初中英语
中考
中考数学全套课件中考心理辅导讲座中考语文病句辨析修改中考语文古诗文必背中考单选题精选
复习资料大全
3) 陈述客观事实、客观真理。 一般现在时
顾名思义,客观的情况是"没有时
主要用于下面几情况: 间概念"的;也"不会在意动作进行的状
1) 描述当前时间内经常出现、反态"。例如:
复发生的动作或存在的状态。 The sun rises in the east 。日出东
在这种情景中,句子常带有表示方。
频率的时间状语:always , everyday , The earth goes around the sun 。often , once a week (month , year , 地球绕着太阳转。
etc。) , sometimes , seldom , usually等 Ten minus two is eight。十减二等等,以表示句中的动作或状态是习惯于八。
性的、经常性的。例如: Light travels faster than sound 。光
They raise ducks as a sideline 。他的速度比声音的速度快。 们以养鸭为副业。 The United States lies by the west
She doesn't often write to her coast of the Pacific Ocean. 美国位于太family, only once a month. 她不常给家平洋西岸。
里写信,仅一月一封而已。 4) 根据英文语法规定,当主句的
I cycle to work every day 。我每天谓语动词是一般将来时,那么时间或骑自行车上班。 条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般
It seldom rains here 。这儿很少下现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。例雨。 如:
2)仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、 I'll tell him the news when he
能力等等。 comes back. 他回来时,我将告诉他这
这里的目的是为了"描述现阶段的个消息。
动作或状态",其重点"不是强调动作发 If you take the job , they will talk
生的时间、或进行的状态"。例如: with you in greater details。
He can speak five foreign 如果你接受这份工作,他们将和languages 。他能说五种外语。 你谈谈细节。
That is a beautiful city 。那是座美用于一般现在时的副词,除了上丽的城市。 面提到的一些表示频率的以外,常见
Changjiang River is one of the 的还有:now, today , nowadays等等。 longest rivers in the world. 长江是世界
上最长的河流之一。
She majors in music 。她主修音
乐。
All my family love football 。我全
家人都喜欢足球。
My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。
一般过去时 一般将来时
主要是用来描述在过去某个时候 概念:一般将来时表示将来某个
发生的动作或存在的状态。它也可以时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也
用来表示在过去某段时间里经常发生表示将来经常发生的动作。
的习惯性动作。这一点在表达意义上 一、常见的将来时间状语:
与一般现在 时相同,只是所在的时间 tomorrow, the day after 区域不同而已。由于它的主要作用如tomorrow, this afternoon, this year, 此,所以在使用一般过去时的句子里before long,
常常有一个意义较具体的过去时间状 in the future, some day(将来的
语。这也是它与现在完成时的 最大区某一天), next year, next Sunday, 别之一。 soon,
一般过去时由谓语动词的过去式 in ten days(十天后) 等
表示,也就是说动词词末要加-ed(除不 二、一般将来时结构:
规则动词外)。常和一般过去时连用的 主语+ will (shall) + 动词原形
过去时间状语有:last night (week , ~。动词一般将来时,表示将要发生
month , year , century , etc。) , 事
yesterday , the day before yesterday , (所有人称都可以用will,shall只
yesterday morning ( afternoon , 用于I, We 后面)
evening ) , in 1999 , two hours ago 如:肯定式:They will finish the ( one week ago , tree years ago , „)work next week.
等等。 否定式: They won’t finish the
使用一般过去时,在某种意义上work next week.
说就是要强调动作或状态发生或存 疑问式: Will they finish the 在于过去的某个时候。"过去"的时间work next week?
概念有两层意思:一是指"现在某个 Yes, they will. / No, they won’t.
时间"以前 的时间;二是指"说话、(注意:不能用Yes, they’ll.)
写文章的那个时间点"以前的时间, 特殊疑问句:How many books 在这个意义上,"现在的那个时间点"will you give us?
是很小很小的,甚至于小到无法量化 I’ll give you thirty books. 的程度。例如: 2. 主语+ be (am, is, are) going
He got his driving license last to + 动词原形 ~。
month. 他上个月拿到了驾照。 be going to, 表打算,准备
计划
项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载
--Where's Jim? 吉姆在哪里, 将来干;表可能,有必然,通过现象
--He just went out。他刚刚出去。 来判断。
如:I’m going to see a film this He’ll go fishing if it is fine evening. 今晚上我打算去看电影。 tomorrow.
It’s going to rain. 天要下雨了。 (2) 现在进行时表将来。go,
We aren’t going to have any come, leave, arrive, start, stay, returnlessons next week. 我们下周不上课。 等表示动作的动词,可以用现在进行
3. will/ shall 和 be going to 结时表将来。
构的区别 I’m going to the park with my
(1) 对于事先经过考虑的打算、parents on vacation.
计划,应使用be going to 结构。 (3) be about to + 动词原形, 表
Why are you taking down all the 示即将发生的动作。
pictures? I am going to repaint the The concert is about to begin. 音
wall. 乐会即将开始。
(2) 对于事先未经过考虑的打 (4) be +动词不定式,表示安排
算、计划,而是临时起意,则用will 或计划好的动作。
结构。常见于会话时,乙听了甲的话There is to be a sports meeting 做出的反应。 next week.
Where is the telephone book? I’语法练习:
I. 用适当形式填空 ll go and get it for you .
(3) 表示即将发生某事时,两者1. It ______ be Wednesday tomorrow. 区别不大,多可互换。 2. Betty _________ write to her
What is going to happen? grandma next week.
-----What will happen? 3. ________ you please give him this
be going to 一般指较近的将来,letter?
will则表示较远的将来。 4. I ________ never do that again.
(4) 正式的通知等多用will. 5. She has bought some cloth; she
4. 其他一般将来时表达结构: _____ make herself a dress.
(1) 少数几个动词如go, come, 6. ----Oh, what a heavy box! I can’t
start, arrive等,当表示根据规定时间lift it.
要发生的动作时,要用一般现在时来----What! I _______ carry it for you. 表示。 7.In China, wherever you _____(go),
My train leaves at 6:30. 我乘的you_____(see) friendly people. 火车将在6:30开。 8. Lao Zhao has saved some money
另外,时间、条件状语从句中,and he _____ (buy) a TV set. “主将从现” 9. The express from Beijing to
I’ll let you know as soon as I Shanghai ______ at 8:45. hear from him. II. 单选
1 We _____go home until we finish
the work.
A don’t B won’t C will
2 Tom _____ six years old
英语语法时态的几种转换 next month. A will be B will is C is going to 英语中的几种时态在一定情况
3 Look at the clouds? It 下可以互相转换,以下是几种常见的_____ rain. A is going B will be C is 转换形式:
going to 一、一般过去时与现在完成时的
4 We _____ go home until 转换
we finish the work. 在现在完成时中,延续性动词能
A don’t B won’t C will 与表示一段时间的状语连用,瞬间动
5 We must take the sick 词却不能。但是,可用别的表达方式: man to hospital. He ______. ?瞬间动词用于“一段时间
A is dying B is going to die +ago”的一般过去时的句型中; C will die ?瞬间动词可改成与之相对应
6 Could you tell me 的延续性动词及短语,与一段时间连_______ the meeting. 用;
A when shall we have B ?瞬间动词用于“It is+一段时间when we would have C when to have +since+一般过去时”的句型中,表
7 I’ll talk to him when 示“自从„„以来有„„时间”的意he______. 思,主句一般用it is来代替It has
A come B will come C been;
comes D came ?瞬间动词用于“Sometime has
8 I don’t know if it______ passed since+一般过去时”的句型tomorrow. 中。
A rains B will rain C is rain 请看:A。He joined the League
D is raining two years ago。
9 There ______ a school B。He has been in the
three years ago. League for two years。
A were B use to have C C。It is two years since he
used to be D will be joined the League。
D。Two years has passed
since he joined the League。
二、一般现在时与现在进行时的
转换
在一般现在时中,at加上名词2、“be about to+不定式”:表示即将表示“处于某种状态”,如at work发生的动作,有“即将”的意思,但(在工作),at school(上学、上课)不能和具体的时间状语连用。如:
The package is about to come 等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看:
Peter is at work,but Mike is at unwrapped。那个包快散开了。
play。
Peter is working,but Mike is 3、“be going+不定式”:表示按计playing。 划或安排打算去做某事,或表示有迹
三、现在进行时与一般将来时的象表明要发生某事。如: 转换 We are going to call her this evening。
在现在进行时态中go,come,我们打算今晚给她打电话。 leave,start,arrive等动词常与表示My sister’s going to have a baby this
将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生summer。
的动作。如:I am coming,Mum~我姐姐今年夏天要生孩子。 意为“我就来,妈妈~”请看: 4、用现在进行时表示将来:主要表
The train is leaving soon。 示按规定或时间预计要发生的事。
The train will leave soon。 如:The students are leaving on
四、“be going to+动词原形”Sunday。学生们星期日出发。 与“will(shall)+动词原形”结构的 We’re having a party next
转换“be going to+动词原形”、表week。
示打算、计划要做的事;将来时“will我们下星期将开一个晚会。 (shall)+动词原形”结构在书面语5、用一般现在时表示将来:表示按中,当主语为第一人称时,常用助动规定或时间预计要发生的事。词shall。在口语中,所有人称都可如:We have a holiday 以用will。请看: tomorrow。我们明天放假。
We are going to visit the Great The train leaves at 10:04 Wall next Sunday。 this evening。
We shall visit the Great Wall next 火车今晚10:04分开。 Sunday。 must表示推测 表示将来的五种非时态方式 1) must用在肯定句中表示较有把握1、“be+不定式”:表示命令、安排、的推测,意为"一定"。 倾向或必须、义务等。 2) must表对现在的状态或现在正发如:She is to play Juliet。她扮演朱生的事情的推测时, must 后面通丽叶。 常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词
You are to make the necessary 的进行式。
You have worked hard all day .You changes。你要做出必要的改变。
must be tired.
He said that they must work hard. 你辛苦干一整天,一定累了。(对
现在情况的推测判断) 他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上He must be working in his office. 他一要做这件事)
定在办公室工作呢。 2) have to有人称、数、时态的变比较: He must be staying there. 他化,而must只有一种形式。但现在肯定呆在那里。 must 可用于间接引语中表示过
He must stay there。他必须呆去的必要或义务。
He had to look after his sister 在那。
3) must 表示对已发生的事情的推测yesterday。
时,must 要接完成式。 3)在否定结构中:don't have to表
I didn't hear the phone. I must 示"不必" mustn't表示"禁止", have been asleep. You don't have to tell him about it.
我刚才没有听到电话,我想你不一定要把此事告诉他。
You mustn't tell him about it. 必是睡着了。
4) must表示对过去某时正发生的事情你一定不要把这件事告诉他。 的推测,must 后面要接不定式的完成比较may和might 进行式。
1) 表示允许或请求;表示没有把---Why didn't you answer my
握的推测;may 放在句首,表示phone call?
祝愿。 ---Well, I must have been
May God bless you! sleeping, so I didn't hear it。
He might be at home。 5) 否定推测用can't。
注意: might 表示推测If Tom didn't leave here until five
时,不表示时态。只是可能性比o'clock, he can't be home yet. 如
may 小。 果汤姆五点才离开这儿,他此时一
2) 成语: may/might as well,后定还未到家。
面接不带to 的不定式,意为"不妨
比较have to和must "。
If that is the case, we may 1) 两词都是'必须'的意思,have to 表
示客观的需要, must 表示说话人主as well try。
观上的看法,既主观上的必要。 典型例
题
快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题
My brother was very ill, so I had to Peter ___come with us
call the doctor in the middle of the tonight, but he isn't very sure yet。
night. A. must B. may C. can D.
will 我弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里
把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件答案B. 表可能性只能用may.
事) 此句意可从后半句推出。
many,few,much, little连用,形成比较can 和be able to
固定搭配。
1)can could 表示能力;可能 (过去时 so + adj. 用could), such + a(n) + n。
只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be so + adj. + a(n) + n. able to可以用于各种时态。 such + n. (pl。)
They will be able to tell you the so + adj. + n. (pl。) such news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息+n. (pl。)
了。 so + adj. + n. [不可数] 2)只用be able to such +n. [不可数]
a. 位于助动词后。b. 情态动词 so foolish 后。 such a fool
c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。 so nice a flower
d. 用于句首表示条件。 such a nice flower
e. 表示成功地做了某事时,只能 so many/ few flowers 用was/were able to, 不能用could。 such nice flowers
He was able to flee Europe before so much/little money. the war broke out。 such rapid progress
= He managed to flee Europe so many people before the war broke out。 such a lot of people
注意:could不表示时态 so many 已成固定搭配,a lot
1)提出委婉的请求,(注意在回答of 虽相当于 many,但 a lot of 为名中不可用could)。 词性的,只能用such搭配。
--- Could I have the television on? so„that与such„that之间
--- Yes, you can. / No, you can't。 的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。
2)在否定,疑问句中表示推测或怀
疑。
He couldn't be a bad man.
他不大可能是坏人。
动词不定式
动词不定式是初中英语的语法重
比较so和such 点之一,也是每年中考英语试题的考
其规律由so与such的不同词性决点之一。它是动词的一种非谓语形式,定。such 是形容词,修饰名词或名词没有人称和数的变化,不能单独作句词组,so是副词,只能修饰形容词或子的谓语。其构成形式为"to+动词原形副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词",to为动词不定式的符号,本身无意
义。动词不定式具有两大特点: 1.
具有动词的特点,因此,后面可以跟do sth.(2)It is +名词(for sb)to do
sth.(3)It takes sb some time to do 表语、宾语或状语,构成动词不定式
短语。 sth.(4)It is +形容词(for sb)to do sth.句
2.具有名词、形容词或副词的式(1)中常用nice, kind, clever, 特点,可以在句子中用作主语、宾语、good, right, wrong, foolish, 宾语补足语、状语、定语、表语及同careless等形容词,与介词of搭配,这位语等。下面以近几年全国部分省市些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属的中考英语试题为例,对不定式的难性或性质;句式(4)中常用hard, 点以及它在中考英语中的考查点,作difficult, easy, important等形容词,一简要的总结和分析,供同学们学习与介词for搭配,表示不定式表示的动时参考。 作、行为的性质。
一、动词不定式作主语 二、动词不定式作宾语
1. It's our duty _________ the 1. He wants ______ some room every day. vegetables.
A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean A. buy B. buying C. to buy D.
D. cleans(甘肃省) buys (山西省)
2. It's hard for us _________ 2. Don't forget ______ your
English well. homework with you when you come to
A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. school.
A. to bring B. bringing C. to learning(江西省)
3.建造这座立交桥将花费工take D. taking (福建省)
3. He found it very difficult 人们一年多的时间。
It will _________ the workers ______.
over a year _________ _________ the A. sleeping B. sleepsC. slept D.
flyover.(北京市海淀区) to fall asleep (湖南省)
4. It's very nice _________ Keys: 1. C 2. A 3. D you to get me two tickets _________ [简析]在want, like, agree, the World Cup. hope, wish, learn, begin, start,
A. for, of B. of, for C. to, seem, decide, hate, choose, for D. of, to(安徽省) forget, remember等动词后面,可以
Keys: 1. A 2. C 3. take, to, 接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词build 4. B 补足语时,则可以用it作形式宾语,
[简析]动词不定式作主语时,而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面。 可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位 三、动词不定式作宾语补足置,也可以用先行词it作形式主语,语
而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。常
见的句式有:(1)It is +形容词(of sb)to
1. Robert often asks us 5. My mother was very glad ______ his Chinese, so his Chinese is ______ her old friend. much better than before. A. to meet B. meet C. met D.
A. help him B. to help him meets (甘肃省)
with C. to help with D. helps him with Keys: 3. D 4. B 5. A (江苏省) [简析]"be +形容词+ to do
2. Mr Li often teaches his sth"结构中的不定式作状语,常表示原
Japanese friends ______ Chinese food. 因或方式。
A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. 6. The panda is so fat that it cooked (甘肃省) can't go through the hole.(改为意思相
Key: 1. B 2. C 同的句子)
The hole ______ ______ [简析]不定式可以用作宾语
______ ______ such a fat panda to go 补足语。后面可以接不定式作宾语补
足语的动词有:ask, teach, expect, through. (广东省)
7. The ice on the lake was so tell, allow等。
四、动词不定式作状语 thin that people couldn't skate on it. (改
1. She went ______ her 为意思相同的句子)
teacher. The ice on the lake wasn't
A. to see B. looks C. saw D. ______ enough ______ people ______ seeing (江西省) ______ ______. (广东省)
2. Meimei likes English very Keys: 6. is, too, small,
much. She does her best ______ English for 7. thick, for, to, skate, on
well. [简析]在上述"too +形容词/
A. learn B. learning C. to learn 副词(for sb)to do„"(太„„而不
D. learns (四川省) 能„„)和"enough (for sb) to do„"(足
Key: 1. A 2. C 以、足够„„做„„)结构中,不定式
[简析]go, come, try, do 作结果状语。
/ try one's best等动词或短语动词作谓 五、动词不定式作定语
1. Would you like something 语时,其后常常可以接不定式作目的
______? 状语。
3. I'm sorry ______ that. A. drink B. drinking C. to drink
A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. D. drinks (湖北省)
2. I have a lot of homework to hear (河北省)
4. I'm sorry ______ you. ______.
A. trouble B. to trouble C. A. do B. doing C. did D. to do troubling D. troubled (吉林省) (河南省)
3. He is not an easy man 动语态)。2.在"had better"后面接不带______. to的不定式。
A. get on B. to get on C. get on 七、动词不定式的否定形式
1. Mr Black asked the man with D. to get on with (山东省)
________ the queue. Key: 1. C 2. D 3. D
A. not to jump B. to not jump [简析]不定式作定语时,常放
在被修饰的词语之后,与被修饰的词C. didn't jump D. not jump (广西壮族自语为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系;如治区)
2. The old man told the child 果不定式的动词是不及物动词,其后
______ noisy. 要加上必要的介词或副词,构成的短
A. not be B. not to be C. to not 语动词相当于及物动词。
六、不带to的动词不定式 be D. be not (湖北省)
1. We saw him ______ the 3. There is going to ______ an
building and go upstairs. important meeting tomorrow. Please
A. to enter B. enter C. try ______ late. entering D. entered (河南省) A. have, not to be B. have,
2. So much work usually not be
makes them ______ very tired. C. be, not to be D. be, not
A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. be (内蒙古自治区)
feel (吉林省) Key: 1. A 2. B 3. C
3. Your father is sleeping. [简析]动词不定式的否定形
You'd better ______. 式通常是在不定式符号to的前面加上
A. not wake up him B. not to not,如果是不带to的不定式就直接在wake up him 动词原形前面加上not.
C. not wake him up D. not to 八、某些动词后面接不定式wake him up (陕西省) 和接动词-ing形式的区别
4. I was made ______ my 1. Please stop ______ a rest if
homework in the afternoon. you feel tired.
A. do B. doing C. to do D. did A. to have B. having C. have D.
(贵州省) has (广西壮族自治区)
Key: 1. B 2. D 3. C 4. C 2. ——Why didn't you buy
some bread on your way home? [简析]1.在see, watch,
hear, feel等感官动词和make, have, ——Sorry, I forgot ______
some money with me. let等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的不
A. take B. taking C. to take D. 定式不带to.但是在被动语态中,作主
语补足语的不定式要带to(let没有被took (湖北省)
3. ——Let's have a rest, shall 足语,用不定式表示动作的全过程(动we? 作已结束),用动词的-ing形式表示动
——Not now, I can't stop 作正在进行(动作尚未结束)。 ______ the letters. 九、动词不定式的省略及其
A. write B. to write C. writing 符号to的保留
1. Would you like to go to the D. and write (湖北省)
4. Jim was badly hurt, so he cinema with us?
Yes, ______. What time are had to stop ______ (walk). (用所给单词
we going to meet? 的正确形式填空)(四川省)
A. I would B. I would like C. I Key: 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. walking
[简析]一些常见的动词后面like to D. I'd like to (浙江省)
2. Would you like to go for a 接不定式和接动词的-ing形式的区别
picnic with us? 如下:"stop to do sth"意为"停止正在做
______. What time are we 的事情去做另外一件事","stop doing
going to meet? sth"意为"停止正在做的事":
A. No, I can't B. Yes, I'm glad "remember to do sth"意为"记住去做某
事"(事还未做),"remember doing sth"C. Yes, I'd love to D. I'd like (大连市) 意为"记得做过某事"(事已做):"go on Keys: 1. D 2. C to do sth"意为"接着做某事"(做完一 [简析]在口语中,动词不定式事,接着做另一事),"go on doing sth"中的动词或短语动词在上下文中重复意为"继续做某事"(一事未做完接着往出现时,第二个动词不定式可以省略,下做):"forget to do sth"意为"忘了做某但是to不可省略。这种用法常见于"be 事"(事还未做),"forget doing sth"意为"glad to","would like (love) to","have 忘了曾做过某事"(事已做)。 to"等结构中。
5. When I was walking in the 十、动词不定式的被动式和street I saw a plane ______ over my 其他形式
head. The new hospital ______ is
A. flies B. flying C. flew D. to near the factory.
A. build B. builds C. to build D. fly (福建省)
6. A woman saw it ______ to be built (青海省)
when she was walking past. Key: D
A. happen B. happens C. [简析]当不定式的逻辑主语happening D. to happen (黑龙江省) 是不定式所表示的动作的承受者(宾语)
Key: 5. B 6. A 时,用动词不定式的被动式,即:to be
[简析]在see, hear, watch, +过去分词;如果不定式所表示的动作feel等感官动词后面可接不带to的不发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前,不定式,也可接动词的-ing形式作宾语补定式用完成式,即:to have +过去分词;
如果不定式表示的动作和谓语动词表cloth 指布,为不可数名词 clothing 服
示的动作同时发生,用不定式的进行装的总称
式,即:to be +现在分词 指一件衣服用 a piece of, an
article of 比较and和or
2. incident , accident
1) 并列结构中,or通常用于否定incident 指小事件, accident 指不幸
句,and用于肯定句。 的事故 He was killed in the accident.
2) 但有时and 也可用于否定句。 3. amount, number 请注意其不同特点: amount 后接不可数名词,
There is no air or water in the number 后接可数名词 a number of moon。 students
There is no air and no water on the 4. family, house, home moon。 home 家,包括住处和家人,
在否定中并列结构用or 连接,但house 房子,住宅,family 家庭成员。
含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是My family is a happy one. 肯定结构,因此要用and。 5. sound, voice, noise
典型例题 sound 自然界各种各样的声
---I don't like chicken ___ fish. 音,voice 人的嗓音,noise 噪音 I hate
---I don't like chicken, ___ I like fish the loud noise outside. very much。 6. photo, picture, drawing
A. and; and B. and; but C. photo 用照相机拍摄的照
or; but D. or;and 片,picture 可指相片,图片,电影片,
答案C。否定句中表并列用or, but drawing 画的画
表转折。 Let's go and see a good
判断改错: picture.
(错) We will die without air and 7. vocabulary, word water。 vocabulary 词汇,一个人拥
(错) We can't live without air or 有的单词量,word 具体的单词 He has water。 a large vocabulary.
(对) We will die without air or 8. population, people water。 population 人口,人数,
(对) We can't live without air and people 具体的人 China has a large water。 population.
9. weather, climate 单词及词组分组辨析
weather 一天内具体的天气1. clothes, cloth, clothing clothes 状况,climate 长期的气候状况 The 统指各种衣服,谓语动词永远是复数,climate here is not good for you.
10. road, street, path, way 学术性的演讲,讲课 a series
road 具体的公路,马路,of lecture on „
17. officer, official street 街道,path 小路,小径,way 道
路,途径 officer 部队的军官,official
take this road; in the street, 政府官员 an army officer Show me the way to the museum. 18. work, job
11. course, subject 二者均指工作。work 不可
course 课程(可包括多门科数,job 可数 a good job。
19. couple, pair 目),subject 科目(具体的学科)a
summer course couple 主要指人或动物,pair
12. custom, habit 多指由两部分组成的东西 a pair of
trousers custom 传统风俗,习俗,也
20. country, nation, state, 可指生活习惯,后接 to do,habit 生
land 活习惯,习惯成自然,后接 of doing.
I've got the habit of drinking a country 侧重指版图,疆域,lot. nation 指人民,国民,民族,state 侧
13. cause, reason 重指政府,政体,land 国土,
cause 指造成某一事实或现 国家 The whole nation was
sad at the news. 象的直接原因,后接 of sth./doing sth,
21. cook, cooker reason 用来解释某种现象或
结果的理由,后接 for cook 厨师,cooker 厨具 He sth./doing sth. the reason for being late is a good cook.
14. exercise, exercises, 22. damage, damages practice damage 不可数名词,损害,
exercise 运动,锻炼(不可损失; damages 复数形式,赔偿金
$900 damages 数),exercises 练习(可数),practice(反
23. police, policeman 复做的)练习。
Practice makes perfect. police 警察的总称,后接复
15. class, lesson 数谓语动词,policeman 指某个具体的
作“课”解时,两者可以替警察 The police are questioning
everyone in the house. 换。指课文用 lesson. 指班级或全体学
24. problem, question 生用 class. Lesson 6; Class 5
16. speech, talk, lecture problem 常和困难连系,前speech 指在公共场所所做的经过准备面的动词常为 think about, solve, 的较正式的演说,talk 日常生活中的raise,question 常和疑问连系, 一般的谈话,讲话,lecture 多和ask, answer 连用。
25. man, a man
man 人类,a man 一个男人
Man will conquer nature. 34. three of us, the three of us
26. chick, chicken three of us 我们(不止三个)
二者均可指小鸡,chicken 还中的三个,the three of us 我们三个(就可以当鸡肉 The chicken is delicious. 三个人)The three of us
27. telegram, telegraph --- Tom, Jack and I went to the
cinema. 当电报解时,telegram 指具
35. by bus, on the bus 体的,telegraph 指抽象的 a telegram,
by telegraph by bus 表手段,方式,不用
28. trip, journey, travel, voyage 冠词,on the bus 表范围 They went
there by bus. travel 是最常用的,trip 指短
36. for a moment, for the 期的旅途,journey 指稍长的旅途,
moment voyage 指海上航行 a three-day trip
29. sport, game for a moment 片刻,一会儿,
sport 多指户外的游戏或娱for the moment 暂时,一时 Thinking
for a moment, he agreed. 乐活动,如打球,游泳,打猎,赛马
37. next year, the next year 等;game 指决定胜负的游戏,通常有
一套 next year 明年,将来时间状
规则 His favorite sport is 语,the next year 第二年,过去将来时swimming. 间状语
30. price, prize He said he would go abroad
the next year. price 价格,prize 奖,奖品,
38. more than a year, more 奖金 win the first prize The price is high/low than one year
31. a number of, the number more than a year 一年多,of a number of 许多,谓语动词用more than one year 超过一年(两年或复数。the number of „ 的数目,谓语三年等)
39. take advice, take the(one's) 动词用单数。The number of
students is increasing. advice
32. in front of, in the front of take advice 征求意见,take
in front of 范围外的前面,in the advice 接受忠告 He refused to
take the advice and failed again. the front of 范围内的前面 In the front
of the room sits a boy. 40. take air, take the air
33. of the day, of a day take air 传播,走漏,take the
of the day 每一天的,当时air 到户外去,散步 We take the air
every day. 的,当代的,of a day 暂时的,不长久
41. in a word, in words 的 a famous scientist of the day
54. a second, the second in a word 总之,一句话, in
words 口头上 In a word, you are right. a second 又一,再一,the
42. in place of, in the place of second 第„„ He won the second
prize. in place of 代替,in the place
55. by day, by the day of 在„地方 A new building is built in
the place of the old one. by day 白天,by the day 按天
43. in secret, in the secret 计算 The workers are paid by the day.
56. the people, a people in secret 秘密地,暗自地,
偷偷地,一般用作状语;in the secret 知 the people 指人,a people 指道内情,知道秘密, 民族 The Chinese is a peace-loving
people. 一般用作表语 My mother
was in the secret from the beginning. 57. it, one
44. a girl, one girl it 同一物体,one 同类不同
a girl 可泛指所有女孩, one 一 I lost my pen. I have to buy a new
one. girl 一个女孩 Can one girl carry such a
big box? 58. that, this
45. take a chair, take the chair that 指代上文所提到的,this
take a chair 相当于 sit down 导出下文所要说的 I was ill. That's 坐下,take the chair 开始开会 why „.
50. in charge of, in the charge 59. none, nothing, no one of in charge of 管理,负责照料, none 强调有多少,nothing, in the charge of 由„„照料 He is in no one 强调有没有,nothing 指物,
charge of the matter. no one 指人
The matter is in the charge of --- How many „/ How her. much „? --- None.
51. in class, in the class 60. anyone, any one
in class 在课上,in the class anyone 指人,不能接 of,any 在班级里 He is the best student in the one 指人物均可,可接 of any one of class. you
52. on fire, on the fire 61. who, what who 指
on fire 着火, on the fire 在火姓名或关系,what 指职业或地位
What is your dad? He is a teacher. 上 Put the food on the fire. The house is on fire. 62. what, which
53. out of question, out of the what 的选择基础是无限制
question 的,which 在一定范围内进行选择
Which do you prefer, bananas out of question 毫无疑问的,
or apples? out of the question 不可能的
63. other, another 自动的 The door opened of
itself. other 后接名词复数,
71. at all, after all another 后接名词单数 other students,
another student at all 根本,全然, after all 到
64. not a little, not a bit 底,毕竟 After all he is a child.
72. tall, high not a little 非常,not a bit 一
点也不 I'm not a bit tired. 我一点儿也 tall 常指人或动物,high 常不累。 指物体 He is tall.
65. many, much, a lot of 73. fast, quickly
many 和可数名词连用, fast 侧重于指人或物体具有much 和不可数名词连用,a lot of 可运动速度快的特点,quickly 侧重指某数,不可数均可,但不用于否定句 事完成或发生的快
I haven't many books. run fast, answer the question
quickly 66. much more „ than,
74. high, highly many more „ than
much more „ than 后接形 high 具体的高,highly 抽象容词或不可数名词,many more „ 的高,高度的 think highly of
75. healthy, healthful than 后接可数名词 many more
people, much more water, healthy 健康的,健壮的,much more beautiful healthful 有益于健康的 healthful
67. no, not exercise
no = not a/any no friend = not 76. sleeping, asleep, sleepy a/any friend no water = not any water sleeping 正在睡觉,asleep 睡着,熟
68. no more than, not more 睡,只能做表语,sleepy 困的,有睡than 意的
a sleeping baby The baby is no more than 相当于 only,
asleep. I'm sleepy. 仅仅,只有,not more than 至多,不
77. gold, golden 超过
69. majority, most gold 指真金制品,golden 指
金色的,但金鱼用 gold fish, a gold ring majority 只能修饰可数名词,
78. most, mostly most 可数不可数均可 the majority of
people most 用于表感受的肯定句
70. by oneself, for oneself, to 中,相当于 very,当大部分,大多数oneself, of oneself 解时是形容词或名词,
by oneself 单独的,独自的, mostly 大部分,是副词 most for oneself 为自己,to oneself 供自己people, the people are mostly „
79. just, very 用的,of oneself 自行的,
just 表强调时是副词,作状 close 接近,靠近,closely 紧
语,very 表强调时是形容词,用作定紧地,紧密地 closely connected, stand
close 语 the very man, just the man
80. wide, broad 87. ill, sick
wide 侧重于一边到另一边 ill 做表语,sick 定,表均可 a
sick boy 的距离,broad 侧重于幅面的宽广
broad shoulders 88. good, well
81. real, true good 形容词,well 副词,但
real 真的,真实的,指的是指身体状况是形容词 He is well again.
89. quiet, silent, still 事实上存在而不是想象的,true 真的,
真正的,指的是事实和实际情况相符 quiet 安静的,可以发出小的声
合 音,silent 不发出声音,但可以动,still
real gold, a true story 完全不动,完全无声响
82. respectful, respectable He stand there still. 他站在
respectful 尊敬,有礼貌,那儿,一动不动,也不说话。
90. hard, hardly respectable 可敬的,值得尊敬的 be
respectful to the aged hard 努力,hardly 几乎不
83. outwards, outward work hard, I can hardly believe it.
91. able, capable able 二者均可用作副词,表示向
外,外面,outward 还可用作形容词 与不定式 to do 连用,capable 与 of an outward voyage 连用 He is capable of doing „
84. pleasant, pleased, pleasing 92. almost, nearly
pleasant 常用作定语, 二者均为“几乎,差不多”和
pleased, pleasing 常用作表语,pleased 否定词连用用 almost almost nobody
93. late, lately 主语常为人,
pleasing 主语常为物 a late 迟,晚,lately 最近,近
pleasant trip The trip is pleasing. 来 I haven't seen him lately.
85. understanding, 94. living, alive, live, lively understandable living, alive, live 均为活着的,
understanding 明白事理的,living 定表均可,alive 定表均可,定
能体谅的,understandable 可理解的,语后置,live 只能做
能够懂的
an understanding girl, an 定语,lively 意为活波的 all understandable mistake the living people = all the people alive
86. close, closely 95. excited, exciting
raise the family excited 使人兴奋的,exciting
103. go for a doctor, go to a 令人兴奋的 I'm excited. The news is
exciting. doctor
96. deep, deeply go for a doctor 去请医生,go
deep 具体的深,deeply 抽象to a doctor 去看病
104. notice, observe, catch 的深,深深地 deeply moved, dig deep
97. aloud, loud sight of
aloud 出声地,loud 大声地 notice 注意到,observe 观
read aloud (出声地读) 察,仔细地看,catch sight of 突然看
98. worth, worthy 到 observe the stars
105. insist on, stick to 二者均为值得,worth 后接
doing,worthy 后接 to be done126. insist on 坚持要求,后常接 care about, care for doing, stick to 坚持, 后常接 sth., stick
to the plan care about 关心,计较,在乎,
106. look, seem, appear 一般多用于否定句中;care for 关心,
照料,喜欢,愿意 look 指从外表上看,seem 指内心的
He doesn't care about his 判断,appear 指给人以表面的印象 clothes. I don't care for movies. appear wise,
99 catch a cold, have a cold look like his father
107. gather, collect catch a cold 不能和表示“一
段时间”的状语连用,而 have a cold gather 把分散的东西集中到可以 一起,collect 指精心地、有选择地进
She has had a cold for a week. 行收集 collect stamps
100. change for, change into 108. mean to do, mean doing
change for 调换成,change mean to do 打算,想要做某into 变成 事,mean doing 意思是,意味着
Change the shirt for a bigger By this I mean giving the one. Water changes into ice. students more practice.
101. continue, last 109. die from, die of
二者均为持续,continue 主动, die from 表示死于(枪)伤,虚被动均可,last 只能用主动 弱,过度劳累,饮食过度等,die of 表
The war continued/lasted five 示死于疾病,饥饿,
years. The story is to be continued. 寒冷,年老,忧愁,失恋等
102. feed, raise 精神因素 die of hunger and cold
110. pay for, pay back, pay off feed 喂养,养活,饲养 (to
give food to),raise 饲养,养育 (cause
to grow, bring up children)
117. be familiar to, be familiar pay for 为„付钱,pay back
with 还钱,但不一定还清,pay off 还清 pay
for the book, pay off the debt be familiar to 某物对某人来
111. divide, separate 说是熟悉的,be familiar with 某人熟悉
divide 把一个整体分成几部某物
The book is familiar to me. I'm 分,separate 把连在一起的个体分开
divide the apple, separate the familiar with the book. houses 118. agree with, agree to,
112. arrive, get, reach agree on
arrive 不及物动词,后接 in agree with 同意某人,agree (大地点),at(小地点),get 不及物动词to 同意某事,agree on 在„„上达成
后接 to,一致意见,主语是复数 reach 及物动词
arrive in Beijing, get to Beijing, agree with you, agree to the reach Beijing plan
119. throw to, throw at 113. grow, plant
grow 使某种植物在某地生 throw to 扔到„„, throw at 长着或使其发展下去,plant 移植,移朝„„扔 He throw a stone at me.
120. receive, accept 栽已经长成秧苗的植物
plant the trees, trees are receive 收到某一东西,但不
growing 一定接受,accept 接受 I received a gift,
114. manage, try but I didn't accept it.
121. wear, put on, dress manage to do 设法做成了某
事,try to do 尽力去做某事但不一定 wear 和 dress 表状态, wear
接衣服等,可用进行时,dress 接人,成功
He tried to pass the exam, but be dressed in, put on 表动作
he failed. It's cold outside. Put on your
warm clothes. 115. choose, select
122. listen, hear choose 凭个人的判断力进行
选择,select 有目的地仔细认真地选择 listen 强调动作,hear 强调
choose the best answer 结果 I listened, but I heard nothing.
116. build, put up, set up, (一) 形容词和副词
found
build 一般用语,建成,put up I. 要点
临时搭建,set up 建成(内部的设施基
A. 形容词 本齐全),
found 国家或组织的建成 1、 形容词的用法 put up a tent, set up a school
形容词是用来修饰、描绘名词的, good (well)-better-best 通常在句中作定语、表语或宾补,有 bad (ill)-worse-worst 时还可作状语。如:
many (much)-more-most He is honest and hardworking.
little-less-least I found the book interesting.
(3) 形容词比较等级的用法 某些形容词与定冠词连用表示一
类人作主语时,谓语通常用复数形式。 ?表示两者的比较,用形容词的如: 比较级+than. 如:
The rich and the poor live in He is cleverer than the other boys.
different parts of the city.
This one is more beautiful than
The English like to be with their that one.
families.
?表示两者以上的比较,用"the +
多个形容词作定语修饰名词的顺形容词最高级(+名词)+of(in) „"如: 序:
He is the cleverest boy in his class.
冠词+序数词+基数词+性质状态
?表示两者是同等程度,用"as +(描述性)+形状大小+新旧老少+颜色+
形容词原级+as". 如: 国籍+材料+名词。如: the second five
interesting big new red Chinese wall He is as tall as I. papers.
I have as many books as you.
2、 形容词比较等级的形式
? 越… 越…
(1) 规则形式
例如:The more I learn, the happier
一般说来,单音节词及少数双音I am.
节词在后加-er; --est 来构成比较级和
? You can never be too careful. 最高级;其他双音节词及多音节词在
越小心越好 前加more, most.如:
又如:You can never praise the great-greater-greatest
teacher too highly.
busy-busier-busiest
你怎么赞扬这个老师也不过分。
important-more
? I have never spent a more important-(the)most important
worrying day.
(2) 不规则形式
那一天是最令我担心的一天。 2、 副词比较等级的用法
I have never had a better dinner. 其用法与形容词相似,只是副词
最高级前可省略定冠词。如:
Of all the boys he sings (the) most
这是我吃过的最好的一顿饭。 beautifully.
We must work harder.
? My English is no better than 3、 某些副词在用法上的区别 yours.
(1) already, yet, still
already表示某事物已经发生,主
我的英语和你的英语都不怎么要用于肯定句;yet表示期待某事发生,
样。 主要用于否定句和疑问句;still表示某
事还在进行,主要用于肯定句和疑问
句,有时也可用于否定句。如:
B.副词
We've already watched that film.
I haven't finished my homework
1、 副词的种类 yet.
He still works until late every night.
(1) 时间副词 如:ago, before, (2) too, as well, also, either already, just, now, early, late, finally,
too, as well和 also用于肯定句和tomorrow等
疑问句,too和as well多用于口语,一
般放在句末,而also多用于书面语,
一般放在句中与动词连用。either用于 (2) 地点副词 如:here, there,
否定句和否定的疑问句,往往放在句near, around, in, out, up, down, back,
末。如:He went there too. away, outside等。
He didn't go there either. (3) 方式副词 如:carefully, angrily,
badly, calmly, loudly, quickly, politely, I like you as well. nervously等。
I also went there.
(4) 程度副词 如:almost, nearly,
(3) hard, hardly much, greatly, a bit, a little, hardly, so, very等。
hardly意为"几乎"与hard在词义 "I haven't been there ____".
上完全不同。如: A too B also C either D
I work hard every day. neither
I can hardly remember that. 解析:该题正确答案为C。A和B
都用于肯定句中。D-neither本身意为
(4) late, lately 否定"两者都不",而C-either则用于否
定句中,意为"也"。 lately意为"最近、近来",late意
为"晚、迟"。如: 例4 Mr Smith was ____ moved at
the news. He never comes late.
A deep B deeply C very deep Have you been to the museum
D quite deeply lately?
解析:该题正确答案为B。A. deep 例1 Tom's father thinks he is
用于副词时,修饰具体的深,如dig already ____
deep,而B-deeply则修饰表示感情色彩
A high enough B tall enough 的词,如该题为deeply moved.另如
deeply regret等。而D-quite和deeply C enough high C enough tall
均为副词,不能互相修饰。
解析:该题正确答案是B。修饰人
高用tall, 而建筑物的高用high,并且
enough修饰形容词要放在形容词后
面。因此该题选B。
例2 ____ the worse I seem to be.
A When I take more medicine
B The more medicine I take
C Taking more of the medicine
D More medicine taken
(二) 介词 解析:该题正确答案为B。"the+
形容词比较级+… , the +形容词比较级
I. 要点 +…"意为越…,越…。该句意为:吃的
药越多,我的病越是加重。 1、介词和种类
例3"I haven't been to London yet".
(1) 简单介词,常用的有at, in, on, 指长于或短于一天的时段用in,如in
about, across, before, beside, for , to, the afternoon, in February, in Summer, in without等。 1999等。
(2) 复合介词,如by means of, along (2) between, among(表位置)
with, because of, in front of, instead of等。 between仅用于二者之间,但说三者
或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系 2、介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系
时,也用between, 如 (1) 和动词的搭配,如agree with, ask
for, belong to, break away from, care about I'm sitting between Tom and Alice. 等。
The village lies between three hills.
(2) 和形容词的搭配,如afraid of, among用于三者或三者以上之间。angry with, different from, good at 如:
(3) 和名词的搭配,如answer to , key to,
He is the best among the students. reason for, cause of, visit to等.
(3) beside, besides 3、介词短语可以有自己的修饰语,
这种修饰语通常有right, just, badly, all, …旁边",而besides意 beside意为"在
well, directly, completely等少数几个副词。为"除…之外"。如:
如:
He sat beside me.
He came right after dinner.
What do you want besides this?
He lives directly opposite the school.
(4)in the tree, on the tree
4、 某些介词的意义与用法举例
in the tree 指动物或人在树上,而on
(1) at, on, in(表时间) the tree 指果实、树叶长在树上
表示时间点用at,如at four o'clock, at (5)on the way, in the way, by the way, midnight等;表示不确定的时间或短期假in this way
日也用at,如at that time, at Christmas等。
on the way 指在路上 in the way 指
指某天用on, 如on Monday, on the 挡道
end of November, 指某天的朝夕用on,如
by the way 指顺便问一句 in this way on Friday morning, on the afternoon of
用这样的方法 September lst等。
(6)in the corner, at the corner
in the corner 指在拐角内 at the 解析:该题正确答案为A。look
forward to 为固定搭配,意为"期望、盼望corner 指在拐角外
"。 (7)in the morning, on the morning
in the morning 是一般说法 on the
morning 特指某一天的早晨
(8)by bus, on the bus (三) 连词
by bus 是一般说法 on the bus 特指
I. 要点 乘某一辆车
1、 连词的种类 II. 例题
(1) 并列连词用来连接并列关系 例1 Do you know any other foreign
的词、短语或分句,如and, for, or, language____ English?
both…and, either…or, neither…nor等。
A except B but C beside D besides
(2) 从属连词用来引导从句,如
解析:A、B两项except等于but,意that, if, whether, when, after, as soon as
为"除了…",C-beside意为"在…旁边",不等。
符合题意。而D-besides, 意为"除了…
除了从属连词(引导状语从句)之外,还有"。所以该题正确答案为D。该
外,还有其它可以用来引导从句的词类。题意为:除了英语外,你还知道别的语言
它们是连接代词和连接副词(引导名词性吗,
从句),关系代词和关系副词(引导定语从
例2 He suddenly returned ____ a rainy 句)。
night.
2、 常用连词举例
A on B at C in D during
(1)and 和,并且
解析:我们均知道,at night这一短语,
They drank and sang all night. 但如果night前有修饰词,表具体的夜晚,
则要用介词on来修饰,故该题正确答案 (2) both…and 和, 既…也… 为A。
Both my parents and I went
例3 I'm looking forward ____your there.
letter.
(3) but 但是,而
A to B in C at D on
I'm sad, but he is happy.
(4) either…or 或…或…, 要么… He didn't go to school, because
he was ill. 要么…
Either you're wrong, or I am. (14)unless 除非,如果不
I won't go unless it is fine (5) for因为
tomorrow. I asked him to stay, for I had
something to tell him. (15)until 直到…
He didn't leave until eleven. (瞬 (6) however 然而,可是
间动词用于not… until 结构) Af first, he didn't want to go there.
He stayed there until eleven. Later, however, he decided to go
(16)while 当…时候,而 (表示对 (7) neither…nor 既不…也不
比) Neither my parents nor my aunt
While I stayed there, I met a friend of mine. agrees with you.
(while后不可用瞬间动词) (8) not only…but(also) 不但…而
My pen is red while his is blue. 且…
He not only sings well, but also (17)for 因为
dances well. He was ill, for he didn't come. (结
(9) or 或者,否则 论是推断出来的)
Hurry up, or you'll be late. (18)since自从…
I have lived here since my uncle Are you a worker or a doctor?
left.
(10) so 因此,所以
(19)hardly… when 一… 就 It's getting late, so I must go.
I had hardly got to the station
(11) although 虽然 when the train left.
Although it was late, they went (20)as far as 就… 来说 on working.
As far as I know, that country is
(12) as soon as 一 …就 very small.
I'll tell him as soon as I see him. You may walk as far as the lake.
(一直走到湖那里) (13) because 因为
(2) 表示客观真理、科学事实等。 II. 例题
如:The earth goes round the sun. 例1 John plays football ____, if
not better than, David. 2、 现在进行时
A as well B as well as C so well D (1) 表示说话时或现阶段正在进
行的动作,常与now, at present等时间状so well as
语连用。如: 解析:该题意为:John踢足球如
果不比David好的话,那也踢得和David What are you doing now? 一样好。 和…一样好为as well as. 故该题
(2) 和always, continually等连正确答案为B。 用,表一种经常反复的动作,常含有某种
例2 She thought I was talking 情感。如:
about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was
He is always doing good deeds. talking about my daughter.
3、 现在完成时 A when B where C which D while
主要表示动作发生在过去,对现 解析:该处意为"然而",只有在仍有影响,或动作一直延续到现在,或while有此意思,故选D。 可能还要继续下去,常与just, already, so
例3 Would you like a cup of far, once, never 等词连用。如:Have you coffee ____ shall we get down to business ever been to Beijing? right away? 4、一般将来时
A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise 表示将来某一时间要发生的动
解析:该处意为"或者",正确答作或存在的状态,常与tomorrow, next 案为C。 year等连用。如:
I'll meet you at the school gate (四)动词时态、语态
tomorrow morning.
I. 要点 We're going to see a film next
Monday. 1、 一般现在时
5、一般过去时 (1) 表示经常发生的动作或现在
存在的状态,常与sometimes, always, 表示在过去某一时间或某一阶
often, every day等时间状语连用。如:段内发生的动作或存在的状态,常与
Sometimes, we go swimming after school. yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago
等词连用。如:It happened many years ago.
将来 shall be given will shall 6、过去进行时
have been given will 表示过去某一时刻或某一时期
过去将来 should be given 正在发生的动作。如:
would should have been given What were you doing this time would yesterday?
II.例题 例1 I learned that her
7、 过去完成时 father ____ in 1950.
表示在过去某一时间或动作之 A had died B died C dead
前已经发生或完成了的动作。如: D is dead
解析:该题正确答案为B。从句
中的谓语动词动作虽然发生在主句谓语 The train had already left before
动词的动作之前,但因从句中有明确的过we arrived.
去时间状语in 1950, 所以不用过去完成时
态,而用一般过去时态。
8、一般过去将来时 例2 The five-year-old girl ____ by
her parents.
A is looked B has looked for 表示说话人从过去的角度来看
将来发生的动作。如: C is being looked for D has been
looked
解析:该题正确答案为C。在带 He said he would come, but he
有介词的动词短语用于被动语态句中,介didn't.
词不能省,否则就变成了不及物动词短
9、被动语态 被动语态的时态,语,而不能用于被动语态的句子中。
以give为例。
(五)动词虚拟语气 时,式 一般
进行 完成 I. 要点
现在 am is given are am is 表示说的话不是事实,或者是不being are has been given have 可能发生的情况,而是一种愿望、建议或
与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正式的过去 was given were was
书面语中。 being given were had been given
1、 虚拟语气的构成
注:如果条件从句谓语动词包含中的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, 有were或had, should, could有时可将ifrequest, orders, idea等。从句谓语形式是
省去, 但要倒装。如: "(should),动词原形"。如:
Had you (If you had) invited us, His suggestion is that we (should) we would have come to your party. leave at once.
(4) 在同位语从句中,谓语形式 2、 虚拟语气在各种从句的应用
是"(should),动词原形"。如: (1) 在主语从句中用来表示惊
奇、惋惜、理应如此等,其谓语形式是 We received order that the work "should(可省) ,动词原形",常用于以下be done at once.
三种句型中。 (5) 在It is time that…句型中,其
句型一:It is necessary (important, 谓语动词形式是"动词的过去式"或
natural, strange, etc) that… "should ,动词原形",should不
句型二:It is a pity (a shame, no 可省。如:It's time (that) we went ( should wonder, etc) that… go) to school.
句型三:It is suggested II. 例题
(requested, proposed, desired, etc) that… 例1 We had hoped that he ____
如: It is strange that he (should) longer.
have done that. A stays B have stayed C stayed D
It is a pity that he (should) be so would stay
careless. 解析:该题正确答案为D。had
It is requested that we (should) hoped表示"本希望",同样用法的动词还
有think, expect等,后面的句子需用虚拟be so careless.
语气 (2) 在宾语从句中用于suggest,
propose, move, insist, desire, demand, 例2 "Mary wants to see you request, order, command等动词后的宾语today".
从句中,表间接的命令和建议。其谓语形
"I would rather she ____ 式是"(should)+动词原形"。如:
tomorrow than today."
I suggest that we (should) go
A comes B came C should come D swimming.
will come
(3) 在表语从句中,表示间接的
命令,要求、请求、建议、决定等,主句
解析:该题正确答案为B。would 7.want sb.to do sth。想让某人做某rather后面的从句需用虚拟语气,用动词事
过去时表示。 Eg.I want my son to go to
例3 Had she been older, she ____ school。
it better.
8.what to do做什么
A had done B might have done C
Eg.We don’t know what to do might do D would do
next。
解析:Had she been older = If she
9.let sb.do sth。让某人做某事 had been old. 故该题正确答案为B
Eg.Let him enter the room。
核心句型(50)
10.let sb.not do sth。让某人不做某
事 1.welcome to sp欢迎到某地
Eg.Let him not stand in the rain。 Eg.Welcome to China。
11.why don’t you do sth,2.What’s them atter with sb./sth,
怎么不做某事呢, 出什么毛病了,
Eg.Why don’t you play football Eg.What’s them atter with your
with us, watch,
12.why not do sth., 3.bedifferent from与---不同
怎么不做某事呢, Eg.The weather in Beijingis different from that of Nanjing。 Eg.Why not play football with
us, 4.be the same as与……相同
13.make sb.sth。为某人制造某物 Eg.His trousers are the same as mine。 Eg.My father made me a kite。
5.befriendly to sb。对某人友好 14.make sth for sb。为某人制造某
物 Eg.Mr.Wang is very friendly to us。 Eg.My father made a kite for
me。 6.want to do sth。想做某事
15.What…mean by…, Eg.I want to go to school。
Eg.His school is far from his 做……是什么意思,
home。 Eg.What do you mean by doing that, 25.be near to sp离某地近
Eg.The hospital is near to the 16.like doing sth。喜爱做某事
post office。
Eg.Jim likes swimming。
26.be good at sth./doing sth。 17.like to do sth。喜爱做某事
擅长某事/做某事 Eg.He doesn’t like to swim now。
Eg.We are good at English。 18.feel like doing sth。想做某事
They are good at boating。
Eg.I feel like eating bananas。
27.It takes sb.sometime to do sth。 19.would like to do sth。愿意做某
事Eg.Would you like to go rowing with 某人花多少时间做某事 me Eg.It took me more than a year to
learn to draw a beautiful horse in five 20.would like sb.to do sth。愿意某
人做某事 minutes。
Eg.I’d like you to stay with me 28.sb.spend sometime/money(in)
tonight。 doing sth。
21.make sb.do sth。逼使某人做某 某人花多少时间做某事 事 Eg.I spent twenty years in writing
Eg.His brother of ten make shim the novel(小说)。
stay in the sun。 29.sb.spend sometime/money
22.let sb.do sth。让某人做某事 on sth。
Eg.Let m1e sing a song for you。 某事花了某人多少时间/金钱
Eg.Jim spent 1000 yuan on the 23.have sb.do sth。使某人做某事
bike。 Eg.You shouldn’t have the students work so hard。 30.sth.cost sb.some money。
24.be far from sp离某地远 某物花了某人多少钱
Eg.The bike cost Jim1000 yuan。
39.S+be+比较级+than any 31.sb.pay some money for sth。
other+n。 某人为某物付了多少钱
Eg.Lucy is taller than any other
Eg.Jim paid 1000 yuan for the student in her class。 bike。
40.have to do sth。不得不做某事 32.begin/start with sth。开始做某
事 Eg.I have to go home now。 Eg.The started the meeting with a 41.had better do sth。最好做某事
song。 Eg.You’d better study hard at
English。 33.be going to do sth。打算做某事
Eg.We are going to study in 42.had better not do sth。最好别做
某事 Japan。
34.call AB 叫AB Eg.You’d better not stay up。
Eg.They called the village Gum 43.help sb.to do sth。帮助某人做
某事 tree。
Eg.Lucy often helps Lily to wash 35.thank sb.for sth./doing sth。
her clothes。 感谢某人做某事
44.help sb.do sth。帮助某人做某事 Eg.Thank you for your help。
Eg.He usually helps me learn
Thank you for helping me。 English。
36.What……for,为什么 45.help sb.with sth。帮助某人做某
事 Eg.What do you learn English
for, Eg.I sometimes help my mother
with the housework。 37.How/what about doing sth.,
46.make it+时间 把时间定在几 做某事怎么样,
点
Eg.How about going fishing,
E g. Let‘ s make it 8:30. 38.S+be+the+最高级+of/in短语=
47.take sb.to sp带某人到某地
Eg.Lucy is the tallest in her
class。
Eg.Mr.Wang will take us to the 如:Tom,together with his family
is going on holiday.(汤姆和他的家人一起Summer Palace next Sunday。
去度假。) 49.have nothing to do (with sb)
4.时间、距离、金钱、重量等作
与某人没有关系 主语时,看作一个整体,谓语用单数形式。
Eg.That has nothing to do with 如:Five dollars is enough.(五美元me。 就足够了。)
50.主语+don’t think+从句 5.由what引导的名词性从句作
主语时,谓语用单数形式。 认为……不……
如:What they said is right.(他们 Eg.I don’t think it will rain
所说的是正确的。) tomorrow。
6.固定结构each+单数名词+and、 each+单数名词或every+单数名词+and、
every+单数名词,谓语动词用单数
主谓一致应注意的问题
如:Each boy and each girl has got
a seat.(每个男孩和女孩都有座位了。) 主谓一致是一个很重要的语法项目,
其中有些很重要的问题要注意。 7.a number of作主语时,谓语动
词用复数形式;the number of作主语时,谓 1.many a+单数名词作主语,意义
语动词用单数形式。 虽为“许多”,但谓语要用单数形式。
如:A number of people are trying 如:Many a student has been to
to learn English. (很多人在努力学英语。 Japan before.(很多学生去过日本。)
8 .动词不定式或动名词在句中作 2.某些复数名词如:shoes,
主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 glasses,trousers,scissors等作主语时,
谓语动词用复数形式,但如果前面有量词 如:To see is to believe.(眼见为出现,则谓语动词要用单数形式。 实。)
如:The trousers there are 初中英语句型大搜集 expensive.(那的裤子很贵。)
3.当主语中包括with,along
with,as well as,together with,besides,
except,but,including等时,谓语动词和
这些词前面的主语保持一致。
Lesson 1 Lesson 2
关键句型全总结(一) 关键句型全总结(二)
关键句型一:关于写信询问某事 关键句型一:表达个人观点的句的句型 型
1(I'm writing to request more 1. In my opinion, …在我看来……。 information about the day tour to
2( As far as I am concerned,…就我London.
看来……。
2. I'm writing for more information
3. Personally,…我个人认为……。 about the day tour to London.
4. From my point of view,… 在我 关键句型二:关于询问具体细节
看来……。 的句型
5. I think (that)…我认为……。 1. I'd like to know if you have any special prices for students. 6.As I see it.…在我看来……。
2. What about time for shopping? 关键句型二:阐述论据的句型(以Is it included in the schedule? 本题为例)
3. As for lunch, is it included in the 1. For one reason…For another
price? reason…
4. Can you tell me more details 一个大原因是……。另一个原因about the trip? 是……。
5. Please let me know the 2. What's more…此外…。 scheduled return time. 3. On the one hand, …on the other
6. I wonder if you could tell me hand,…
more about the trip.
一方面……,另一方面……。
7. I also want to know how long
Lesson 3 the tour will last.
关键句型全总结(三) 8. I have one final question, is there any time scheduled for shopping? 关键句型一:表示肯定的句型
33
1. I'm sure you'll like the delicious 关键句型三:表示提供帮助的句
Chinese food here! 型
2. I believe you will find Chinese 表示提供帮助的句型非常多,
food delicious. 我们旨在抛砖引玉,只给出几个参考
句型,希望同学们自己努力思考,平 3. I'm convinced that you'll love 时留意悼念相关的句型,为自己增加
Chinese food. 财富~
5. I bet you will love Chinese food! 1. Please set me know if you have
关键句型二:表示为某人提供某any questions or requests. 物 2. Just call me if there's anything
1. We'll provide you with a room of you need.
your own with a bed, a desk, a couple of 3. (Please) let me know if there's chairs and a TV. anything I can help you with.
2. We'll provide a room with a bed, 4. Don't hesitate to ask for help if a desk, a couple of chairs and a TV for
you have any questions or requests. you.
5. I'll be glad to help if you have 3. We'll supply you with a room
any questions or requests. that has a bed, a desk, a couple of chairs
and a TV. 6. I'd be glad if I could help.
4. We'll supply a room with a bed, 关键句型四:表示尽力做某事的
a desk, a couple of chairs and a TV for 句型
you. 1. We'll try our best to make your
5. We'll prepare a room with a bed, stay here in Beijing a pleasant a desk, a couple of chairs, and a TV for experience.
you. 2. We'll do everything we can to
6. You will have a room of your help you enjoy your stay here in Beijing. own with a bed, a desk, a couple of
3. We'll do all we can to help you chairs and a TV.
have a good time in Beijing.
34
4. We'll do our best to make your 关键句型一:表达信息来源的句stay in Beijing a happy one! 型
Lesson 4 1. I read in the newspaper that…
2.I learned from the newspaper 关键句型一:讲故事开头的句型
that… 1. Once upon a time there was a farmer who worked hard in the fields 3. By reading today's newspaper
every day. that…
2. There once was a farmer who 4.It says in today's newspaper
worked very hard every day. that…
3. Long long ago, there lived a 关键句型二:提出建议的句型 farmer who worked very hard every
关于提建议的句型非常多,这里day. 我们只给几个适用于这道题的提建议
4. One day, the farmer heard 句型:
something odd as he wad hoeing. 1. I think this is a good chance for
关键句型 二:陈述学到某种道理you to…
的句型 2. I'd like to suggest you…
1. The story tells us that if you
3. I think you might like to… want to get something, you must work hard for it. 4. I was wondering if you'd like to…
2. From the story, we learn that Jim's Contribution: only by working hard can we get what
I think this is a good chance for we want. you to enter the English Speaking
3. The story suggests: "No pains, Competition. no gains."
我认为这是你参加英语演讲比赛
4. The lesson in this story is that 的一个好机会。
you must work hard to get what you
关键句型三:主动提供帮助的句want.
型
Lesson 5
35
3. I'll let you know what we are 主动提供帮助的句型我们已经在
第一课学习了不少,这里我们再给大going to do.
家提供几个句型: 4. Let me fill you in on what we are
1. If there is anything I can do for going to do.
you, I would be glad to…
【fill sb. In on: 对某人提供……的
2. If there is anything I can do for 情况】
you, it will be my great pleasure to… 5. I'll give you the details / story /
3. Just tell me if I can be of any lowdown on what we are going to do. help. 关键句型三:表达期待某事的句
4. Don't hesitate to ask if you need 型
any help. 1. I'm looking forward to meeting
5. I would be very pleased to do you soon.
anything that would help you. 2. I expect to meet you soon. Lesson 6 3. I'm eager to meet you soon.
关键句型一:表示欢迎的句型 4. I can't wait to meet you soon.
1. Welcome to China. 1. Our school will arrange for some
2. I am glad to learn that you are top students to go to America for the coming to China. summer camp.
3. I feel very honored to have you 我们学校将组织一些优秀的学
here in China. 生到美国去参加夏令营。
4. My parents and I are very 2. What are you going to arrange pleased to have you with us for us during our stay in your city?
在我们呆在你所信的城市期间, 关键句型二:告知他人的句型
你将为我们安排些什么活动呢, 1. Now let me tell you what we are
going to do. Lesson 7
2. I would like to tell you what we 关键句型一:表达歉意的句型
are going to do.
36
1. I'm really / terribly / awfully 4. I won't be able to attend the sorry for not being able to attend the lecture tomorrow afternoon, for I have lecture. to meet my uncle at the airport.
2. I am so sorry that I won't be able 5. I have to meet my uncle at the
airport, and that's why I won't be able to attend the lecture.
to attend the lecture tomorrow
3. I'm afraid that I won't be able to afternoon.
attend the lecture.
6. The reason for my absence from 4. Excuse me for not being able to the lecture tomorrow afternoon was attend the lecture. that I have to meet my uncle at the
5. Please forgive me for not being airport.
able to attend the lecture. 7. Let me explain why I won't be
able to attend the lecture tomorrow 6. I apologize for not being able to
afternoon. attend the lecture.
8. It's because I have to meet my 7. Please accept my apologies for
uncle at the airport that won't be able not being able to attend the lecture.
to attend the lecture tomorrow
关键句型 二;说明理由的句型 afternoon.
1. Because I have to meet my uncle
关键句型三:关于询问的句型 at the airport, I won't be able to attend
1. I was wondering if I could take a the lecture tomorrow afternoon.
photo here. 2. Because of my promise to meet
2. I wonder if it is possible to take a my uncle at the airport, I won't be able
to attend the lecture tomorrow photo here.
afternoon. 3. I want to know if I can take a
3. Since I have to meet my uncle at photo here.
the airport, I won't be able to attend 4. Could you please tell me if I the lecture tomorrow afternoon. could take a photo here?
5. I'd like to find out if I could take
a photo here.
37
2. In my opinion, the school should 关键句型 四:提出请求的句型
encourage the students to exercise
1. Could I borrow the tape, please? more after class.
2. May I borrow the tape? 3. Personally, I believe the students
should get more exercise after class. 3. I'd like to borrow the tape.
4. Do you think I could borrow the 4. After reading these charts, I
can't help thinking that the school tape?
should encourage the students to Lesson 8 exercise more after class.
关键句型一:表示"花时间做某事" 5. If you ask me, I think the school 的句型 should encourage the students to do
1. They spend 25 minutes doing more exercise after class. sports every day. 6. It seems to me that the school
should encourage the students to get 2. The students put 25 minutes
more exercise after class. into sports activities every day.
7. I'd just like to say the school 3. They put in 25 minutes doing
should encourage the students to do sports every day.
more exercise after class. 4. 25 minutes is spent on the
8. I'd like to point out that the sports every day.
students should exercise more after
5. 25 minutes is taken up by sports class.
activities every day.
9. As far as I'm concerned, the
6. 25 minutes goes into sports students should do more exercise after every day. class. 【as far as I'm concerned: 就我而
言】 关键句型二:表达看法的句型
10. From my point of view, the 1. I think the school should
school should encourage the students encourage the students to exercise
to exercise more after class. more after class.
Lesson 9
38
2. I will take charge of the wall 关键句型一:表达可能性的句型
newspaper in my class. 1. Maybe you lost the money on
your way home. Or maybe you lent the 3. I will be in charge of the wall money to one of your friends but you newspaper in my class.
forgot about it. 4. I will take over the wall
2. You probably lost the money on newspaper in my class.
your way home. 5. I was assigned to take charge of
3. It's even possible that you lost the wall newspaper in my class. the money on your way home. 6. I'm responsible for the wall
4. It's likely that you lost the newspaper in my class.
money on your way home.
关键句型二;表达决定、决心的
5. There's also another possibility 句型
that you lost the money on your way
1. I decided to complete the task. home.
2. I'm determined to complete the
关键句型二:表达安慰的句型 task.
1. Take it easy.
3. I've fixed on completing the task.
2. It's no big deal. 4. I have made up my mind to
3. It's nothing to worry about. complete the task.
5. I've make a decision to complete 4. Don't be such a crybaby.
the task.
5. Don't worry (about it).
关键句型三:表达计划的句型 Lesson 10
1. I'm thinking of reporting some
关键句型一:表示负责某事的句events that happened around us on the 型 wall newspaper.
1. Today our teacher put me in 2. I will report some events that charge of the wall newspaper in my happened around us on the wall class. newspaper.
39
3. I'm going to report some events 6. Some of them argue that it is a that happened around us on the wall good idea to start learning English from newspaper. childhood.
4. I plan to report some events that 关键句型二:表示支持的句型
happened around us on the wall
1. Some of them agree with the newspaper. idea that English learning should start
5. I intend to report some events early I childhood.
that happened around us on the wall 2. Some of them are for the idea newspaper. that English learning should start early
6. I propose to report some events in childhood.
that happened around us on the wall 3. Some students think that it is newapaper. right to start learning English from Lesson 11 childhood.
4. Some students think it is a good 关键句型一:表达看法的句型
idea to learn English from a young age. 1. some of them think that it is
necessary to start learning English from 5. Some students consider it
reasonable to learn English from childhood.
childhood. 2. Some of the students point out
that it is good to start learning English 【reasonable adj. 合理的;有道理
from childhood. 的】
3. Some of them hold the idea that 6. Some people are in favor of it is necessary to start learning English learning English from a young age. at an early age. 7. Some of them approve of the
4. Their point of view is that it is idea that it is good to start learning necessary to start learning English from English from childhood.
childhood.
【approve of: 赞成;满意】
5. In those people's opinion, it is
8. Some students think that there good to start learning English at ah early
is something to the notion that English age.
40
learning should start at a young age.
【notion n. 观念;想法】
关键句型三:表示反对的句型 Lesson 12
1. Some of them don't think that it
关键句型:提出建议的句型 is a good idea to start learning English
1. You can use your pocket money at an early age.
in this way. 2. Other students are opposed to
the idea that children should start 2. I think you should use your learning English at a young age. pocket money in this way.
3. Other students don't think it is 3. I think you can use your pocket
suitable for the children to start money on these things. learning English at a young age. 4. You might as well use your
4. Some of them are against the pocket money in this way. idea that it is necessary to learn English
5. You'd better use your pocket from childhood.
money in this way.
5. Other students disapprove of
6. It's a good idea to use your the idea that it is necessary to learn
pocket money on these things. English from childhood.
7. I think it'll do you good to use
【disapprove of : 反对】 your pocket money on these things.
6. Other students disagreed with
8. I suggest that you should use the idea that it is necessary to learn
your pocket money on these things. English from childhood.
9. I would advise you to use your 7. But others do not agree with the
pocket money in this way. idea that it is necessary to learn English from childhood. Lesson 13
8. Some of the students would not 关键句型一:过去进行时的句型
like to give their support to the idea
1. At about 9 o'clock last night, I that it is necessary to learn English from
was doing my homework. childhood.
41
2. I was doing some washing when 2. I'm really sorry to have disturbed you called me last night. you.
3. He was listening to the English 3. I'm terribly sorry for disturbing tape when someone knocked at the you.
door.
4. I do apologize for disturbing you.
4. Mother was preparing for 5. A thousand pardons for supper when I went back home from
disturbing you. school yesterday afternoon.
6. I can't tell you how sorry I am for
关键句型二:提出要求的句型 disturbing you.
1. Could you please turn your TV
Lesson 14 down a bit?
关键句型一:一般过去时的句型 2. Would you please turn your TV
1. There was a park near our down a bit?
school. 3. Do you mind turning down your
TV a little bit? 2. Lots of students took part in the
lecture yesterday. 4. Could you possibly turn your TV
down a bit? 3. I spent my summer vacation in
Shanghai last year. 5. Do you think it would be
4. The firemen arrived, and soon possible to turn your TV down a bit?
the fire was under control. 6. I would appreciate it if you could
turn your TV down a bit. 5. Last Saturday evening, I went to
the movies with some friends. 【I would appreciate it if…如果……
6. Soon two policemen in a police 我净很感激。】
car came and arrested the thief.
关键句型三;道歉的句型
关键句型二:表示感谢的句型) 1. I'm awfully sorry that I have
disturbed you. 1. The woman thanked the old
man.
42
2. The woman sent her thanks to 1. Our school had started on a new
program to make the campus more the old man.
beautiful. 3. The woman felt very grateful to
2. Our school is staring a new the old man.
program to make the campus more
4. The woman appreciated the old beautiful.
man very much.
3. The program involves planting 5. The woman expressed her trees, building a garden, and decorating appreciation to the old man. the campus.
6. The woman expressed her 4. The program will be put into gratitude for the old man's help. action by us planting trees, building a
garden, and decorating the campus. 【gratitude n. 感激;谢意】
5. It's included in the program that Lesson 15
student artwork will decorate the halls
关键句型一:表达目的的句型 of our school.
1. The purposes of the program are 6. The program calls for a garden to make our school more beautiful. to be built for us to visit and relax.
2. We are carrying out this 7. In this program, we will set aside program in order to make our school a quiet grassy area where we can rest more beautiful. and do some reading.
3. We are going to carry out this 8. We will carry out the program by program so as to make our school more setting aside a quiet grassy area for us beautiful. to rest and do some reading.
4. We're trying to create a more 9. According to the program, we beautiful environment for the students. will plant different kinds of trees,
flowers and grass in and around our 5. We aim to create a more
school. beautiful environment for the students.
关键句型三:欢迎到访的句型 关键句型二;表示规划的句型
43
1. Welcome to visit our 2. There are still some school. disadvantages to living in the city.
2. If you are free, do come and visit 3. There are still some problems to our school. living in the urban area.
3. I hope you get the chance to 4. Life in an urban center brings its visit our school. own set of problems.
4. You are welcome to visit our 5. Life in the city is far from school if you have the chance. perfect.
5. We would like you to visit our 6. Urban life has it's downside. school whenever it is convenient for
7. Life for city-dwellers is not all you.
peaches and cream.
Lesson 16
关键句型一:表示"到某地度假"Lesson 17
的句型
关键句型一:表示"位于……"的句 1. I will spend this summer
型( ) holiday / vacation in the countryside.
1. The city is on the banks of the
【英式英语中说"holiday",美式英Yangtze River.
语中说"vacation".】
2. The city lies on the banks of the 2. I'm going to the countryside
Yangtze River. during the summer vacation.
3. The city stands on the banks of 3. I will go to the countryside for
the Yangtze River. vacation this summer.
4. The city is located on the banks
关键句型二:表达不足的句型 of the Yangtze River.
1. There are still some 5. The city is situated on the banks shortcomings to living in the urban
of the Yangtze River. area.
6. The location of the city is on the
banks of the Yangtze River.
44
关键句型二:表示取得发展的句Lesson 18
型 关键句型一:表达推荐的句型
1. Its economic status has
1. I suggest that you buy the improved a lot for the past ten years.
following two dictionaries.
2. Its economy has been growing 2. I'd like to recommend the very fast for the past ten years. following two dictionaries.
3. Its economy has been 3. I'd like to introduce the developing rapidly for the past ten
following two dictionaries to you. years.
4. I believe the following two 4. The city has made rapid progress
dictionaries will surely do you good. in its economy for the past ten years.
5. I think the following two
关键句型三:表达看法的句型 dictionaries are good for you to study
1. In my view, Jiang Cheng should Chinese.
develop its economy scientifically.
关键句型二:表示包含的句型
2. As far as I'm concerned, Jiang
1. It has 18,000 English words and Cheng should develop its economy
20,000 Chinese words. scientifically.
2. It records a large number of 3. In my opinion, Jiang Cheng
words. should develop its economy
3. It contains a vocabulary of scientifically.
10,000 words. 4. I think that Jiang Cheng should
develop its economy scientifically. 4. It consists of a great number of
words, notes and sample sentences. 5. From my point of view, Jiang
Cheng should develop its economy 5. Many notes telling you how to scientifically. use words are included in the
dictionary. 6. As I see it, Jiang Cheng should
develop its economy scientifically. 关键句型三:描述特点的句型
45
1. The English-Chinese / 1. The rent is 500 yuan per month. Chinese-English Dictionary is really a 2. You should pay 500 yuan a good one for beginners. month for the apartment.
2. The Xinhua Dictionary is the
3. You'll have to pay 500 yuan a most widely used Chinese dictionary.
month in rent.
3. The Xinhua Dictionary is the 4. The apartment will cost you 500 most popular Chinese dictionary. yuan per month.
4. It may be useful to some 5. The landlord will charge you 500 advanced learners of Chinese. yran every month.
【advanced adj. 高级的;先进的】 6. The apartment will set you back
5. It suits the advanced learners of 500 yuan a month.
Chinese. Lesson 20
Lesson 19 关键词一:be going to 打算(做
关键句型一:描述房子的句型 某事);计划(做某事)
1. It's a small apartment, about 25 1. I am going to enjoy myself over square meters, with a sitting room, a the vacation.
bathroom, a bathroom and a kitchen. 2. I'm going to spend my summer
2. It's a small apartment, consisting vacation by the sea.
of a sitting room, a bedroom, a 3. I'm going to take part in the bathroom and a kitchen. summer camp.
3. In the sitting room, you can see
关键词二:for example 例如 a coffee table, a sofa, a TV set and a
stereo. 1. You'll have a lot of fun by the
sea, For example, you can swim in the 4. In the bedroom, there is a bed, a sea, play in the sand and collect sofa, a desk and a chair. seashells.
关键句型二:描述"房租多少"的句 2. There are many topics you can 型 write about in your composition. For
46
example, you can talk bout your 1. In their opinions, the fees should favorite sport or your favorite song. be low.
2. They think that the fees should Lesson 21
be low.
关键句型一:表示"收费/免费"的
3. They believe that the fees 句型
should be low. 1. The ticket for entering the park
4. They are convinced that the fees is 50 RMB.
should be low. 2. It will cost you 50 yuan to enter
5. They suggest that the fees that park.
should be low. 3. It used to be free to enter the
park. 关键句型三:表示"影响(城市形
象)"的说法) 4. They believe a public park
1. It will become necessary to build should be free of charge.
gates and walls, which will make the 5. An entrance fee will be charged
city less attractive. for the park from next month.
2. It will become necessary to build
【李阳老师额外奉献:表示收费gates and walls, which will do harm to 的其他句型】 the appearance of a city.
1. The bill for the dinner is 120 3. It is certainly harmful to the yuan. appearance of a city if everyone litters
2. The tuition for this semester is wherever they like.
1500 yuan. 4. It is not good for the appearance
of a city to have such a lake full of 3. He was fined 200 RMB for
rubbish. violation of traffic regulation.
5. The city's appearance will suffer 【fine v. 罚款 violation n. 违反
from the increase in pollution. (法律等);违背 regulation n. 规则;
法令】
关键句型二:表示看法的句型
47
6. Some factories pour wastewater 7. It's breathtaking that Beijing into the river, which will diminish the won the bid for the 2008 Olympic beauty of a city. Games.
7. It really takes away from the 关键句型二:表示"决定做某事"
beauty of a city to have such filth 的句型(
everywhere. 1. After a brief discussion we
decided to put up a wall newspaper for 【take away from: 减损 filth n.
our class. 垃圾;污物】
2. After a brief discussion we made Lesson 22
a decision to put up a wall newspaper
关键句型一:描述激动心情的句for our class.
型
3. After a brief discussion we fixed
1. I was very excited when I on putting up a wall newspaper for our heard that Beijing won the bid for the class.
2008 Olympic Games.
4. After a brief discussion we made 2. How exciting that Beijing won up our minds to put up a wall the bid for the 2008 Olympic Games! newspaper for our class.
3. I couldn't restrain my 5. After a brief discussion we set excitement when I heard that Beijing our minds on putting up a wall won the bid for the 2008 Olympic
newspaper for our class. Games.
6. After a brief discussion we
4. How marvelous that Beijing won reached a decision that we should put the bid for the 2008 Olympic Games! up a wall newspaper for our class.
5. How wonderful to hear that
关键句型三:描述惊喜的句型 Beijing won the bid for the 2008
1. Our classmates were surprised Olympic Games!
and overjoyed when they say the wall 6. I'm in a great mood on hearing
newspaper. that Beijing won the bid for the 2008
Olympic Games.
48
2. Our classmates were pleasantly endless homework and attending surprised when they saw the wall classes, but now I have more free time. newspaper. 5. It's not like it used to be at all.
3. It was really a surprise to our Now I have more free time. classmates when they saw the wall
6. I have more free time than newspaper.
before.
4. It was really amazing that there
was a wall newspaper in the classroom.
Lesson 24 5. It was beyond their expectations
to see the wall newspaper, and all of 关键句型一:表示事情发生的句
them were extremely happy/ 型
Lesson 23 1. The traffic accident happened on
February 8,2000. 关键句型:表示过去与现在的对
2. The event took place early in the 比的句型(
morning on February 8,2000. 1. I had to work on weekends
doing endless homework and attending 3. The crossroad where 3rd meets classes in the past. However, things Park Street was where it happened. have changed a lot now. I have more
4. There was a traffic at the free time.
intersection of 3rd and Park.
2. I used to have to work even on
5. It occurred on the corner of 3rd weekends doing endless homework and
and Park. attending classes. Now I have more free
time. 关键句型二:表示"观察;注意"
的句型 3. In the past, I had to work on
weekends doing endless homework and 1. I paid attention to the car's attending classes. But now I have more license plate.
free time. 2. I noticed the plate number was
4. It's quite different now. I used to AC864.
have to work even on weekends doing
49
3. I got a look at his license plate. 4. There will be many kinds of
activities including singing pop songs The number was AC864.
and playing classical , folk music. 4. I got his license plate number.
5. We will have abundant activities
Lesson 25 during the music week, such as dinging
pop songs and playing classical , folk 关键句型一:宣布举行活动的句
music. 型
1. The Student Union has decided 【abundant adj. 丰富的;充裕的】
to organize a music week.
关键句型三;关于报名的句型
2. The Student Union will hold a 1. If you would like to join us, music week. please tell us before April 20th.
3. A music week will be held by the 2. If you'd like to take part in the Student Union. music week, please let us know before
4. We will have a music week held April 20th.
by the Student Union. 3. Those who are interested,
please make sure you are on our list by 5. There will be a music week held
April 20th. by the Student Union.
4. If interested, please come and 关键句型二:表达"活动包含……"
sign up for it before April 20th. 的句型
1. The activities will include singing 5. All wishing to participate please pop songs and playing classical , folk register before April 20th. music. 6. April 20th is the deadline to sign
2. Among the activities there will up.
be pop singing and classical , folk Lesson 26
performances.
关键句型一:告诉某人某事的句 3. Singing pop songs and playing
型 classical , folk music will be just
1. Do you know what has some of the activities offered.
happened in my school?
50
2. Let me tell you a few things 1. Our school is opposite to the about my school. new post office.
3. I'd like to let you know 2. On one side of the river there is something about my school. a row of trees.
5. I am writing to tell you 3. I will wait for you in front of the something about my school. gate of the park.
6. I would like you to know 4. On the other side now stands a something about my school. new movie theater.
5. We have made a lot of 关键句型二:表示"发生变化"的句
improvements on and around the 型
campus. 1. Quite a few changes have taken
place.
2. Quite a few changes have Lesson 27
occurred. 关键词一:give sb. a warm
3. Our school has experienced welcome 热烈欢迎某人
great changes. 1.When we visited the factory, the
4. Many changes have happened at workers there gave us a warm our school. welcome.
5. Many changes have been made 当我们到工厂参观的时候,那里
at our school. 的工人们热烈地欢迎我们。
6. Our school has gone through 2. When I got to Mary's house, her quite a few changes. family gave me a warm welcome.
当我去到玛丽家的时候,她一家 【go through: 经历;经受】
人热烈地欢迎我。 7. There are quite a few changes
3. Let's give a warm welcome to that have taken place.
Professor Li.
关键句型三:描述方位的句型
让我们热烈欢迎李教授。
51
2. He pointed to that oil painting 关键词二:show sb. around 带领
and told us about its history. 某人参观……
1. The farmers showed us around 他指着那幅油画,向我们介绍它the farm. 的历史。
农民们带我们参观了农场。 关键词二:explain v. 解释;说明
2. This afternoon, I will show you 1. The young man explained why
around the city. they stopped us.
今天下午,我会带你参观这城 那个年轻人解释人与人之间为市。 什么拦下我们。
2. He explained the reason why he 关键词三:have fun doing sth. 做
was made to catch the offenders. 某事很愉快。
1. Yesterday, we had great fun 他解释他被要求抓违章者的原playing basketball. 因。
3. She explained that her bus 昨天,我们条篮球打得很愉快。
hadn't come up on time. 2. Did you have great fun spending your vacation in the countryside? 她解释说她要乘坐的公交车没
有按时到达。 你是不是在乡村度过了一个非
常愉快的假期,
Lesson 29
Lesson 28 关键句型一:表示"学习课程"的句
型 关键词一:point to 指向;指着
1. Among the subjects I studied in 1. While talking to us, the young school were Chinese, math, English, man pointed to a policeman not far
physics, chemistry and computers. away.
2. The main subjects I studied at
那个年轻人跟我们说话的时候,school included Chinese, math, English,
指着不远处的一个警察。 physics, chemistry and computers.
52
3. I studied many different subjects 7. I'd say I am quite proficient at at school including Chinese, math, English and computers.
English, physics, chemistry and
【proficient adj. 熟练的;精通的】 computers.
关键句型三:表达爱好的句型 4. There are many subjects I
studied at school, such as Chinese, math, 1. I like / love playing guitar best. English, physics, chemistry and
2. In my spare time, I enjoy computers. listening to popular music and collecting
5. I studied lots of different stuff in stamps.
school, including, but not limited to,
3. I'm interested in collecting Chinese, math, English, physics,
stamps. chemistry and computers. 【非常正式】
4. I'm really fond of skating in
关键句型二:表示特长的句型 winter.
1. I like English and computers best,
5. My favorite sports are swimming and I am very good at them.
in summer and skating in winter.
2. I like English best, and I always
6. I adore listening to popular got high grades on the English exams.
music.
3. My strengths lie in English and
7. I'm crazy about sports. computers.
8. I find great pleasure in listening
【strength n. 力量;长处;优点】 to pop music.
4. My best subjects were English
9. I like nothing better than and computers.
swimming.
5. I did very well in English and
Lesson 30 computer classes.
关键词一:hold (a meeting / party 6. English and computers are my
/ contest) 举办/召开(会议/聚会/比赛areas of expertise.
等)
【expertise n. 专门知识;专门 1. The Student Union is going to 技能】 hold a party on Saturday evening.
53
1. At the end of the party, students 学生会计划在星期六晚上举办
are supposed to exchange gifts. 一个晚会。
2. A meeting will be held to discuss 在晚会的最后,学生们将交换礼how to cope with this problem. 品。
3. Our class will hold an English 2. We can use the Internet to
exchange information with other contest next Friday.
people in no time. 我们班下周五将举行一次英语
竞赛。 【in no time: 立刻;几乎马上地】
我们可以通过因特网迅速地和 关键词二:welcome v. 欢迎
别人交换信息。 1. The Student Union is going to hold a party to welcome our friends 3. In Mr. Li's class, we are
encouraged to exchange our ideas with from the United States.
each other. 学生会打算举行一个聚会来欢
在李老师的课上,他鼓励我们相迎来自美国的朋友。
互交流想法。 2. A performance will be put on this evening to welcome the freshmen 关键词四:wrap sth. Up 包裹(某in our university. 物);包装(某)
1. Remember to wrap it up, sign 【freshman n. 新生;大学一年
your name and write a few words of 级新生】
good wishes. 为了欢迎我们大学里的新生,今
记住把它包装好,签上名,并写晚将举行一场表演。
上一些祝福的语句 3. My mother prepared a big meal
2. Wrap the rubbish up with the to welcome my classmates.
old newspaper and throw it away,
为了欢迎我的同学,妈妈准备了please.
丰盛的晚餐。
请用旧报纸把垃圾包好扔掉。 关键词三:exchange (gift)交换(礼
3. The birthday present for Daisy 物等)
has been wrapped up.
54
5. Because the meal was very nice, 给戴西的生日礼物已经包好了。
we all enjoyed it very much. Lesson 31
关键句型三:道别的句型 关键句型一:买东西的句型(以
1. We said our goodbyes and 本题为例)
headed home. 1. Early in the morning we went to
2. At 4 o'clock, we said goodbye buy some presents for my grandma.
and set off for home. 2. We went to the shop to choose
3. "I am looking forward to seeing some presents for my grandma.
you again soon. Goodbye!" I said when I
3. We told the shop assistant that was leaving. we would like to buy some presents for
4. We all felt very happy today, and my grandma.
we hoped that we could meet again 4. We told the shop assistant that
very soon. we were looking for some presents for
5. It was time for us to leave. We my grandma.
all considered it nice meeting each 5. We told the shop assistant that
other. we were trying to find something for my
6. We waved goodbye to them and grandma's birthday.
left for home.
关键句型二:描述用餐的句型
Lesson 32 1. The meal was nice and we all
enjoyed it very much. 关键句型一:表示获奖的句型
2. The meal was delicious and we 1. He won a gold medal in the all loved it very much. diving event at the 11th Asian Games.
3. The meal was so nice that we all 2. He got the first place in the enjoyed it very much. diving event at the 11th Asian Games.
4. It was such a nice meal that we 3. He won the first prize in the all enjoyed it very much. diving event at the 11th Asian Games.
55
4. He became a world champion at 5. He put himself into his study the 6th Would Swimming when he was at school.
Championships early this year. 6. He put his heart into his
5. He beat all the other schoolwork when he was at school. competitors at the 6th World Swimming
Championships early this year.
Lesson 33 关键句型二:表示"喜欢做某事"
关键句型一:表示"担心;忧虑"的句型
句型( 1. He became interested in
swimming when he was a little boy. 1. I'm worried about the effects of
television, especially on our children. 2. He was fond of swimming when
he was a little boy. 2. I'm worrying that the TV has
more and more impact on our children. 3. He liked/ loved swimming very
3. It's a worry to me that the TV much when he was a little boy.
has more and more impacts on our 4. He developed an interest in
children. swimming when he was a little boy.
4. I'm very concerned that TV has 5. He developed a strong passion
influenced our children greatly. for swimming when he was very young.
5. I feel great concern for the
【passion n. 激情;热情】 effects of television, especially on our
关键句型三:表示"认真学习"的句children.
型 6. I am disturbed by the effects of
1. He studied hard at school. television, especially on our children.
7. The effects of television on our 2. He worked hard at school.
children disquiet me a great deal. 3. He devoted himself to his
studies. 【disquiet v. 使不安;使忧虑】
4. He gave his studies everything 关键句型二:表示"仿效"的句型
he had.
56
1. Many children copy what 5. The advertisements stimulate
the children to ask for things they don't they see on TV.
need. 2. Many children learn from the
6. The advertisements propel the bad examples shown on TV.
children to ask for things they don't
3. After watching the TV programs, need.
many children follow suit.
关键句型四:表示"导致"的句型 【follow suit: 照别人的方式去
1. Many children have to wear 做;学样(尤俯拾皆是坏的方面)】
glasses, and I believe it is because of the 4. Many children are in thrall to
long hours they spend watching TV. what they see on TV.
2. The long hours the children
【in thrall to: 受……控制;深spend watching TV cause many of them 受……影响】 to wear glasses.
5. Many children are enthralled by 3. The long hours the children what they see on TV. spend watching TV result in many of
them having to wear glasses. 【enthrall v. 迷惑;迷住;奴役】
4. The long hours the children 关键句型三:表示"诱导"的句型
spend watching TV lead to the fact that
1. The advertisements make the many of them having to wear glasses. children want things they don't need.
5. Many children end up having to
2. The advertisements attract the wear glasses due to the long hours they children to ask for things they don't spend watching TV.
need.
【end up doing: 结果是……】 3. The advertisements tempt the
children to ask for things they don't
need. Lesson 34
4. The advertisements allure the
关键句型一:请假的句型 children to ask for things they don't
need. 1. I want a day off.
57
2. I am writing to ask you for sick 3. The doctor prescribed medicine leave. and told me not to take it with alcohol.
3. She had a day off because she'd 【prescribe v. 开处方;开药】
got a bad cold. 4. The doctor advised me to stay in
4. I have to take a day off because bed.
of the serious headache. 5. The doctor suggested drinking
5. He requested a leave of more water.
absence. 6. The doctor's orders were plenty
6. He was out sick for a day. of exercise and Vitamin C.
7. The doctor recommended that I 关键句型二:描述生病的句型
rest. 1. I had a bad cold.
2. I had a headache / stomachache
/ backache / sore throat yesterday. Lesson 35
【sore throat: 喉咙痛】 关键句型一:表示感谢(别人的
3. I had got a high fever. 邀请)的句型
1. It was very nice of you to 4. I feel a pain in my leg.
invite me. 5. There is a serious pain in my
2. It is so kind of you to invite me back.
to spend the summer holidays with you. 6. That night I had a bad attack of
3. Thank you so much for your kind diarrhea.
invitation to spend the summer holidays
关键句型三:叫某人做某事with you.
的句型
4. I can't tell you how happy I was 1. The doctor asked me to stay in
to receive your invitation. bed for three days.
5. What a delightful idea to spend
2. The doctor told me to take this the summer vacation in your village medicine three times a day. with you! Thank you.
58
关键句型二:表示拒绝(邀请)关键句型一:表示"从事……工作"
的句型 的句型(
1. It was very nice of you to invite 1. My mother is a nurse. me, but I'm sorry to say that I will not
2. My mother works in a hospital. be able to come.
3. My mother's job is a nurse. 2. I'm terribly sorry, but I don't
think I can make it. Thank you all the 4. My mother works as a nurse in a same. hospital.
3. I'd love to spend a few days with 5. My mother's field is nursing. you, but I'm afraid I can't. 6. My mother is / works in the
4. Many thanks for your invitation, nursing profession.
but I'm afraid that I will not be able to
关键句型二;表示称赞的句型( come.
1. They all say she is a good 5. I wish I could, but I've already
nurse. fixed something up.
2. All the people consider my
【fix up: 安排】 mother a good nurse.
关键句型三:表达"照顾某人"的句 3. Everyone agrees that my mother 型 is an excellent nurse.
1. I will have to look after my
4. Everyone acknowledges that my mother.
mother is a good nurse.
2. I have to take care of my
5. Lots of people can't help mother. admiring my mother's devotion to her
3. I'm responsible for my mother's job.
care.
关键句型三:描述"尽心尽力"力的
4. There's no one but me to watch 句型
out for mom.
1. She works hard.
Lesson 36
59
2. She really puts her heart into 3. It was built in about 770 BC. helping her patients. 4. It was constructed in about 770
3. She does everything she can to BC.
ease their suffering. 5. People began to build it in about
4. Whenever the patients are in 770 BC.
trouble, she is always ready to help 6. Its construction started in about them. the year 770 BC.
5. She is very kind to the patients
关键句型二:表示长、宽、高的and always tries her best to serve them.
句型()
6. She goes above and beyond the
1. It is more than 6,000 kilometers call of duty to make sure her patients
long, 6 to 7 meters high and 4 to 5 are OK.
meters wide.
【above and beyond: 大于;多 2. Its length is 6,000 kilometers, 于;远于】 height is 6 to 7 meters and width is 4 to
7. She gives her job 110%. 5 meters.
3. It is 6,000 kilometers in length, 6 【 "give sth. 110%"是一个英语习
to 7 meters in height and 4 to 5 meters 惯用语,表示"尽力做某事",这是一种
夸张的说法。还可以说"give sth. in width.
100%",但前者用得更多。】 关键句型三:"不到长城非好汉"
的翻译方法
1. You're not a man until you visit Lesson 37
the Great Wall. 关键句型一:表示"始建于……"的
2. You're no man; you've never 句型
been to the Great Wall. 1. It dates from about 770 BC.
3. He who has never been to the 【date from:从……就有了】
Great Wall is not a true man. 2. It dates back to about 770 BC.
4. He who has never been to the 【date back to:回溯到】
Great Wall is hardly a real man.
60
5. How can you call yourself a man 6. Thanks to the book, The Old if you haven't even been to the Great Man The Sea, he received the Pulitzer Wall? Prize.
7. His book, The Old Man and The
Sea, made a great stir with the public Lesson 38 after it was published.
关键句型一:表示出生的句型 【make a stir: 引起轰动】
1. Ernest Miller Hemingway was
关键句型三:描述自杀的句型 born in Oak Park, lllinois in the year
1899. 1. He shot himself in 1961
2. Ernest Miller Hemingway 2. He took his own life with a gun entered/came into this world in 1899. in 1961.
3. Ernest Miller Hemingway's 3. He killed himself with a gun in mother gave birth to him in 1899. 1961.
4. His death, by his own hand, in 关键句型二:表达取得成功的句
1961, was truly a sad event. 型(以本题为例)
1. The Old Man and The Sea was 5. He committed suicide with a gun his most successful novel. in 1961.
2. The greatest novel he had 6. He blew himself away in 1961. published was The Old Man and The
【blow away: 用枪射杀】 Sea.
Lesson 39 3. His book, The Old Man and The
Sea, turned out to be a great success. 关键句型一:表达递进(除了我,
其他人也……)的句型(以本题为例) 4. His book, The Old Man and The
1. Besides me, most students of Sea, won him the Pulitzer Prize.
our school are against the construction 5. For the book, The Old Man and
of a chemical works near our school. The Sea, he won the Pulitzer Prize.
2. I am against the construction of
a chemical works near our school.
61
Moreover, most students hold 6. The works will make a lot of
money for our city. However, we think it the same idea as me.
will do us more harm than good. 3. Not only I, but also most of the
other students of our school disapprove 7. In spite of the great amount of of the construction of a chemical plant money the works will make for our city,
we think it will do us more harm than near our school.
good. 4. Most students of our school,
including me, oppose to the 8. Despite the possibility that the construction of a chemical works near works will make a lot of money for our
city, we think it sill do us more harm our school.
than good. 关键句型二:表示转折(尽管……
关键句型三:表示"对……有害"的但……)的句型
句型(以本题为例) 1. The works will make a lot of
money for our city, but we think it sill 1. The chemical works will do harm do us more harm than good. to our city.
2. The works will make a lot of 2. It is bad for our city to build a money for our city, while we think it will chemical works.
do us more harm than good. 3. A chemical works would be a
3. Though the works will make a lot disaster for our city.
of money for our city, we think it will do 4. It will be harmful to build a up more harm than good. chemical works in our city.
4. Although the works will make a
5. Building a chemical works could lot of money for our city, we think it will
only bring harm to our city. do us more harm than good.
6. The chemical works will have a 5. Even if the works will make a lot bad effect on the environment of our of money for our city, we think it will do
city. us more harm than good.
7. The proposed chemical works
will have an adverse effect on our city.
62
6. I'm worried that he won't be 【adverse acj. 不利的;敌对的;
able to communicate while visiting 相反的】
tourist attractions or shopping.
关键句型三:请求帮助的句型 Lesson 40
1. I have a favor to ask you. 关键句型一:(在信中)介绍某
2. Would you be kind enough to 人的句型
give him as much help as possible? 1. I'd like to introduce my younger
3. Would you be kind enough to brother to you.
give him as much help as possible? 2. Have I ever introduced my
4. I'd really appreciate it if you younger brother to you:?
gave him a little help. 3. I would like you to get to know
5. Would you mind looking out for my younger brother.
him while he's in the city? 4. Let me introduce my younger brother to you. 【look out for: 照料;当心】
6. Could you please do me a favor 关键句型二:表示担心的句型(
and look out for him while he's in the 1. The only problem is his English
city? isn't so great.
Lesson 41 2. He is afraid that people won't be able to understand him. 关键句型一:比较级和最高级的
句型 3. I find it very worrying that his
1. People are much richer than English is not so good.
before. 4. It's a worry to me that he won't be able to communicate with the 2. People here now live a much
people there. better life than before.
5. I'm very concerned that his poor 3. This small village has become
English will cause him a lot of trouble. more beautiful than before.
63
4. The teaching building is the 6. Have you ever heard about the biggest building in our village. changes happened in our village?
5. The teaching building is the
greatest construction in our village.
Lesson 42
关键句型二:表示"没有"句型(以 关键句型一:表达"因……而出名"
本题为例) 的句型
1. There were no schools in our 1. Our area is famous as a great village. producer of coal, oil and gas.
2. Our little village didn't even have
2. Our area is very famous for its a school.
coal, oil and gas production.
3. We had no schools in our village 3. Thanks to its coal, oil and gas in the past. production, our area became very
4. My hometown is a poor village famous.
without school. 4. It is well known for its coal, oil
5. There was not so much as a and gas production.
school in our village. 5. Its reputation for its coal, oil and
gas production. 关键句型三:现在完成时的句型
1. Children have got a place to 6. We made our name for turning have lessons. out high quality coal, oil and gas.
2. People have built a new school 【turn out: 生产;制造】
in our village. 7. Our area enjoys a good
3. I haven't been back to my reputation for turning out a large hometown for two years. quantity of coal, oil and gas.
4. Great changes have taken place 【enjoy a good reputation for: in our village since 1980. 因……而享有声誉】
5. The living standard has been 关键句型二:表示"对……有影响"
greatly improved since 1980. 的句型
64
1. The gas production greatly Lesson 43
affects the coal and oil production. 关键句型一:表示"起重要作用"
2. The coal and oil production are 的句型
greatly affected by the gas production. 1. The Internet is greatly
3. The gas production greatly affecting our daily life. influences the coal and oil production. 2. The Internet is very important to
4. The gas production has great us nowadays.
influence on the coal and oil 3. The Internet has a big impact on production. our daily life.
关键句型三:表示"促进……增长" 4. The Internet is changing the way 的句型( we live our lives.
1. The opening of new oil , 5. The Internet is transforming the gas fields made the three areas of
way we live our lives. production increase rapidly.
6. The Internet is playing an
2. The opening of new oil , gas important role in people's daily life. fields led to a rapid increase of the coal, oil and gas production. 7. The Internet is playing an
important part in people's daily life. 3. The opening of new oil , gas
fields caused a rapid increase of the 关键句型二:表示"与他人取得联
coal, oil and gas production. 系"的句型
4. The opening of new oil , gas 1. I will call you once I get there. fields resulted in a rapid increase of the
2. I keep in touch with my old coal, oil and gas production.
friends via e-mail.
5. The opening of new oil , gas 3. Please write to Mr. White to ask fields brought about a rapid increase of
for some advice. the coal, oil and gas production.【bring
4. You can make telephone calls to about: 使发生;引起;致使】
me if you miss me.
65
5. I sent e-mail to my father when 6. I would like to be a teacher in he was traveling in London. the future.
7. I wish to be / become a teacher 关键句型三:表示"利用某物做某
in the future. 事"的句型
1. We can listen to music using our 8. I hope I will become a teacher in computer. the future.
2. Many people now use the 9. I've decided to be a teacher in Internet for study. the future.
3. Many students read different 10. I've made up my mind to kinds of articles via the Internet. become a teacher in the future.
4. We can take advantage of the 11. I'm determined to become a Internet to learn foreign languages. teacher in the future.
5. I can use the Internet to get 12. I have a dream and that is to information about this ever-changing become a teacher in the future. world. 关键句型二:表示"浪费时间"的句
6. Make good use of the Internet, 型
you'll find that you can get a lot of
1. It's a waste of time persuading benefits from it.
him to give up his idea.
Lesson 44 2. Why are you wasting your time
on that stuff? 关键句型一:谈论梦想的句型
1. I'm going to be / become a 3. I think watching TV is a waste of teacher. time.
2. My dream is to be a teacher. 4. I don't want to waste your time.
3. I dream of becoming a teacher. 5. No one can afford to waste time.
4. My goal is to become a teacher. 【一定要珍惜一分一秒~最大限
度地利用你的零碎时间来练习英语 5. I want to be / become a teacher
吧~】 in the future.
66
关键句型一:表示"构成危害"的句 【李阳老师额外奉献】
型 Any spare moment can be a
great opportunity to exercise your 1. Pollution has become a serious English skill. One minute is enough to problem to all the nations of the world.
read a sentence 20 times. Remember,
2. Pollution has become a great one minute can also produce miracles.
risk to our earth. Never say that you don't have enough
time to learn English! 3. Pollution is a danger to us all.
任何零碎时间都是训练英语技能 4. Pollution is a threat to mankind. 的好机会~一分钟足以将一个句子读 5. Pollution has threatened our 20遍。记住:一分钟也可以创造奇迹。
lives greatly. 永远都不要说你没时间学英语~
6. Pollution has brought great to 关键句型三:表示"献身于……"的
human beings. 句型
7. Pollution troubles / vexes / 1. I will devote myself to the
irritates us no end. cause of education.
关键句型二:表示"采取措施"的句 2. I will give all my life to the cause
型 of education.
1. Something must be done to 3. I will dedicate my life to the
tackle the problem. cause of education.
2. We've got to do something 4. I will make the cause of
about pollution right away. education my life's work.
3. We must take action now to 5. I will work for the cause of
control pollution. education my whole life.
4. We have to take effective 6. I will work with all my heart and
measures to solve this problem. soul for the cause of education.
5. We should adopt some
【heart and soul: 全心全意地】 measures to fight against pollution. Lesson 45
67
6. It's time to take steps to control 关键句型三:表示"挤满了……"的the increasingly serious pollution. 句型
1. The children crowd the park's Lesson 46
facilities. 【facilities n. (pl.)设备】 关键句型一:表示"成立;建立"
2. The park is full of children on 的句型
weekends. 1. The Children's Center was
3. A great number of children set up in 1994.
gather at the park every weekend. 2. The Children's Center opened
4. The children throng the park on was built in 1994.
Sunday. 【throng v. 群集】 3. The Children's Center opened
5. Children fill the park to capacity ten years ago.
on weekends. 4. The Children's Center was
6. The park is jam-packed with founded ten years ago.
children on Sunday. 关键句型二:表示"接待参观者"
关键句型四:表示"洋溢着……"的的句型
句型 1. The Children's Center has had 10 million guests since it opened a decade 1. The children fill the park
ago. with their laughter.
2. The Children's Center has 2. The park is always full of
received over 10 million visitors from all children's laughter. over the country. 3. The park resonates with the
3. 10 million visitors from all over laughter of children. the country have visited the Children's
4. The park is always filled with Center since it opened ten years ago.
children's laughter.
4. 10 million visitors from all over 5. All across the park you can hear the country have paid a visit to the
the sound of children's laughter. Children's Center since it opened ten years ago.
68
6. The park is turned into a sea of 4. All of us hold him in high regard, children's laughter every weekend. for he's an excellent teacher.
5. We hold him in high esteem, for
he's an excellent teacher. Lesson 47
【esteem n. 尊敬;尊重】 关键句型一:表示演讲主题的句
型 关键句型三:表达谢意的句型(
1. We are all here today to 1. We will express our gratitude to hold a farewell party for Mr. Green. him.
2. We are gathered here today to 2. We would like to extend our say goodbye to Mr. Green, our best gratitude to him.
teacher. 3. Words can't tell how much his
3. The reason why we are here teaching meant to us.
today is to give our best wishes to Mr. 4. I'd like to say "thank you " to Green who will leave us soon for his
him on behalf of all the students. motherland.
关键句型四:表达祝福的句型 4. I am very honored to be here on
behalf of all of you to send our best 1. May every success go with wishes to Mr. Green who will leave us him.
soon for his motherland. 2. Have a happy journey and good
luck! 关键句型二:表示"爱戴"的句型
1. All the students love and respect 3. We wish him the best in him very much. everything he does!
2. Mr. Green was such a good 4. We wish him a pleasant journey teacher that he was respected by all of and good health.
us. 5. We hope everything goes well
3. We all have the utmost respect with him in all of his days for him because he's such a great
Lesson 48 teacher.
69
4. I began to study in this high 关键句型一:表示"申请职位"的句
school in 2001. 型
1. I want to apply for a post in your 5. I graduated from Beijing company. University in 2002.
2. I would like to work for you as a 关键句型三:表达期望的句型
sales assistant. 1. I await your response.
3. I'm really interested in the post
2. I'm waiting for your reply. you advertised in today's newspaper.
3. Hope to hear from you soon. 4. I'm looking for a job like that
kind you offer. Could you please give 4. I am eagerly anticipating your me a chance? reply.
5. I heard that you were looking for 5. I'm looking forward to hearing a sales assistant. Do you still have that from you soon.
vacancy? 6. I'm expecting to get your reply in
【vacancy n. 空缺;空职】 the not too distant future.
6. I wish that I could be so 7. I would appreciate your prompt fortunate to have the opportunity to reply.
work in your company as a sales
8. An early reply will be assistant.
appreciated.
关键句型二:表示教育背景的句
Lesson 49 型
关键句型:表示"击败某人"的句型 1. I have got the high school
diploma. 1. The Italian team beat
Germany three to one. 2. I majored in accounting in
university. 2. The Italian team defeated
Germany three to one. 3. I have been learning English for
8 years.
70
3. The Italian team won the game 关键句型二:表示"忙着做某事"
against German team by a score of 的句型
three to one. 1. Some farmers were busy
4. The Italians dominated the picking the apples from the trees. Germans three to one. 2. Some farmers were tied up with
5. The final score was three to one work in the field.
in the Italians' favor. 3. Some farmers were absorbed in
their apple picking. 【in one's favor: 对某人有利】
6. The Italian team triumphed over 4. Some farmers were busy with Germany three to one. work in the field.
7. The Italians walloped the 5. Some farmers were occupied Germans, with the final score three to with work in the field. one.
关键句型三:赞美风景的句型
Lesson 50 1. It was extremely beautiful!
关键句型一:描述天气的句型 2. The scene was so charming!
1. The weather is very good /
3. What a beautiful scene it was! lovely / terrible / too bad.
4. How beautiful the scene was! 2. The weather is neither too hot
nor too cold. 5. I have never been to such a
lovely place! 3. It's sunny / cloudy / windy /
rainy / snowy. 6. It was really a wonderful place!
4. There's not a cloud in the sky. 7. It was a picturesque scene!
5. There's not a cloud in the sky. 8( The scene was as beautiful as a
painting! 6. There's plenty of sunshine
today. 下面我们就提供一些关键词语,希望
对同学们今后的写作有所帮助。请同 7. It's hot / warm / cool / cold /
学们疯狂朗读、反复狂读,争取把它chilly.
71
们都烂熟于心~这样,写作文时就能 even if 即使 得心应手~ even though 即使
一、表示递进关系的关键词语 however 然而;
Additionally 加之;可是
又 in spite of 不管
besides 此外; instead 代替;而除……之外 不是
equally important 同样
nevertheless 然而;不重要的是
过
furthermore 此外; on the contrary 正相而且 反
in addition 另外 otherwise 另外;
in other words 换句不同地
话说 regardless of 不管;
last but not least 最后但不顾
同样重要的是 still 依然;仍然
moreover 而且; though 虽然;可此外 是
that is say 即;就是;
while 而 换句话说
yet 然而;但
二、表示转折关系的关键词语 是;仍
although 虽然;
三、表示选择关系的关键词语 尽管
either…or… ……或…… at the same time 同
时;但是 instead of… ……,而
不是…… despite 不管;尽
管;不论
72
neither…nor… ……和…… as a result of 作为
结果 都不……
not…but… 不是…… because (of) 因为 而是…… consequently 从而;
rather than… 宁可;胜因此
过 due to 由于;应归于
whether…or not 是否 hence 因此;从此
四、表示比较关系的关键词语
in that 由于;因为;既然
compare with / to 与……比较 now that 因为;既然
equally 相等地;平等地 on account of 由于
in comparison with 与……比较
owing to 由于;因……的缘故
in contrast 相反;
so 所以 大不相同
so that 所以 in contrast to 和……
对比 thanks to 由于
in the same way 同样 therefore 因此;所以 地
thus 因此
instead 代替;改
六、用于表示总结的关键词语 为
above all 最重要的是 on the contrary 正相
反 accordingly 于是
while 而 as a consequence 因此
五、表示因果关系的关键词语 as a result 结果
accordingly 因此;as has been noted 如前所述 从而
as I have said 如我所述
73
eg :I like watching monkeys jump at last 最后
2 (比较级 and 比较级) 表示越来 briefly 简单扼要地
越怎么样
by doing so 如此
3 a piece of cake =easy 容易 certainly 当然地;无疑地
4 agree with sb 赞成某人 consequently 因此
5 all kinds of 各种各样
eventually 最后
a kind of 一样 hence 因此
6 all over the world = the whole
in a word 总之 world 整个 世界
in brief 简言之 7 along with 同„„一道,伴
随„„ in conclusion 总;最后
eg : I will go along with you 我将 in short 简而言之
和你一起去
in summary 简要地说
in sum 总之;简而言之
obviously 显然
the students planted trees along
on the whole 总体来说;整个看来 with their teachers 学生同老师们一起
种树 to conclude 总而言之
8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 to speak frankly 坦白地说
9 as you can see 你是知道的 to sum up 总而言之
10 ask for „„求助 向„要„(直to summarize 总而言之
接接想要的东西) eg : ask you for my
初中英语词组总结50个 book
11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、
feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词)+ 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 do ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事
74
13 at the age of 在„„岁时 eg:I eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 允许看电视 I should be allowed to
watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 14 at the beginning of „„ „„
23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 的起初;„„的开始
eg : Don't be angry with me
15 at the end of +地点/+时间 最
24 be angry with(at) sb for doing 后;尽头;末尾 eg : At the end of the day
sth 为什么而生某人的气 16 at this time of year 在每年的这
25 be as„原级„as 和什么一样 个时候
eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句 感觉/对什么有信心,自 26 be ashamed to 信
27 be away from 远离
eg : I am / feel confident of my
28 be away from 从„„离开 spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 29 be bad for 对什么不好 eg :
Reading books in the sun is bad for your
18 be + doing 表:1 现在进行时
eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 2 将来时
30 be born 出生于 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原)
能够„„ eg : She is able to sing She 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么can sing 事 be busy with sth 忙于„„
20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 32 be careful 当心;小心 eg :she is able to sing
33 be different from„„ 和什么
21 be afraid to do (of sth 怕„„ 不一样
eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm
34 be famous for 以„„著名 afraid of dog
35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什
么 36 be from = come from 来自
75
eg :He is from Bejing He comes 49 be mad at 生某人的气
from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he
50 be made from 由„„制成(制come from Bejing ?
成以后看不见原材料)
37 be full of 装满„„的 be filled
英语常见的几种特殊替代用法 with 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water
替代词,就是在日常学习中所用的代
38 be glad+to+do/从句 词或量词。针对学生们常见的一些练
习和考题, 总结了一下几种特殊替代 39 be going to + v(原) 将来时
用法:
40 be good at(+doing) = do well in
it 在句中作形式主语或形式宾语的替在某方面善长, 善于„„
代用法
41 be good for 对什么有好处 eg :
1. it作形式主语可以代替句中的动词Reading aloud is good for your English
不定式、动词-ing分词或一个句子。
42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事
It is important for us to learn English
43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处 well. (it替代不定式to learn English)
eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you It is no use making such an apology to
大声朗读对你有好处 us Chinese. ( It 替代动词-ing分词
making such an apology) Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处 It is happy for her parents that she is
well now. (it 替代句子that she is well 44 be in good health 身体健康
now)
45 be in trouble 处于困难中 eg :
2. it作形式宾语可以代替句中的动词She is in trouble They are in tronble
不定式,此时句中的谓语事由某些特
46 be interested in 对某方面感兴殊动词 (如:findthinkfeel等)充当的。 趣 I find it impossible to finish so much
47 be late for = come late to 迟到 work in such a short time. (it 替代不定eg: Be late for class 上课迟到 式to finish so much work)
48 be like 像„„ eg : I'm like my that this在句中的替代用法
mother
76
2. that在句中放先行词后,引导限定性1、 that
定语从句。既可指物,也可指人。 A: I’m going to wear my new jeans to
The book that she borrowed from the her party.
library was lost. ( that替代的是The
B: You can’t do that. (that替代to wear book)
my new jeans to her party这一事情)
The man that with a knife in his hand is 2. this
a murderer. (that替代的是The man )
this 在介绍某人或某物时,指的是靠The pants are too small for me, Can you 近自己的一方。 show me another pair? (因为another
后面只能跟单数可数名词,故而这里A: Hi, Mr. Smith, This is my friend, Bill.
用pair代替,意为a pair of pants) B: Nice to meet you, Bill.
如果没有another时,则可用ones替
C: Nice to meet you, Mr. Smith. 代。
This 在电话用语中指的是自己。 The red pants are too small for me. Can
you show me the blue ones. (此处onesA: Hello, may I speak to Miss Li?
替代的是pants) B: This is Miss Li speaking. (我就是李女
同样,当遇上不可数名词时,也要用士)
相应的一些量词来代替one 的概念,
which、that 、who、whom在定语从或用相应的量词复数来代替ones的概
句中的替代用法 念。
1. which 在句中放指物的先行词后或The paper is too small for the little girl 整个句子后,引导限定性定语从句或to paint on, please give her another 非限定性定语从句。 piece.(因为有a piece of paper)
She said I was lazy, which isn’t I’m so hungry that this slice of chicken true.( which替代句子 She said I was isn’t enough. Could you give me 3 more lazy) slices?(代替的是3 more slices of
chicken.) This is the pen which was bought by my
father. (which替代的是 the pen) 更多例句(请注意下面两句的细微差
别)
77
1) A: Look! There are many bottles of (1)there be 句型
milk on the desk. There is going to be a meeting. B: Yes, and which one do you like best?
There is a book on the table. (此处用one的原因是A句中已经出现
bottles of milk, 所以可以代替one (2)here, there, now, then, in, out等副
bottle of milk) 词置于句首时,主谓倒装,但如果主
语是人称代词时,主语和谓语语序不2) A: There is much milk on the desk.
倒装,如,Here comes the bus. B: Yes, but which bottle bag do you like
Here he comes. best? (此处A句中心词为milk,因为
milk 前面不能用one 来直接修饰,而(3)直接引语的部分或全部位于句首
只能用bottle或bag 来代表数量,可时,有时也用倒装,如,"What he said 以说a bottle of milk a bag of milk) meant nothing", said the teacher.
某些名词所有格也可以作替代词 (4)为保持句子平衡,强调表语或状语,
使上下文紧密衔接时须完全倒装,如,如: In front of the house sat a small boy.
1) A: Where is Jeanie?
2、部分倒装
B: Oh, she is at Mary’s. (这里的Mary’
(1)so, neither, nor置于句首说明与前s代替的是Mary’s house)
者情况一致时,如,
2) Yesterday Tom’s father was ill, now I like swimming, so does my brother. he is at the doctor’s. ( 这里的doctor’
s代替的是doctor’s room 或doctor’(2)only +状语放在句首,如,Only s clinic) through this method can we win.
Only in this way can we do the work 倒装
well.
I.要点 (3)含有否定意义的词置于句首,如,
Hardly, scarcely, not, seldom, no sooner, 按"主语+谓语"这种顺序排列的句子是
never, little, at no time, in no way, no 陈述语序,如果变为"谓语(或谓语的一
more等,如,Never had I heard that. 部分)+主语",就是倒装语序。
Little did I know about this. 1、全部倒装
78
(4)以often, so +形容词或副词开头的限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧
跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,句子,如,
从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主So heavy is the box that he cannot carry
句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说it
明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。 (5)用于省略if的虚拟条件句中,将had, 四、关系代词的用法 were, should提前,如,
1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以Were I you, I wouldn't do that. 用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,Had he come, we would have won. 作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。
例如:
(6)用于某些表示祝愿的句中,如,
Mary likes music that is quiet and
May you be happy for ever. gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作
主语) 定语从句用法
The coat (that) I put on the desk is
一、定语从句的概念 blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色
的。(that作宾语) 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代
词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词 2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可先行词的后面。 省略。例如:
二、定语从句的关系词 The building which stands near the
train station is a supermarket.位于火车 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代
站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括
语) that, which, who(宾格whom,所
有格whose)等,关系副词包括where, The film (which) we saw last night
when, why等。关系代词和关系副词was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作部电影很好看。(作宾语) 用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
3.who, whom用于指人,who 用
三、定语从句的分类 作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,
有时可用who代替whom, 也可省略。 根据定语从句与先行词的关系,
例如: 定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非
79
The girl who often helps me with 形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不my English is from England.经常在英语用which.例如:
方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作 He was the first person that passed
主语) the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming
b.被修饰的先行词为all, any, is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师
much, many, everything, anything, 是谁?(作宾语) none, the one等不定代词时,只能
注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,用that,而不用which.例如: 介词放在句末时,who, that, which Is there anything that you want to
可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如: 西要买吗?
This is the house in which we lived
c.先行词被the only, the very, last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。 the same, the last, little, few 等
Please tell me from whom you 词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你例如:
从谁那借的这本英文小说。 This is the same bike that I lost.这
(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,就是我丢的那辆自行车。
介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置 d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,上。例如: 只能用that, 而不用which.例如
This is the person whom you are I can remember well the persons
looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。 and some pictures that I saw in the
(3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词见到的人和一些照片。
的后面。例如: e.以who或which引导的特殊疑
The city that she lives in is very far 问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如: away.她居住的城市非常远。 Who is the girl that is crying? 正在
(4)关系词只能用that的情况: 哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高
级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、
80
f.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语 This is place where he works.这是的定语从句用that,而不用which.例他工作的地点。
如: (3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,
There is a book on the desk that 起原因状语作用。例如: belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆 Nobody knows the reason why he
的。 is often late for school. 没人知道他为
什么上学总迟到。
(5)关系词只能用which,而不用
that 的情况:
a.先行词为that, those时,用
which, 而不用that.例如:
What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?
b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用
which,而不用that.例如:
This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
c.引导非限制性定语从句,用
which, 而不用that.例如:
Tom came back, which made us
happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。
五、关系副词的用法
(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时
间,在句中作时间状语。例如:
This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。
(2)where指地点,其先行词表示
地点,在句中作地点状语。例如:
81