大学英语B级统考语法概要

大学英语B级统考语法概要 大学英语B级统考语法概要:从句 1(名词从句 A. 知识要点 在句中起名词作用的从句称为名词从句，可以在句中作主语、宾语或介词宾语、 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 语、同位语等。名词性从句通常由that, whether/if, 疑问词(which, what, why, how等)以及连接词(whenever“无论什么时候”, whatever“无论什么”等)引导。 (1)由that引导的名词从句:that无任何语义，不做句子成分，仅起连接主、 从句的作用。在宾语从句中常可省去，其他名词从句中不能省。 e.g. That she doesn’t understand spoken English is obvious. 很明显她不懂口语。(主从) I think (that) he is a good actor. 我认为他是个好演员。(宾从) The truth is that he is only eighteen. 事实是他只有18岁。(表从) The fact that Ann was late didn’t surprise me.安迟到的事实不足为奇。(同位语从句) (2)由whether / if 引导的名词性从句:whether / if表示“是否”的意思。 e.g. Whether she goes with us (or not) is not important to me. 她是否和我们一起去对我而 言不重要。(主语从句) I don’t know whether/if he will come. 我不知道他来不来。(宾语从句) (3)由疑问词引导的名词性从句:疑问词引导名词性从句时，在从句中担任语 法成分，而且常保留其本身的含义。 e.g. Why they left the country is a secret.他们为什么离开了乡下是个秘密。(主从) She explained to him how he can start the car. 她向他解释怎样才能启动这辆汽车。(宾 从) The question was who owned the house. 问题是谁是那房子的主人。(表从) (4)名词从句中注意的几点: ?that引导主语从句或宾语从句时，可用it作形式主语或形式宾语。 e.g. It is strange that he make a mistake. 真怪，他竟做错了。(主从，it为形 式主语，真正的主语为that所引导的从句) e.g. He made it quite clear that he preferred to study English. 他很明确地说他 宁愿学习英语。(宾从，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为that所引导的从句) ?在同位语从句中，可接同位语的名词通常是抽象名词，且通常带冠词。 常见的有:idea(主意), belief(信仰), doubt(疑问), evidence(证据), fact(事实), hope(希望), message(消息), news(消息), orders(命令), plan( 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 ), promise(许诺), feeling(感觉), truth (真理，事实)等。 B(例题讲解 1)With his work completed, the manager stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased ______ he was a man of action. (《大学英语》(B)Test 2, 38) A. which B. that C. what D. whether 解析:此题中he was a man of action这个句子做pleased的宾语，而在这个宾语从句中句子成分完整且不缺词义，因此正确 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 为B选项。 2)I have the complacent feeling ______ I’m highly intelligent. (《大学英语》(B)Test 3, 34) A. what B. which C. that D. this 解析:feeling后面的句子是一个同位语从句，要用that来引导，因此正确答案为C选项。 3)We all thought ______a pity that you were unable to attend our meeting.((《大学英语》(B) Test3, 36) A. that B. which C. this D. it 解析:此题中，that所引导的从句是真实宾语，因此在谓语动词thought之后缺少一个形式宾语it，因此正确答案为D选项。 2(定语从句 A. 知识要点 (1)在句子中作定语的从句称为定语从句。 e.g. He is the person who / that is going to give a concert on the century square. ? ? 先行词 关联词 他是那个要在世纪广场上举行音乐会的人。 (2)关联词在定语从句中充当一定成分， 关系代词/副词 先行词 在从句中的作用 作主语 who 指人 作宾语(可省) whom 关系 作主语/宾语(作宾语时可that 代词 省) 指人或物 作定语 whose 指物 作主语/宾语 which 表示时间的名作时间状语 when 词 关系 表示地点的名副词 作地点状语 where 词 作原因状语 why reason e.g. A man who does not try to learn from others cannot hope to achieve much. 一个不向别人学习的人是不能指望有多大成就的。(在定语从句中作主语) The engineers (whom / that) we met yesterday have worked out a new machine. 我们昨天碰到的那些 工程 路基工程安全技术交底工程项目施工成本控制工程量增项单年度零星工程技术标正投影法基本原理 师设计出了一种新的机器。(在定语从句中作宾语) It is a problem which needs very careful consideration. 这是一个需要非常认真考虑的问题。(在定语从句中作主语) Madame Curie is a great scientist whose name is known all over the world. 居里夫人是一位世界闻名的大科学家。(在定语从句中作name的定语) We can never forget the day when Hong Kong returned to our homeland. 我们永远不会忘记香港回归祖国的那一天。(在定语从句中作时间状语) The building where you used to live has been pulled down. 你过去曾住过的那栋 大厦已经被拆除了。(在定语从句中作地点状语) We know the reason why he was very angry. 我们知道他为什么非常生气。(在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词一般 是reason) (3)只能用关系代词that的情况: ? 先行词为all, anything, something等不定代词时，只能用that; e.g. I have never taken anything that doesn’t belong to me. 我从未拿过不属于我的任何东西。 ? 先行词前有最高级形容词及序数词first, last, next, only等修饰词时，只能用that。 e.g. He was one of the greatest scientists that ever lived. 他是有史以来最伟大的科学家之一。 He is the only one among us that knows English. 他是我们当中唯一一个懂英语的人。 (4)只能用关系代词which的情况: ? 定语从句前出现逗号时，只能用which引导; e.g. I never met Mary again, which was a pity. ? 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语且前面有介词时，只能用which引导。 e.g. The music to which we listened last night was written by my father. 我们昨晚听的那首曲子是我父亲写的。 B(例题讲解 1)Did you notice the guy ______ head looked like a big potato?(《大学英语》(B)Test 1, 37) A. who B. which C. whose D. whom 解析:此题中，the guy是先行词，并且在定语从句中主语、谓语和宾语都不缺，只缺少名词主语中head的定语，表示“那个家伙的头看上去像个大马铃薯”，因此正确答案为C选项。 2)While I was in the university, I learned taking a photo, _______ is very useful now for me.(《大学英语》(B)Test 4, 32) A. it B. which C. that D. what 解析:此题是which引导非限制性定语从句，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，而A和D是不能引导定语从句的，因此正确答案为B选项。 3)It is the best _______ I have seen. (《大学英语》(B)Test 4, 42) A. that B. who C. whom D. which 解析:先行词为the best，是good的最高级形式;在定语从句中，先行词为形容词最高级或有最高级形容词修饰词时，只能用that，因此正确答案为A选项。 4)Children under fifteen are not permitted to see such kind of movies _______ bad for their mental development.(《大学英语》(B)Test 5, 38) A. that is B. which is C. as is D. what are 解析:such能与as或that搭配，分别引导定语从句和状语从句，因此排除B和D。在此题中，______ is bad for their mental development这句话中，缺少主语，因此该句为as…引导的定语从句，as代替kind of movies做定语从句中的主语，因此正确答案为C选项。 5)The film brought the hours back to me _______ I was taken good care of in that remote village.(《大学英语》(B)Test 6, 42) A. when B. where C. that D. until 解析:此题中，the hours为先行词，表时间，而在从句中缺少的就是相应的时间状语，因此正确答案为A选项。 3(状语从句 A. 知识要点 用作状语的从句称为状语从句。它主要用于修饰句子中的谓语动词，从各个方面来修饰、说明谓语动词发生时的各种情况。状语从句的连接副词有很多，比如:when(当…时候)while(当…时候), as(正当…时), every time(每当), before(在…以前), since(自…以来), until / till(直到…), hardly „ when(刚…就…)，because (因为), as(在..时候;像…一样…;因为…), since(既然)，if(如果), though(虽然), as, than…等等。例句: (1)When she woke up, she found everybody had gone. 她醒来时，她发现大家都走了。(时间状语从句) (2)Don’t try to get on the train until / till it stops. 等火车停下来再上车。(时间状语从句) (3)Wherever I go, I will bring an umbrella with me. 我不管到哪，都会带上一把伞。(地点状语从句) (4)He was worried because he hadn’t had any letter form his child. 他很着急，因为他一直没有收到他孩子的信。(原因状语从句) (5)I’ll ring him up at once so that he shouldn’t wait for me. 我马上给他挂电话以便他别等我了。(结果状语从句) (6)If the weather is fine tomorrow, we shall go to the country. 如果明天天气晴朗，我们就到乡下去。(条件状语从句) (7)Although he is little, he is brave. 他人虽小，但很勇敢。(让步状语从句) (8)I admire and respect you more than everybody else (does). 我比其他的人都更钦佩和尊敬您。(比较状语从句) B(例题讲解 1)No matter ______, the little sisters managed to round the sheep up and drive them back home safely.(《大学英语》(B)Test 1, 45) A. it was snowing hard B. hard it was snowing C. how it was snowing hard D. how hard it was snowing 解析:此题为“no matter，疑问词”引导让步状语从句，因此可以排除A和B，而how疑问词后面要接副词或形容词，因此正确答案为D选项。 大学英语B级统考语法概要:强调结构 A. 知识要点 强调句的结构是:“It is / was + 被强调部分(主语、宾语、表语或状语) + that(who)„”。当被强调的部分指的是事物、时间、地点、原因、方式„„时，一律用that;当被强调的部分指的是人物时，用that或who皆可。 e.g. Mrs. Brown came to visit our college on Wednesday. ? It was on Wednesday that Mrs. Brown came to visit our college. 布郎太太是在星期三来参观我们学院的. 注意以下几点: ? 被强调的部分为句子中除谓语动词以外的所有成分，但无论强调句子的什么 成分，如时间状语、地点状语等，都用that引出句子的其他部分，而不用 when, where; ? 在强调人时，如果被强调的部分在原句中作主语，用that或who皆可;如 果被强调的部分在原句中作宾语，用that、who或whom皆可; ? 在此结构中be动词只有时态的变化，没有数的变化，即不管被强调的部分 是单数还是复数，一律用is / was; ? 被强调的部分是从原正常句子中为强调而提取出来的那一部分，因而要保持 原来句子的时态，主语、宾语是代词都仍用代词 ? It is / was not until „ that „是强调句型中常见的强调时间状语从句 的句式，that后用肯定式。 e.g. I didn’t know what kind of a country she is until I came to China. ? It was not until I came to China that I knew what kind of a country she is.正是直到我到了中国我才知道她(指中国)是一个怎样的国家。 B(例题讲解 1)It was on the beach ______ Miss White found the kid lying dead. (《大学英语》(B)Test 3, 35) A. that B. this C. it D. which 解析:It was„that„为强调句型，此句话中强调的是地点状语。因此正确答案 为A选项。 2)It is not until you have lost your health _______ you know its value. (《大学英语》(B)Test6, 44) A. until B. when C. what D. that 解析:It is not until…that…为强调句，强调的是until时间状语，因此正确答案为D选项。