小升初常考知识点集锦2
小升初常考知识集锦(二)
1. 花费:cost, spend, take,pay
区别:spend的主语必须是人, 常用于以下结构:
(1) spend time ,money on sth. 在„„上花费时间(金钱)。例:I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学
题
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花了我两个小时。
(2) spend time ,money (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事。例:They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。
昨天我花了1个小时做家务。
cost的主语是物或某种活动, 还可以
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示“值”, 常见用法如下:
(1)sth. costs (sb.) ,金钱,某物花了(某人)多少钱。例:
. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。
(2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) ,时间,某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间。例:Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。(cost的过去
式:cost)
take后面常跟双宾语, 常见用法有以下几种:
(1) It takes sb. ,时间,to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。例:It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。
我每天要花2个小时做作业。
(2)doing sth. takes sb. ,时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。例:Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。
pay的基本用法是:
(1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买„„。例:I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。
(2)pay for sth. 付„„的钱。例:I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。
(3)pay money back 还钱。例:May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I'll pay it back next week.
你能借给我12块钱吗,下周还你。
2. 感叹句
what+(a/an)+adj.+可数名词单数.+主语+谓语。
what++adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词.+主语+谓语。
例:多么聪明的姑娘呀~ 多么有趣的故事呀~ 他们是多么好的孩子呀~ 多么漂亮的花呀~ 多么大的雪呀~ 多好的天气啊! How+adj.(adv.)+主语+谓语
今天多么热呀~ 他们显得多么高兴呀~ 在表示同一意义时,英语感叹既可用"what"引导,也可用"how"引导。如: What tall buildings they are! = How tall the buildings are! 多么高的楼房呀~ What bad weather it is!=How bad the weather is! 多么糟糕的天气呀~
3. 被动语态 (结构: Be+V过去分词)
例:This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。
These bikes are made in America. 这些单车是美国制造。
Our classroom is cleaned everyday. 练习:1. A speech on Chinese history in the school hall next week.
is given B. will give C. will be given
The trees must three times a week.
A. water B. is watering C. be watered D. waters