英语教育实习参考教案

Unit One Hit the Nail on the Head I. Aims and requirements 1. An rhetorical device: analogy 2. How to write / choose a topic not too big                                  time Narrow your subject considering  place not too general                                aspect II. Modes in teaching 1. interactive activity 2. individual presentation 3. group argument 4. interactive comment III. Important points 1.vocabulary 2.paraphrasing 3.organization and outline 4.main idea of the article IV. Teaching Procedure Session One (two periods, 100 mins) PRE-CLASS WORK I． Pre-reading Questions 1. Hit the nail on the head = exactly right in words or action Useful Expressions: Hardware: lock, padlock, bolt, keyhole, hinge, rivet, screwdriver, spanner vise, saw, plane, Head: the head of the table = the end of a table usually occupied by the host/hostess, the head over heels/ears = with one’s body turned upside down somebody’s head rolls = somebody is executed or assassinated one’s head rules = wisdom, commonsense, caution or self-interest, determines one’s conduct one’s head swells = one thinks very highly of oneself head to tail = placed, or following each other II． Dictionary Work 1. drive something home = force (the nail) into the right place; make something unmistakably clear 2. deft = effortlessly skilful 3. scrupulous = painstaking, meticulous 4. subtle = hardly noticeable 5. far afield = very far away 6. rife = widespread, common 7. leader = British English for newspaper editorial 8. coercion = pressure, compulsion 9. epitomize = be typical of; serve as the typical example of 10. disprove = prove to be contrary; refute 11. expire = die, pass away; come to an end 12. indigent = poverty-stricken, penniless III． Library Work 1. Gustave Flaubert (1821-1880), French novelist, was associated with, thought not representative of , the movement of naturalism and known as one of the greatest realists of nineteenth-century France. He devoted his life to long hours spent in heavy toil over his work.. His writing is marked by exactness and accuracy of observation, extreme impersonality and objectivity of treatment, and precision and expressiveness in style, or the principle of “the mot juste”. 2. Mrs. Malaprop is a famous character in Sheridan’s comedy The Rivals (1775). She is noted for her blunders in the use of words. “As headstrong as an allegory (alligator) on the banks of the Nile” is one of her grotesque misapplications. She also requests that no delusions (allusions) to the past be made. She has given us the word malapropism as a name for such mistakes. 3.Hindi is a literary and official language of northern India. Swahili is a Bentu language that is a trade the governmental language over much of East Africa and in the Congo region. Bantus are people belonging to a group of tribes found in equatorial and southern Africa. 4.Carpenter The chief work of the carpenter is to cut, shape, and fasten lumber, timbers, and other materials according to the intention of the designer. Building plans show dimensions and locations, but rarely give the carpenter all the necessary information. A carpenter must draw on experience and ingenuity of many part of the job. Most carpenters work in crews of general contractors or a re employed as maintenance workers in buildings, factories, or institutions. 5. Christmas is the festival celebrating the birth of Christ. In most countries it is observed on December 25. Christian churches throughout the world hold special services on Christmas Day to give thinks for the birth of Christ. In addition to religious observances, Christmas is a time of merrymaking and feasting. Wherever Christmas is celebrated, there is a spirit of kindness and giving, in keeping with the Biblical message: Glory to God in the highest; and on earth peace, good will toward men. 6. Dickens, Charles (1812-1870), an English novelist. He tried in his work not only to entertain but to bring about social reforms. In his novels Dickens attacked such evils as poorhouses, unjust courts, greedy employers, faulty schools, and imprisonment for debt. 7. Shakespeare, William (1564-1616), an English poet and playwright. He has long been recognized as the world’s finest dramatist and a poet of high rank, and most modern critics consider him the world’s greatest literary figure. His plays have been translated into all major languages and numerous minor ones; performed repeatedly in almost every country; and in Europe and America staged oftener than those of any other playwright. His plays have been made into motion picture, radio, and television productions and have formed the basis for operas and musicals. TEACHING POINTS FOR REFERENCE 1. hitting it … squarely on the head — hitting it directly on the head Squarely, meaning “directly”, may be used both literally and figuratively. Examples: The boxer hit his opponent squarely on the jaw. We must face the difficulty squarely. 2.an apt phrase — a very suitable phrase. An example using apt: He made an apt remark that broke the silence. Apt may also mean “having a tendency to do something” or “likely”. Example: He is apt to lose patience when his question is not answered. 3. scrupulous writers — writers who are thorough, exact, and who pay careful attention to details 一丝不苟的作家 Unscrupulous不择手段的，肆无忌惮的，the opposite of scrupulous, seems to be more often used to describe people who do not care about honesty and fairness in getting what they want, or who are completely without principles. 4. that constitutes his limitation — that makes up/forms his shortcoming or inability in certain respects Constitute, meaning “make up” or “form” , may be used in various contexts. Examples: England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland constitute the United Kingdom. Twelve months constitute a year. 5. your conception of the man is … sharper— your idea of the man is … more distinct Sharp, as an abjective, has various meanings in various collocations, e.g., a sharp (thin-edged) knife, sharp (keen) eyes, a sharp (shrill) voice, sharp (harsh) words, a sharp (severe) pain, among many others. 6. human and humane human — relating or characteristic of humankind or people humane — having or showing compassion or benevolence. Humane is an earlier form of human. The two words are of the same origin. 7.  selfishness 自私 cowardice 胆小 ignorance 无知 8. rife — widespread, common. Rife is an adjective used with something negative. Examples: Crime and violence were rife in this city before liberation. Diseases used to be rife in that county. 9.  singularity of mind 思想奇特 singleness of mind 思想专一,专心致志 10. draw aside — pull to one side. An example using draw aside: The sheet was drawn aside to reveal the patient’s ribs. draw aside may also mean “take somebody on one side (to talk to him quietly or confidentially). Example: The manager drew me aside and muttered something about security. Session Two (two periods,100 mins) Teaching Points: 1. Leader: British English for newspaper editorial a leader about 2. Coercion: government by force coerce, coercive 3. Epitomized: summarized 4. Hit on: come across, discover 5. Distill: to purify, especially some liquid distill the essence of… distillation 6. Fine shades of difference, tiny difference: little difference, subtle difference 7. Be alive to: be aware of, know fully well You may be alive to what is happening around you. 8. Marked difference: conspicuous difference 9. He expired in indigent circumstances: this is a very awkward sentence. Expire is often used to mean "reach the end of the period of time for which something is valid." Expire meaning "die" is a very formal use. 10. March: walk with firm regular steps, especially backwards and forwards Pace: walk with slow, steady steps, especially backwards and forwards Patrol: go at regular times round an area, building, etc. Stalk: walk stiffly, proudly, or with long steps Stride: walk with long steps or cross with one long step Tread on: step on Tramp: walk with firm heavy steps Step out: go outside or go somewhere Prance: move quickly, happily, or proudly with a springing step Strut: walk proudly or stiffly, especially with the chest pushed forward and trying to look important Prowl: move about an area quietly, trying not to be seen or heard Plod: walk slowly along Stroll: walk a short distance, slowly or lazily, especially for pleasure Shuffle: walk by dragging one's feet slowly along Stagger: walk or move unsteadily and with great difficulty, almost falling Sidle: move uncertainly or secretively, as if really to turn and go the other way Trudge: walk with heavy steps, slowly and with effort Toddle: walk with short, unsteady steps, as a small child does Ramble: go on a walk for enjoyment Roam: wander with not very clear purpose Saunter: walk with an unhurried way, and especially in a confident manner Meander: wander in a slow easy way Lounge: move in a leisurely, indolent manner Loiter: move slowly or keep stopping when one should be going forward Creep: move slowly, quietly, and carefully so as not to attract attention 11. take courage: feel hopeful and confident about something. We will take courage to overcome the difficulties. 12. Not in current use: obsolete Session Three (two periods,100 minutes) Text Analysis 1. Structure: Para. 1 Introduction    it is an analogy between the hammering of nails and the use of language to express oneself. A man with a poor command of a language, not sure what words to use to express himself, is just like a man clumsy with a hammer, unsuccessful in his effort to strike a nail right into a box. / A man with a good command of a language, just like a skillful carpenter who easily drives home the nail with a few firm, deft blows, will drive home his point firmly and exactly with the right words and expressions. Para. 2-3    The significance of finding the right words Paras. 4-7    Semantic difference between words sharing the same root Paras. 8    Wrong choice of words caused by failure to recognize their connotations Para. 9    stylistic differences between synonyms Para. 10    The abundance of specific words in English for general notions Pars. 11    Conclusion --- English has a large vocabulary, however, only around 12,000 words are used today. Thus choose the words precisely and exactly. 2. Analogy: 1) An analogy is a special kind of comparison and a more concrete way to explain things. It can help to make some vast, remote, abstract, or specialized thing clear. Of the two things being compared, one is an unfamiliar subject, usually a difficult or abstract subject the writer makes a point of clarifying, and the other a familiar subject, an easy subject the writer utilizes to help explain his unfamiliar subject. 2) Example: Exercises: 1. Oral practice: Use the way of analogy to illustrate your ideas of dormitory life/ your love for your parents/ the friendship between you and one of your best friends 2. Workbook: Paraphrase; Translation; Language Work. V. Feedback: 1. Students’ comprehension of HIT THE NAIL ON THE HAND is not complete and profound enough. 2. Analysis of figure of speech---analogy is not quite complete enough. 3. Some students are not quit comprehensible towards the ways to choose a topic. 5. In translation Some students are not clear about the usage of “drive sth. home” and “squarely”. Teacher should offer more examples to show their meaning and usage. 6. In language work, the differentiation of the synonymous words like loiter, ramble, tread is difficult for the students. Ask them to consult the dictionary and get familiar with examples provided in the dictionary. 7.Explain analogy in detail to students, assign the homework of writing a passage by using analogy to encourage them to employ this effective writing skill.