widely implement "Golden Bridge project", a total of 32,000 people importing all kinds of talent, intelligence, and in particular the introduction of the Chinese Academy of engineering, XX University of chemical Tan tianwei, the "thousand person plan" expert-Guo Xin, domestic and foreign medical experts-Dr Wang Chuanhua and high-end talent in America. Among them, Dr Wang chuan-Hua was awarded the provincial government "province's Taishan industry leading talent" honor, Is the city's only overseas science and technology industry leaders, and provincial and municipal entrepreneurship support fund of 3 million Yuan. Rising part-time research scientists Zhu Qing of the Group increased, leading new materials research and development team, to focus on the more high-tech projects research, 2015 was awarded the XX city "Tarzan and leaders of excellence" honors. Two top talent is the embodiment of achievement in my talents over the years. Personnel training has intensified. Strong integration of various training resources, vigorously implement the "advanced training Enterprise talents" "resettlement and practical training", "travel professionals in action" e-commerce "Yu CAI" four personnel training project. Only in 2015, training immigrants with practical skills, tourism professionals and other professionals at all levels to 64,000 people extraction processes, production of pollution-free, high value-added products, fully meet the State environmental requirements. Four five-year relaxation and rest, achievements in concentrated bursts. In five years, 135 organized scientific research and technological innovation projects, promote scientific and technological research and development investment of 630 million Yuan. 26 key projects included in the national and provincial research and development projects, 32 new scientific and technological results of municipal-level science and technology progress award, first prize for 5. Ruixing group "biomass-based nutrient and microbial resistant and efficient construction of new system in urea production and industrialization", the 2015 annual provincial science and technology progress award, which the company won the provincial science and technology progress Award for four consecutive years. Increasing number of patent applications, in 2015, the County reached 168 invention patent applications, an increase of 143.5%, increase the city's 1th, patents for inventions accounted 33.9%, ranking the 3rd place in the city, run-silver bio-3 companies in the provincial intellectual property advantage enterprise. XX group development of atmospheric continuous desulfurization equipment included "province first Taiwan sets 勋格勒:《钢琴教室》第一册。 狄贝阿里:《二十八首联弹练习曲》中较容易的，越早让学生进行四首联弹训练，越有利于养成用耳朵听辨声部与互相配合的习惯。 钢琴教学的初级阶段 一、钢琴教学初级阶段的练习曲 这个阶段的学习内容相当于从车尔尼的《钢琴初步教程》599到车尔尼的《钢琴流畅练习曲》849。 1、车尔尼的《钢琴初步教程》599 这是我国钢琴初级阶段教学运用极为广泛的教材之一。全书可分为三个部分。第一部分是57首以前这部分是巩固手型，训练手指独立性的联系，要求弹奏放松、自然、联系速度以慢速中速为主。 第二部分是58~79首。58首到70首饰训练快速练习，这里的快速是针对前阶段而言的，在学生走法正确的基础上要求初步加快速度。71首~79首是带装饰音与不带装饰音的旋律练习。练习时先慢速，把节奏弹准确，弹平均，双手对齐，在稍微加快。这部分又是旋律练习要注意乐谱上的表情术语及力度术语，注意分局、呼吸、旋律的连贯与歌唱。 第三部分是80首到结束，是综合新的练习，无论音型、节奏型、音阶琶音类和双音练习都比前面丰富，;练习时不仅要弹准确，还要注意音乐起伏，作出力度，速度变化。 2、车尔尼《钢琴简易练习曲》139 这是从599过渡到849的教材之一。139的教材编排不如599集中，可以选择与599不同类型的曲目。在599到50首左右就可以交叉使用。 3、车尔尼《24首钢琴左手练习曲》718 这是全部为左手而写的练习，内容有音阶，琶音型、五指型、分解和弦等，学习顺序要灵活掌握，对于手小的学生，可以先学音阶型或五指型的曲目，八度练习暂缓。 4、车尔尼《160首八小节钢琴练习曲》821 本教材不仅技术类型较丰富，而且难度跨度大，包含了从初级程度到高级程度的练习。每一首只有8小节，技术课题非常集中，尤其适合一些其他课业多，练习时间较少的学生使用。 5、莱蒙《钢琴练习曲》37(又译为“勒穆瓦纳”) 全书共50首，由浅入深。他的特点是较多的左手练习，双手比较均衡。可以弥补车尔尼练习曲中偏重右手的不足之处。 6、布格缪勒《简易练习曲25首》100，《练习18首》109 这两集练习曲都是有标题的小曲，形象鲜明，手法简洁，旋律优美动听，音乐性较强，非常适合初学者学习。在599到50首左右时，可以逐步选用作品100的曲目。 作品109在技术上比作100难，篇幅也大些。在进入车尔尼的849后可以选用。 7、车尔尼的《流畅练习曲》849 从599到849是初级阶段的前期进入到初级阶段的后期。849共30首，每一首的技术内容基本上不重复。在选用时要具体 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 每首练习的难点，考虑技术的“过渡”问题。 849与599，139不同之处是每首曲子有了速度标记，根据849教材的标题，应当做到演奏流畅，尽可能按要求的速度去弹，为下一步中级阶段作准备。 8、赫尔契伯格编《趣味钢琴技巧》 extraction processes, production of pollution-free, high value-added products, fully meet the State environmental requirements. Four five-year relaxation and rest, achievements in concentrated bursts. In five years, 135 organized scientific research and technological innovation projects, promote scientific and technological research and development investment of 630 million Yuan. 26 key projects included in the national and provincial research and development projects, 32 new scientific and technological results of municipal-level science and technology progress award, first prize for 5. Ruixing group "biomass-based nutrient and microbial resistant and efficient construction of new system in urea production and industrialization", the 2015 annual provincial science and technology progress award, which the company won the provincial science and technology progress Award for four consecutive years. Increasing number of patent applications, in 2015, the County reached 168 invention patent applications, an increase of 143.5%, increase the city's 1th, patents for inventions accounted 33.9%, ranking the 3rd place in the city, run-silver bio-3 companies in the provincial intellectual property advantage enterprise. XX group development of atmospheric continuous desulfurization equipment included "province first Taiwan sets extraction processes, production of pollution-free, high value-added products, fully meet the State environmental requirements. Four five-year relaxation and rest, achievements in concentrated bursts. In five years, 135 organized scientific research and technological innovation projects, promote scientific and technological research and development investment of 630 million Yuan. 26 key projects included in the national and provincial research and development projects, 32 new scientific and technological results of municipal-level science and technology progress award, first prize for 5. Ruixing group "biomass-based nutrient and microbial resistant and efficient construction of new system in urea production and industrialization", the 2015 annual provincial science and technology progress award, which the company won the provincial science and technology progress Award for four consecutive years. Increasing number of patent applications, in 2015, the County reached 168 invention patent applications, an increase of 143.5%, increase the city's 1th, patents for inventions accounted 33.9%, ranking the 3rd place in the city, run-silver bio-3 companies in the provincial intellectual property advantage enterprise. XX group development of atmospheric continuous desulfurization equipment included "province first Taiwan sets 从预备到第五册，由浅入深。编者从几十位作曲家的作品中选择了一些旋律优美而短小的练习曲，每首都有标题，并在标题下给予明确的提示和要求。技术类型比较全面，又由于作曲家各自不同的风格特点，因此，曲目丰富多彩，是一套生动有效的教材。 二、初级阶段的复调 复调作品的特点，是左右手不同声部、不同旋律同时进行，在节奏、重音、力度、句法、旋律、起伏等方面既有内在的联系，又各自独立。对于训练大脑的多维思维，节奏感、左右手的独立性等都是很好的教材。 1、巴赫《初步钢琴曲集》 这本教材共28首，是巴赫为其妻子安娜?玛格达蕾娜写的练习小曲，是初级阶段比学的内容。 2、巴赫《小前奏曲与赋格曲》 这是适用于巴赫《钢琴初步曲集》与《创意曲集》只见的教材。 3、中国作品 中国作品中有一些较简单的复调作品，采用了广大群众熟悉的民歌作为主题，比如王震亚的《沂蒙山小调》，陈静荠《浏阳河》，黎英海《盼红军》、《花鼓调》、陈铭志《子弟兵与老百姓》等。 三、钢琴初级阶段的乐曲 1、汤普森《现代钢琴教程》 这是一套内容极为丰富的教材，由浅入深共五册。除了简易的钢琴曲外，还精选了大量歌剧、芭蕾舞剧、交响乐等世界名曲的改编曲，其中包括巴赫、莫杂特、贝多芬、肖邦、李斯特等著名音乐家的作。在每首作品前，或介绍作曲家，或介绍乐曲特点，或讲解音乐常识，或支出联系药店，使学生在学每一首曲子的同时，获得更多的知识，提高音乐素养。由于乐曲形象生动，深受学生的喜爱。 2、威尔《世界儿童钢琴名曲集》 这是一本深受国内外儿童喜爱的曲集，其中都是简化了的世界名曲，在训练技术的同时，培养学生对音乐的感受和表达能力。 3、《钢琴小奏鸣曲大全》 小奏鸣曲是我国钢琴教学中运用较为广泛的内容之一。这本大全收入了海顿、克列门第、库劳、莫杂特、杜舍克、贝多芬、迪亚贝里、卡巴列夫斯基、格季凯等大师的小奏鸣曲共48首。程度相当于599后部，849前部到299。 4、《少年儿童钢琴曲选》(1949~1979) 1979年，为了展现建国30周年我国音乐创作的成就，中国音乐家协会在国庆前选编出版了两套中国作品集，这本《曲选》是器乐作品选中的少年儿童钢琴曲专辑。 5、中国风格《儿童钢琴曲选》 由人民因与出版社编辑部编的这本曲集共91首，有适合启蒙阶段程度的小曲。 6、少年儿童《钢琴四首联弹曲集》 四首联弹是一种非常好的教学形式，可以训练学生的听觉与合作能力。并且因为四只手弹比两只手弹更丰富，能提高学生的学习兴趣与练习的积极性。本曲集所选的19首曲子，都是以儿童熟悉的歌曲及乐曲改编而成的。 special welcome of is, XX Group also get has 2015 years Mayor quality award, showed that has has is strong of innovation capacity; Shandong Mo Shang source forest "cloud green Huai new varieties industrialization development" was as Shandong province 2015 years West economic uplift with focus development plans; nine Xin day of development of Chinese God SOAP, and Chinese God water, high-end day of products, became County development new highlights, in domestic also caused sensation. Five five years perseverance, talent highlight scene. Build XX, Shanghai, Guangdong, introducing only three workstations, widely implement "Golden Bridge project", a total of 32,000 people importing all kinds of talent, intelligence, and in particular the introduction of the Chinese Academy of engineering, XX University of chemical Tan tianwei, the "thousand person plan" expert-Guo Xin, domestic and foreign medical experts-Dr Wang Chuanhua and high-end talent in America. Among them, Dr Wang chuan-Hua was awarded the provincial government "province's Taishan industry leading talent" honor, Is the city's only overseas science and technology industry leaders, and provincial and municipal entrepreneurship support fund of 3 million Yuan. Rising part-time research scientists Zhu Qing of the Group increased, leading new materials research and development team, to focus on the more high-tech projects research, 2015 was awarded the XX city "Tarzan and leaders of excellence" honors. Two top talent is the embodiment of achievement in my talents over the years. Personnel training has intensified. Strong integration of various training resources, vigorously implement the "advanced training Enterprise talents" "resettlement and practical training", "travel professionals in action" e-commerce "Yu CAI" four personnel training project. Only in 2015, training immigrants with practical skills, tourism professionals and other professionals at all levels to 64,000 people extraction processes, production of pollution-free, high value-added products, fully meet the State environmental requirements. Four five-year relaxation and rest, achievements in concentrated bursts. In five years, 135 organized scientific research and technological innovation projects, promote scientific and technological research and development investment of 630 million Yuan. 26 key projects included in the national and provincial research and development projects, 32 new scientific and technological results of municipal-level science and technology progress award, first prize for 5. Ruixing group "biomass-based nutrient and microbial resistant and efficient construction of new system in urea production and industrialization", the 2015 annual provincial science and technology progress award, which the company won the provincial science and technology progress Award for four consecutive years. Increasing number of patent applications, in 2015, the County reached 168 invention patent applications, an increase of 143.5%, increase the city's 1th, patents for inventions accounted 33.9%, ranking the 3rd place in the city, run-silver bio-3 companies in the provincial intellectual property advantage enterprise. XX group development of atmospheric continuous desulfurization equipment included "province first Taiwan sets 乐曲的范围很广，相应的教材也很多，如老柴的《少年钢琴曲集》舒曼的《儿童组曲》《少年曲集》。全音乐谱出版社出版的《您喜爱的钢琴百曲集》第1、2集(共6集)，中央音乐学院钢琴系编的《少年儿童外国钢琴曲选》第1、2集，(共6集)，都可以广泛的选用。 钢琴教学的中级阶段 钢琴教学的中级阶段是一个比较长的阶段，其中车尔尼《钢琴快速练习曲》作品299程度与车尔尼《钢琴练习曲50首》作品740程度可视为两个台阶。从车尔尼《钢琴流畅练习曲》作品849过渡到299，再从299进入740，中间必须穿插根中各样的练习曲目作为铺垫，特别是740，技术课题很多，无论难度、速度、都不是那么容易掌握的。 这个阶段要进一步加强手指的独立性与灵活性，使手指能快速、均匀、有力地跑动;学习不同的触键，增强指尖的灵敏度，弹奏出不同层次的音色变化;进一步训练手指、手腕、手臂三者的相互配合，逐步掌握各种专门技术。随着技术的提高，曲目范围的扩大，要学习掌握不同时期作品的风格，重视音乐表达能力的培养，在演奏中恰当的运用这些技术来表现音乐。 一、钢琴教学中级阶段的练习曲 1、车尔尼《25首钢琴小手练习曲》748 对于达到中级成度，而手还小的学生来说，这本教材非常适宜，因为曲目中双音最大的跨度为7度。比起车尔尼其他一些简易练习曲来748增加了左手练习，音乐性也更强。 2、车尔尼《钢琴手指灵巧的初步练习曲》636 这是一本比较机械的练习曲集。共24首，每首的篇幅较小可以把它作为进入299的快速练习准备。 3、车尔尼《160首八小节钢琴练习曲》821 初级阶段中已作了介绍，此阶段可在第2、3集里适当选用。 4、车尔尼《钢琴快速练习曲》299 这是本阶段柱教材之一。全书共40首，分为4集，每集10首。学习时应当根据学生的际情况 和不同阶段又针对地加以选择，不要机械的一条条顺着弹。 练习299时要在读谱仔细、方法正确、弹奏熟练的基础上加快速度，力求手指颗粒感、清晰度、均匀有力的基本技术都有明显提高。同时，特别要注意训练快速跑动中有意识地训练手腕、手臂与手指的配合。 5、克拉莫《60首钢琴练习曲》 本书注重同时发展左右手的技术，每一首篇幅不大，技术类型集中，包括各种单音、双音、保留音的练习。全书一半以上都是以一种技术类型，分别在左右手训练，为左右手的手指独立性、颗粒性、准确性、灵敏性和加强收拾力量的训练提供了更大的可能。 6、车尔尼《钢琴练习曲50首》740 这是中级阶段最高的程度，这本练习曲包含了各种基本技术和专门技巧。在练740时，除了正确熟练等基本要求外，速度上一定要突破。这是，一首练习曲不是短期能完成的往往需要一至两个月或更长的时间。要讲究练习方法，高 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 ，反复练，使技术有一个飞跃。如果能extraction processes, production of pollution-free, high value-added products, fully meet the State environmental requirements. Four five-year relaxation and rest, achievements in concentrated bursts. In five years, 135 organized scientific research and technological innovation projects, promote scientific and technological research and development investment of 630 million Yuan. 26 key projects included in the national and provincial research and development projects, 32 new scientific and technological results of municipal-level science and technology progress award, first prize for 5. Ruixing group "biomass-based nutrient and microbial resistant and efficient construction of new system in urea production and industrialization", the 2015 annual provincial science and technology progress award, which the company won the provincial science and technology progress Award for four consecutive years. Increasing number of patent applications, in 2015, the County reached 168 invention patent applications, an increase of 143.5%, increase the city's 1th, patents for inventions accounted 33.9%, ranking the 3rd place in the city, run-silver bio-3 companies in the provincial intellectual property advantage enterprise. XX group development of atmospheric continuous desulfurization equipment included "province first Taiwan sets extraction processes, production of pollution-free, high value-added products, fully meet the State environmental requirements. Four five-year relaxation and rest, achievements in concentrated bursts. In five years, 135 organized scientific research and technological innovation projects, promote scientific and technological research and development investment of 630 million Yuan. 26 key projects included in the national and provincial research and development projects, 32 new scientific and technological results of municipal-level science and technology progress award, first prize for 5. Ruixing group "biomass-based nutrient and microbial resistant and efficient construction of new system in urea production and industrialization", the 2015 annual provincial science and technology progress award, which the company won the provincial science and technology progress Award for four consecutive years. Increasing number of patent applications, in 2015, the County reached 168 invention patent applications, an increase of 143.5%, increase the city's 1th, patents for inventions accounted 33.9%, ranking the 3rd place in the city, run-silver bio-3 companies in the provincial intellectual property advantage enterprise. XX group development of atmospheric continuous desulfurization equipment included "province first Taiwan sets 够将740中的各种技术类型的练习曲都演奏得很出色的话，就能顺利地进入高级阶段的学习。 二、钢琴教学的中级阶段复调作品 以巴赫的《创意曲集》为主，同时可以学习《法国组曲》以及部分《平均律钢琴曲集》作品。 1、《创意曲集》 分二声部与三声部，各15首。学习二声部创意曲，可以选音符与节奏都稍微简单些得先练，如1、4、8、13。 比起二声部三声部的要难得多。首先要抓住主题，脑子里对三个声部的进行要很清楚，然后收支要控制好不同声部的力度对比和音色对比。可以先练6、2、7、1、15。 2、《法国组曲》 这是巴赫于1720年~1724年间完成的古组曲题材的作品，共六组。他的基本结构是由四首速度和节拍不同的舞曲，按一定顺序组成，这四种舞曲是阿列曼德、库朗特、萨拉班德和基格，他们的调性统一每一组前三首的顺序是固定不变的，而在萨拉班德与基格之间，则可插入“小步舞曲”、“旋律”、“加伏特”等其他舞曲或乐曲。这六组中唯一不同的是第四组，在阿列曼德前面多了一首前奏曲。据说“法国组曲”这个名称不是巴赫本人所提，是因为作品的典雅风格类似法国风味而得。 3、巴赫《平均律钢琴曲集》 平均律师一种调律方法，简而言之，就是将8度音程平均分为十二个半音。在巴赫的时代，所使用的调律法节本上是纯律，这很不利于转调，虽然平均律的调律法曾被提出，但直到巴赫才真正运用。《平均律钢琴曲集》的标题用巴赫亲自题的。 《平均律钢琴曲集》共两集，每集24首，是根据十二个半音的规律，由c大调开始，依次以半音进行，每个音用大，小调分别写一字前奏曲与赋格曲，故24首。这部巨著式复调音乐创作的顶峰，被誉为钢琴音乐的“圣经”------“旧约圣经”。 三、钢琴教学的中级阶段的乐曲 1、莫扎特《钢琴奏鸣曲集》 莫扎特一生创作出版了20首钢琴奏鸣曲，在他全部钢琴音乐创作中占有重要位置，也是钢琴教学中学习古典时期音乐的重要教材。 莫扎特的钢琴奏鸣曲多数由三个乐章组成，因各乐章的程度并不完全一致，学习可以先练习技术上音乐上缴容易得乐章，最后再练习全部乐章，学习大型作品的整体把握。 2、肖邦的《圆舞曲集》 肖邦的圆舞曲创作从他的学生时代开始，一直延续到生命的最后。圆舞曲在肖邦的全部创作中，虽然不像波洛涅兹舞曲和马祖卡舞曲那样重要，但却以通俗、华丽的织体，优美、动人special welcome of is, XX Group also get has 2015 years Mayor quality award, showed that has has is strong of innovation capacity; Shandong Mo Shang source forest "cloud green Huai new varieties industrialization development" was as Shandong province 2015 years West economic uplift with focus development plans; nine Xin day of development of Chinese God SOAP, and Chinese God water, high-end day of products, became County development new highlights, in domestic also caused sensation. Five five years perseverance, talent highlight scene. Build XX, Shanghai, Guangdong, introducing only three workstations, widely implement "Golden Bridge project", a total of 32,000 people importing all kinds of talent, intelligence, and in particular the introduction of the Chinese Academy of engineering, XX University of chemical Tan tianwei, the "thousand person plan" expert-Guo Xin, domestic and foreign medical experts-Dr Wang Chuanhua and high-end talent in America. Among them, Dr Wang chuan-Hua was awarded the provincial government "province's Taishan industry leading talent" honor, Is the city's only overseas science and technology industry leaders, and provincial and municipal entrepreneurship support fund of 3 million Yuan. Rising part-time research scientists Zhu Qing of the Group increased, leading new materials research and development team, to focus on the more high-tech projects research, 2015 was awarded the XX city "Tarzan and leaders of excellence" honors. Two top talent is the embodiment of achievement in my talents over the years. Personnel training has intensified. Strong integration of various training resources, vigorously implement the "advanced training Enterprise talents" "resettlement and practical training", "travel professionals in action" e-commerce "Yu CAI" four personnel training project. Only in 2015, training immigrants with practical skills, tourism professionals and other professionals at all levels to 64,000 people extraction processes, production of pollution-free, high value-added products, fully meet the State environmental requirements. Four five-year relaxation and rest, achievements in concentrated bursts. In five years, 135 organized scientific research and technological innovation projects, promote scientific and technological research and development investment of 630 million Yuan. 26 key projects included in the national and provincial research and development projects, 32 new scientific and technological results of municipal-level science and technology progress award, first prize for 5. Ruixing group "biomass-based nutrient and microbial resistant and efficient construction of new system in urea production and industrialization", the 2015 annual provincial science and technology progress award, which the company won the provincial science and technology progress Award for four consecutive years. Increasing number of patent applications, in 2015, the County reached 168 invention patent applications, an increase of 143.5%, increase the city's 1th, patents for inventions accounted 33.9%, ranking the 3rd place in the city, run-silver bio-3 companies in the provincial intellectual property advantage enterprise. XX group development of atmospheric continuous desulfurization equipment included "province first Taiwan sets 的旋律和激昂、振奋的节奏深受钢琴音乐爱好者的青睐。 3、肖邦的《夜曲》 肖邦的夜曲是一种独放异彩的钢琴体裁，情感充实、思想丰富、织体多彩，是肖邦如诗的音乐的集中体现。学习肖邦的夜曲是学会让钢琴歌唱的最有效的途径。 4、格里格《抒情钢琴小品》 挪威作曲家格里格的《抒情小品》共10集，人民音乐出版社的曲集是从这十集里精选出来的。 5、门德尔松《无词歌》 门德尔松共写了49首无词歌，书中收入的是48首，分为8集，每集6首。乐曲充满了清新、优雅抒情的气息，时而轻快活泼、时而优美秀丽，时而哀怨忧伤。这是一本丰富多彩的、如歌谣般的钢琴曲集。 6、舒伯特的《即兴曲》 舒伯特的《即兴曲》共8首。作品90和作品142各4首。他的作品旋律流畅，和声运用自由，转调特别多，常用的有作品90之2、之4。作品142之2、之3、之4。 7、柴科夫斯基《四季》 这是作曲家受彼得堡一家杂志只约，按月为该杂志刊登的12首诗所写的钢琴独奏曲。每一首都有标题，最著名的是六月-----《船歌》和十一月-----《雪橇》。 中级程度前期可选学四月-----《松雪草》、五月------《清静之夜》、三月------《云雀之歌》，后期可选六月-----《船歌》、十月------《秋之歌》、十一月-------《雪橇》几首。 8、贝多芬《钢琴奏鸣曲集》 贝多芬共写了32首钢琴奏鸣曲，被称为钢琴音乐的“新约全书”，是学习古典音乐的必修教材。贝多芬的钢琴奏鸣曲分为3个时期，1794年~1800年创作的13首是第一时期，为早期风格;1801年~1804年是第二时期，也是作曲家创作的全盛时期，共有14首;最后五首尾晚期作品。中级阶段主要学习第一时期的奏鸣曲，也可以选用一些第二时期的作品练习。 9、魏廷格主编的《中国钢琴名曲曲库》 中国钢琴作品创作的历史虽不长，但是从我国第一首钢琴曲------赵元任先生1915年创作的《和平进行曲》到现在，特别是70年代以后，出现了大批好作品。由魏廷格、李明俊、许明共同编订，由我国著名音乐家贺绿汀提名这套“曲库”是我国第一套比较系统，内容丰富的中国钢琴曲集，一共4卷，95部作品(其中包括组曲)，可供独奏选用的140多首。 以上介绍的是专辑，另外，在一些综合曲选中也有不少好的曲目，如人民音乐出版社编的《外国钢琴曲选》(一)中 参考资料:以上所有内容出自赵晓生《钢琴演奏之道》 extraction processes, production of pollution-free, high value-added products, fully meet the State environmental requirements. Four five-year relaxation and rest, achievements in concentrated bursts. In five years, 135 organized scientific research and technological innovation projects, promote scientific and technological research and development investment of 630 million Yuan. 26 key projects included in the national and provincial research and development projects, 32 new scientific and technological results of municipal-level science and technology progress award, first prize for 5. Ruixing group "biomass-based nutrient and microbial resistant and efficient construction of new system in urea production and industrialization", the 2015 annual provincial science and technology progress award, which the company won the provincial science and technology progress Award for four consecutive years. Increasing number of patent applications, in 2015, the County reached 168 invention patent applications, an increase of 143.5%, increase the city's 1th, patents for inventions accounted 33.9%, ranking the 3rd place in the city, run-silver bio-3 companies in the provincial intellectual property advantage enterprise. XX group development of atmospheric continuous desulfurization equipment included "province first Taiwan sets