南昌大学2012大学化学竞赛考试试题

南昌大学2012大学化学竞赛考试试题 班级专业:______ 学号:______ 姓名____________ 试卷总分:100分 考试时间:120分钟 一、选择题 ( 共15题 30分 ) 1. 2 分 (4334) -3-8-13-3 已知HPO的电离常数:K = 7.5 ， 10，K= 6.23 ， 10，K = 3.6 ， 10，则0.10 mol?dm HPO3412334-3溶液中氢离子浓度(mol?dm)为……………………………………………………( ) -2-2-3 (A) 0.1 (B) 2.7 ， 10 (C) 2.4 ， 10 (D) 7.5 ， 10 2. 2 分 (4036) 3 下列分子和离子中，中心原子杂化轨道类型为spd，且分子(离子)构型为直线型的是…………………………………………………………………………………………… ( ) ,,, (A) (B) (C) IF (D) IClSbFICl3424 3. 2 分 (4338) 三氯化氮(NCl)和三氯化磷(PCl)的水解产物分别是………………………………( ) 33 NCl PCl 33 (A) NH和HCl PH和HOCl 33 (B) HNO和HCl HPO和HCl 333 (C) HNO和HCl PH和HOCl 33 (D) NH和HOCl HPO和HCl 333 4. 2 分 (3657) -3-3 当0.075 mol?dm的FeCl溶液通HS气体至饱和(浓度为0.10 mol?dm)，若控制FeS不沉22 淀析出，溶液的pH值应是……………………………………………………………( ) -19-8-12(K(FeS) = 1.1 ， 10，HS:K= 9.1 ， 10， K= 1.1 ， 10) sp2a1 a2 (A) pH?0.10 (B) pH?0.10 -2 (C) pH?8.7 ， 10 (D) pH?1.06 5. 2 分 (4544) ,+ ,-10 已知: Ag+ e = Ag = 0.80 V ，K(AgCl) = 2.8 10. , ，sp ,,, 在25?时，AgCl + e = Ag + Cl的 为…………………………………………………( ) ,1,,, (A) =+ 0.059 lgK(AgCl) ,sp1 , ,, (B) =- 0.059 lgK(AgCl) ,sp1 , (C) = 0.059 lgK(AgCl) ,sp1 lg(AgCl)Ksp, (D) = ,10.059 6. 2 分 (7103) 对于配合物中心体的配位数，说法不正确的是………………………………………( ) (A) 直接与中心体键合的配位体的数目 (B) 直接与中心体键合的配位原子的数目 (C) 中心体接受配位体的孤对电子的对数 (D) 中心体与配位体所形成的配价键数 7. 2 分 (4532) lujianhua (South area ahead Office Director and to war victory)]. County Government operates 3 Civil Affairs, finance, education and Finance Committee, with espionage, sabotage, standing and political team. Soon, the tomb of the Wujiang District Committee of the Kuomintang relocated to the countryside village. Pre-war, strict tomb for seventh district, its regional range for this Taoyuan town and town of Nan Ma Street, and Tan Qiu street of rotten Brook Tang West of area, in Wujiang South border, and Zhejiang Province Tongxiang County, and Wuxing County adjacent, ancient for two province (River, and Zhejiang) three House (Suzhou, and huzhou, and jiaxing) seven County (wuxing, and return Ann, and Tongxiang, and jiaxing, and show water, and Wujiang, and earthquake Ze) of make, is located in remote, territory size Lake swing dotted, river port criss-cross, easy hidden combat, and no Highway, traffic inconvenience. Therefore, this has become the refuge of many, where Wujiang gentleman most of the refuge is not the fall of four townships, at this time of grave, there has been a monstrous prosperity, Nanxun town, even the neighboring Zhejiang Province, there are also some merchants to Yan Tao DUN Cun opened shop. Cang during the depression as a regional political center and military base in the area. In May 1938, Chairman Mao Zedong in the guerrilla war in the strategic issues of: "North zone, South of the Lake of hongze Lake area branching stream of all enemy-occupied areas and along the coastal areas, should be well organized guerrilla and in rivers, lakes and estuaries and build lasting base nearby, as one aspect of the development of the national guerrilla". 铜的氧化物和酸反应生成硫酸铜和铜，这氧化物和酸分别是………………………( ) (A) 铜的黑色氧化物和亚硫酸 (B) 铜的红色氧化物和过二硫酸 (C) 铜的红色氧化物和稀硫酸 (D) 铜的黑色氧化物和稀硫酸 8. 2 分 (0419) 下述叙述中正确的是………………………………………………………………… ( ) (A) 在恒压下，凡是自发的过程一定是放热的 (B) 因为焓是状态函数，而恒压反应的焓变等于恒压反应热，所以热也是状态函数 ,, (C) 单质的和都为零 ,H,Gfmfm (D) 在恒温恒压条件下，体系自由能减少的过程都是自发进行的 9 2 分 (4074) ,2, 按分子轨道理论，N、、的稳定性由大到小的顺序是……………………( ) NN222 2,,,2, (A)> > N (B) N >> NNNN222222 ,2,,2, (C)>> N (D)> N > NNNN222222 10. 2 分 (4112) 根据晶体场理论，在八面体场中，由于场强的不同，有可能产生高自旋或低自旋的电子构型是…………………………………………………………………………………… ( ) 2348 (A) d (B) d (C) d (D) d 11. 2 分 (0720) 2+ 用0.020 mol/L Zn溶液滴定0.020 mol/L EDTA溶液。已知lgK(ZnY)=16.5, lg,=1.5, lg,=5.0, ZnY终点时pZn=8.5, 则终点误差为--------------------------------( ) (A) +0.1% (B) -0.1% (C) +3% (D) -3% 12. 2 分 (0922) 2+ (1) 用 0.02 mol/L KMnO溶液滴定 0.1 mol/L Fe溶液 42+ (2) 用 0.002 mol/L KMnO溶液滴定 0.01 mol/L Fe溶液 4 上述两种情况下其滴定突跃将是 --------------------------------------------------------( ) (A) 一样大 (B) (1)>(2) (C) (2)>(1) (D) 缺电位值, 无法判断 13. 2 分 (0338) NHHPO水溶液中最主要的质子转移反应是--------------------------( ) 424 (已知HPO的pK~pK分别是2.12,7.20,12.36;NH的pK为4.74) 34a1a33b+---2- (A) NH+HPO = NH +HPO (B)HPO+HPO = HPO +HPO 4243342424344---2-+ (C) HPO+HO = HPO +OH (D) HPO+HO = HPO +HO 2423424243 14. 2 分 (1070) 用沉淀滴定法测定银,下列方式中适宜的是----------------------------------( ) (A) 莫尔法直接滴定 (B) 莫尔法间接滴定 (C) 佛尔哈德法直接滴定 (D) 佛尔哈德法间接滴定 15. 2 分 (1057) 2+ 用BaSO重量法测定Ba含量,若结果偏低,可能是由于--------------------------( ) 43+ (A) 沉淀中含有Fe等杂质 (B) 沉淀中包藏了BaCl 2 (C) 沉淀剂HSO在灼烧时挥发 (D) 沉淀灼烧的时间不足 24 二、填空题 ( 共25分 ) 16. 2 分 (0405) ,-1 反应 2N(g) + O(g) = 2NO(g) 在298 K时，为164.0 kJ?mol， ,H222rm -1,则反应的,U=______________________ kJ?mol。 rmlujianhua (South area ahead Office Director and to war victory)]. County Government operates 3 Civil Affairs, finance, education and Finance Committee, with espionage, sabotage, standing and political team. Soon, the tomb of the Wujiang District Committee of the Kuomintang relocated to the countryside village. Pre-war, strict tomb for seventh district, its regional range for this Taoyuan town and town of Nan Ma Street, and Tan Qiu street of rotten Brook Tang West of area, in Wujiang South border, and Zhejiang Province Tongxiang County, and Wuxing County adjacent, ancient for two province (River, and Zhejiang) three House (Suzhou, and huzhou, and jiaxing) seven County (wuxing, and return Ann, and Tongxiang, and jiaxing, and show water, and Wujiang, and earthquake Ze) of make, is located in remote, territory size Lake swing dotted, river port criss-cross, easy hidden combat, and no Highway, traffic inconvenience. Therefore, this has become the refuge of many, where Wujiang gentleman most of the refuge is not the fall of four townships, at this time of grave, there has been a monstrous prosperity, Nanxun town, even the neighboring Zhejiang Province, there are also some merchants to Yan Tao DUN Cun opened shop. Cang during the depression as a regional political center and military base in the area. In May 1938, Chairman Mao Zedong in the guerrilla war in the strategic issues of: "North zone, South of the Lake of hongze Lake area branching stream of all enemy-occupied areas and along the coastal areas, should be well organized guerrilla and in rivers, lakes and estuaries and build lasting base nearby, as one aspect of the development of the national guerrilla". 17 5 分 (1017) +O离子的中心原子O采用______________杂化，其中有_______个, 单键和________个, H3 配键，该中心原子的价层电子对构型为___________，离子的几何构型为___________。 18. 2 分 (0637) +， 已知下列反应: HO + NH = + HO NH33242,,, HS + S = HS + HS 2，, + HS= HS + NH NH2342,,, HO + O = OH + OH 2 按照上述各碱强度减小顺序的排列为___________________________。 按照上述各酸强度减小顺序的排列为 __________________________。 19. 2 分 (1355) 漂白粉的有效成分是________________，漂白粉在空气中放置时，会逐渐失效的方程式是_________________________________________________________。 20. 2 分 (0819) 请填写下面的空格: 对E，k，K的影响 化学反应条件的改变 活化能E 速率常数k 平衡常数K a 升高温度 加正催化剂 21. 2 分 (1234) 2+ Ba有毒，但由于BaSO________________和_______________，因此可用于消化道X射线检4 查疾病时的造影剂。 22. 2 分 (0936) 原子序数为77的元素，其原子核外电子分布式是_________________________________ 该元素在周期表中位于第_________周期第__________族。 23. 2 分 (0917) 2波函数, 是描述_________________________数学函数式，它和____________是同义词。,, , 的物理意义是____________，电子云是____________的形象化表示。 24. 2 分 (0633) 某混合碱(可能含有NaOH、NaCO、NaHCO)溶液,用HCl溶液滴定至酚酞终点, 消耗HCl V(mL),2331再滴定至甲基橙终点,又消耗HCl V(mL),若V>V, 则混合碱的组成为__________________;若V2121,V,则混合碱的组成为__________________。 2 25. 2 分 (4116) 在进行实际试样分析时，为消除干扰组分的影响，常用的掩蔽方法有:,,,,,,,,,,,,、,,,,,,,,,,,,、,,,,,,,,,,,, 。 26. 2 分 (1135) 在相同条件下,测定某物质浓度,当浓度为c时,T=80%, 若浓度为2c时, T=________。 三、计算题 ( 共 25分 ) 第lujianhua (South area ahead Office Director and to war victory)]. County Government operates 3 Civil Affairs, finance, educatio 3 页 共 6 页 n and Finance Committee, with espionage, sabotage, standing and political team. Soon, the tomb of the Wujiang District Committee of the Kuomintang relocated to the countryside village. Pre-war, strict tomb for seventh district, its regional range for this Taoyuan town and town of Nan Ma Street, and Tan Qiu street of rotten Brook Tang West of area, in Wujiang South border, and Zhejiang Province Tongxiang County, and Wuxing County adjacent, ancient for two province (River, and Zhejiang) three House (Suzhou, and huzhou, and jiaxing) seven County (wuxing, and return Ann, and Tongxiang, and jiaxing, and show water, and Wujiang, and earthquake Ze) of make, is located in remote, territory size Lake swing dotted, river port criss-cross, easy hidden combat, and no Highway, traffic inconvenience. Therefore, this has become the refuge of many, where Wujiang gentleman most of the refuge is not the fall of four townships, at this time of grave, there has been a monstrous prosperity, Nanxun town, even the neighboring Zhejiang Province, there are also some merchants to Yan Tao DUN Cun opened shop. Cang during the depression as a regional political center and military base in the area. In May 1938, Chairman Mao Zedong in the guerrilla war in the strategic issues of: "North zone, South of the Lake of hongze Lake area branching stream of all enemy-occupied areas and along the coastal areas, should be well organized guerrilla and in rivers, lakes and estuaries and build lasting base nearby, as one aspect of the development of the national guerrilla". 27. 5 分 (4368) 硼砂 [NaBO(OH)] 的水溶液是很好的缓冲溶液，用反应式表示其缓冲性质，并计算其pH2454-10值。已知:K(HBO) = 5.8 ， 10 33 28. 10 分 (0764) 2+ -3+ -3+ , (1) 若向Cu?Cu(1.0mol?dm)‖Ag(1.0mol?dm)?Ag电池的Ag溶液中加入Cl离子，,-32+ 2+ 使达平衡后的[Cl] = 1.0 mol?dm，再向Cu溶液中加入足够NH，使Cu全部生成高配位3-32，Cu(NH)离子，设平衡后的[NH] = 2.0mol?dm，电池的正负极不变，写出此电池的电池符号，334 电极反应，电池反应; ,-10+ , (2) 实验测得此电池电动势为0.29 V，如已知AgCl的K = 1.6 10，Ag+ e = Ag， = ,，sp ,2，2+ ,0.80 V;Cu+ 2e = Cu，= 0.34 V。试求Cu(NH)的K稳; ,34 (3) 求此反应的平衡常数和ΔG。 rm 29. 5 分 (0460) 已知在298 K时有下列热力学数据: C(s) CO(g) Fe(s) FeO(s) 23-1, 0 -110.5 0 -822.2 /kJ?mol ,Hfm -1-1 , 5.74 197.56 27.28 90 S/J?K?molm 假定上述热力学数据不随温度而变化，请估算FeO能用C还原的温度。 23 lujianhua (South area ahead Office Director and to war victory)]. County Government operates 3 Civil Affairs, finance, education and Finance Committee, with espionage, sabotage, standing and political team. Soon, the tomb of the Wujiang District Committee of the Kuomintang relocated to the countryside village. Pre-war, strict tomb for seventh district, its regional range for this Taoyuan town and town of Nan Ma Street, and Tan Qiu street of rotten Brook Tang West of area, in Wujiang South border, and Zhejiang Province Tongxiang County, and Wuxing County adjacent, ancient for two province (River, and Zhejiang) three House (Suzhou, and huzhou, and jiaxing) seven County (wuxing, and return Ann, and Tongxiang, and jiaxing, and show water, and Wujiang, and earthquake Ze) of make, is located in remote, territory size Lake swing dotted, river port criss-cross, easy hidden combat, and no Highway, traffic inconvenience. Therefore, this has become the refuge of many, where Wujiang gentleman most of the refuge is not the fall of four townships, at this time of grave, there has been a monstrous prosperity, Nanxun town, even the neighboring Zhejiang Province, there are also some merchants to Yan Tao DUN Cun opened shop. Cang during the depression as a regional political center and military base in the area. In May 1938, Chairman Mao Zedong in the guerrilla war in the strategic issues of: "North zone, South of the Lake of hongze Lake area branching stream of all enemy-occupied areas and along the coastal areas, should be well organized guerrilla and in rivers, lakes and estuaries and build lasting base nearby, as one aspect of the development of the national guerrilla". 30. 5 分 (2150) 称取某风干试样0.9738g, 在100 ~110?加热烘干至恒重,其质量为0.9656g,计算试样中水的质量分数。若测得风干试样中含铁51.69%,计算干燥试样中铁的质量分数。 四、问答题 ( 共20分 ) 31. 5 分 (1552) 设计以辰砂为原料制备升汞和甘汞的简单步骤，并写出有关反应方程式。 32 5 分 (2751) 在进行络合滴定时,为什么要加入缓冲溶液控制滴定体系保持一定的pH? 第lujianhua (South area ahead Office Director and to war victory)]. County Government operates 3 Civil Affairs, finance, educatio 5 页 共 6 页 n and Finance Committee, with espionage, sabotage, standing and political team. Soon, the tomb of the Wujiang District Committee of the Kuomintang relocated to the countryside village. Pre-war, strict tomb for seventh district, its regional range for this Taoyuan town and town of Nan Ma Street, and Tan Qiu street of rotten Brook Tang West of area, in Wujiang South border, and Zhejiang Province Tongxiang County, and Wuxing County adjacent, ancient for two province (River, and Zhejiang) three House (Suzhou, and huzhou, and jiaxing) seven County (wuxing, and return Ann, and Tongxiang, and jiaxing, and show water, and Wujiang, and earthquake Ze) of make, is located in remote, territory size Lake swing dotted, river port criss-cross, easy hidden combat, and no Highway, traffic inconvenience. Therefore, this has become the refuge of many, where Wujiang gentleman most of the refuge is not the fall of four townships, at this time of grave, there has been a monstrous prosperity, Nanxun town, even the neighboring Zhejiang Province, there are also some merchants to Yan Tao DUN Cun opened shop. Cang during the depression as a regional political center and military base in the area. In May 1938, Chairman Mao Zedong in the guerrilla war in the strategic issues of: "North zone, South of the Lake of hongze Lake area branching stream of all enemy-occupied areas and along the coastal areas, should be well organized guerrilla and in rivers, lakes and estuaries and build lasting base nearby, as one aspect of the development of the national guerrilla". 33. 5 分 (4386) 医药上常用HO(30%或3%)消毒灭菌，你知道其作用原理吗,在实验室中如何制备HO,2222其结构是怎样的,如何鉴别,使用及保存时应注意什么, 34. 5 分 (7664) 写出下列各物质的化学式或名称: (1) 金红石;(2) 摩尔盐(Mohr’s Salt);(3) 红矾钠;(4) 铀黄;(5) HN ; 3 (6) NaSO?2HO;(7) NaBO(OH)?8HO;(8) 黄血盐;(9) SiH; 2242245424 (10) (NH)[P(MoO)]?6HO 4312402 lujianhua (South area ahead Office Director and to war victory)]. County Government operates 3 Civil Affairs, finance, education and Finance Committee, with espionage, sabotage, standing and political team. Soon, the tomb of the Wujiang District Committee of the Kuomintang relocated to the countryside village. Pre-war, strict tomb for seventh district, its regional range for this Taoyuan town and town of Nan Ma Street, and Tan Qiu street of rotten Brook Tang West of area, in Wujiang South border, and Zhejiang Province Tongxiang County, and Wuxing County adjacent, ancient for two province (River, and Zhejiang) three House (Suzhou, and huzhou, and jiaxing) seven County (wuxing, and return Ann, and Tongxiang, and jiaxing, and show water, and Wujiang, and earthquake Ze) of make, is located in remote, territory size Lake swing dotted, river port criss-cross, easy hidden combat, and no Highway, traffic inconvenience. Therefore, this has become the refuge of many, where Wujiang gentleman most of the refuge is not the fall of four townships, at this time of grave, there has been a monstrous prosperity, Nanxun town, even the neighboring Zhejiang Province, there are also some merchants to Yan Tao DUN Cun opened shop. Cang during the depression as a regional political center and military base in the area. In May 1938, Chairman Mao Zedong in the guerrilla war in the strategic issues of: "North zone, South of the Lake of hongze Lake area branching stream of all enemy-occupied areas and along the coastal areas, should be well organized guerrilla and in rivers, lakes and estuaries and build lasting base nearby, as one aspect of the development of the national guerrilla".