新华社中国贫富差距正逼近社会容忍红线

新华社中国贫富差距正逼近社会容忍红线 新华社:中国贫富差距正逼近社会容忍红线 贫富差距加大带来的诸多问题正日益成为社会各界关注的焦点。 中国经济网5月10日报道 近些年来，我国地区、城乡、行业、群体间的收入差距有所加大，分配格局失衡导致部分社会财富向少数人集中，收入差距已经超过基尼系数标志的警戒“红线”，由此带来的诸多问题正日益成为社会各界关注的焦点。 专家认为，当前我国收入分配己经走到亟须调整的“十字路口”，缩小贫富差距、解决分配不公问题十分迫切，必须像守住18亿亩耕地“红线”一样守住贫富差距的“红线”。 分配差距呈现“穷降富升” 从基尼系数看，我国贫富差距正在逼近社会容忍的“红线”。国家发改委宏观经济研究院教授常修泽介绍，对我国的基尼系数目前各机构认识不一，被学界普遍认可的是世界银行测算的0 .47。“我国基尼系数在10年前越过0.4的国际公认警戒线后仍在逐年攀升，贫富差距已突破合理界限。” 人力资源和社会保障部劳动工资研究所所长、中国劳动学会薪酬专业委员会会长苏海南认为，目前我国的收入差距正呈现全范围多层次的扩大趋势。当前我国城乡居民收入比达到3.3倍，国际上最高在2倍左右;行业之间职工工资差距也很明显，最高的与最低的相差15倍左右;不同群体间的收入差距也在迅速拉大，上市国企高管与一线职工的收入差距在18倍左右，国有企业高管与社会平均工资相差128倍。 北京师范大学收入分配与贫困研究中心主任李实从上世纪80年代起参与了4次大型居民收入调查。他说，收入最高10%人群和收入最低10%人群的收入差距，已从1988年的7.3倍上升到2007年的23倍。 “干得多，挣得少”是记者在采访中许多工薪阶层的共同感受。中国社科院社会政策研究中心秘书长唐钧说:“从统计数据看，近几年穷人和富人的收入都在增长，但考虑到他们在消费支出上的差异，大量贫困家庭的支出集中在最易涨价的食品及其他生活必需品上，分配差距正呈现危险的穷降富升 两头拉大趋势。” 房地产、矿产、证券成为暴利行业 有关专家认为，近年来，随着我国经济高速发展，土地、资源、资本这3种生产要素发挥了巨大的财富调整力量。房地产、矿产、证券等成为“最赚钱”的暴利行业，少部分人借此一夜间站到社会财富的顶端。 position for future reference. Installation using special lifting pole rotor 6.4.4.6 rotor lift, box spirit level to check the rotor axis neck of Yang, on both sides of the rotor should be lateral raises and numerical deviation of ? 0.10MM, qualified before the official lifting. Hoisting of the rotor dynamic and static clearance should be measured, rotors check clearance to prevent rotor colliding. 6.4.4.7 stationary blade carrier, diaphragm and sealing upper cylinder on the inside and install the mounting bolts, bolts and bolt holes in the surface should be coated with molybdenum disulfide. Follow the manufacturers stamp marked to install good sealing ring and spring. Check the sealing ring and spring plate, shall conform to the technical requirements manufacturers drawings. Bolt: ... Measurement with measurement tools, special tools, temporary connection bolts and connection tool equipped and in good condition. The rotor shaft to have fixed, such as thrust, bearing plates fixed installation, in case of wear of the rotor is too large. The coupling gasket check measurements: measured data processing according to gasket, clean the coupling gasket surface clean and Burr-free, check the coupling gasket thickness data, shim thickness deviation of ? 0.02mm, parallel degree deviation of ? 0.02mm. Coupling temporary bolts ready: preparing 4-8 bolt diameter coupling bolt hole diameter 0.5-1.0mm. 6.4.5.2 shaft coupling 6.4.5.2.1 General requirements in both the relative position of the flange according to the manufacturer's mark, if there is no mark, two flange scoop bias complement each other and take care of the bolt hole alignment, hit the mark as basis for alignment and coupling is finally being joined. Each measurement in the two couplings along 据2009年福布斯中国财富排行榜统计，前400名富豪中，房地产商占154名;在前40名巨富中，房地产商占19名;在前10名超级富豪中，房地产商占5名。房地产行业已经成为中国财富的主要集中地。 中国社科院研究员唐钧认为，房地产业的基本要素就是土地，卖房子实际上是卖土地。而对于土地，按现行土地用途管理政策，政府和房地产商既是“垄断买方”，又是“垄断卖方”，一方面从农民手里低价征地，另一方面向群众高价售房。房地产业产生的级差暴利，除了地方政府财政收入外，都被少数房地产商拿走了。唐钧说，随着房价暴涨，“没有房子的人”已被远远甩出财富形成的大门之外。 不可再生的矿产资源也被少数人占据、利用并迅速暴富。在全国产煤大县山西左云，记者了解到，近年来这里诞生了数以百计、身家亿万的“煤老板”，但当地农民人均纯收入只有4359元，比全国平均水平还低400多元。 “资源要素分配不公，加剧了社会财富的分配不公。”国家发改委宏观经济研究院常修泽教授说，这与我国矿产资源产权制度缺失有很大关系，突出表现在资源价格成本构成不完全，资源税额低、开采成本低、不承担环境恢复责任这是“煤老板”超常致富的“秘诀”，也是分配手段调节失灵、贫富差距拉大的“症结”。 许多专家还认为，近年来，资本市场的“火热”表现，尤其是投机性投资行为的盛行，也进一步强化了资本财富的累积效应，拉大了资本收益与劳动收益、实业收益的差距，造成了“有钱的越来越有钱，没钱的越来越没钱”的局面。而且，资本与土地、资源三者之间互相拉升，加剧了贫富差距。 一直存在“屁股决定腰包”的怪现象 清华大学教授魏杰、陕西省社科院副院长石英等人说，长期以来，我国收入分配领域一直存在着“屁股决定腰包”的怪现象，收入高低靠的不是聪明才智和勤奋劳动，而是靠“抢身份”和“抢行业”。如果能“抢”到电力、电信、石油、金融、烟草等垄断行业，或是“抢”到公务员和事业单位身份，就等于“抢”到了高收入、高福利、高阶层。 采访中，许多人对以垄断和“身份”为代表的“权力分配”表示极端不满。他们认为，国家必须弱化权力在分配格局中的作用，合理调整各行业、群体间的收入差距，才能降低社会矛盾“燃点”，实现和谐与稳定。 据人力资源和社会保障部统计，目前电力、电信、金融、保险、烟草等行业职工平均工资是其他行业职工的2倍到3倍，如果加上工资外收入和职工福利待遇上的差异，实际差距可能更大。截至2008年底，机关公务员退休金水平是企业的2.1倍，事业单位月均养老金是企业的1.8倍。 position for future reference. Installation using special lifting pole rotor 6.4.4.6 rotor lift, box spirit level to check the rotor axis neck of Yang, on both sides of the rotor should be lateral raises and numerical deviation of ? 0.10MM, qualified before the official lifting. Hoisting of the rotor dynamic and static clearance should be measured, rotors check clearance to prevent rotor colliding. 6.4.4.7 stationary blade carrier, diaphragm and sealing upper cylinder on the inside and install the mounting bolts, bolts and bolt holes in the surface should be coated with molybdenum disulfide. Follow the manufacturers stamp marked to install good sealing ring and spring. Check the sealing ring and spring plate, shall conform to the technical requirements manufacturers drawings. Bolt: ... Measurement with measurement tools, special tools, temporary connection bolts and connection tool equipped and in good condition. The rotor shaft to have fixed, such as thrust, bearing plates fixed installation, in case of wear of the rotor is too large. The coupling gasket check measurements: measured data processing according to gasket, clean the coupling gasket surface clean and Burr-free, check the coupling gasket thickness data, shim thickness deviation of ? 0.02mm, parallel degree deviation of ? 0.02mm. Coupling temporary bolts ready: preparing 4-8 bolt diameter coupling bolt hole diameter 0.5-1.0mm. 6.4.5.2 shaft coupling 6.4.5.2.1 General requirements in both the relative position of the flange according to the manufacturer's mark, if there is no mark, two flange scoop bias complement each other and take care of the bolt hole alignment, hit the mark as basis for alignment and coupling is finally being joined. Each measurement in the two couplings along 专家们认为，这种依赖于政策保护和资源垄断的“权力分配”，有悖于社会主义按劳分配原则，严重侵害了个人发展权，扭曲了收入分配格局。其在不同行业、不同群体间造成收入悬殊落差的同时，也在人们心里划上了一道深深的鸿沟。 近年来，大学毕业生争抢“吃皇粮”，甚至出现千余人竞争一个公务员岗位的现象。同时，垄断行业的高工资也屡屡遭到质疑。专家认为，国家应通过多个途径，减轻“权力决定收入”的消极影响，平复社会失衡心理。 收入分配五花八门 白黑灰血金“五色炫目” “灰色收入”和“黑色收入”造成了国民大量“隐性收入”的存在，使得社会财富底数不清。中国改革基金会国民经济研究所副所长王小鲁2007年曾发表过一项研究，推算当时每年至少有4万亿元以上的不 规范 编程规范下载gsp规范下载钢格栅规范下载警徽规范下载建设厅规范下载 “隐性收入”。还有专家认为，目前我国工薪收入占总收入的比重只有1/3，国家能够监控的只有“白色收入”，这意味着大量收入脱离了所得税调节范围，游离于监管之外。 由于收入分配渠道复杂，同时缺乏基础性的国民收入 记录 混凝土 养护记录下载土方回填监理旁站记录免费下载集备记录下载集备记录下载集备记录下载 制度，我国居民的收入渠道也呈现五花八门的状态。近日，记者在全国15个省区市采访了大量专家学者和基层干部群众，大家比较认同可以用白色、黑色、灰色、血色、金色5种“颜色收入”来概括当前形形色色的收入。 5种“颜色收入”既相对独立，也有交叉的地方。具体来讲，“白色收入”指正常的工资、福利等企法收入;“黑色收入”指通过贪污受贿、偷盗抢劫、欺诈贩毒等违法手段获得的非法收入;“灰色收入”指介于合法与非法之间的收入，在我国当前非常普遍;“血色收入”指那些突破人类文明底线，以牺牲他人的生命和用鲜血榨取的收入，如黑砖窑、黑煤窑等;“金色收入了”指利用黄金、股票、期货等资本获得的收入。 专家认为，这5种“颜色收入”既依据了收入的合法性，也参考了社会道德 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 ，基本概括了当前中国收入分配的主要渠道和方式，是一种容易被人们接受的、形象化的描述当前收入的表达方式。 白色收入 指当前收入分配领域中有据可查的收入，出身清白，可见、可控、可预测。人力资源和社会保障部劳动工资研究所所长苏海南说，“白色收入”是我国收入分配制度的主渠道，所以必须不断提高初次分配中劳动报酬在国民收入分配的比重，建立工资的正常增长机制和支付保障机制，健全社会保障制度增加养position for future reference. Installation using special lifting pole rotor 6.4.4.6 rotor lift, box spirit level to check the rotor axis neck of Yang, on both sides of the rotor should be lateral raises and numerical deviation of ? 0.10MM, qualified before the official lifting. Hoisting of the rotor dynamic and static clearance should be measured, rotors check clearance to prevent rotor colliding. 6.4.4.7 stationary blade carrier, diaphragm and sealing upper cylinder on the inside and install the mounting bolts, bolts and bolt holes in the surface should be coated with molybdenum disulfide. Follow the manufacturers stamp marked to install good sealing ring and spring. Check the sealing ring and spring plate, shall conform to the technical requirements manufacturers drawings. Bolt: ... Measurement with measurement tools, special tools, temporary connection bolts and connection tool equipped and in good condition. The rotor shaft to have fixed, such as thrust, bearing plates fixed installation, in case of wear of the rotor is too large. The coupling gasket check measurements: measured data processing according to gasket, clean the coupling gasket surface clean and Burr-free, check the coupling gasket thickness data, shim thickness deviation of ? 0.02mm, parallel degree deviation of ? 0.02mm. Coupling temporary bolts ready: preparing 4-8 bolt diameter coupling bolt hole diameter 0.5-1.0mm. 6.4.5.2 shaft coupling 6.4.5.2.1 General requirements in both the relative position of the flange according to the manufacturer's mark, if there is no mark, two flange scoop bias complement each other and take care of the bolt hole alignment, hit the mark as basis for alignment and coupling is finally being joined. Each measurement in the two couplings along 老金等转移性收入，让“白色”成为收入主色调，彰显公平正义，促进社会稳定与和谐。 黑色收入 既包括一部分人依靠权力获取的非法收入，也包括走私、贩毒、偷盗、抢劫、绑架等违法犯罪活动获得的收入。中国社科院社会政策研究中心秘书长唐钧等专家认为，“黑色收入”使大量公共财富流进了权力拥有者、违法犯罪者的腰包，应坚决打击。 血色收入 指那些突破人类文明底线，以牺牲他人的生命和用鲜血榨取的收入。对“血色收入”也应严厉打击，如山西黑砖窑事件、哈尔滨呼兰区奴工事件等，这些行为践踏了人性与文明底线，影响了国家形象，必须坚决予以取缔。 金色收入 是近年来随着经济发展而日显重要的一种收入，以资本收益为主要表现形式，也可以理解为财产性收入。近年来，不少人从股市、楼市中获得资产增值，财富成倍增长。一些专家认为，“金色收入”值得鼓励，但也要注意做好调控和引导，使其走上理性轨道，减少投机性。同时，要注意通过税收等配套政策对“金色收入”加以调节，防止“马太效应”加剧贫富差距。 灰色收入 的概念最难定性。目前，学界对“灰色收入”的定义也不统一，有的专家定义为来路不明、没有记录在案、没有纳税、游离在申报之外的个人隐秘收入。也有学者认为收入“非白即黑”，无论如何冠冕堂皇，其本质是公权与私利交易而产生的“黑色收入”。 目前，“灰色收入”己经渗透到了社会各行各业，返点、好处费、感谢费、劳务费、讲课费、稿酬、礼金等名目繁多。国家发改委宏观经济研究院教授常修泽说，“灰色收入”主要有三种情况:一是“正灰色”的，即违章不犯法的收入;二是名为“灰”实为“黑”的收入，比如商业回扣、年节收礼、小金库私分、庆典礼品等，属变相受贿;三是“浅灰色”收入，这一部分本来应该归到“白色收入”里，但制度中没有明确规定，虽然渠道正当，但缺乏税务监管。 部分高收入居民存在大量“隐性收入” 中国经济改革研究基金会国民经济研究所副所长王小鲁长期研究“灰色收入”问题，几年前，他曾对全国几十个市县的2000多名不同收入阶层居民的家position for future reference. Installation using special lifting pole rotor 6.4.4.6 rotor lift, box spirit level to check the rotor axis neck of Yang, on both sides of the rotor should be lateral raises and numerical deviation of ? 0.10MM, qualified before the official lifting. Hoisting of the rotor dynamic and static clearance should be measured, rotors check clearance to prevent rotor colliding. 6.4.4.7 stationary blade carrier, diaphragm and sealing upper cylinder on the inside and install the mounting bolts, bolts and bolt holes in the surface should be coated with molybdenum disulfide. Follow the manufacturers stamp marked to install good sealing ring and spring. Check the sealing ring and spring plate, shall conform to the technical requirements manufacturers drawings. Bolt: ... Measurement with measurement tools, special tools, temporary connection bolts and connection tool equipped and in good condition. The rotor shaft to have fixed, such as thrust, bearing plates fixed installation, in case of wear of the rotor is too large. The coupling gasket check measurements: measured data processing according to gasket, clean the coupling gasket surface clean and Burr-free, check the coupling gasket thickness data, shim thickness deviation of ? 0.02mm, parallel degree deviation of ? 0.02mm. Coupling temporary bolts ready: preparing 4-8 bolt diameter coupling bolt hole diameter 0.5-1.0mm. 6.4.5.2 shaft coupling 6.4.5.2.1 General requirements in both the relative position of the flange according to the manufacturer's mark, if there is no mark, two flange scoop bias complement each other and take care of the bolt hole alignment, hit the mark as basis for alignment and coupling is finally being joined. Each measurement in the two couplings along 庭收支情况做了调查，发现部分高收入居民存在大量“隐性收入”。调查证明，城镇居民收入中没有被统计到的收入估计高达4.8万亿元，遗漏主要发生在占城镇居民家庭10%的高收入户，占全部遗漏收入的3/4。 一些专家认为，当前收入分配差距加大的另一个重要原因，是由于制度不健全所导致的腐败问题，包括大量的“灰色收入”和非法收入。 调查证明，城镇居民收入中没有被统计到的收入估计高达4.8万亿元，遗漏主要发生在占城镇居民家庭10%的高收入户，占全部遗漏收入的3/4。与此同时，频发的腐败案也暴露出个别干部对公共财富的巨额侵占。据最高人民检察院统计，仅2009年，全国就立案侦查贪污贿赂大案18191件:查办涉嫌犯罪的县处级以上国家工作人员2670人，其中厅局级204人、省部级8人。中石化原董事长陈同海受贿近2亿元，创下新中国成立以来最大单笔受贿额1.6亿元的纪录。 专家认为，腐败对收入分配的影响主要有三个方面: 一是扰乱了分配秩序，初次分配市场调节失灵，再分配领域又形成“逆向分配”，使本该用于低收入群体的资金通过非正当途径转移到权力相关者手中，加剧了分配不公;二是导致个人收入无法核清，制度 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 失去基本前提;三是处于既得利益集团的腐败分子，有能力、也必将成为收入分配改革的最大“拦路虎”。 多位采访对象反映，虽然腐败不直接属于收入分配范畴，但它却渗透和影响着分配格局。西安一家动漫公司的总经理李斌说，现在，不管是搞房地产、办煤矿，还是想进垄断企业或当公务员，要想借此进入高收入阶层，往往要靠“关系”和“票子”开道。只要这种腐败“潜规则”存在，收入分配就无法“阳光”。 分配面临“十字路口” “虽然现在社会对贫富差距的忍受力比过去提高了，但如果不遏制贫富悬殊和分配不公加剧的势头，后果可能不堪设想。”国家发改委社会发展研究所所长杨宜勇说，去年我国人均G D P已接近3700美元，经济发展转型和社会结构重塑都进入了关键阶段。拉美国家的实践证明，这一阶段尤其要防止出现经济增长停滞、贫富差距拉大以及社会动荡。 苏海南认为，收入分配体系的不健全是造成收入分配问题突出的直接原因。在一次分配中，没有明确合理的国家、企业、居民三者的分配比例关系，劳动报酬偏低，没有建立劳动报酬的正常增长机制;在二次分配中，没有以制度形position for future reference. Installation using special lifting pole rotor 6.4.4.6 rotor lift, box spirit level to check the rotor axis neck of Yang, on both sides of the rotor should be lateral raises and numerical deviation of ? 0.10MM, qualified before the official lifting. Hoisting of the rotor dynamic and static clearance should be measured, rotors check clearance to prevent rotor colliding. 6.4.4.7 stationary blade carrier, diaphragm and sealing upper cylinder on the inside and install the mounting bolts, bolts and bolt holes in the surface should be coated with molybdenum disulfide. Follow the manufacturers stamp marked to install good sealing ring and spring. Check the sealing ring and spring plate, shall conform to the technical requirements manufacturers drawings. Bolt: ... Measurement with measurement tools, special tools, temporary connection bolts and connection tool equipped and in good condition. The rotor shaft to have fixed, such as thrust, bearing plates fixed installation, in case of wear of the rotor is too large. The coupling gasket check measurements: measured data processing according to gasket, clean the coupling gasket surface clean and Burr-free, check the coupling gasket thickness data, shim thickness deviation of ? 0.02mm, parallel degree deviation of ? 0.02mm. Coupling temporary bolts ready: preparing 4-8 bolt diameter coupling bolt hole diameter 0.5-1.0mm. 6.4.5.2 shaft coupling 6.4.5.2.1 General requirements in both the relative position of the flange according to the manufacturer's mark, if there is no mark, two flange scoop bias complement each other and take care of the bolt hole alignment, hit the mark as basis for alignment and coupling is finally being joined. Each measurement in the two couplings along 式明确各级财政用于社会保障以及转移支付的支出比例，难保二次分配的公平 性、合理性;三次分配规模小，慈善捐赠有待健全机制，调节功能有限。 一次分配的不合理使“强资本、弱劳动”趋势不断强化。当前初次分配过 于“亲资本”，劳动者报酬占比总体偏低，劳动者工资增长赶不上企业利润增 长。苏海南说，在发达国家，工资一般会占企业运营成本的50%左右，而在我 国则不到10%。 而在二次分配中，由于现有社保制度不够完善，二次分配领域甚至出现“逆 向调节”现象。据全国总工会透露，在城镇就业人员中，养老、医疗保险参保 率仅为62%和60%;农民工的参保水平更低。 有关专家认为，要守住贫富差距的“红线”，需尽快启动收入分配制度改 革，坚持标本兼治、综合治理、多管齐下、各方配合的原则，结合深层次原因 和直接原因设计系统的改革 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 。 Xinhua: China's wealth gap is approaching the red line of social tolerance Widening gap between rich and poor has brought many problems are increasingly becoming the focus of the community. China Economic Net reported on May 10 in recent years, China's regions, urban and rural areas, industry, income gaps between groups have increased, leading to some imbalance in the distribution pattern of wealth to the minority concentration, the Gini coefficient of income inequality over the warning signs "red line", and the resulting many problems are increasingly becoming the focus of the community. Experts believe that the current distribution of income has come to our urgent need to adjust the "crossroads", narrowing the gap between rich and poor, is very urgent to solve the problem of unfair distribution, you must hold 18 million mu of cultivated land as a "red line" as the gap between rich and poor hold " red line. " Distribution gap between "poor rich fall up" From the Gini coefficient, China's wealth gap is approaching social tolerance of the "red line." Macroeconomic Research Institute of NDRC, Professor Chang Xiuze introduction to China's Gini coefficient of the current understanding of different agencies, are generally recognized academic is the World Bank estimates of 0.47. "China's Gini coefficient of 0.4 over 10 years ago, the internationally recognized warning line and is still increasing year by year, the wealth gap has exceeded reasonable limits." Human Resources and Social Security Research Institute of Labor wage, salary Professional Committee of China Association of Labor President Hanan believes that the current income gap is showing our full range of multi-level expansion of the trend. Current urban-rural income ratio reached 3.3 times the highest international level in 2 times; trade gap between the wages of workers is also evident difference between the highest and lowest 15 times; the income gap between different groups are also rapidly widening, Listed state-owned enterprise executives and front-line workers is about 18 times the income gap in the state-owned enterprise executives and 128 times the average wage difference. Beijing Normal University, Income Distribution and Poverty Research Center Li Shi from the last position for future reference. Installation using special lifting pole rotor 6.4.4.6 rotor lift, box spirit level to check the rotor axis neck of Yang, on both sides of the rotor should be lateral raises and numerical deviation of ? 0.10MM, qualified before the official lifting. Hoisting of the rotor dynamic and static clearance should be measured, rotors check clearance to prevent rotor colliding. 6.4.4.7 stationary blade carrier, diaphragm and sealing upper cylinder on the inside and install the mounting bolts, bolts and bolt holes in the surface should be coated with molybdenum disulfide. Follow the manufacturers stamp marked to install good sealing ring and spring. Check the sealing ring and spring plate, shall conform to the technical requirements manufacturers drawings. Bolt: ... Measurement with measurement tools, special tools, temporary connection bolts and connection tool equipped and in good condition. The rotor shaft to have fixed, such as thrust, bearing plates fixed installation, in case of wear of the rotor is too large. The coupling gasket check measurements: measured data processing according to gasket, clean the coupling gasket surface clean and Burr-free, check the coupling gasket thickness data, shim thickness deviation of ? 0.02mm, parallel degree deviation of ? 0.02mm. Coupling temporary bolts ready: preparing 4-8 bolt diameter coupling bolt hole diameter 0.5-1.0mm. 6.4.5.2 shaft coupling 6.4.5.2.1 General requirements in both the relative position of the flange according to the manufacturer's mark, if there is no mark, two flange scoop bias complement each other and take care of the bolt hole alignment, hit the mark as basis for alignment and coupling is finally being joined. Each measurement in the two couplings along century since the 80 participated in four large-scale income surveys. He said that 10% of the highest income groups and income among the lowest 10% income gap has grown from 7.3 times in 1988 up to 23 times in 2007. "Dry more, earn less," a reporter interview a number of wage earners in the common feeling. Social Policy Research Center of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences General Tang Jun said: "From the statistical data, in recent years, the income of rich and poor is growing, but taking into account their differences in consumer spending, spending a lot of focus on poor families price increases in the most vulnerable to food and other necessities, the distribution gap is showing lower risk of poor rose two widening trend of the rich. " Real estate, mining, securities industry, as profits Experts believe that, in recent years, as China's rapid economic development, land, resources, these three kinds of factors of production capital has played a great fortune to adjust power. Real estate, mining, securities, etc. to become the "most profitable" in the lucrative industry, few people take the overnight stop to the top of the social wealth. According to Forbes China Rich List in 2009 statistics, the former 400 wealthy in real estate accounting for 154; the first 40 wealthy in real estate accounting for 19; the first 10 super-rich in real estate Business accounts 5. The real estate industry has become a major concentration of wealth. Jun Tang China Academy of Social Sciences researcher believes that the basic elements of real estate is land, sell a house is actually selling the land. As for the land, under the current land use management policies, government and real estate is a "monopoly buyer" who is "monopoly seller," On the one hand, the peasants in cheap land, on the other hand the houses at high prices to the masses. Differential profits generated by the real estate industry, in addition to local government fiscal revenue, have been a small number of real estate away. Tang Jun said that with housing prices skyrocketing, "no house of people" have been well throw in the formation of wealth outside the gate. Non-renewable mineral resources are also a few people occupy, use and quick riches. Shanxi coal-producing county in the country Zuoyun, the reporter learned that, born here in recent years, hundreds of net worth hundreds of millions of "coal bosses", but local farmers per capita net income of 4359 yuan, lower than the national average of 400 yuan . "Elements of unfair distribution of resources, exacerbated by the inequitable distribution of wealth in society." Macroeconomic Research Institute of National Development and Reform Commission, Professor Chang Xiuze said that with the lack of mineral resources and property rights system has a lot especially in the resources constitute the cost price complete, low-tax resources, mining and low cost, does not assume the responsibility for environmental restoration of the "coal bosses" super rich "secret" is to regulate the distribution of failure, the wealth gap between the "crux." Many experts also believe that, in recent years, the capital market's "hot" performance, in particular the prevalence of speculative investment behavior, but also further strengthen the effect of capital accumulation of wealth, widening the capital gains and labor income, the gap between industry revenue, resulting in the "rich are getting rich, no money for more money" situation. Moreover, capital and land, resources move up among each other, exacerbating the wealth gap. There has been "decided ass pockets," the strange phenomenon Tsinghua University professor Wei Jie, vice president of quartz and other social sciences in Shaanxi Province said a long time, China's income distribution in the field there has been "decided position for future reference. Installation using special lifting pole rotor 6.4.4.6 rotor lift, box spirit level to check the rotor axis neck of Yang, on both sides of the rotor should be lateral raises and numerical deviation of ? 0.10MM, qualified before the official lifting. Hoisting of the rotor dynamic and static clearance should be measured, rotors check clearance to prevent rotor colliding. 6.4.4.7 stationary blade carrier, diaphragm and sealing upper cylinder on the inside and install the mounting bolts, bolts and bolt holes in the surface should be coated with molybdenum disulfide. Follow the manufacturers stamp marked to install good sealing ring and spring. Check the sealing ring and spring plate, shall conform to the technical requirements manufacturers drawings. Bolt: ... Measurement with measurement tools, special tools, temporary connection bolts and connection tool equipped and in good condition. The rotor shaft to have fixed, such as thrust, bearing plates fixed installation, in case of wear of the rotor is too large. The coupling gasket check measurements: measured data processing according to gasket, clean the coupling gasket surface clean and Burr-free, check the coupling gasket thickness data, shim thickness deviation of ? 0.02mm, parallel degree deviation of ? 0.02mm. Coupling temporary bolts ready: preparing 4-8 bolt diameter coupling bolt hole diameter 0.5-1.0mm. 6.4.5.2 shaft coupling 6.4.5.2.1 General requirements in both the relative position of the flange according to the manufacturer's mark, if there is no mark, two flange scoop bias complement each other and take care of the bolt hole alignment, hit the mark as basis for alignment and coupling is finally being joined. Each measurement in the two couplings along ass pockets," the strange phenomenon, not the level of income through ingenuity and hard work, but relied on the "panic identity" and "grab the industry." If you can "grab" to the electricity, telecommunications, petroleum, finance, tobacco and other monopoly industries, or "rush" to the status of civil servants and public institutions, equivalent to the "panic" to a high income, high welfare, high class. Interview, many people of monopoly and the "capacity" to represent "power distribution" that extreme dissatisfaction. In their view, to weaken the power of the State's role in the distribution pattern, a reasonable adjustment of various industries, the income gap between groups in order to reduce social conflicts, "lit", to achieve harmony and stability. According to the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security statistics, electricity, telecommunications, finance, insurance, tobacco and other industries average wage of workers in other trades 2 times to 3 times, if the combined wages and employee benefits on income differences, the actual gap may be greater. As of the end of 2008, the level of authority pensions business 2.1 times the average monthly pension institution is 1.8 times enterprise. Experts believe that this depends on the policy of protection and resource monopoly "power distribution", contrary to the socialist principle of distribution according to work seriously infringe on a person the right to development, distort the pattern of income distribution. In different industries, causing income disparity among different groups fall, it is also people's hearts draw a deep divide. In recent years, competition for college graduates, "eat imperial grain", or even a thousand people competing for the phenomenon of civil service posts. Meanwhile, the monopoly industries of high wages often being questioned. Experts believe that the State should be through multiple channels, reduce the "power to decide income" negative impact, calm community mental imbalance. Variety of income distribution White smudge of blood money "five colors dazzling" "Gray income" and "black income" created a national large number of "hidden income" exists, making the end of countless wealth. China Reform Foundation, Wang Xiaolu, deputy director of National Economic Research Institute has published a 2007 study, estimated at 4 trillion yuan at least a year or more non-standard "hidden income." Some experts believe that the current wage income of China's share of total income is only 1 / 3 of the state to monitor only the "white income", which means that a lot of revenue from a tax adjustment range, drifting outside supervision. As the complexity of the income distribution channels, while the lack of basic record-keeping system of national income, the income of Chinese residents have shown a wide variety of state sources. Recently, the country's 15 provinces and autonomous regions in an interview a large number of experts and grassroots cadres and the masses, we can be more agreeable to white, black, gray, color, gold 5 "Color income" to summarize the current kinds of income. 5 "Color income" not only independent but also intersect. Specifically, the "white income" means the normal salary, benefits and other corporate law income; "black income" refers to corruption, theft, robbery, fraud, drug trafficking and other illegal means to obtain illicit income; "gray income" means the range of legal and between the illegal income, the current is very common in our country; "Bloody income" refers to those who break the bottom line of human civilization, to sacrifice the lives of others and the use of blood extraction of revenues, such as brick factories and coal mines, etc.; "Golden an income" means the use of Gold, stocks, futures and other capital position for future reference. Installation using special lifting pole rotor 6.4.4.6 rotor lift, box spirit level to check the rotor axis neck of Yang, on both sides of the rotor should be lateral raises and numerical deviation of ? 0.10MM, qualified before the official lifting. Hoisting of the rotor dynamic and static clearance should be measured, rotors check clearance to prevent rotor colliding. 6.4.4.7 stationary blade carrier, diaphragm and sealing upper cylinder on the inside and install the mounting bolts, bolts and bolt holes in the surface should be coated with molybdenum disulfide. Follow the manufacturers stamp marked to install good sealing ring and spring. Check the sealing ring and spring plate, shall conform to the technical requirements manufacturers drawings. Bolt: ... Measurement with measurement tools, special tools, temporary connection bolts and connection tool equipped and in good condition. The rotor shaft to have fixed, such as thrust, bearing plates fixed installation, in case of wear of the rotor is too large. The coupling gasket check measurements: measured data processing according to gasket, clean the coupling gasket surface clean and Burr-free, check the coupling gasket thickness data, shim thickness deviation of ? 0.02mm, parallel degree deviation of ? 0.02mm. Coupling temporary bolts ready: preparing 4-8 bolt diameter coupling bolt hole diameter 0.5-1.0mm. 6.4.5.2 shaft coupling 6.4.5.2.1 General requirements in both the relative position of the flange according to the manufacturer's mark, if there is no mark, two flange scoop bias complement each other and take care of the bolt hole alignment, hit the mark as basis for alignment and coupling is finally being joined. Each measurement in the two couplings along income received. Experts believe that this 5 "Color income" not only the legitimacy of the basis of income, but also made reference to the moral standards of society, the basic summary of the current income distribution in China the main channel and the form of an easily accepted by people, figurative expression describing the current income. White income That the current income distribution in the field have documented income, origin innocence, visible, controllable, predictable. Human Resources and Social Security Research Institute of Labor wage Hanan said, "white income" is China's income distribution system, the main channel, it must continue to improve the initial distribution of labor compensation share of national income distribution in the establishment of normal growth in wages mechanisms and payment guarantee mechanism, improve the social security system to increase pensions and other transfer income, so that "white" as income main colors, demonstrate fairness and justice, promote social stability and harmony. Black income Some people rely on the power both to obtain illegal revenues, including smuggling, drug trafficking, theft, robbery, kidnapping and other criminal activities, the income received. Social Policy Research Center of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences General Tang Jun, and other experts believe that "black income" to a large number of public wealth flow into the power holders, pockets of those crimes, should be resolutely fought against. Scarlet income Those that break the bottom line of human civilization, to sacrifice the lives of others and the use of blood extraction income. On "Bloody income" should crack down on such incidents in Shanxi brick kilns, Hulan District, Harbin, and other slave labor cases, these acts of humanity and civilization, in violation of the bottom line, affecting the country's image, must be eliminated. Gold income Economic development in recent years as an increasingly important income to capital gains as the main form, it can be understood as property income. In recent years, many people from the stock and property markets to get capital gains, wealth multiplied. Some experts believe that, "Golden income" should be encouraged, but it should also pay attention to good regulation and guidance, to take a rational track and reduce speculative. At the same time, pay attention to supporting policy through tax and other "golden income" to regulate and prevent the "Matthew Effect" aggravating the wealth gap. Gray income Qualitative concept of the most difficult. At present, scholars of the "gray income" definition is not uniform, some experts defined as unsolicited, no record, no tax, free personal hidden away in the declaration of income. Some scholars think that income "non-white or black" sounding in any case, its essence is a public right of self-interest arising from transactions with the "black income." At present, the "gray income" has penetrated into every walk of life, rebate, commission, thanks, labor, lecture fees, royalties, cash gifts under various names. Professor Chang Xiuze Macroeconomic Research Institute of NDRC, said, "gray income" mainly in three ways: First, "is gray", that is illegal is not illegal income; second is called the "gray" is actually "black" income, such as commercial rebates, New Year gifts, small treasuries dividing, festival gifts, is a disguised bribes; third is "light gray" income, this section should have been attributed to the "white income" position for future reference. Installation using special lifting pole rotor 6.4.4.6 rotor lift, box spirit level to check the rotor axis neck of Yang, on both sides of the rotor should be lateral raises and numerical deviation of ? 0.10MM, qualified before the official lifting. Hoisting of the rotor dynamic and static clearance should be measured, rotors check clearance to prevent rotor colliding. 6.4.4.7 stationary blade carrier, diaphragm and sealing upper cylinder on the inside and install the mounting bolts, bolts and bolt holes in the surface should be coated with molybdenum disulfide. Follow the manufacturers stamp marked to install good sealing ring and spring. Check the sealing ring and spring plate, shall conform to the technical requirements manufacturers drawings. Bolt: ... Measurement with measurement tools, special tools, temporary connection bolts and connection tool equipped and in good condition. The rotor shaft to have fixed, such as thrust, bearing plates fixed installation, in case of wear of the rotor is too large. The coupling gasket check measurements: measured data processing according to gasket, clean the coupling gasket surface clean and Burr-free, check the coupling gasket thickness data, shim thickness deviation of ? 0.02mm, parallel degree deviation of ? 0.02mm. Coupling temporary bolts ready: preparing 4-8 bolt diameter coupling bolt hole diameter 0.5-1.0mm. 6.4.5.2 shaft coupling 6.4.5.2.1 General requirements in both the relative position of the flange according to the manufacturer's mark, if there is no mark, two flange scoop bias complement each other and take care of the bolt hole alignment, hit the mark as basis for alignment and coupling is finally being joined. Each measurement in the two couplings along in, but the system is not clear requirements, although legitimate channels, but the lack of tax regulation. There is some high-income residents in a large number of "hidden income" China Reform Foundation, Wang Xiaolu, deputy director of National Economic Research Institute long-term "gray income" in a few years ago, he had dozens of cities and counties nationwide more than 2,000 residents of different income groups of family income and expenditure made survey found that some large number of high-income residents there "hidden income." Survey shows that urban residents are not income to the income statistics is expected to reach 4.8 trillion yuan, accounting for missing mainly in 10% of urban households in high-income households, accounting for all missing income 3 / 4. Some experts believe that the widening gap between the current income distribution is another important reason is because the system does not sound caused by the problem of corruption, including a large number of "gray income" and illegal income. Survey shows that urban residents are not income to the income statistics is expected to reach 4.8 trillion yuan, accounting for missing mainly in 10% of urban households in high-income households, accounting for all missing income 3 / 4. At the same time, frequent corruption of individual cadres have also revealed substantial encroachment on the public wealth. Supreme People's Procuratorate, according to statistics, only in 2009, the country of corruption and bribery on file for investigation of major 18191: investigating suspected of a crime above the county level 2670 national staff, including 204 department and bureau level, provincial level 8. Sinopec Chairman Chen Tonghai original graft nearly 200 million yuan, the highest since the founding of New China, the largest single bribery record amount of 160 million yuan. Experts believe that the impact of corruption on income distribution, there are three main areas: First, disrupting the order of distribution, the initial distribution of market regulation failure, redistribution of the field they form a "reverse distribution", so that the money spent on low-income groups through non-legitimate way to transfer power to stakeholders, fueling unfair distribution; 2 is not nuclear clean of personal income, the basic premise of the system design lost; third in corrupt vested interests, have the ability and the reform of income distribution will become the biggest "stumbling block." Many interviewed complained that, while corruption does not directly belong to the distribution of income, but whether it affects the penetration and distribution pattern. Xian Li Bin, general manager of a animation company that is now, whether it is engaged in real estate, coal mine, or would like to enter a monopoly or a civil servant, in order to enter the high-income groups often rely on "relationship" and "tickets" to clear the way . As long as this corruption "hidden rules" exist, the distribution of income can not be "sunshine." Distribution of face "crossroads" "Although the society's tolerance of the gap between rich and poor increase than in the past, but if you do not contain unfair distribution of wealth disparity and increase the momentum, the consequences could be disastrous." Director of the Institute for Social Development National Development and Reform Commission, said Yang Yiyong, last year China nearly 3,700 U.S. dollars per capita GDP, economic development and social transformation of remodeling have entered a critical phase. Latin American countries has shown that this phase in particular to prevent stagnation of economic growth, the wealth gap and social unrest. Hanan that the income distribution system is not perfect is the problem of income distribution position for future reference. Installation using special lifting pole rotor 6.4.4.6 rotor lift, box spirit level to check the rotor axis neck of Yang, on both sides of the rotor should be lateral raises and numerical deviation of ? 0.10MM, qualified before the official lifting. Hoisting of the rotor dynamic and static clearance should be measured, rotors check clearance to prevent rotor colliding. 6.4.4.7 stationary blade carrier, diaphragm and sealing upper cylinder on the inside and install the mounting bolts, bolts and bolt holes in the surface should be coated with molybdenum disulfide. Follow the manufacturers stamp marked to install good sealing ring and spring. Check the sealing ring and spring plate, shall conform to the technical requirements manufacturers drawings. Bolt: ... Measurement with measurement tools, special tools, temporary connection bolts and connection tool equipped and in good condition. The rotor shaft to have fixed, such as thrust, bearing plates fixed installation, in case of wear of the rotor is too large. The coupling gasket check measurements: measured data processing according to gasket, clean the coupling gasket surface clean and Burr-free, check the coupling gasket thickness data, shim thickness deviation of ? 0.02mm, parallel degree deviation of ? 0.02mm. Coupling temporary bolts ready: preparing 4-8 bolt diameter coupling bolt hole diameter 0.5-1.0mm. 6.4.5.2 shaft coupling 6.4.5.2.1 General requirements in both the relative position of the flange according to the manufacturer's mark, if there is no mark, two flange scoop bias complement each other and take care of the bolt hole alignment, hit the mark as basis for alignment and coupling is finally being joined. Each measurement in the two couplings along caused by the direct reason. In a distribution, there is no clear and reasonable, companies and residents in the allocation of the three relations, labor remuneration is low, there is no established mechanism for the normal growth of labor compensation; in redistribution, not to form a clear system of government at all levels with social security and transfer payments in the share of spending is no guarantee that the second distribution of fairness, reasonableness; three times the size distribution of small, charitable donation to be a sound mechanism to regulate the function is limited. Unreasonable to make a distribution of "strong capital, weak labor" has been constantly strengthened. Initial distribution over the current "pro-capital", the overall proportion of workers paid low wage growth of workers can not keep up profit growth. Hanan said that in developed countries, wage costs usually account for 50% of business operations, while the less than 10% in China. In the second distribution, as the existing Social Security system is not perfect, the second distribution is even a "reverse regulation" phenomenon. According to the National Federation of Trade Unions said workers in the urban employment, pension, medical insurance was only 62% and 60%; migrant workers lower insured level. Experts believe that, to hold the gap between rich and poor, "red lines", need to start the income distribution system as soon as possible, adhere to tackling the problem in a comprehensive, multi-pronged approach, the parties Peige with the principles of Shenceng Ci and immediate causes Shejixitong reform program. position for future reference. Installation using special lifting pole rotor 6.4.4.6 rotor lift, box spirit level to check the rotor axis neck of Yang, on both sides of the rotor should be lateral raises and numerical deviation of ? 0.10MM, qualified before the official lifting. Hoisting of the rotor dynamic and static clearance should be measured, rotors check clearance to prevent rotor colliding. 6.4.4.7 stationary blade carrier, diaphragm and sealing upper cylinder on the inside and install the mounting bolts, bolts and bolt holes in the surface should be coated with molybdenum disulfide. Follow the manufacturers stamp marked to install good sealing ring and spring. Check the sealing ring and spring plate, shall conform to the technical requirements manufacturers drawings. Bolt: ... Measurement with measurement tools, special tools, temporary connection bolts and connection tool equipped and in good condition. The rotor shaft to have fixed, such as thrust, bearing plates fixed installation, in case of wear of the rotor is too large. The coupling gasket check measurements: measured data processing according to gasket, clean the coupling gasket surface clean and Burr-free, check the coupling gasket thickness data, shim thickness deviation of ? 0.02mm, parallel degree deviation of ? 0.02mm. Coupling temporary bolts ready: preparing 4-8 bolt diameter coupling bolt hole diameter 0.5-1.0mm. 6.4.5.2 shaft coupling 6.4.5.2.1 General requirements in both the relative position of the flange according to the manufacturer's mark, if there is no mark, two flange scoop bias complement each other and take care of the bolt hole alignment, hit the mark as basis for alignment and coupling is finally being joined. Each measurement in the two couplings along