雅思长难句剖析独家word版[新版]

雅思长难句剖析独家word版[新版] ------------------------------------------------------ 雅思阅读长难句 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 : 1 and it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 2 whether the government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 3 how well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 4 there is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 5 furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry , and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. ---------------------------1-5答案-----------------答案: and it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training. 要点:句子的框架是 and it is imagined „ that„, and that „。这是典型的句型it + is + p. p. (过 去分词 )+ that clause。it是形式主语，句子真正的主语是两个并列的that引导的主语从句，由连词and 连接。 operation 此处不能译成“操作”，根据上下文应译成“活动”，这里的processes 要译成“思维 过程”，而不 能简单地理解成“过程”。 译文:许多人认为，普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比，认为这些思维过程 必须 经过某种专门训练才能掌握。 答案: whether the government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. 要点:句子的框架是whether „or„ often depends on „。whether „ or 引导了主语从句作句子的主语 ，financing 这里根据上下文要译成“经费投入”;介词结构 of which is seen as the driving force 是宾语 the issue 的后置定语，of 介词结构中又包含了which 引导的介词宾语从句。 译文:政府究竟是以减少对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入还是相反，这往往取决 于把哪一方看作是驱动的力量 答案: how well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. 要点:句子的框架是 how „ depends on „ and on „ 。句子的主语由how引导的主语从句担任;谓语动 词词组depends on后面跟了两个由and连接的并列宾语，在第二个宾语中，介词with + which 引导的定 语从句修饰先行词the skill and wisdom。 译文:这些预测在多大程度上为后来的 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性 ，以及解释这些信息的技能和才智 答案: there is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. 要点:句子的框架是there is no agreement whether „ or „ 。主句是there is no agreement, agreement后面 紧跟了由whether引导的同位语从句作同位语;在同位语从句中，谓语动词短语refers to跟了两个由连 词or连接的并列宾语:a. the concepts peculiar to historical work in general; b. the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry。在第一个宾语中，形容词词组peculiar to historical work和介词词组in general作后置定语修饰the concepts;在第二个宾语中同样有形容词词组appropriate „ to „ of historical inquiry作后置定语修饰the research techniques。 译文:所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史探究中各个具体领域适用的 研究 手段，人们对此意见不一。 答案: furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry , and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. 要点:句子的框架是furthermore, it is obvious that„, and that „。这是典型的句型it + is + obvious + that clause。it 是形式主语，真正的主语是由连词and连接的两个并列的主语从句:a. that the strength is „ bound with„; b. and that this „ rests upon the efforts „。第一个主语从句中的词组be bound up with是“与 „有关联”之意;在第二个主语从句中，代词this指代前文的the efficiency of its agriculture and industry，译为“效率的提高”。 译文:再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高 则又 有赖于各种科技人员的努力 雅思阅读长难句分析: 6 what could be a key to jet lag and winter blues is the hormone melatonin, which is known to regulate body rhythms. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 7 there are now 31 million kids in the 12-to-19 age group, and demographers predict that there will be 35 million teens by 2010, a population bigger than even the baby boom at its peak. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 8 it seemed almost unbelievable but what appeared to be happening was that the fault was actually being lubricated by the injection of the fluid. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 9 it is scarcely surprising, then, that education systems have for several decades past been severely criticized, partly on the ground that education prepares people to live in an already outdated society. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 10 there are strong grounds for thinking that the health of both individuals and societies derives from what we’re able to put into life, rather than what we try to get out of it. ------------------------6-10答案-----------------------答案: what could be a key to jet lag and winter blues is the hormone melatonin, which is known to regulate body rhythms. 要点:句子的框架是what „ is the hormone melatonin which is „。what引导了一个主语从句，而谓语部 分中由which引导了非限制性定语从句hormone melatonin。句中jet-lag是“时差综合症”，blues不能译成 “蓝色”，而是“忧郁”之意。 译文:能解除时差综合症和冬季忧郁症的关键是荷尔蒙褪黑激素，人们知道这种激素能够调节人体 节奏。 答案: there are now 31 million kids in the 12-to-19 age group, and demographers predict that there will be 35 million teens by 2010, a population bigger than even the baby boom at its peak. 要点:句子的框架是there are „ kids „, and demographers predict that „。这是一个并列复合句，在第 二个并列分句中，谓语动词predict后面跟了一个that引导的宾语从句;在that宾语从句中，a population bigger than even the baby boom at its peak是35 million teens的同位语。 译文:12岁至19岁年龄组的孩子目前有3100万，人口学家预测，到2010年他们将达到3500万，比二战 后生育高峰期出生的孩子还多 答案: it seemed almost unbelievable but what appeared to be happening was that the fault was actually being lubricated by the injection of the fluid. 要点:句子的框架是it seemed „ but what „ was that „。句子由but连接的两个并列分句构成:a. it seemed almost unbelievable; b. what appeared to be happening was that „ 在第二个分句中，what引导了主 语从句担任主语，that引导了表语从句。这里injection不能译成“注射”，根据上下文要译成“注入”。 译文:地球内的断层正在被人们注入的液体所润滑，这几乎是难以令人相信的，但是这确实正在发 生。 答案: it is scarcely surprising, then, that education systems have for several decades past been severely criticized, partly on the ground that education prepares people to live in an already outdated society. 要点:句子的框架是it is „ surprising „ that education system have „ been „ criticized, „ on the ground that „。it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，而主语从句又包含了that引导的同位语从 句that education prepares people to live in an already outdated society 作介词词组on the ground 中ground的同 位语，ground这里的意思是“根据”。 译文:那么教育体制在过去几十年中受到严厉的批评，就不那么令人感到惊讶了，批评者的部分根 据是，这种教育培养人们在一种已过时的社会中生存。 答案: there are strong grounds for thinking that the health of both individuals and societies derives from what we’re able to put into life, rather than what we try to get out of it. 要点:句子的框架是there are „ grounds for thinking that the health„ derives from what „, rather than what „。介词结构for thinking „中包含了that引导的宾语从句作分词thinking的宾语;而这个宾语 从句中又 包含了两个并列的介词宾语从句:a. what we’re able to put into life; b. what we try to get out of it. 两个宾 语从句由rather than连接。 译文:至于个人和社会的健康可以以这样的理由来衡量，我们对生活能够付出多少而不是我们 能向 生活取得多少。 ------------------------------------------------------ 雅思阅读长难句分析: 11 it therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 12 experts are debating whether we should burden young children with mental computation, or encourage the use of calculators to relieve children of hard work and free their minds to understand math concepts. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 13 the announcement by boeing that it has decided to scrap plans to build a futuristic, high-speed plane called the sonic cruiser brings an end to one of the most imaginative – and some say quixotic – projects in recent aerospace engineering 雅思阅读长难句分析: 14 a religious sect that contends that space travelers created the human race by cloning themselves declared friday that the first cloned human had been born, but it offered few details and no evidence to support the claim. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 15 yet no such effect had been detected in any of the ingenious and delicate experiments that physicists had devised: the velocity (速度)of light did not vary. ---------------------------11-15答案---------------------------答案: it therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice. 要点:句子的框架是it „ becomes „ that, if „, there will have to be„。it是形式主语，that引导的主语从 句是句子的真正主语，在that从句中，if引导了条件状语从句。 译文:因此，如果要使学生充分利用他们(上大学)的机会，就得为他们提供大量关于课程的更为 详尽的信息，做更多的指导。这个问题显得越来越重要了。 答案: experts are debating whether we should burden young children with mental computation, or encourage the use of calculators to relieve children of hard work and free their minds to understand math concepts. 要点:句子的框架是experts are debating whether we should „, or encourage„。句子的主语部分是experts are debating „，而whether „ or „ 引导了宾语从句作谓语动词are debating的宾语。其中burden„ with„是“使„背上负担”之意;在后半句or encourage the use of calculators to relieve children of hard work and free their minds to understand math concepts 中，两个并列的不定式短语to relieve „ of „和to free„to understand „作目的状语。另外，词组relieve somebody of something指“减轻„”。 译文:我们应该用心算来增加孩子们的负担，还是应该鼓励他们使用计算器来减轻其繁重的学习任 务，使他们不再费神去理解(抽象的)数学概念，专家们对此尚未达成一致。 答案: the announcement by boeing that it has decided to scrap plans to build a futuristic, high-speed plane called the sonic cruiser brings an end to one of the most imaginative – and some say quixotic – projects in recent aerospace engineering. 要点:句子的框架是the announcement„ that is has decided„ brings an end to „。主语the announcement后 面跟了一个that引导的同位语从句，在that从句中，动词不定式短语to build„ called the sonic cruiser作 plan的后置定语，而不定式短语中的过去分词短语called the sonic cruiser作plane的后置定语;破折号之 后的and some say是插入语。 译文:波音公司宣布放弃修建一种名叫“音速游艇”的新潮、高速飞机的计划，这一决定使近年来航 空 工程 路基工程安全技术交底工程项目施工成本控制工程量增项单年度零星工程技术标正投影法基本原理 中最富想象力—还有人称纯属空想的计划落了空。 答案: a religious sect that contends that space travelers created the human race by cloning themselves declared friday that the first cloned human had been born, but it offered few details and no evidence to support the claim. 要点:句子的框架是a religious sect„ declared „ that „, but it offered„。这个句子中，由but 连接了两个 并列分句。在前一个分句中，由that引导的定语从句that contends that„ by cloning themselves 修饰先行 词a religious sect，而定语从句中又包含了that引导的宾语从句作动词contends的宾语。 译文:一个宣称人类是由外星人克隆而成的邪教组织于星期五宣布第一个克隆人已出生，但它 没有 谈及过多细节，也没有提供任何证据。 答案: yet no such effect had been detected in any of the ingenious and delicate experiments that physicists had devised: the velocity (速度)of light did not vary. 要点:定语从句的结构是简单的主谓宾结构，翻译成前置的定语词组。 译文:然而在任何物理学家所进行过的精细巧妙的实验中，都没有发现这种影响:光速没有变 化。 ----------------------------------------------------- 雅思阅读长难句分析: if the probe takes, say, 100 years to make a copy of itself, then the average speed at which all probes would spread throughout the galaxy (星系)would be about 1/25th the speed of light 雅思阅读长难句分析: but such troubles is confined mainly to the railways on which the current is picked up from a third rail rather than from overhead conductors. 雅思阅读长难句分析: as brighter areas of the image eject more electrons than the darker or shaded portions, an electronic image is produced in which varying degrees of positive charge duplicate light intensities seen in the scene being pictured. 雅思阅读长难句分析: to kill weed which may sprawl rampantly among crops in the first several years, effective weedicide is needed to play the same role as ploughing fields does to eliminate weed. 雅思阅读长难句分析: at a large terminal railway station, the work of the station master is largely administrative because of the extent of the operations and the staff of which he is in command. ------------------------16-20答案-----------------答案: if the probe takes, say, 100 years to make a copy of itself, then the average speed at which all probes would spread throughout the galaxy (星系)would be about 1/25th the speed of light. 译文:如果探测体需要，比如说，100年时间来生成自己的副体，那么所有探测体传遍整个星系的平 均速度大约为光速的1/25 答案: 17. but such troubles is confined mainly to the railways on which the current is picked up from a third rail rather than from overhead conductors. 要点:在限制性定语从句中有一个固定短语rather than，我们还是把它翻译成稍复杂的带“的”的定语 从句。 译文:但是，这样的问题主要局限于从第三轨而不是从高架线得到电力的那些铁路上。 答案: 18. as brighter areas of the image eject more electrons than the darker or shaded portions, an electronic image is produced in which varying degrees of positive charge duplicate light intensities seen in the scene being pictured. 要点:在这句的定语从句中，有现在分词作前置定语，及过去分词作后置定语，翻译成前置的定语 词组会生涩拗口。因此，将从句与主句分开翻译，单独成句。 译文:因为图像的较明亮的部分比黑暗的部分或者阴影部分发射的电子更多，所以产生的电子图像 随正电荷的变化强度，使正在描述的荧幕上的光强度成倍增强。 答案: to kill weed which may sprawl rampantly among crops in the first several years, effective weedicide is needed to play the same role as ploughing fields does to eliminate weed. 要点:这是一个典型的将定语从句译为前置的并列分句的例子。 译文:在最初的几年里，杂草可能在农作物之间繁茂地蔓生，为了消灭这些杂草，需要有效的除草 剂，发挥与耕地同样的消灭杂草的作用。 答案: at a large terminal railway station, the work of the station master is largely administrative because of the extent of the operations and the staff of which he is in command. 要点:在本句的翻译中基本上看不出原句中定语从句of which he is in command的痕迹。定语从句完全 融入汉语翻译中。 译文:在大的铁路终点站，站长的工作主要是行政管理的，这是由于车站运营范围广、工作人员多 ----------------------------------------------------- 雅思阅读长难句分析: 21 attending services at the cathedral of pisa, he found himself watching a swinging chandelier, which air currents shifted now in wide arcs, now in small ones. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 22 although he got generally good grades and was outstanding in mathematics, einstein hated the academic high school he was sent to in munich, where success depended on memorization and obedience to arbitrary authority. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 23 one is the visible edge of the sun, which is a gaseous “surface” from which visible light photons (光 子)freely emerge. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 24 rockets perform best in space, where there is no atmosphere to impede their motion 雅思阅读长难句分析: 25 congress, which had met to continue its protests to the crown, found itself raising an army and selecting george washington as its commander in chief. ------------------------------21-25答案------------------- 答案: attending services at the cathedral of pisa, he found himself watching a swinging chandelier, which air currents shifted now in wide arcs, now in small ones. 要点:定语从句被翻译为后置的并列分句，用人称代词“它”代替先行词“吊架灯”。 译文:一次在比萨大教堂做礼拜时，他发现自己正看着一个吊灯架，它随着气流时而划一个大 弧，时而划一个小弧。 答案: although he got generally good grades and was outstanding in mathematics, einstein hated the academic high school he was sent to in munich, where success depended on memorization and obedience to arbitrary authority. 译文:虽然爱因斯坦门门功课都很优异，数学尤为突出，但他很讨厌上这所慕尼黑的中学。在 这所 学校里成功取决于死机硬背和对专职权威的服从。 答案: one is the visible edge of the sun, which is a gaseous “surface” from which visible light photons (光 子)freely emerge. 要点:本句在非限制性定语从句里又包含一个限制性定语从句，为了符合汉语表达习惯，我们 将两 个定语从句都译为后置的并列分句。 译文:一个例子就是太阳的边缘，这是一个气状的表面，可见光的光子从中源源涌出。 答案: rockets perform best in space, where there is no atmosphere to impede their motion. 要点:在语义上，定语从句与主句的关系为因果关系，因此我们将定语从句译为原因状语从句。 译文:火箭在太空中运行最佳，因为在那儿不存在阻碍他们运动的大气。 答案: congress, which had met to continue its protests to the crown, found itself raising an army and selecting george washington as its commander in chief. 要点:定语从句与先行词融合起来，翻译成时间状语从句。 译文:代表大会先前已集会决定继续向英皇提抗议，而现在则发展到招募兵员并推选乔治• 华 盛顿 为总司令了。 ----------------------------------------------------- 雅思阅读长难句分析: 26 this food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producting and marketing food. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 27 other issues that concern the body politic, such as crime, poverty, and welfare, are not easily linked to public support of scientific research, save at the educational level. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 28 in the greek heritage of the west, myth has always been in tension with reason, which signified the rational and analytic mode of arriving at a true account of reality. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 29 medicine, like all branches of science, needs scholars who are able to develop appropriate "rule of evidence" and then apply those rules to the continuously flowing stream of new data to determine what is relevant. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 30 behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an envioronment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. -----------------------------26-30-------------答案: this food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producting and marketing food. 要点:句子的框架是the food supply will not increase... to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis ...。关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。其先行词是前面一整句。翻译时译成另一个分句。 在这个从句中又包含了一个由that引导的名词从句作means的宾语。指示代词this在这儿指代上文的人 口增长。 译文:食品供应的增加将赶不上人口的增长，这就意味着我们在粮食的生产和购销方面正陷入危机 。 答案: other issues that concern the body politic, such as crime, poverty, and welfare, are not easily linked to public support of scientific research, save at the educational level. 要点:句子的框架是other issues that concern ...，are not easily linked to...，save at...。这是一个含有 that引导的定语从句的长主句，other issues是主语，也是先行词。such as引导并列成分。谓语是are not easily linked to public support of scientific research。save在这个句子中相当于“except”，意为“除了。。。 ”。body politic可译为“国家”。 译文:除了在教育层次上，其他一些与国家息息相关的问题，如犯罪、贫穷和福利都难以与公共支 持的科研相提并论。 答案: in the greek heritage of the west, myth has always been in tension with reason, which signified the rational and analytic mode of arriving at a true account of reality. 要点:句子的框架是in the greek heritage..., myth has always been..., which signified...。关系代词which引导 非限制性定语从句，修饰reason。在这个句子中，which引导的非限制性定语从句兼有状语从句的功 能，翻译时可视作原因状语从句翻译。reason在此句中不译为“原因、理由”，应译为“理性”。 译文:在西方希腊遗产中，神话与理性始终处于紧张冲突状态，因为理性意味着对现实进行合情合 理、符合实际的分析和描述 答案: medicine, like all branches of science, needs scholars who are able to develop appropriate "rule of evidence" and then apply those rules to the continuously flowing stream of new data to determine what is relevant. 要点:句子的框架是medicine, like all..., needs scholars who are able to...。like all branches of science 是插入 语。关系代词who引导定语修饰scholars。在这个从句中包含一个名词从句—what is relevant作 determine的宾语。flowing stream of new data在此译为“新数据流”。apply...to在此句中译为“把„„应用于 „„”。 译文:正像所有的科学分支一样，医学也需要这类学者，他们既能开发适当的“实证规则”，又能把那些规则应用到不断变化的新数据流中去，进而确定哪些信息是相关的。 答案: behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an envioronment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. 要点:句子的框架是behaviorists suggest that the child who is...envioronment where there are...stimuli which develop...will experience greater...。that引导名词从句做suggest的宾语。在这个从句中又包含三个定语从 句，一层套一层。从句中的主语是the child，谓语是will experience greater intellectual development。关系 代词who引导定语从句修饰child。关系副词where引导定语从句修饰environment。关系代词which引导定 语从句修饰stimuli。stimuli译为“刺激物”。 译文:行为主义者指出，如果一个孩子在有很多刺激物的环境中长大，那么这个儿童将会有更高的 智力发展。 ------------------------------------------------------ 雅思阅读长难句分析: 31 my idea of a good p.e. class is one where youth are involved in at least 20 minutes of basic movement that gets their heart rates up 雅思阅读长难句分析: 32 that summer, those who remained were found fleeing down rivers to return home to england by new settlers with fresh supplies, who encouraged them to reconsider. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 33 these new-age executives are likely to cause trouble in companies where longer-serving middle managers, who have done their time in a less-privileged environment, resent the concessions the recruits are winning. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 34 this is an elegant, antimagnetic, waterproof, shock-protected and heat-resistant watch which is made of stainless steel and high-precision fittings. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 35 they send out pulses of sound waves, pitched at 50,000 cycles per second, far above the limits of the human ear, which can hear sounds up to frequencies of about 20,000 cycles per second. -------------------------------31-35答案---------------------答案: my idea of a good p.e. class is one where youth are involved in at least 20 minutes of basic movement that gets their heart rates up. 要点:句子的框架是my idea of a good p.e. class is one where youth are ... movement that gets their heart rates up。关系副词where引导定语从句修饰one，而关系代词that引导定语从句修饰movement。 one指代 a good p.e. class。 译文:谈到一堂好的体育课，我的想法是，青年人在体育课中至少要进行20分钟使他们心跳加 快的 基本运动。 that summer, those who remained were found fleeing down rivers to return home to england by new settlers with fresh supplies, who encouraged them to reconsider. 要点:句子的框架是that summer, those who remained were found fleeing down ... by new settlers ..., who encouraged them ...。这是一个被动句，翻译时译成主动句。who remained 是限制性定语从句修 饰主语 those。谓语部分是were found fleeing down...。第二个who引导定语从句，它的先行词是new settlers。介 词短语with fresh supplies作new settlers的定语。them指代those who remained。 译文:那年夏天，带着给养刚刚到来的拓居者发现前期的幸存者们顺着河流逃往英国，便劝说 他们 三思而行。 these new-age executives are likely to cause trouble in companies where longer-serving middle managers, who have done their time in a less-privileged environment, resent the concessions the recruits are winning. 要点:句子的框架是 these new-age executives are likely to cause„companies where longer-serving middle mangers, who have„, resent the concessions...。关系副词where引导定语从句，修饰先行词 companies。在 这个从句中，谓语resent the concessions 被由关系代词who引导的非限制性定语从句隔开。the recruits are winning 是一个省略了关代词 that的定语从句，修饰concessions。concessions译为“特许权”。 the recruits 译为“新手，新成员”。 译文:这些新时代的理人员很有可能在一些公司制造事端，因为在这些里，在特权现象较少的 环境 里，有较长工作年限的中等经理对这些新成员所赢得的特许权深感不满。 this is an elegant, antimagnetic, waterproof, shock-protected and heat-resistant watch which is made of stainless steel and high-precision fittings. 要点:句子的框架是this is an„watch which is made of„。这个句中的中心名词watch既有形容 词作前置 定语，又有定语从句作后置定语。一般在翻译时，将前置定语后置。 译文:这是一只由不锈钢和高精度配件制成的手表，它既美观、又防磁、防水、抗震、耐热。 they send out pulses of sound waves, pitched at 50,000 cycles per second, far above the limits of the human ear, which can hear sounds up to frequencies of about 20,000 cycles per second. 要点:句子的框架是they send out pulses of „, far above„ the human ear, which can hear sounds„。关系代 词which引导定语从句，修饰human ear。过去分词短语pitched at„和介词短语 far above„作 sound waves 的定语。they指代前文的蝙蝠。pitch原意为“定基音”，在此译为“发出”。 译文:人类的耳朵仅能听见最高频率为20000赫兹的声音，蝙蝠却可以发送出大超过这个限制 的高达 50000赫兹的声波脉冲。 ---------------------------------------------------- 雅思阅读长难句分析: 36 when they analyzed these rocks, they found “shocked” quartz grains-slivers with a particular arrangement of micro cracks believed to represent the relic left by an extraterrestrial impact. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 37 as land developed, rain water and rivers dissolved salts and other substances from rocks and carried them to the oceans, making the ocean salty. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 38 that summer, those who remained were found fleeing down river to return home to england by new settlers with fresh supplies, who encouraged them to reconsider. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 39 by and large, the american diet continued to reflect a considerable reliance upon animal products, rather than on grains, which meant that a relatively large acreage was required to feed the american public. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 40 these new-age executives are likely to cause trouble in companies where longer-serving middle managers, who have done their time in a less-privileged environment, resent the concessions the recruits are winning. -----------------36-40答案--------when they analyzed these rocks, they found “shocked” quartz grains-slivers with a particular arrangement of micro cracks believed to represent the relic left by an extraterrestrial impact. 要点:when引导的时间直接翻译为“在„的时候”。 译文:在分析这些岩芯时，他们发现“冲击”石英颗粒——带有特殊排列的微裂缩缝的薄片，科学家 认为他们外层空间来的物体与地球碰撞留下来的遗迹。 as land developed, rain water and rivers dissolved salts and other substances from rocks and carried them to the oceans, making the ocean salty. 要点:as 在句中引导的是一个时间状语从句。 译文:在陆地形式时，雨水和河水溶解了岩石中盐和其他物质并把他们带入海洋，使海水变咸。 that summer, those who remained were found fleeing down river to return home to england by new settlers with fresh supplies, who encouraged them to reconsider. 要点:句子的框架是 that summer, those who remained were found fleeing down„ by new settles„, who encouraged them„。这是一个被动句，翻译时译成主动句。 who remained 是限制性定语从句修饰主语 those。谓语部分是 were found fleeing down„。第二个who 引导定语从句，它的先行词是 new settlers。 介词短语 with fresh supplies 作new settlers的定语。 them 指代 those who remained。 译文:那年夏天，带着给养刚刚到来的拓居者发现前期的幸存者们顺着河流逃往英国，便劝说他们 三思而行。 by and large, the american diet continued to reflect a considerable reliance upon animal products, rather than on grains, which meant that a relatively large acreage was required to feed the american public. 要点:句子的框架是by and large, the american diet continued to„，rather than on grains, which meant that„。关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词是上文的一整句。在这个从句中又包含一个 由that引导的名词从句作meant的宾语。by and large 意为“总之，总而言之”rather than 意为“而不是”。 译文:总的说来，美国人的膳食仍大量依赖家畜产品而不依赖粮食，这就意味着需要比较大的土地 面积来养活美国公众。 these new-age executives are likely to cause trouble in companies where longer-serving middle managers, who have done their time in a less-privileged environment, resent the concessions the recruits are winning. 要点:句子的框架是 these new-age executives are likely to cause„companies where longer-serving middle mangers, who have„, resent the concessions...。关系副词where引导定语从句，修饰先行词companies。在 这个从句中，谓语resent the concessions 被由关系代词who引导的非限制性定语从句隔开。the recruits are winning 是一个省略了关代词 that的定语从句，修饰concessions。concessions译为“特许权”。the recruits 译为“新手，新成员”。 译文:这些新时代的理人员很有可能在一些公司制造事端，因为在这些里，在特权现象较少的 环境 里，有较长工作年限的中等经理对这些新成员所赢得的特许权深感不满。 ---------------------------------------------------- 雅思阅读长难句分析: 41 this is an elegant, antimagnetic, waterproof, shock-protected and heat-resistant watch which is made of stainless steel and high-precision fittings. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 42 they send out pulses of sound waves, pitched at 50,000 cycles per second, far above the limits of the human ear, which can hear sounds up to frequencies of about 20,000 cycles per second 雅思阅读长难句分析: 43 when they analyzed these rocks, they found “shocked” quartz grains-slivers with a particular arrangement of micro cracks believed to represent the relic left by an extraterrestrial impact 雅思阅读长难句分析: 44 as land developed, rain water and rivers dissolved salts and other substances from rocks and carried them to the oceans, making the ocean salty. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 45 on the other hand, the person who is really guilty and whose past experience has prepared him for such tests can distort the results by anticipating the crucial questions or deliberately giving exaggerated responses to neutral ones. -------------------41-45---------------------this is an elegant, antimagnetic, waterproof, shock-protected and heat-resistant watch which is made of stainless steel and high-precision fittings. 要点:句子的框架是this is an„watch which is made of„。这个句中的中心名词watch既有形容 词作前置 定语，又有定语从句作后置定语。一般在翻译时，将前置定语后置。 译文:这是一只由不锈钢和高精度配件制成的手表，它既美观、又防磁、防水、抗震、耐热 they send out pulses of sound waves, pitched at 50,000 cycles per second, far above the limits of the human ear, which can hear sounds up to frequencies of about 20,000 cycles per second. 要点:句子的框架是they send out pulses of „, far above„ the human ear, which can hear sounds„。关系代 词which引导定语从句，修饰human ear。过去分词短语pitched at„和介词短语 far above„作 sound waves 的定语。they指代前文的蝙蝠。pitch原意为“定基音”，在此译为“发出”。 译文:人类的耳朵仅能听见最高频率为20000赫兹的声音，蝙蝠却可以发送出大超过这个限制的高达 50000赫兹的声波脉冲。 when they analyzed these rocks, they found “shocked” quartz grains-slivers with a particular arrangement of micro cracks believed to represent the relic left by an extraterrestrial impact. 要点:when引导的时间直接翻译为“在„的时候”。 译文:在分析这些岩芯时，他们发现“冲击”石英颗粒——带有特殊排列的微裂缩缝的薄片，科学家 认为他们外层空间来的物体与地球碰撞留下来的遗迹。。 as land developed, rain water and rivers dissolved salts and other substances from rocks and carried them to the oceans, making the ocean salty. 要点:as 在句中引导的是一个时间状语从句。 译文:在陆地形成时，雨水和河水溶解了岩石中盐和其他物质并把他们带入海洋，使海水变咸。 on the other hand, the person who is really guilty and whose past experience has prepared him for such tests can distort the results by anticipating the crucial questions or deliberately giving exaggerated responses to neutral ones. 要点:句子的框架是 on the other hand, the person who is „ and whose past experience has„ can distort the results by anticipating „ or giving „。这是一个简单复合句。句子的主语the person 和谓语 can distort the results 被两个并列的定语从句隔开，分别由关系代词who和whose引导。介词短语 by anticipating„，作 状语。代词ones指代questions。 译文:另一方面，一个真正犯了罪的人由于过去的经验使他对这种测验有所准备，或对关键问题早 有所料，或对中性问题故作夸大的反应，他是能使测验结果出现反常现象的。 ----------------------------------------------------- 雅思阅读长难句分析:46 something further must be done to the amplified signals before they can be sent to the transmitting antenna. 雅思阅读长难句分析:47 sometimes this fall, if all goes well, a revolutionary new undersea vessel will be lowered gently into the waters of monterey bay for its maiden voyage. 雅思阅读长难句分析:48 if a free society doesn't help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. 雅思阅读长难句分析:49 the amount of deformation is directly proportional to the applied stress provided the force does not exceed certain limit. 雅思阅读长难句分析:50 it doesn’t boil, despite temperatures reaching up to 400 degrees c, because it is under terrific pressure. ------------------------46-50-------------something further must be done to the amplified signals before they can be sent to the transmitting antenna. 要点:before引导的时间状语从句译为“...才...”使句意更为连贯。 译文:对于放大了的信号，必须作进一步的处理后，才能把它们馈送到发射天线上去。 sometimes this fall, if all goes well, a revolutionary new undersea vessel will be lowered gently into the waters of monterey bay for its maiden voyage. 要点:if引导的条件状语从句插在主句的中间，翻译时也做了同样的处理。 译文:今年秋天，如果一切顺利的话，一艘革命性新潜艇将轻轻在蒙特利海湾下水，进行它的 第一 次航行。 if a free society doesn't help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. 译文:自由社会要是不能帮助众多的穷人，也就无法挽救少数富人。 the amount of deformation is directly proportional to the applied stress provided the force does not exceed certain limit. 要点:本句中条件状语由provided引导。引导条件状语从句的词组还有“providing, as long as” 等。 译文:如果外力不超过某一限度的话，那么形变量与外力成正比。 it doesn’t boil, despite temperatures reaching up to 400 degrees c, because it is under terrific pressure. 译文:尽管温度可高达摄氏400度，水却因为处于高压之下而不会沸腾。 ------------------------------------------------------ 雅思阅读长难句分析: 51 you “jump on the bandwagon” when you decide to support a candidate because public opinion studies show he is likely to win. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 52 he says computer manufacturers used to be more worried about electromagnetic interference, so they often put blocks of materials inside to absorb stray signals. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 53 although humans are the most intelligent creature on earth, anything humans can do, nature has already done better and in far, far less space. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 54 while industrial lasers today are most often used for cutting, welding, drilling and measuring, the laser’s light can be put to a much different use: separating isotopes(同位素)to produce nuclear fuel. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 55 no matter how carefully you move your hand toward a fly, the insect will dart off almost every time. ----------------51-55----------you “jump on the bandwagon” when you decide to support a candidate because public opinion studies show he is likely to win. 要点:译文中将原句的语序作了前后调整，原因状语前置，而主句被翻译成表示结果的分句。 译文:如果民意调查显示某个候选人很可能会取胜，因此你决定支持他，你就“跳上了宣传车”。 he says computer manufacturers used to be more worried about electromagnetic interference, so they often put blocks of materials inside to absorb stray signals. 译文:他说过去的计算机生产商往往更担心电磁干扰，所以他们常常内置一层 材料 关于××同志的政审材料调查表环保先进个人材料国家普通话测试材料农民专业合作社注销四查四问剖析材料 来吸收杂散信号。 although humans are the most intelligent creature on earth, anything humans can do, nature has already done better and in far, far less space. 要点:although引导的让步状语从句译成“虽然„„但”。 译文:虽然人类是地球上最聪明的生物，人能创造一切，但大自然更富于创造性，早已创造出比人类 创造的更好更小巧的东西。 while industrial lasers today are most often used for cutting, welding, drilling and measuring, the laser’s light can be put to a much different use: separating isotopes(同位素)to produce nuclear fuel. 要点:while在本句中并非引导一个时间状语从句，而是让步状语从句。 译文:虽然今天的工业激光器最经常用于切割、焊接、钻孔和测量，但激光可以用于与此迥异的用途 :分离同位素以生产核燃料。 no matter how carefully you move your hand toward a fly, the insect will dart off almost every time. 译文:不管你多么小心翼翼地把手伸向一只苍蝇，差不多每次它都飞走。 ------------------------------------------------------ 2. 【烤鸭长难句分析】56-60 作者:小黑狼利亚 ， 发表日期:2009-04-17 ， 查看原文 雅思阅读长难句分析: 56 for example, a film can slow down the formation of crystals so that students can study the process. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 57 there must be device non-linearity in order that such a phenomenon could be possible. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 58 the saddles are either further fixed so that the cables may slide over them, or mounted on rollers so that they move with any movements of the cables. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 59 in addition, the cameraman must have a knowledge of composition so that the arrangement of the people and objects in each shot will produce the desired effect. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 60 the first two must be equal for all who are being compared, if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made. for example, a film can slow down the formation of crystals so that students can study the process. -----------------------------51-60------------------- for example, a film can slow down the formation of crystals so that students can study the process. 要点:原句中由so that引导的目的状语从句在译文中放到了主句之前。 译文:例如，为了能让学生研究这一过程，电影可以放慢演示晶体的形成过程。 there must be device non-linearity in order that such a phenomenon could be possible. 译文:为了使这一现象有可能发生，就必须存在器件的非线性。 the saddles are either further fixed so that the cables may slide over them, or mounted on rollers so that they move with any movements of the cables. 要点:句中有两个目的状语从句，在翻译时，并未直接翻译成“为了„„”，而是译为“这样„„”，更能 让人接受。 译文:鞍座可以是固定的，这样钢缆可以在它上面滑动，也可以安装在滚柱上，这样鞍座就会随钢缆 的移动而移动。 in addition, the cameraman must have a knowledge of composition so that the arrangement of the people and objects in each shot will produce the desired effect. 译文:另外，摄影师必须具备构图的知识，以备安排好每个镜头中的人和物来达到预期的效果。 the first two must be equal for all who are being compared, if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made. 要点:句子的框架是the first two must be equal for all who are„, if any comparison„。if引导条件状语从句。 主句总含有一个由关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰all。in terms of译为“谈到，就„„而论”。 译文:如果要从智力方面进行任何比较的话，那么对所有被比较者来说，前两个因素必须是一样的。 ----------------------------------------------------- 雅思阅读长难句分析: 61 new forms of thoughts as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 62 if the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, a refinement of the big bang called the inflationary universe theory. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 63 every time you try to answer a question that asks why, you engage in the process of causal analysis – you attempt to determine a cause or series of causes for a particular effect. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 64 where it is dry so much of the time that few plants can live, the destructive waters have their own way when the occasional rains come. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 65 whatever its underlying reasons, there is no doubt that much of the pollution caused could be controlled if only companies, individuals and governments would make more efforts. -----------------------61-65-------------new forms of thoughts as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance. 要点:句子的框架是new forms of thoughts as well as new subjects„must arise in the future as they have„, giving rise to„。as引导方式状语从句。现在分词短语giving rise to new standards of elegance充 当结果状语 ，修饰动词arise。并列连词as well as引导两个并列的主语。subjects在此意为“研究对象”。give rise to意 为“引起，导致”。 译文:同过去一样，将来必然会出现新的思维方式和新的思维对象，给完美以新的标准。 if the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, a refinement of the big bang called the inflationary universe theory. 要点:句子的框架是if the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph„，a refinement of the big bang called„。if引导条件状语从句。as引导方式状语从句，省略了they are。a refinement of the big bang called the inflationary universe theory是scientific idea的同位语。过去分词短语called the inflationary universe theory修饰a refinement作定语。that指“那些小热点看上去同预计的一致”这件事。the inflationary universe theory译为“宇宙膨胀理论”。refinement意为“改进，提炼”。 译文:假如那些小热点看上去同预计的一致，那就意味着又一科学论说的胜利，这种论说即更完美的 大爆炸论，亦称宇宙膨胀说。 every time you try to answer a question that asks why, you engage in the process of causal analysis – you attempt to determine a cause or series of causes for a particular effect. 要点:句子的框架是every time you try to answer„，you engage in the process of„– you attempt to determine。every time引导时间状语从句，意为“每当”。是一个名词化的连接词。这个从句中包含一个 由that引导的定语从句。破折号引导的句子做主句的同位语。engage in意为“参与，参加”。 译文:每当你试图回答一个问及“为什么”的问题时，你就是在进行因果分析了。也就是说，你正努力 寻找决定某个结果的某个原因或一系列原因。 where it is dry so much of the time that few plants can live, the destructive waters have their own way when the occasional rains come. 要点:句子的框架是where it is dry„，the destructive waters have„。where it is dry„是地点状语从句。it是 无人称代词，表示自然现象。在这个从句中包含了一个由that引导的结果状语从句，与so相呼应。主句 中包含一个由when引导的时间状语从句。the destructive waters不能直译为“具有破坏性的水”，而应与谓 语结合转译为“雨水泛滥，造成灾害”。 译文:在长期干旱以致植物稀少的地方，偶尔降雨便会泛滥，造成灾害。 whatever its underlying reasons, there is no doubt that much of the pollution caused could be controlled if only companies, individuals and governments would make more efforts. 要点:句子的框架是whatever its underlying reasons, there is no doubt that„if only companies, „。whatever引 导让步状语从句，谓语may be省略。句子主语为reasons，whatever是may be的表语。its指代pollution’s。 主句中that引导的是doubt的同位语从句。过去分词caused做pollution的定语。在同位语从句中包含了由if only引导的条件状语从句。整个同位语从句用虚拟语气，表示这种可能性很小。 译文:不论污染的根本原因是什么，毫无疑问，只要各大公司、个人和各级政府都能做出较大的努力 ，所造成的大部分污染是可以加以控制的。 ----------------------------------------------------- 雅思阅读长难句分析: 66 now, commercial farmers have become increasingly specialized so that almost everything consumed on most farms is now bought from outside sources rather than home-grown. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 67 as the electronic cash is downloaded, the customers’ bank accounts are debited, just as they would be after an atm withdrawal 雅思阅读长难句分析: 68 since most tv “action-adventure” dramas occurs in urban settings, the fear they inspire may contributes to the current flight of the middle class from our cities. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 69 lifts stopped working, so that even if you were lucky enough not to be trapped between two floors, you had the unpleasant task of finding your way down hundreds of flights of stairs. now, commercial farmers have become increasingly specialized so that almost everything consumed on most farms is now bought from outside sources rather than home-grown. 要点:句子的框架是„commercial farmers have become„specialized so that almost everything consumed„is bought„rather than„。so that引导结果状语从句。过去分词短语consumed on most farms作定语 修饰 everything。rather than译为“而不是”，表比较。 译文:现在，商业社会的农民已越来越专业化，因而在大部分农场消费的几乎所有东西现在都 是从外 面采购的，而不是农场自己生产的。 as the electronic cash is downloaded, the customers’ bank accounts are debited, just as they would be after an atm withdrawal. 要点:句子的框架是as the electronic cash is„, the customers’ bank accounts are„, just as they would be„。第 一个as引导时间状语从句，而后一个as引导方式状语从句。debit译为“记入帐户借方”。atm 译为“自动取 款机”。 译文:在电子现金下载后，客户的银行存款就记入帐户的借方，就像在自动取款机取款后那样。 since most tv “action-adventure” dramas occurs in urban settings, the fear they inspire may contributes to the current flight of the middle class from our cities. 要点:句子的框架是since most tv “action-adventure” dramas occurs„, the fear they„may contributes to„。 since引导原因状语从句。they inspire修饰主句的主语，the fear做定语，省略了关系代词that。contributes to在句中应译为“促使，造成”。drama在文中不表示“戏剧”，而译为“节目，影片”。 译文:由于电视播放的大部分“动作片”、“冒险片”以城市为背景，由此引起的恐惧感正促使中产阶级 逃离城市。 lifts stopped working, so that even if you were lucky enough not to be trapped between two floors, you had the unpleasant task of finding your way down hundreds of flights of stairs. 要点:句子的框架是lifts stopped working, so that„, you had the unpleasant task„。so that引导结果状语从句 。在这个从句中又套有一个由even if引导的让步状语从句。 译文:电梯停了，因此即使你幸而没有被困在两个楼层中间，你也得完成一项不愉快的任务，即摸黑 往下走百级楼梯。 ---------------------------------------------------- 雅思阅读长难句分析: 70 evidently, the color changes are caused by plants that do not grow by earth processes. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 71 the photo was bought by a computer programmer from federal germany. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 72 the mystery may be resolved when more advanced space probes were sent to the mars. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 74 automated techniques to measure these characteristics and verify a person's identity infallibly are attracting widespread attention in these days of increased use of credit cards and e-mail. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 75 to casual observers, as well as to influential natural scientists and regional planners, the luxuriant forests of amazonia seem ageless. -----------------------70-75--------------------evidently, the color changes are caused by plants that do not grow by earth processes. 译文:明显地，颜色的变化是由那些不按照地球上的过程生长的植被造成的。 the photo was bought by a computer programmer from federal germany. 译文:那张照片被一位来自前联邦德国的计算机程序员买走了。 the mystery may be resolved when more advanced space probes were sent to the mars. 译文:当更先进的宇宙探测器被送向火星时，这一神秘的现象将得以澄清。 automated techniques to measure these characteristics and verify a person's identity infallibly are attracting widespread attention in these days of increased use of credit cards and e-mail. 分析: 该句主语是automated techniques, 谓语是attract,宾语是attention, in these days of increased use of credit cards and e-mail在句子里起时间状语的作用。 译文: 在信用卡和电子邮件越来越多地被使用的今天，用来测量这些特性和确认人的身份的自 动技术 吸引了广泛的关注。 to casual observers, as well as to influential natural scientists and regional planners, the luxuriant forests of amazonia seem ageless. 分析: 该句中，as well as to influential natural scientists and regional planners充当插入语，阅读 句子时，可 以先忽略这部分。 译文: 对不经意看到的人和有影响力的自然科学家、区域规划者来说，亚马逊地区的繁茂的森 林似乎 是永恒的。 ------------------------------------------------------ 雅思阅读长难句分析: 76 government has encouraged waste paper collecton and sorting schemes and at the same time, the paper industry has responded by developing new recycling technologies that have paved the way for even greater utilization of used fibre. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 77 wearing a seat belt saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 78 but you must know that different nations have different ways of looking at things, and you will therefore not be offended if our ideas of this kind of education happen not to be the same as yours. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 79 arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. 雅思阅读长难句分析: 80 today’s hyper-growth organizations in logistics industry compete in global markets crowded with aggressive new competitors and non-traditional service channels. -----------------------76-80-----------------------government has encouraged waste paper collecton and sorting schemes and at the same time, the paper industry has responded by developing new recycling technologies that have paved the way for even greater utilization of used fibre. 分析: 分析:这个复合句可以从and处将句子分成两个相对较短的句子:and前面是一个简单 句;and后 面的句子有一个由that引导的定语从句，充当new recycling technologies的定语。 译文: 政府鼓励了废纸的回收和分类计划，同时造纸工业也通过开发新的回收技术作出了反应， 这个 回收技术为更大程度地利用已经使用过的纤维铺平了道路。 wearing a seat belt saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half. 译文: 系好安全带能够挽救性命，它能将丧生和重伤的概率减少一半以上。 but you must know that different nations have different ways of looking at things, and you will therefore not be offended if our ideas of this kind of education happen not to be the same as yours. 译文: 但是你们也要明白不同的民族看待事物有不同的方法，所以如果刚好我们的看法与你们 的不一 样的话，你们也不应觉的被冒犯了。 arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. 分析: 句子主干是arguing from the view that humans are„, extremists of this„逗号前面是一个现 在分词短 语，做状语，里面又有一个that从句做the view的同位语，逗号后面的that从句是一个宾语从 句。 译文: 这类人持极端看法，认为人与动物在各相关方面都不相同，对待动物无须考虑道德问题。 today’s hyper-growth organizations in logistics industry compete in global markets crowded with aggressive new competitors and non-traditional service channels. 分析: 〖today’s hyper-growth organizations in logistics industry 〗是主语，compete是谓语，〖in global markets 〈crowded with aggressive new competitors and non-traditional service channels.〉〗 是状语， 其中〈 crowded with aggressive new competitors and non-traditional service channels.〉是过去分词作后置 定语修饰 “markets” 译文: 如今，物流行业里一些飞速发展的组织正参与着全球市场的竞争，这一市场充斥着富有 进取心的新竞争者以及非传统的服务渠道。 ------雅思阅读长难句分析:81 there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy—far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone. 雅思阅读长难句分析:82 for example，they do not compensate for gross social inequality，and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances. 雅思阅读长难句分析:83 this will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy american fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields. 雅思阅读长难句分析:84 thus，a regularity for which there are general theoretical grounds will be more readily called a natural law than an empirical regularity that cannot be subsumed under more general laws or theories. 雅思阅读长难句分析:85 exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age for these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences. ------------------81-85------------------there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy—far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone. 分析: 〖that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy—far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.〗是定语从句修饰robot systems， 其中far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.是一个带有省略成分的 比较结构，是对submillimeter accuracy的进一步说明。理解的时候应该将省略的部分补充完整。(the submillimeter accuracy) is far greater precision than (the precision which)highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone. 译文: 现在已有一些机器人系统能够进行精确到毫米以下的脑部和骨骼手术---这要比极具技巧的医生 单单用手精确得多。 for example，they do not compensate for gross social inequality，and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances. 分析: 结构分析:句子的框架是they do not compensate„，and thus do not tell how„。and连接两个并列分 句，第二个并列分句中由how引导的宾语从句是一个带有虚拟条件句的主从复合句，其中had he grown up„(=if he had grown up„)是省略了连词if的非真实条件句。主句主语的they，在此代指上文提到的 tests; able在句中作might have been的表语。underprivileged在此不能译为“没有特权的”，而译为“没有地位 的”或“物质条件差的”。 译文: 例如，测试并不能弥补明显的社会不公;因此，它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人，如果 在较好的环境中成长的话，会有多大才干。 this will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy american fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields. 结构分析: 句子的主干是this will be particularly true„。since引导原因状语从句。此从句中又套嵌一个由 关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰the high-energy american fashion。在定语从句中，that做主语 ，makes做谓语，it做形式宾语，不定式短语to combine few farmers with high yields则是真正的宾语(不定 式短语内部to combine是主干，few farmers是宾语，with high yields是状语)，possible做宾语补足语。 this指代前句中提到的这种困境。energy pinch译为“能源的乏”;in„fashion译为“用„方法、方式”。 译文: 这种困境将是确定无疑的，因为能源的乏，高能量消耗这种美国耕种方式将很难在农业中继续 下去，而这种耕种方式使投入少数农民就可获得高产成为可能。 thus，a regularity for which there are general theoretical grounds will be more readily called a natural law than an empirical regularity that cannot be subsumed under more general laws or theories. 结构分析: 句子的框架是a regularity„will be more readily called a natural law than an empirical regularity„。介 词for加关系代词which引导定语从句修饰a regularity。an empirical regularity后又有定语从句that cannot be subsumed under more general laws or theories修饰。grounds意为“根据，理由”;subsume意为“把„归入，纳 入”。 译文: 因此，与一条不能被归入更普遍的法则或理论而是基于经验的规律相比，一条具有普遍理论依 据支持的规律很可能被认可为一条自然法则。 exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age for these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences. 译文: 残疾儿童在许多关键方面都与其同龄人不同。为了让这些孩子发展其全部的成人后的潜 能，他 们的教育必须适应这些不同。 ----------------------------------------------雅思阅读长难句分析86: it was the desire to be scholarly that brought about a wave of latin terms which appeared in the 16th century when the humanist movement brought new impetus to learning throughout europe. 雅思阅读长难句分析87: despite the saying that one never knows if lightning strikes him，a person can sometimes feel the bolt coming and if quick enough，take protective action in time. 雅思阅读长难句分析88: these ads were strategically placed among family-oriented tv shows and programs involving nature and america in order to most effectively reach target audiences. 雅思阅读长难句分析89: as a result, california"s growth rate dropped during the 1970"s, to 18.5 percent--little more than two thirds the 1960"s growth figure and considerably below that of other western states. 雅思阅读长难句分析90: for many the day seemed an adventure, a long outing in the late summer sun—part liberation from home, part sunday school picnic, part political convention, and part fish fry. -------------86-90-----------it was the desire to be scholarly that brought about a wave of latin terms which appeared in the 16th century when the humanist movement brought new impetus to learning throughout europe. 结构分析 : 句子的框架是it was the desire„that brought about a wave„。it is„that„是强调句 型，强调主 语the desire to be scholarly。关系代词which引导定语从句,修饰latin terms;关系副词when引导 定语从句,修 饰century。句中scholarly做“博学多才”讲;humanist movement译为“人文主义运动”;impetus意为“动力,促进 ”。 译文: 在16世纪的时候，人文主义运动促进了欧洲各国的学术运动，人们都想显示自己的博 学多才 ，从而出现了一股使用拉丁字词的潮流。 despite the saying that one never knows if lightning strikes him，a person can sometimes feel the bolt coming and if quick enough，take protective action in time. 结构分析 : 句子的框架是a person can„feel the bolt and„take protective action„。and连接两 个并列的谓 语动词。句首despite是介词引导介词短语作状语，此短语中that引导的名词性从句做saying的同位语 ，此同位语从句中，if lightning„是一个名词性从句，作know的宾语，if在句中相当于whether。主句中if quick enough补充完整为if he is quick enough，是条件状语从句，为take action的前提条件。句中bolt译为 “闪电”。 译文: 尽管人们常说一个人从来不知道是否遭到闪电的袭击，但是一个人有时能感觉到闪电的到来 ，如果动作快，就能及时采取保护措施。 these ads were strategically placed among family-oriented tv shows and programs involving nature and america in order to most effectively reach target audiences. 译文: 这些广告被放置在面向家庭的与自然和美国有关的电视节目里面,以便最有效的接触到目标观 众. as a result, california's growth rate dropped during the 1970's, to 18.5 percent--little more than two thirds the 1960's growth figure and considerably below that of other western states. 译文: 结果，加利福尼亚的人口增长率在20世纪70年代时下降到了18(5,一 一稍高于60年代增长率 的三分之二，大大低于西部其他各州。 for many the day seemed an adventure, a long outing in the late summer sun—part liberation from home, part sunday school picnic, part political convention, and part fish fry. 译文: 对于许多人来说，这一天像冒险活动，在盛夏和阳光下长时间等着——有的是从家里出来轻 松，有的是学校周日野炊，有的是政治会议，有的烤鱼吃。 ----------------------------------------------------- 9. 【烤鸭长难句分析】91-95 雅思阅读长难句分析91: in the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to "push" information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers. 雅思阅读长难句分析92: but,for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not. 雅思阅读长难句分析93: and by the help of further reasoning,which if drawn out would have been exhibited in two or three other syllogism,you arrive at your final determination,i will not have that apple. 雅思阅读长难句分析94: so involved with their computers do the children become that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.雅思阅读长难句分析95: such a viewpoint, particularly prominent in the developing countries,is reinforced by the widely-held belief that it is not the peaceful application of nuclear energy that is endangering the survival of mankind. -------------91-95-----------in the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to "push" information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers. 译文: 但是，在过去的一年间，软件公司已经开发出工具，使得公司可以直接将信息"推出"给顾客 ，直接把营销讯息传递给目标顾客。 but,for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not. 译文:但是，对一个小部分学生来说，职业教育也是条可取的路径。因为在 其他因素相同的情况下 ，技能的娴熟是得到工作与否的关键。 and by the help of further reasoning,which if drawn out would have been exhibited in two or three other syllogism,you arrive at your final determination,i will not have that apple. 解析: 这是复合句。主句是you arrive at your final determination.by the help of „„ 是介词短语作状语 ，which引导的定语从句修饰reasoning.if drawn out 是省略句，用作表示条件的状语从句，完整的句子是if the reasoning can be drawn out.翻译时采用顺序法，定语从句采用分句法。syllogism:三段论;演绎推理 。 译文:借助于进一步的推理，这种推理如果加以引申，还可表现为其他两三种演绎推理，你便会做出 最终决定:“我不吃那个苹果了。” so involved with their computers do the children become that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games. 解析: 本句的基本结构是the children become so involved with their computers that„„。因为把so involved with their computers 放在了句首，所以句子必须倒装。因为该句的动词是become，所以用do来帮助倒装 。翻译时宜用正装语序。 译文: 参加计算机夏令营的孩子们对计算机如此着迷，以至夏令营的负责人常常不得不强迫他们停下 来参加体育运动或做游戏。 such a viewpoint, particularly prominent in the developing countries,is reinforced by the widely-held belief that it is not the peaceful application of nuclear energy that is endangering the survival of mankind. 解析: 第一层:such a viewpoint,主 particularly prominent in the developing 定 countries,is 系 reinforced 表 by the widely-held belief 状 that it is not the peaceful application of nuclear energy that is end- 同位语从句 angering the survival of mankind. 第二层:(同位语从句)that 引 it 形主 is not 系 the peaceful application 强调主语 of nuclear energy 定 that 引 is endangering 谓 the survival 宾 of mankind. 定 要点 本句主干为such a viewpoint„„ is reinforced by the widely-held belief;形容词短语particularly prominent in the developing countries，作为插入语修饰viewpoint，将主语和谓语分隔开来;介词短语by the widely-held belief是被动语态reinforced的行为主体;that it is„„mankind是belief的同位语从句，这里还含有 一个强调句式，即it is not the peaceful application„„that is endangering„„。 译文: 这种在发展中国家显得尤为突出的观点被一种广泛持有的信念所加强，即并非和平利用核能正 危害着人类的生存。 -------------------------------------------------10. 【烤鸭长难句分析】96-100 雅思阅读长难句分析96: nor,if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect,is management to be blamed for discriminating against the odd balls among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who work well with the team. 雅思阅读长难句分析97: no girl should marry a man whose last name has the same initial as hers,for,as the rhyme goes,change the name but not the letter,marry for worse instead of better. 雅思阅读长难句分析98: observations were made of the children at the beginning and at the end of preschool and first grade. 雅思阅读长难句分析99: for example,they do not compensate for gross social inequality,and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances. 雅思阅读长难句分析100: only after studies provided evidence of the harmful effects of such programs has it been possible to modify tv programming policies. -------------96-100-----------nor,if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect,is management to be blamed for discriminating against the odd balls among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who work well with the team. 解析: 否定词nor放在句首时，主谓倒装。is放到了主语management前。同时，if引导的条件状语从句 置于nor与句子的其他成分之间，造成了句子的割裂状态。条件状语从句中as desirable„„ as the writing„„可视为同级比较结构。句中who引导的定语从句修饰先行词thinkers，可采用合译的方法翻译 。be blamed for为固定短语，意为“因„而受指责”。in favor of „„在句中做状语。 译文: 假如像学术论文反映的那样，科学家们期望看到与某种标准模式符合的规律性和一致性。那么 ，如果管理者们歧视研究者中的“怪杰”，而喜欢善于合作的较常规思维的人，这也是无可指责的。 no girl should marry a man whose last name has the same initial as hers,for,as the rhyme goes,change the name but not the letter,marry for worse instead of better. 解析: 第一层:no girl 主 should marry 谓 a man 宾 whose last name has the same initial as hers,定语从句 for,as the rhyme goes,change 状语从句 the name but not the letter,marry for worse instead of better. 第二层:(定语从句)whose 引 last name 主 has 谓 the same initial 宾 as hers 定 (状语从句)for,引 as the rhyme goes,状 change 谓 the name 宾 but 连 not the letter,宾 marry 谓 for worse instead of better.状 要点 这是个主从复合句。for是连接词，引导状语从句。as the rhyme goes是插入语，插在for和它引 导的从句之间，造成for和它引导的从句的分离，翻译时，可译成一个主谓结构。 译文: 姑娘不该嫁给与自己的姓的首字母相同的人，因为正如一首童谣所说:改姓不改首字母，婚后 必将受其苦。 observations were made of the children at the beginning and at the end of preschool and first grade. 解析: 整个of短语作observations的定语，相当于observations of the children at the beginning and at the end of preschool and first grade were made.因为定语太长，所以将其置于动词之后，以避免句子头重脚轻。这样 就造成了句子的割裂，翻译时应将被割裂的部分还原。preschool:学前的。 译文: 人们对孩子们在学前班和小学一年级开始时和结束时的情况都曾进行过观察。 for example,they do not compensate for gross social inequality,and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances. 解析: 句中had he grown up „„ 是虚拟条件中省略if的倒装结构。翻译时，要把if的含义译出。主句为 并列谓语„„ compensate „„ ， and „„ tell结构。句中how引导宾语从句。虚拟条件句为宾语从句的状 语。根据汉语的表达习惯，条件状语常前置。 译文: 例如，它们并不弥补明显的社会不公;因此，它们说明不了一个物质条件差的年轻人，如果在 较好的环境下成长，会有多大的才干。 only after studies provided evidence of the harmful effects of such programs has it been possible to modify tv programming policies. 解析: only是加强语气的词语，位于句首时，主谓语要倒装。这样的句子一般可按原文顺序翻译。has it been „„是主句，正装应是it has been„„。 译文: 只有大量调研提供出证据表明此类节目产生不良影响后，电视节目审查 政策 公共政策概论形成性考核册答案公共政策概论形成性考核册答案2018本科2018公共政策概论形成性考核册答案公共政策概论作业1答案公共政策概论形成考核册答案 才有可能改变。 小组撒花贴答案: 但是，对一个小部分学生来说，职业教育也是条可取的路径。因为在 其他因素相同的情况下，技能的 娴熟是得到工作与否的关键。