大学英语B网络统考复习指导

大学英语B网络统考复习指导 内蒙古广播电视大学 外语教学部 根据教育部的规定，中央广播电视大学“人才培养模式改革与开放教育试点”项目 本科层次学历教育的学生，将与现代远程教育试点高校网络教育学生一起，参加部分公共 课的全国统一考试。“大学英语（B）”是除英语类专业和艺术类专业学生外，其他专业类 学生必考的英语教程。为了给学生提供考前有效的热身和有针对性的指导。我们编写了这 套《大学英语（B）网络统考复习指南》 根据教育部网考办颁布的“大学英语（B）考试大纲”精神,该考试是基础水平检测性考试,旨在全面检查学生综合运用英语各项技能的基本能力。《大学英语（B）网络统考复习指南》严格按照教育部“大学英语（B）”考试大纲的结构与题型要求，精心设计了模 拟自测提和仿真题。模拟自测题可供学生平时练习使用，也可以根据自身学习需要，分项 进行强化练习。模拟题用于帮助学生进行考前自我测验，在应试的状态下，检测自己对试 题难度及做题时间的把握程度。 由于编写时间仓促、编者水平有限，有疏漏之处恳请指正，以便再版时加以改正。 编者 2006年7月 试点高校网络教育部分公共基础课全国统一考试，旨在遵循网络教育应用型人才的 培养目标，针对从业人员继续教育的特点，重在检验学生掌握 基础知识 税务基础知识象棋入门,基础知识常见鼠类基础知识常用电子元器件基础知识电梯基础知识培训资料 的水平及应用能力， 全面提高现代远程高等学历教育的教学质量。“大学英语”课程是现代远程教育试点高校 网络教育实行全国统一考试的部分公共基础课之一。该课程的考试是一种基础水平检测性 考试，考试合格者应达到与成人高等教育本科相应的大学英语课程要求的水平。 教育部批准的现代远程教育试点高校网络教育学院和中央广播电视大学“人才培养模 式改革和开放教育试点”项目中自2004年3月1日（含3月1日）以后入学的本科层次学历教育的学生，应参加网络教育部分公共基础课全国统一考试。 “大学英语（B）”考试大纲适用于除英语类和艺术类专业以外的其他专业高中起点 与专科起点本科学生。 本考试旨在全面检查现代远程教育所有专业（除英语类和艺术类专业）的本科学生综 合运用英语听、说、读、写各项技能的基本能力。考生应掌握基本的英语语法知识和词汇， 具备运用不同的阅读和听力技巧获取信息的能力以及用英语进行口头和笔头交际的基本 能力。 【语法】考生应掌握基本的英语语法知识，并能在听、说、读、写、译中较正确地加 以运用。 【词汇】考生应认知3000个单词，并熟练掌握其中的1800个单词及其基本的搭配。 【交际能力】 考生应掌握日常生活常见情景中的基本交际用语。 【阅读】 考生应能读懂与日常生活和社会生活相关的不同类型的文字材料，阅读速 度为每分钟50个单词。考生应能： 1. 理解主旨要义； 2. 理解文中具体信息； 3. 根据上下文推测生词词义； 4. 进行有关的判断、理解和引申，理解作者的意图、观点或态度。 【写作】 考生应能在30分钟内写出长度不少于80词的常见应用文及一般的叙述文、说明文和议论文。考生应能： 1. 用较正确的语法、词汇、拼写、标点进行表达； 2. 基本做到内容切题，结构严谨，条理清楚； 3. 根据不同的写作目的进行有针对性的写作。 Part ? Use of English （英语应用） （20 points）; Part ? Reading Comprehension (阅读理解) (40 points); Part ? Vocabulary and Structure (词汇及句型) (25 points); Part ? Writing (写作) (15 points)。 项分总时间 大题 内容 题型 考点 题量 目 数 分 （分钟） ?交际日常情景交际能 简短对话 多项选择 10个题 20 20 20 用语 力 4篇短文，包括应用多项选择理解主旨要义、具?阅读 文、描述文、记叙文、及判断正体信息，根据上下20个题 40 40 40 理解 说明文或议论文等 误 文推测词义 ? A 单句 多项选择 语法和词汇 15个题 15 词汇与25 30 B 短文 完型填空 词汇、句法和篇章 10个空 10 结构 ? 作文 命题作文 写作能力 1 15 15 30 写作 总计 100 100 120 考试为闭卷考试，考试满分为100分。考试由全国高校网络教育考试委员会组织命题， 在同一时间全国统考。 考试分为四个部分：第一部分为交际用语，20分；第二部分为阅读理解，40分；第三部分为词汇与结构，30分；第四部分为写作，15分。考试时间共120分钟，其中交际用语部分占20分钟，阅读理解部分占40分钟，词汇与结构部分占30分钟，写作部分占30分钟。 交际用语部分的试题以对话的形式出现。测试考生掌握日常生活常见情景中的基本 交际用语的能力，这部分共有十个问题。 Part I. Use of English (20 points) Directions: In this part there are 10 incomplete dialogues. For each dialogue there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the dialogue. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 1． — Hello, may I talk to the headmaster now? — _______________________________. A. Sorry, he is busy at the moment B. No, you can't C. Sorry, you can't D. I don't know 在交际用语这部分试题中共有两种类型的题：一类是问答型，一问，一答。一类是对 话型，对方有某种表述，然后表达自己的意见。 ，比如： 1． — Excuse me, sir. Where is Dr. Brown's office? — ___________________________________. A. You can't ask me. B. Pardon? I have no idea. C. Please don't say so. D. Sorry I don't know, but you can ask the man over there. 。第一句给的不是一句问话，而是一种肯定的表述，比如： 1． —I'd like to take you to the coffee house on the corner. — __________________________________________. A. Thank you. You shouldn't' do that B. Thanks. I'd like to go with you C. No, you can't say so D. No, no. You can't do that 这部分总共有四篇短文，每篇五个问题，共20道题，每题2分，其总分为40分。 此部分的题所占分数的比重较大。 Part II. Reading Comprehension (40 points) Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five questions. For each question there are four choices marked A, B. C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage 1 Is teaching important? Well, of course it is. There was a time when the necessary knowledge could be taught to the young by family members. But as societies became more complex and division of labor more common, it was impossible for family members to teach the information and skills young people needed to become useful members of the society. As the need for specialists appeared, the job of teaching came into being in our country, and teaching as a job has been of increasing importance over the past one hundred years. Today, we have strict rules for teachers. We hope all children can go to school. Many things tell us that teaching is indeed an "important" job. In recent years, there has been an increasing need for teachers to be "responsible". This means that the public expects teachers to succeed in teaching important information to the young. Teachers' salaries today, while not much, certainly are much higher than they were in the past. These increases have come about because people have realized that without enough salaries, people who have abilities will not become teachers. Today almost no one says that "anybody will do" for a teacher. The public expects "quality people" to teach the young, and progress is being made to give salaries that will make people who have abilities become teachers. 1．Before the job of teaching came into being ___. A. family members had been responsible for the education of the young B. specialists had been in charge of teaching young people C. young people had to be self-educated D. the society had played an important role in educating young people 2．The job of teaching came into being mainly because of___. A. the development of the society B. the explosion of information C. the need for engineers D. the civilization of human beings 3．Teachers' salaries are raised today in order to ___. A. show the importance of teaching as a job B. attract more qualified people to become teachers C. make teachers-"responsible" in their teaching D. improve the quality of public teaching 4．"Anybody will do" for a teacher (in paragraph 2) means that____. A. almost all people want to become teachers B. a teacher is so highly respected that people all want to help him C. a teacher wilt do whatever he can for his students D. the job of teaching is so easy that everybody can do it 5．The main idea of the passage is that____. A. greater progress has to be made in teaching B. enough salaries are necessary in making "quality people" become teachers C. it is important to be successful in teaching the young D. teaching is a product of the society's division of labor 在词汇与结构这一部分中有两类题型：一类是单句，一类是完型填空，都采用多项选 择的形式。 Part ?. Vocabulary and Structure (25 points) Section A Directions: In this section there are 15 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B. C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 1．She gave John a present, but John gave her nothing ____. A. in return B. in turn C. in advance D. in vain 2．The reason why I did not go to the theater last night was that I could not _____ the time. A. offer B. leave C. afford D. manage Section B Directions: There are 10 blanks in She following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE answer that best completes the passage. Then mark the corresponding leller on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Television broadcasts are limited to an area that is within the 1 of the sending station or its relay. 2 television relays are often placed on hills and mountains so that they can 3 a wider region, they still can not cover as much as people expect, However, the rays also go out into the atmosphere. 4 there is a relay station on a satellite that revolves around the earth, it can send the pictures to any point on the earth from which the satellite can be 5 Three satellites periodically turning around over the equator will send 6 television program to any part of the earth. This makes it possible for world 7 of newspapers to give the news in all countries at the same time. Someday it may be possible for a subscriber lo a televised newspaper to press a button and see a newspaper page 8 his television screen. He could also decide when he wants the page 9 . Moreover, by dialing different numbers such as 10 on a telephone dial, he could choose the language or the edition of the paper he wants to read. 1．A. range B. view C. miles D. distance 2．A. Even B. Although C. Unless D. Whenever 3．A. cover B. spread C. help D. pass 4．A. Then B. Therefore C. So D. If 5．A. watched B. seen C. spotted D. protected 6．A. one B. all C. some D. any 7．A. population B. editions C. articles D. reports 8．A. at B. in C. on D. by 9．A. turn B. to turn C. turning D. to be turned 10．A. what B. these C. those D. ones 对短文的具体要求是：切题，能正确表达思想；意义连贯，文章基本通顺；无重大 语言错误。 Part ?. Writing (15 points) Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write an E-mail to contact one of your former classmates. You should write at least 80 words, and base your E-mail on the Chinese outline below: 此写作样题给考生提供了一个写作提纲，使用的是中文： 1. 了解对方毕业后的情况 2. 你的近况 3. 邀请对方方便时来访 所谓“ 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 化”英语测试就是：（1）内容和形式的标准化；（2）评分的客观性和一致性；（3）考试过程的标准化。因而复习及应试时就有一定的技巧性。 1：复习要抓住重点，有得有舍 比如：完型填空就是对平时水平的测试，很难在短时间通过做题有所提高。而交际用 语、阅读、语法，作文可以在短期内提高分数，复习时应把时间和重点放在这里。 2：做选择题时，不要漏题 没把握的和不会的选项，不要空。但不要任意地选择。集中A、B、C、D中某一个选项，尤其是你选择得比较少的那个选项，把它用黑线划出，也可以采用排除法做出选择。 在统考前，同学应做思想上和技术上的准备。 1. 应树立通过的信心。同时排除侥幸心理。在考前有 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 、有重点地复习某些考试项目， 能在短期内在成绩上有较快的提高，是完全有可能的。保证达到分数线是考前准备的最低 目标。为了达到这个目标，就要把主要时间花在分项训练上。 2. (1) 备一本简易通俗的语法书。 (2) 备一本相当英语三级水平的词汇手册。 (3) 准备一些水平合适的阅读材料。 (4) 备一本中级的有例句的英汉字典。考试不能靠电子词典。 (5) 备一本简单的英语日常口语对话教材。 (6) 考前按正式考试的程序，做几套模拟题 交际用语部分的试题以对话的形式出现，测试考生掌握日常生活常见情景中的基本交 际用语的能力。 交际用语试题在平时的开放英语?（1）、（2）学习过程中很少见到。所以在准备统考 时，有必要重点复习一下。 复习交际用语需要做以下准备工作： 1．备一本简单的中级口语书。 2．复习英语中功能性的用语，如：问候语、感谢语、道歉、接受、拒绝等。 3．熟悉西方社会生活中常见的情景对话，如：打电话、购物、问路、借东西、银行 等等。 4．熟悉西方社会人们交际的基本礼节。 例题一： — What can I do for you? — ____________________. A. I want a kilo of apples B. You can go your own way C. Thanks D. Excuse me. I'm busy 这题的答案是 A. I want a kilo of apples 为什么是A呢？对话的第一句是 What can I do for you ? 这是一句典型的“服务行业”用语，在不同的情景中可以理解为不同的意思： 在商店里就是：“你买什么？” 在其他公共场合就是：“我能帮您做什么？” 这里的四个选项中B C D选项即不是希望对方为自己作什么，也不是要买什么。只有 A的回答是“要买一公斤苹果。”只有A与所给的问题组成了一段意思合理，又符合逻辑 的对话。所以A是正确答案 例题二： — Do you mind telling me where you're from? — _____________________. A. Certainly. I'm from London. B. Sure. I was born in London. C. Not really, you can do it. D. Certainly not. I'm form London. Do you mind ? 句型，回答时： 如果是肯定的如，yes, certainly 那就是我在意，请你不要做什么 如果自己不在意，回答应该是： No， not at all. 这道题的干扰因素是：A B D 都回答了 I'm from London. 或 I was born in London. 它 们都回答了 Where are you from? 这个提问。这说明这三个回答前面的用语是正确与否的 关键。A B 一个用了 Certainly 一个用了 Sure 。肯定的回答，它违反了英语回答 Do you mind? 这类问题的习惯。只有 Certainly not. I'm from London. 是正确答案 例题三： — Do you think I could borrow your dictionary? — _____________________. A. Yes, you may borrow. B. Yes, go on. C. Yes, help yourself. D. It doesn't matter. 对方问“我能借你的字典吗？” 四个回答都好象是肯定的回答，看不出又什么不对。但是如果理解了每一个回答，就 能分辨出哪一个是最合适的回答。 A. you may borrow. 你可以借。 B. go on 请继续。继续什么呢？不清楚。D.It doesn't matter. 没关系。这个回答好象对方作错了什么事。 C. Yes, help yourself. 自己动手（等于说：拿吧）所以C是正确答案。 从上面三个例子，我们可以总结以下规律： 交际用语的答案不是明显的对错问题，它是是否符合口语习惯的问题。答题时， 不是寻找错误，而是判断语言的使用是否 规范 编程规范下载gsp规范下载钢格栅规范下载警徽规范下载建设厅规范下载 。 要熟悉各种情景的对话用语，这样可以在短时间内，判断对话发生的地点和场景。 要熟悉西方人们日常的交际习惯，礼貌规则。这里所说的人们交往的交际习惯应 该是西方文化中的习惯，而不是我们东方文化中，特别是我们自己生活中习惯了的交 往方式。 这里特别提醒大家注意：我们是在说英语，不是用英语的句型套用汉语的习惯。 比如在中国，当人们夸奖我们英语讲得不错的时候，我们会很谦虚地回答：“讲得不 好，还得好好学习。”但是，这个回答不同于西方文化中的习惯。在英语里，我们就 会回答：“Thank you.”表示感谢。在交际用语中，考生应该选择符合西方文化的语言， 特别注意 Thank you和Sorry 的使用。 下面是交际用语的一些参考的范围： 1．功能性的日常用语 a. 问候与应答 b. 介绍 c. 告别 d. 感谢与应答 e. 请求帮助与应答 f. 提供帮助与应答 g. 祝愿与应答 h. 道歉与应答 i. 邀请与应答 j. 时间与日期 k. 表示个人意见 l. 表示个人心情和态度 2．日常情景对话 a. 约会 b. 打电话 c. 问路 d. 问讯事物 e. 天气 f. 交通 g. 购物 h. 就餐 i. 旅游 j. 健康 k. 学校生活 l. 家庭生活 1、外语阅读策略要求学生不断进行假设、预言与推断。 即阅读一篇文章时，读了第一句就会对下面要讲的事有一种期待，根据逻辑关系和现 有的知识结构推断下面会讲什么。比如：我们读到一句话：Yesterday he didn't come to school,下面是什么呢？下面肯定讲的是“because”讲他为什么没来学校。可是，当所读的篇章如 果是生疏的，是我们没有涉猎的领域的时候。我们就很难预测了。 这说明什么问题吗？也就是说：阅读材料是我们熟悉的，哪怕较长我们也不觉得难。如果阅读材料生疏，读起 来就如同爬山。那怕没什么生词，也费解。所以，要提高阅读能力，就要“广泛阅读与‘阅 读理解部分’内容相近的读物。”要开阔阅读题材、增加阅读量。在中级英语学习阶段， 主要集中在人文类的篇章：社会生活、名人轶事、历史发明、自然现象、人际关系、等等。 2、词汇是阅读的基础。 多年来的实践表明，在听、说、读、写四种语言技能中，词汇与阅读的相关度最大。 影响考生阅读速度的主要原因是词汇量不够。为了提高阅读理解的速度，考生应在平时注 意扩大词汇量，把阅读篇章作为学习英语的重要内容。在我国，有些英语学习者把学习重 点放在语法学习上，以为把语法学好了英语就好了。这是一种误解。语法是语言的结构关 系，对于理解英语的句子和篇章的上下文关系都是非常重要的。但是，仅仅学好语法而忽 略了语言内容的学习，就会影响词汇量的扩大。 另外，有些学生做阅读理解部分的题目。读完了，题也做了。对过答案后就开始读另 一篇。这种满足于答案正确的做法使学生忽略了读书这个根本的目的。同学们都有这样的 体会。题也作了，答案也对过了。但是阅读材料中讲的到底是什么，读过之后没有任何印 象。如果把阅读材料要当作精读来学习，文章读过了，词汇量扩大了，语感增强了。不仅 阅读水平提高、词汇扩大、对完型填空的做题水平也会提高。 3、影响考生理解意思的主要原因是只注意了单句的理解而忽略了整篇的理解，或只 注意了文字表面上的意思而忽略了深层含义及隐含意思的理解。 对篇章的理解建立在对句子之间和段落之间逻辑关系正确的判断。首先，应掌握文章 所表达的主题思想和作者的态度。读者必须理解文章主张什么，不主张什么，作者支持什 么，不支持什么，作者表面上赞同什么，而实际上赞同的却又是什么。读者只理解单句的 意思，不注意上下文的逻辑关系，文章真正的含义就无法搞懂。考试时，考试的题目往往 让考生选择最佳选项添补所提的问题。选择答案时考生特别要注意因果关系和顺序关系。 文章中没有现成的答案，而是需要通过对文章的理解进行归纳、总结和推理才能得出。 阅读理解部分的考试方法一般是两种： 一种是先读全文，再看问题，答题。 一种是先读问题，事先形成一种阅读内容的梗概，然后再阅读材料中找答案，找到即 可。 总之，阅读理解部分能够“投机取巧”答对题的机率并不高。应当重视平时积累，多 看多读，扎扎实实地把阅读水平提上去。 英国伟大的哲学家培根在他著名的散文“Of Studies”论读书一文中讲“读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才„„读书使人充实„„读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀” 我们应该把 阅读当作提高英语水平的基石来看待。 在此主要介绍网络教育与现代远程教育考试有可能出现的语法测试重点。 1 ?. 以only 和not only, but also 开头的句子。 例：Only in this way can we learn English well. （注意：can we learn是个部分倒装形式）。 例：Not only did they take the desks away, but they took the chairs away. （注意but后的 正常语序） ? 以否定词no, not, never, hardly, seldom, 开头的句子。 例：Nowhere else can you find such good quality furniture. 例：Never before have I ever been so happy. 例：So little ____ about stock exchange that the lecture was completely beyond me. A.did I know B. I had known C. I knew D. was I known 2 例：It is because she is very devoted to her student ________ she is respected by them. A.that B. which C. what D. who It is something (that) 而不是(which) It is Mr. Li (who) „ 3 例：The company official ____ I thought would be fired received a raise. A. whom B. whoever C.who D. of whom 例： ____ was pointed above, this substance can be used as a substitute. A. It B. That C. What D.As 4 名词从句的引导词是“what” ，从句中的语序有变化，不同于正常语序。“what”代 替了句中某个“事或物”，而这个“事或物”(名词)则被省略。(we once considered ―something‖ as impossible) has now become a reality = (What we once considered as impossible) （从句作主 语）has now become reality. 例： ________ was not the way the event happened. A. Which the press reported B. That the press reported C. What did the press report D.What the press reported 例： Air, or ____ is called atmosphere, surrounds the whole earth. A. it B. that C. which D.what What引导的从句可作主语，which引导的从句只能修饰名词，作定语，而且放在 被修饰词的后面。 5 must be / must be doing / must have done 表示的是一种推测性的句子。 must be 一定是， must be doing 一定在做什么 must have done 一定做过什么。 Who‘s there? It must be Tom. 谁在那儿？一定是汤姆。 The ground is wet. It must have rained last night. would + have done 表示本可以做而未做的意思。 I would have joined you if I had time. 如果我有时间，我就会跟你们一起去了。 6 非真实条件句（虚拟语气），还有其他虚拟语气的句子。是必考的项目。 例：I'd _______ you didn't touch that, if you don't mind. A.rather B. better C. happier D. further I'd = I would ，这是虚拟语气的一个重要符号。 如：I would rather somebody did. 例： The doctor advised that Mr. Malan ____ an operation right away so as to save his life. A. had B. would have C.have D. was going to have 又如：It is time we went. It is (about / high) time somebody did. 该干什么了。 例：He talks as if he ________everything in the world. A. knows B.knew C. had known D. would have known 例：I wish you ________ to me before you went and bought that car. A. spoke B. will speak C. was going to speak D.had spoken 例：The driver might have ______the accident if he had had his headlights on. A. missed B.avoided C. stopped D. dismissed 7 _______ tired after a hard work ,she fell into bed and went straight to sleep. A. Felt B.Feeling C. Being felt D. To feel 8 当伴随的情况中的主语与主句中的主语不一致时，伴随情况从句要： ?带有逻辑上的主语，?逻辑主语的谓语部分不同于一般的动词，而使用分词(-ing 或 -ed)。?不要连词。 比较： Because my mother is sick, I cannot attend the conference. My mother being sick, I cannot attend the conference. Because my arm was injured, I cannot attend the conference. My arm injured, I cannot attend the conference. ______, we decided to leave at once, as we didn't want to risk missing the bus. A. As it being pretty late B.It being pretty late C. It was being pretty late D. Being pretty late （时间已晚），我们决定立即动身，因为我们不想错过这班公交车。 题中原句的意思是： it is pretty late, „„用来说明我们为什么要立即动身的理 由，有三种办法表达这种意思： ? 用原因状语从句 Since it is pretty late, we decided to „ ? 分两句讲：It is pretty late. We decided to „ ? 用独立主格：It (指时间) being pretty late, we decided to „ 9. 例：Before her marriage, she spent a considerable time in that very part of Shanghai, ________ she belonged. A. which B. to where C.to which D. at which 例：The investigation, ________ will soon be published, was made by john. A. at which the results B. the results on which C.whose results D. at whose results 10 所谓主谓一致是指谓语动词要与主语相一致。这句要求的是动词的单/复数要与主语匹配。如下面几种情况： ? 用and 连词是复数： Mary and Larry are „ ? 用or, either „ or„, neither „ nor „时，随or/nor后面的词而定。这被称作就近原则。Neither he nor we are „ 出现together with 和as well as 的短语时，不要管它,要以主语而定。 Xiao Li, together with his friends, is going to the movie. Lao Li, as well as all the other people, is going to „。 11 时间信号是by + 将来的时间, 主句中用将来完成时或完成进行时。 By the time you finish your college studies I will have got married. By the year 2009 China will have hosted the Olympic Games. 过去完成时： 时间信号是by + 过去时间，主句中用过去完成时或过去完成进行时。 By the time when we got there, everything had been sold out. By the end of 1989 I had finished my studies in college. By next year he __________ in New York for five years. A. has worked B. has been working C. works D. will have worked （到明年），他就（将）在纽约（住满了）五年了。 by。by 2008, by the end of next year, by then, by the end of 1992等等。 大学英语(B)的写作要求: 时间：30分钟 字数：不少于80词 文体：应用文及一般的叙述文、说明文和议论文 要求：1. 语法、词汇、拼写、标点正确； 2. 内容切题，结构严谨，条理清楚； 3. 写作目的有针对性。 目前重点介绍应用文：写信、写电子邮件。 信件与电子邮件的格式： 信件与电子邮件的格式基本上可以统一，不必分得很细。那种严格意义上的英文信件 格式，和所谓的信封如何书写随着时代已经淡漠了。 但是，基本的格式：称呼、内容、结束、祝愿、留名是必不可少的。 范文： Dear Mr. John Brown, I have received your letter of May 15, asking me to find a good Chinese- English dictionary for you. As a matter of fact, I have bought a very good dictionary for you already. It was compiled by a famous Chinese scholar. I'll send it to you through the post office soon. How is everything with you? Still working with your Ph D program in Harvard? How is everything going there in the United States, especially after 911? Recently, I've finished my college studies. But I have to pass a national standardizes English test before I can get my diploma. So, I'm busy preparing for the test. I hope everything will be O K for me. Best regards to you and your family. Yours sincerely, Liu Mei 信中每段第一行的第一个字不再向后缩进几格。这种叫做齐头式。按照传统的每段第一 个字要向后缩近，也是目前流行的。两种都是通用的。 写信、写电子邮件的语言： 语言用非正式语言，比较口语化。 信件的基本内容如下：称呼、问候、详情、结束、祝愿、落款 1. Dear Mr. Liu, 男士 Dear Mrs. Li, 夫人 Dear Ms. Li, 女士（不表明婚姻状况） Dear Miss Li, 女士 （未婚） Dear Xiao Li, 小李 Dear Sir, Dear Madam, 2. Hi. How are getting along? How is everything with you? Haven't heard from you for a long time. I have received your letter. 3. Are you still studying in college? Are you working with IBM company? How is your family? Are you married? Have you finished your studies in college? 4. I'm now working with a textile company. I'm now studying English in college. I am a student of the distance education college. I have moved to my new apartment. I got married recently. I'm pretty busy with my studies. Everything is Ok with me. Everything is so so. 5. Could you „ for me? Would you mind „ (doing) for me? Is it convenient for you to „. For me? I really need „ Could you do it for me? I hope you don't mind if I ask you to … 6. I do hope you can come to my new home. I'd like to invite you to „ Drop in when you are free. Drop me a line when you are free. May I invite you to come to my birthday party? 7. English reading materials grammar book listening materials （听力材料） tapes reading materials graduate graduation pass examination Band 3 / 4 national English exam （三 / 四级英语统考） My English is still poor. （英语挺差的） I am making progress. 8. I'll travel during the holidays. I have booked an air ticket. Could you arrange accommodation for me? Could you buy a train ticket for me? Are there any places of interest （旅游点）in your city? Is the food there spicy（辣）? 9. That's very kind of you to invite me. Thank you for everything you've done for me. 10. Best wishes! My best regards! Looking forward to seeing soon! Waiting for you earliest reply. 11. Love, (关系密切) Yours, Sincerely, Yours sincerely, （比较正式） 12. Your name 写作步骤 1. 审题：明确要写什么 2. 构思： 1）给谁写，如何称呼 2）第一句说什么 3）事情如何表达 4）结尾用什么词 3. 打草稿 4. 确定格式，落笔 5. 检查拼写 6. 检查大小写 7. 检查语法：时态、人称 8. 检查标点：句号、逗号、特别是问号 9. 落款 :“B” 1 How are you? How is everything with you? How are you getting on? I'm fine, thank you. Just fine. Not bad, thank you. As usual. 实例：1. -- How are you getting along? -- Just fine, thank you. 2. -- How are you? -- Not very well. I've got a cold. 3. -- How is everything with you? -- As usual. 2 This is Mr. „ May I introduce you to „? Allow me to introduce … How do you do? Nice to meet you. Pleased to meet you. Hi, my name is „ 实例：1. -- Hi, may I introduce you to Mr. Li? -- Nice to meet you. 2. -- This is Mr. Li. -- How do you do? 3. -- Let me introduce Mr. Li, our new president. -- Pleased to meet you. 3 Sorry, I must be off. I'm afraid I must be going. I'm afraid I must go now. See you. See you later. 实例：1. -- Sorry, I must be leaving now. -- Are you already leaving? 2. -- I'm afraid I have to go. -- See you later. 3. -- I'm sorry I have to go now. -- Nice talking with you. 4 Thank you. Thanks a lot. That's very kind of you. Not at all. don't mention it. That's all right. My pleasure. You're welcome. 实例：1. -- You really helped me a lot. Thank you very much. -- It's my pleasure. 2. -- That's very kind of you. -- You're welcome. 3. -- I don't know how I should thank you. -- don't mention it. 5 Could you do something for me? Do you mind doing something for me? I wonder if you could do something for me. Sure. Certainly. Of course. I'm sorry, but I have something else to do. 实例：1. -- Could you help me with this box? -- Certainly. 2. -- I wonder if you could carry this bag for me? -- With pleasure. 3. -- May I use your camera? -- Sorry, but I have to use it myself. 6 What can I do for you? Let me do it for you. Do you need me to do it for you? Please. Thank you for your help. No, thank you. Thank you. Thank you all the same. 实例：1. -- Do you need me to read it aloud? -- No, thank you. 2. -- What can I do for you? -- Could you move this table with me? 3. -- Shall I open the window? -- Please do. Thank you. 7 Congratulations! Good luck to you! Have a nice trip. Wish you success! Thank you. Same to you. You, too. 实例：1. -- Congratulations! -- Thank you. 2. -- Happy New Year! -- You, too. 3. -- Good luck to you! -- Same to you. 8 I'm sorry for keeping you waiting. Excuse me for my interruption. I'm sorry that I'm late. I beg your pardon. Pardon me. It doesn't matter. That's OK. Never mind. 实例：1. -- I'm sorry I forgot. -- That's OK. 2. -- Excuse me for my being late. -- That's all right. Be on time next time. 3. -- I beg your pardon. I didn't catch you. -- I'll say it again. 9 Would you like to come with me? I'd like to invite to dinner tonight. Would you mind if I ask you to sit with me? Yes, I'd love to. Thanks for your invitation. It's my pleasure. I'd love to, but I'll have to finish my homework. I'm afraid I am busy. 实例：1. -- Would you like to have coffee with me? -- I'd love to. Thank you. 2. -- I'd like to invite you to come to my birthday party. -- It's my pleasure. 3. -- Would you mind if I invite you to see the new movie? -- I'm afraid I'll have to take a class this evening. 10 What time is it? Do you have the time? What date is it today? It's time for us to do something. 实例：1. -- Excuse me. Do you have the time? -- I'm sorry. I don't have a watch. 2. -- It's time for lunch. -- Let's go. 3. -- What does your watch say? -- Three past nine 11 I think you should do that. I believe it is right. I guess he is right. You are right there. I agree with you. I think so. I am afraid you are wrong. Maybe not. 实例：1. -- I think the new movie is a bit too dull. -- I think so. 2. -- don't you think the lecture is too difficult? -- I'm afraid it is. 3. -- I guess tomorrow will be fine. -- I don't think so. 12 Why don't you come with me? I'm really tired. What a day! Dear me! That's great. What's happened? What's the matter with you? What's wrong with you? You do look tired. 实例：1. -- My goodness! -- Anything wrong with you? 2. -- I'm really tired. -- Take a good rest. 3. -- Oh, dear me. -- What is it? 1． I'd like to meet you on Monday. Shall we make an appointment? How about Tuesday afternoon? Will Sunday do? OK. That will do. Sure. 实例：1.-- Shall we meet at the school gate after class? -- OK. 2. -- How about Friday afternoon? -- Could we change another time. I'll be busy then. 3. -- When do you think you can come? -- Will Sunday do? 2． Hello, may I speak to Mr. Liu? Is Mr. Li there? I'd like to talk to your manager. This is Liu speaking. I'm sorry he is not in. Hold on I'll get him. I'm sorry. He is having a meeting. Will you hold? I'll see if he is in. 实例：1.-- Hello, may I speak to Mr. Li? -- Who’s speaking? 2. -- Is Xiao Liu there? -- Hold on. I'll get him. 3. -- Is that Mr. Hu? -- Which number are you calling? 3． Excuse me. Is this the way to the square? Excuse me sir. Where is the post office? Could you please tell me how to get to the railway station? Certainly. Go down this street. You won't miss it. I'm sorry. I am a stranger here. 实例：1. -- Excuse me. Is this the way to the square? -- Go straight until you see the post office, and then turn left. 2. -- Excuse me sir. Where is the post office? -- I'm sorry. I am a stranger here. 3. -- Could you please tell me how to get to the railway station? -- I am not sure. Why don't you ask the man over there. 4． Excuse me. May I ask where I can find a restroom? Could you tell me what time it is now? Is the booking office here? Are those seats taken? 实例：1. -- Excuse me. Where is the restroom? -- It's around the corner. 2. -- is the booking office here? -- It is upstairs. 3. -- Are those seats taken? -- I'm sorry. They are taken. 5． What's the weather like today? How is the weather in Shanghai? A fine day, isn't it? It looks like rain. It's getting cloudy. 实例：1.-- How‘s the weather like in your city now? -- Very cold. 2. -- It's getting cloudy. -- Looks like rain. 3. -- A fine day, isn't it? -- Yes, it is. 6． The traffic is heavy. Here comes a taxi. Take No. 3 bus and get off at the terminal. Where is the subway? 实例：1. -- Shall we take Bus No.7? -- I'd like to take a taxi. 2. -- Shall we take the subway? -- OK. It's over there. 3. -- Oh my Stop again. -- Do you often have such heavy traffic? 7． May I help you? What can I do for you, sir? Is there anything I can help? Are you interested in anything? I'd like to buy a TV set. Do you have any fresh banana? Just looking. 实例：1.-- May I help you? -- I'd like to have a slice of cheese. 2. -- What can I do for you, sir? -- I'm looking for an antique table for my new home. 3. -- Is there anything you are interested in? -- Nothing particular. I'm just looking. 8． What would you like to drink? Would you like to sit at the window? Are you ready to order? How would you like your coffee? How would you like your beef? A table for two, please. Black. Rare, please. 实例：1. -- Are you ready to order? -- Salad, soup, two eggs and two slices of bread. 2. -- How would you like your coffee? -- With milk, please. 3. -- How would you like your beef? -- Rare. 9． Would you please check out? Do you need room service? Do you need a single ticket or return ticket? Do you take credit card? I'm sorry. We only take cash. 实例：1. -- I'd like to book a flight to Beijing? -- One way or round trip? (Single or return?) 2. -- May I cash some money? -- Show your ID card. 3. -- Are you checking out today? -- No, I'll stay until Tuesday. 10． What's wrong with you? Take this medicine and drink a lot of water. How many bills should I take? Two. I'm feeling terrible. Give up smoking. Do more exercise. 实例：1. -- What's wrong with you? -- I have pain in my stomach. 2. -- I'm feeling cold. -- You'd better go and see the doctor. 3. -- I'm feeling terrible. -- Did you see the doctor? 11． Class is over. English Listening is in Room 405. The homework is due next Monday. Hand in your homework before Monday. Any questions. The library is open from 8 : 00 a.m. to 9 :00 p.m. 实例：1. -- The deadline for your paper is next Sunday. -- Could I hand in next Tuesday? 2. -- Read aloud, so that every one can here you? -- I'm sorry. I have a bad cold. 3. -- The library will closed on Sunday. -- Shall we study in the dormitory? 12． Will you please help me with the dishes? What's happening next door/ My mother is not feeling well. I'm getting married. It's getting late. Turn down the radio. Turn down the volume of the TV. 实例：1.-- Would you help me with the dishes? -- I'm in the bathroom. 2. -- The telephone is ringing. Who‘ll get it. -- I'll get it. 3. -- I'm getting married. -- Congratulations. () 主谓一致是指： 1） 语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2） 意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 3） 就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语， 一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。 There is much water in the thermos. 但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。 Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year. 1. Reading and writing are very important. 注意：当主语由 and 连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时， 谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。 The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 例题 The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were 答案B. 注：先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A.C.本题易误选D，因为 The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人，但仔细辨别，monitor 前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用 and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B。 2. 1）当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。 There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 2）当either… or… 与neither… nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近 的主语保持一致。如果句子是由 here,there 引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最 邻近的主语一致。 Either you or she is to go. Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 3. 当主语后面跟有 with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起 的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。 The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. He as well as I wants to go boating. 4. 1）代词 each 和由 every, some, no, any 等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有 each, every, 谓语需用单数。 Each of us has a tape-recorder. There is something wrong with my watch. 2）当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。 The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 《天方夜谭》是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书。 3）表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个 整体，谓语一般用单数。(用复数也可，意思不变。) Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. Ten yuan is enough. 5. 1）在代词 what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all 等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。 All is right. (一切顺利。) All are present. (所有人都到齐了。) 2）集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时，意为这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时表示该个集体。 His family isn't very large. 他家不是一个大家庭。 His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音乐爱好者。 但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。 Are there any police around? 3）有些名词，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。 A number of + 名词复数 + 复数动词。 The number of + 名词复数 + 单数动词。 A number of books have lent out. The majority of the students like English. 6. 1） 用 half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等词引起主语时，动词通常与 of 后面的 名词，代词保持一致。 Most of his money is spent on books. Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 2） 在一些短语，如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由 more than… of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。 Many a person has read the novel. 许多人都读过这本书。 More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市。 1. 1) 动词 + 不定式 afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake 举例： The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。 I happen to know the answer to your question. 我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。 2）动词+不定式；动词+宾语+不定式 ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish… I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。 I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢你使每件东西都保持整洁。 I want to speak to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。 I want you to speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。 3）动词+疑问词+ to decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。 There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。 2）动词+不定式；动词+宾语+不定式 ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish… I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。 I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢你使每件东西都保持整洁。 I want to speak to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。 I want you to speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。 3）动词+疑问词+ to decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。 There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。 ：疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。 The question is how to put it into practice. 问题是怎样把它付诸实施 2. 1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do) advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn 例句： a.Father will not allow us to play on the street.（父亲不让我们在街上玩耍） b.We believe him to be guilty. （我们相信他是有罪的） Find Find 后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get，have。 I found him lying on the ground. I found it important to learn. I found that to learn English is important. 例题: The next morning she found the man ___ in bed，dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying 答案：A.find的宾语后面，用分词或分词短语，起宾语补足语作用。现在分词表达主 动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。 2) to + be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。 Acknowledge,believe,consider,think,declare(声称),discover,fancy(设想), feel,find,guess,judge,imagine,know,prove,see(理解), show,suppose,take(以为),understand We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class. 我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。 例题 Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented 答案：A. 由consider to do sth. 排除B、D。 此句只说明发明这一个事实， 不定式后用原形即可。而C为现在完成时，发明为点动词一般不用完成时，且此处也 不强调对现在的影响，因此不选C。 3) to be + 形容词 Seem，appear，be said，be supposed，be believed，be thought，be known，be reported， hope，wish，desire，want，plan，expect，mean„ The book is believed to be uninteresting. 人们认为这本书没什么意思。 4) there be + 不定式 believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand We didn't expect there to be so many people there. 我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。 ：有些动词需用 as 短语做补语。 如regard, think believe, take, consider. We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。 Mary took him as her father. 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。 3. 1） It's easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了 easy，difficult，hard，important，possible，impossible，comfortable，necessary，better; the first，the next，the last，the best，too much，too little，not enough It's so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。 It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。 2) It's very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。 Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), silly, selfish(自私的) 例句: It was silly of us to believe him. 我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。 It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。 1) 其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于此句型 2) 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。 3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is… to…的句型 (对)To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。 (错)It is to believe to see. 4. 不定式可放在 be 动词后面，形成表语。例如： My work is to clean the room every day. His dream is to be a doctor. 5. 不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。例如： I have a lot of work to do. So he made some candles to give light. 6. 1）目的状语 To… only to (仅仅为了)，in order to，so as to，so(such)„ as to„ (如此„„以便„„) He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。 I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。 2）作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。 What have I said to make you angry. He searched the room only to find nothing. 3）表原因 I'm glad to see you. 典型例题 The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___. A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on 答案：B.如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时，常 位于"形容词+动词不定式"结构的末尾。 7. to 1） 情态动词 ( 除 ought 外，ought to)： 2） 使役动词 let, have, make： 3） 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作 宾补，省略 to。 在被动语态中则to不能省掉。 I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance. The boss made them work the whole night. =They were made to work the whole night. 4） would rather，had better： 5） Why„ / why not„： 6） help 可带to，也可不带to, help sb (to) do sth： 7） but和except：but前是动词do时，后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式。 8） 由and, or 和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to可以省去： 9） 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等词后，可以省去to be：He is supposed (to be) nice. 他应该是个好人。 举例： He wants to move to France and marry the girl. He wants to do nothing but go out. 比较： He wants to do nothing but go out. He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 例题 1) ---- I usually go there by train. ---- Why not ___ by boat for a change? A. to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going 答案：D. why not 后面接不带 to 的不定式，因此选D。 2） Paul doesn't have to be made ___. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 答案：B. make后接不带 to 的动词不定式，当其用于被动时，to 不可省略 8. Tell him not to shut the window… She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走过的时候，她假装没看见。 例题 1）Tell him ___ the window. A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut 答案：B. tell sb. to do sth. 的否定形式为tell sb. not to do sth. 2）She pretended ___ me when I passed by. A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen 答案：A．pretend 后应接不定式。其否定形式为 pretend not to do sth。 9. tooto 1）too…to 太„以至于„ He is too excited to speak. 他太激动了，说不出话来。 ---- Can I help you ? 需要我帮忙吗? ---- Well, I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same. 不用了。这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢您。 2) 如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定，too后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意为“不太”。 It's never too late to mend. (谚语) 改过不嫌晚。 3) 当too 前面有only, all, but时，意思是：非常„ 等于very。 I'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高兴能帮助你。 He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。 10. so as to 1） 表示目的；它的否定式是 so as not to do。 Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job. 汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。 Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 轻点进去，别惊醒了婴儿。 2） so kind as to ---劳驾 Would you be so kind as to tell me the time? 劳驾，现在几点了。 1. 1）作主语 Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方与北方开战了。 2）作宾语 a. 动词后加动名词 doing 作宾语 V. + doing sth. admit 承认 appreciate 感激,赞赏 avoid 避免 complete 完成 consider 认为 delay 耽误 deny 否认 detest 讨厌 endure 忍受 enjoy 喜欢 escape 逃脱 prevent阻止 fancy 想象 finish 完成 imagine 想象 mind 介意 miss 想念 postpone 推迟 practise 训练 recall 回忆 resent 讨厌 resist 抵抗 resume 继续 risk 冒险 suggest 建议 face 面对 include 包括 stand 忍受 understand 理解 forgive 宽恕 keep 继续 举例： (1) Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? (2) The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. b. 词组后接doing admit to prefer„to be used to devote oneself to object to stick to busy look forward to(to为介词) no good no use It's worth„ as well as can't help It's no use /good be tired of lead to be fond of be capable of be afraid of insist on be proud of think of / about hold off count on / upon put off keep on good at be successful in set about take up give up burst out prevent „ from„ 3)作表语 Her job is washing，cleaning and taking care of the children. 2. worth worth，worthy，worth-while 都为形容词。意为“值得”。 1. worth： be worth + n. 当名词为金钱时，表示“„„ 值得„„” be worth doing sth. “„„某事值得被做” The question is not worth discussing again and again. 2. worthy：be worthy of +n. 当名词为抽象名词时表示“„„值得„„” be worthy to be done “某事值得被做” The question is not worthy to be discussed againand again. 3. worth-while： be worth-while to do sth “值得做某事” worth while：It is worth while doing sth It is worth while sb to do sth. 1. 分词作定语 分词前置 We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日 He is a retired worker. 他是位退休的工人 分词后置 (?. 分词词组；?.个别分词如 given, left； ?. 修饰不定代词 something 等) There was a girl sitting there. 有个女孩坐在那里 This is the question given. 这是所给的问题 There is nothing interesting. 没有有趣的东西 过去分词作定语 与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。 Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa. 例题 1) The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written 答案D. 书与写作是被动关系，应用过去分词做定语表被动，相当于定语从句 which is written 2）What's the language ____ in Germany? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak 答案B. 主语language与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。 spoken是动词speak的过去分词形式，在句中作定语，修饰主语language, spoken与 language有被动关系。该句可以理解为： What's the language (which is) spoken in German? 2. As I didn't receive any letter from him, I gave him a call. -> Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call. 由于没有收到他的信，我给他打了电话。 If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better. -> Given more attention，the trees could have grown better. 假如多给些照顾，那些树会长得更好。 例题 1）_____ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army. A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed 答案B. Napoleon 与 follow 之间有被动的含义。being followed 除表达被动之外，还有动作正在进行之意。 followed by（被„跟随）。本题可改为： With some officials following, Napoleon inspected his army. 2）There was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed 答案B. 由于声音在闪电后，因此为声跟随着光，声音为跟随的发出者，为主动。用 现在分词。 3）_______, liquids can be changed into gases. A. Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat 答案C. 本题要选一分词作为状语。现在分词表主动，正在进行的；过去分词表被动 的，已经完成的。对于液体来说是加热的受动者，是被动的，因而选C。它相当于一个状语从句 When it is heated，„ 注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语 发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。 (Being ) used for a long time, the book looks old. 由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。 Using the book, I find it useful. 在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。 3. +() 有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚，可在分词前加连词。 连词有： when，while， if though，after, before, as. 但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个，如： While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building. waiting 和 saw 的主语相同。 4. 通常在感官动词和使役动词之后，如： I found my car missing. 我发现我的车不见了。 I'll have my watch repaired. 我想把我的手表修一下。 5. 现在分词： 表示主动，正在进行 过去分词： 表示被动，已经完成 She looked tired with cooking. 她由于忙着做饭，看上去有些疲倦。 He remained standing beside the table. 他依然站在桌旁。 6. 其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。 generally speaking 一般说来 talking of (speaking of) 说道 strictly speaking 严格的说 judging from 从„判断 all things considered 从整体来看 taking all things into consideration 全面看来, Judging from his face, he must be ill. 从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。 Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs. 总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。 (speaking 并不是 dogs 的动作) （五）虚拟语气 1）概念 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或 与事实相反。 2）在条件句中的应用 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的 是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 1. 1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。 a. 同现在事实相反的假设。 句型：条件从句 主句 一般过去时 should( would) + 动词原形 If they were here, they would help you. b.表示于过去事实相反的假设 句型： 条件从句 主句 过去完成时 should(would) have + 过去分词 If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded. The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful. If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it. c.表示对将来的假想 句型： 条件从句 主句 一般过去时 should + 动词原形 were + 不定式 would + 动词原形 should + 动词原形 If you succeeded, everything would be all right. If you should succeed, everything would be all right. If you were to succeed, everything would be all right. 2. 虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有 were, should, 或 had, 可将 if 省略，再把 were, should 或 had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。 Were they here now, they could help us. = If they were here now, they could help us. Had you come earlier, you would have met him = If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Should it rain, the crops would be saved. = Were it to rain, the crops would be saved. 注意： 在虚拟语气的从句中，动词?be‘的过去时态一律用“were”，不用 was， 即在从句中 be 用 were 代替。 If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，就会去找他。 If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。 例题：_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day. A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I 答案：C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有 were, should, had 这三个词，通常将 if 省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had + 主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略 连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do. 3. should 1） It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用 should 加动词原形，should 可省略。 句型： ? suggested （动 词） It is ? important（形容词）+ that + (should) do (动词原形)„ ? a pity （名 词） ? suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted；+ (should) do ? important, necessary, natural, strange a pity, a shame, no wonder ? It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week. It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow. 2）在宾语从句中的应用 在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。 order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should ) be sent there. 如 suggest, insist 不表示“建议”或“坚持要某人做某事时”，即它们用于其本 意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时，宾语从句用陈述语气。 The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules. 判断改错: （错）You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill. （对）Your pale face suggests that you are ill. （错）I insisted that you ( should) be wrong. （对）I insisted that you were wrong. 4. wish 1）用于 wish 后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。 其宾语从句的动词形式为： I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一样高。 He wished he hadn't said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。 I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。 2）Wish to do 表达法。 Wish sb / sth to do I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. I wish the manager to be informed at once. (= I want the manager to be informed at once.) 5. if onlyonly if only if 表示“只有”；if only 则表示“如果„„就好了”；If only 也可用于陈述语气。 I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。 If only the alarm clock had rung. 当时闹钟响了，就好了。 If only he comes early. 但愿他早点回来。 6. It is (high) time that It is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用 should 加动词原形，但 should 不可省略。 It is time that the children went to bed. It is high time that the children should go to bed. 7. need didn't need to do 表示：过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。 needn't have done 表示：过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。 John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didn't need to walk back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她不必步行回家了。 John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she needn't have walked back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她本不必步行回家了。(Mary步行回家，没有遇上John的车。) 例题：There was plenty of time. She __________________ A. mustn't have hurried B. couldn't have hurried C. must not hurry D. needn't have hurried 答案：D. needn't have done. 意为“本不必”，即已经做了某事，而时实际上不必要。 Mustn't have done 用法不正确，对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为 couldn't have done, “不可能已经”。 must not do 不可以（用于一般现在时）。 定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词, 词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词） 引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which 等 关系副词有：when, where, why 等 1. 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等 成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that 在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that 在从句中作宾语） 2)Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同 of which 互换) 例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that 在句中作宾语） The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that 在句中作宾语) 2. 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）when, where, why 关系副词 when, where, why 的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用， 例如： There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 2）that 代替关系副词 that 可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代 when, where, why 和“介词+ which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that 常被省略， 例如： His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 3. 1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去 掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明， 去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。 例如： This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性） The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性） 2)当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限 制性的 例如： Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理?史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。 My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。 This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。 3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数 例如： He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。 Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。 说明： 关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。 4. + 1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。 2）that 前不能有介词。 3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和 where 互换。 This is the house in which I lived two years ago. This is the house where I lived two years ago. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? Do you remember the day when you joined our club? 5. as, which 由 as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as 和 which 可代整个主句，相当于 and this 或and that。As一般放在句首，which 在句中。 As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 例题:1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise. A. it B. that C. which D. he 答案：C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that 修饰，而用 which.，it 和 he 都使后句成 为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选 he 句意不通。 2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it 答案：B. which 可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而 what 不可。That 不能用 于非限定性定语从句，it 不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不 通。 As的用法： 例1. the same„ as；such„as 中的 as 是一种固定结构, 和„„一样„„。 I have got into the same trouble as he (has). 例2. as 可引导非限制性从句，常带有‘正如’的意思 As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health. As是关系代词。例1中的 as 作 know 的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词 know 要用被动式。 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses)。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中 不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 1. 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词：that,whether,if 不充当从句的任何成分 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 连接副词：when, where, how, why 不可省略的连词： 1）、介词后的连词 2）、引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。 That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won. 比较： whether与if均为“是否”的意思。 但在下列情况下，whether 不能被 if 取代： 1）、 whether 引导主语从句并在句首 2）、引导表语从句 3）、whether 从句作介词宾语 4）、从句后有“or not” Whether he will come is not clear. 大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用 it 充当形式主语。 It is not important who will go. It is still unknown which team will win the match. 2. that 1）由从属连词 that 引导的从句叫做名词性that从句。That 只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性 that 从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语，例如： 主语：That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。 宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。 表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他。 同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 近来谁也没有见过他，这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。 形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job. 你对工作满意我感到很高兴。 2）That 从句作主语通常用 it 作先行词，而将 that 从句置于句末 例如： It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。 It's a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。 用 it 作形式主语的 that 从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系： a. It + be 形容词 + that 从句 It is necessary that… 有必要„„ It is important that… 重要的是„„ It is obvious that… 很明显„„ b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that 从句 It is believed that„ 人们相信„„ It is known to all that… 众所周知„„ It has been decided that… 已决定„„ c. It + be +名词+ that 从句 It is common knowledge that… „„是常识 It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是„„ It is a fact that… 事实是„„ d. It +不及物动词+ that 分句 It appears that„ 似乎„„ It happens that… 碰巧„„ It occurred to me that… 我突然想起„„ 3. wh- 1）由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾 语等。 例如： 主语：How the book will sell depends on its author. 书销售如何取决于作者本人。 直接宾语：In one's own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲。 间接宾语：The club will give whoever wins a prize. 俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。 表语：My question is who will take over president of the Foundation. 我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。 宾语补足语：She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。 同位语：I have no idea when he will return. 我不知道他什么时候回来。 形容词宾语：I'm not sure why she refused their invitation. 我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。 介词宾语：That depends on where we shall go. 那取决于我们去哪儿。 2）Wh- 从句作主语也常用先行词 it 做形式主语，而将 wh- 从句置于句末，例如： It is not yet decided who will do that job. 还没决定谁做这项工作。 It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明。 4. if, whether引导的名词从句 1）yes-no 型疑问从句 从属连词 if, whether 引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，因此也 分别被称为 yes-no 型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句，其功能和 wh- 从句的功能相同， 例如： 主语：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有待证实。 宾语：Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。 表语：The point is whether we should lend him the money. 问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。 同位语：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 他们调查他是否值得信赖。 形容词宾语： She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她怀疑我们是否能够前来。 介词宾语： I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。 2）选择性疑问从句 选择性疑问从句由关联词 if/whether…or 或 whethe…or not 构成，例如： Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。 I don't care whether you like the plan or not. 我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。 1. 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 举例： The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 考试结束了，我们开始放假。 The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. 总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。 Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. 如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。 This done, we went home. 工作完成后，我们才回家。 The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier. 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。 He came into the room, his ears red with cold. 他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。 He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆 2. with 表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用 with 的复合结构。 with + 名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语 举例: He stood there, his hand raised. = He stood there, with his hand raise. 例题：The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back. A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tied 答案：D. with+名词（代词）+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时，其主语 常常用 with 来引导。由于本句中名词“手”与分词“绑”是被动关系，因此用过去分词， 选D. : 1)独立主格结构使用介词的问题： 当介词是 in 时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复 数。但 with 的复合结构不受此限制． A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.( hand 前不能加 his)。 2) 当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，及物动词用现在分词，不及物动词用过去分词。 He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up. 例题： Weather___, we'll go out for a walk. A permitted B permitting C permits D for permitting 答案B. 本题中没有连词，它不是复合句，也不是并列句。句中使用了逗号，且 we 小写，可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或 with 的复合结构。据此判断，本句中使用的是独立结构， 其结构为：名词+分词。 由于 permit 在这里翻译为‘天 气允许’，表主动，应用现在分词，故选B。 如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式，不妨将句子改为条件句，例如本句改为 If weather permits, we'll go out for a walk. 然后将 if 去掉，再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即 可。 在英文中，句子的主语、宾语、状语都可以写进一定的句式里以表示对它的强调。 它们是: It is (was) 被强调部分+that (who) + 句子其他部分。 此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。 It is from the sun that we get light and heat. It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs. 例题 1） It was last night ___ I see the comet. A. the time B. when C. that D. which 答案C. 强调句的结构是：It +be +强调部分+that (who)+主谓句。强调句的连词只有两个，that和who。当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用“who”， 其余用that。 原句：My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening. 强调主语：It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening. 强调宾语：It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening. 强调时间：It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. (注意不用when) 强调地点：It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening. 2）It is ten years ___ Miss Green returned to Canada. A. that B. when C. since D. as 答案C. 考点是连词用法。本题易误选为A.that.其实本句不是强调句。若是，去掉It be…that还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉 'It is…that'，只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to Canada.不成句。因此本句不是强调句。 It is /was + 时间 + since… 其中is <---> has been was <---> had been. 用助动词进行强调 强调句还有一种类型，就是用助动词do (did，does) 强调谓语。 She does like this horse. 她的确喜欢这匹马。 Please do take care of yourself. 千万保重。 1 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有 助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do,does或did，并将其置于主语之前。 1)句首为否定或半否定的词语， 如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until„ 等。 Never have I seen such a performance. Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 当 Not until 引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。 ：如否定词不在句首不倒装。 I have never seen such a performance. The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep. 例题 1) At no time___ in the meeting-room A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit 答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用 倒装结构。这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time. 2）Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is. A.man did know B.man know C.didn't man know D.did man know 答案D.看到Not until„的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D中选一个。 改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将 not 提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。 2 如Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 例题：No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily. A. the game began B.has the game begun C. did the game begin D.had the game begun 答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but (also), no sooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when 等等。 只有当Not only… but also 连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如 果置于句首的Not only… but also 仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。 Not only you but also I am fond of music. 3so, neither, nor 表示“也”、“也不”的句子要部分倒装。 Tom can speak French. So can Jack. If you won't go, neither will I. 例题 ---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? ---I don't know, _____. A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also 答案：B. nor 为增补意思“也不关心”，因此句子应倒装。A错在用 don't再 次否定，C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。 D缺乏连词。 当 so 引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为 “的确如此”。 Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. ---It's raining hard. ---So it is. 4only Only in this way, can you learn English well. Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装 Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed. 信件语言素材 1 Ａ．Hi. Haven't heard from you for some time. Are you still busy with your English studies? Ｂ．How are you getting on? I heard that you moved to a new apartment. Did you buy this one? It must be very beautiful. Why don't you invite me to visit your new home? Ｃ．How are you recently? I received your letter. I am so glad to know that you've graduated from college. Where are you working now? 2 Ａ．Are you still studying Journalism at Communication University of China? How do you handle the relationship between your work and your studies? Ｂ．Tell me something about yourself. I know that your are studying? But I don't know what you're studying. Ｃ．I wonder what you are doing now? Working or studying? 3 Ａ．I'm now studying in a distance education program. We take courses on the Internet, and we send our questions to our teacher through the Net. Ｂ．I'm preparing for the English Band 3 Exam. You know it is a national test. We must pass this test before we can have our diploma. Ｃ．I'm busy looking for a place to live. I got a new job, but the job place is too far away from the place where I'm living. So I really don't know what to do now. 4 Ａ．Could you lend me your English books? I know you passed English Band 4 Exam. Now you should help me. Ｂ．I need a good English-Chinese dictionary. Could you recommend a good one? Ｃ．Would you mind if I ask you to do me a favor? 5 Ａ．I'd like to invite you and your wife to dinner next Friday. Ｂ．I'd like to invite you visit China some time in October. All the expenses will be on us. Ｃ．Come and visit me when you're free. 6 Ａ．How is the weather there in your city? Ｂ．What's the weather like in the south? Ｃ．Is it raining these days in your place? Ｄ．I'm afraid you cannot stand the cold here. 7 Ａ．Recently the prices of TV are falling. If you are interested, I can recommend a good brand to you. Ｂ．Famous rivers: the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the pearl River Ｃ．I can show you around the city, and we may find something cheap and useful. 8 Ａ．Places of interest in Beijing: the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Forbidden City, the Great Hall of the People, Bei hai Park. Ｂ．Famous rivers: the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the pearl River Ｃ．Famous places: Suzhou is famous for its small family gardens. Sichuan is known as a home of spicy dishes. Shanghai is a modern business center in East Asia. 9 Ａ．How are you ? Ｂ．Have you recovered from your illness? Ｃ．I'm feeling cold. I may have flu. Ｄ．My head aches. Ｅ．I must have my teeth pulled. 10 Ａ．How is your family? Ｂ．Give my best regard to your family. Ｃ．Are you still single? Ｄ．How is your boy friend? Are you going to get married? Test 1 1. — Can you turn down the radio, please? — _____________________________. A. Oh, I know B. I'm sorry, I didn't realize it was that loud. C. I'll keep it down next time. D. Please forgive me。 2. — These are certainly beautiful flowers. Thank you so much. — _____________________________. A. No, no. It's nothing B. You are welcome. C. Yes, I agree. D. Yes, I think so, too 3. — Hi, Sam, I think you did a good job. — _____________________________. A. Thank you B. Don't mention it C. Not at all D. I did it quite badly 4. — Good morning, sir. May I help you? — _____________________________. A. No, I don't buy anything B. No, I don't need your help C. Yes, I need some sugar D. Oh, no. That's OK. 5. — Could you help me with my homework, please? — _____________________________. A. No, no way B. No, I couldn't C. No, I can't D. Sorry I can't. I have to go to a meeting right now Test 2 1. — Why don't you travel to New York on vacation? — _____________________________. A. I don't want to go B. Excuse me, because I can't C. I want to but I haven't got enough money D. Because I'm going to school today 2. — Would you like to go fishing with us now? — _____________________________. A. No, I don't like B. It sounds interesting but I have lots of homework to do C. I won't tell you D. Oh, it is well 3. — Could I speak to John Harris, please. — _____________________________. A. Oh, how are you B. I'm John C. I'm listening D. Speaking 4. — Congratulations! You won the first prize in today's speech contest. — _____________________________. A. Yes, I beat the others B. No, no, I didn't do it well C. Thank you D. It's a pleasure 5. — Can I have a look at your passport? — _____________________________. A. It is B. Here is it C. Here you are D. No, you can't Test 3 1. — Why don't you travel to New York on vacation? — _____________________________. A. I don't want to go B. Excuse me, because I can't C. I want to but I haven't got enough money D. Because I'm going to school today 2. — Would you like to go fishing with us now? — _____________________________. A. No, I don't like B. It sounds interesting but I have lots of homework to do C. I won't tell you D. Oh, it is well 3. — Could I speak to John Harris, please. — _____________________________. A. Oh, how are you B. I'm John C. I'm listening D. Speaking 4. — Congratulations! You won the first prize in today's speech contest. — _____________________________. A. Yes, I beat the others B. No, no, I didn't do it well C. Thank you D. It's a pleasure 5. — Can I have a look at your passport? — _____________________________. A. It is B. Here is it C. Here you are D. No, you can't 1. — My grandmother's taken ill and I've got to go down to the hospital. — _____________________________. A. We're going to the same place B. Very sorry to hear it. I hope it's nothing serious C. Really? D. Let me go with you 2. — Well done. Congratulations on your success. — _____________________________. A. Thank you very much B. Oh, no, no C. No, I didn't do very well D. Sorry, I couldn't any better 3. — That man alone over there—who is he? — _____________________________. A. He is a student B. He is Doctor Took C. A driver, I suppose D. He's drunk 4. — Well, it's getting late. I must be going. Thank you again for inviting me to the party. — _____________________________. A. Oh, it's so late B. Thank you for coming C. Oh, so soon? D. I really had a happy time 5. — 1 want to go to New York. What's the fare? — _____________________________. A. Pardon me? B. I'm sorry C. Yes, 1 don't understand D. I'm not understanding 1. — Can I help you with the bag? — _____________________________. A. No, no. I can take it myself. B. Thank you C. Sorry, you can't D. No, I'm all right 2. — Hello, I'd like to speak to Mark, please. — _____________________________. A. Yes, I'm Mark B. This is Mark speaking C. It's me here D. This is me 3. — Can you go out with us for dinner this evening? — _____________________________. A. No, I already have plans B. Thanks a lot but I'm busy tonight C. No, I really don't like being with you D. I'm ill, so I shouldn't go out for dinner 4. — Sorry, I must be leaving now, because there's a meeting — _____________________________. A. Oh, no, you can't B. Yes, you can leave if you like C. Do you really have to go? Couldn't you at least stay for another cup of tea? D. Oh, no. I don't understand 5. — I'd like to book a flight to Shanghai, please. — _____________________________. A. No, of course not B. Do you mind if I said no? C. Yes, sir, single or return? D. You can't. We are busy 交际用语专项练习答案 Test1 BBACD Test2 CBDCC Test3 CBDCC Test4 BABBA Test5 BBBCC Test1 Directions: Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Text1 An increasing number of scientists have found that anything that gives you pleasure may be more than just fun. Pleasure and humor might help us live longer, fight off illness, and cure drug addiction. "Science has generally neglected pleasure and humor to concentrate on negative things like depression and illness," said Dr. William Fry, a psychiatry professor at Stanford University Medical Center in California. "But there's a growing realization of just how powerful pleasure is." For example, research shows that smiling and laughing can actually strengthen your immune system, reduce stress and physical pain, and even help cancer patients. One research project at Loam Linda University showed these beneficial effects of laughter on the body. In the study, ten medical students were hooked up to several machines and spent an hour watching a funny videotape of a man smashing watermelons with a hammer. Researchers were not trying to prove that smashing watermelons is a funny thing to do. They already knew that the volunteers would probably howl with laughter. What the researchers wanted to find out was how grinning, chuckling, and howling affected the volunteers as they watched the video. The researchers were delighted to discover that small but important changes were taking place in the volunteers' bloodstream as they giggled or roared with laughter. Their blood showed increased production of white blood cells (the blood cells that defend us against infection and disease). At the same time, a decrease was noticed in the levels of chemicals that stop the immune system from working properly. Studies such as this seem to show that you should laugh, chortle, and howl as much as possible! You will increase your chances of living a long, healthy life, That's what one researcher means when he says, "He who laughs, lasts. For years we've thought that laughter and other forms of pleasure were good for you. Now it's a physiological reality.' 1. According to the text pleasure and humor might _______. 〖A〗 cure cancer 〖B〗 cure infectious diseases 〖C〗 help people concentrate 〖D〗 help people quit smoking 2. In Dr. William Fry's opinion scientists ______ . 〖A〗 have paid enough attention to the effect of laughter 〖B〗 have neglected depression and illness 〖C〗 have preferred pleasure and humor to depression and illness 〖D〗 have realized the importance of pleasure in people's lives 3. Laughter helps to fight off illness because _______. 〖A〗 it increases blood flow in human body 〖B〗 it helps the production of blood cells 〖C〗 it can strengthen the immune system and reduces physical pain 〖D〗 it can reduce chemicals in human blood 4. In the text the researchers were trying to find out ___. 〖A〗 how the ten students would laugh 〖B〗 why the ten students laughed 〖C〗 how laugh would affect the students 〖D〗 why smashing watermelons was funny 5. The best title for the text would be ________. 〖A〗 Laughter-A Powerful Medicine 〖B〗 Laughter-An Illness Killer 〖C〗 Laugh and Live Long 〖D〗 A Psychological Reality Text2 Thomas Alva Edison, the American inventor, was born in 1847. Even as a child , he was always curious and always trying to invent new things. He was not a good student in school, but by the time he was a teenager, he had already had several jobs: store owner, telegraph operator, and inventor. He also had done lots of chemistry experiments on his own. However, what Edison really wanted to do was research. He established his first laboratory in Menlo Park, New Jersey, and later he set up another one in West Orange, New Jersey. In these laboratories, he enjoyed trying to come up with solutions to problems that no one else had been able to solve. One of his most exciting and difficult challenges was to create the electric light bulb. Today, it's very simple and easy to produce thousands of light bulbs a day. But Edison and his assistants had to work night and day to come up with just the right materials to make the first working light bulb. They tried over a thousand times to put together the right metals to create an electric bulb that would work for more than just a few seconds. Once Edison had created this first working electric light, he came up with a way to produce light bulbs in quantity. His dream was to light up all of New York City. With this goal in mind, he constructed the world's first commercial electric power plant on Pearl Street in New York City. It wasn't long before several other businessmen set up their own electric companies joined together and organized a few large companies that mass-produced all electrical equipment according to the same standards. The outcome of all this was that Edison lost control of the companies he had originally set up. This didn't stop him, however. He continued inventing things. In fact, he went on to invent the phonograph (or record player) and he improved techniques used in the making of the first motion pictures. When Edison died in 1931, he wasn't as rich as he could have been, but he was very famous. Many people were inspired by his story. 6. According to the text Edison was the first to ________. 〖A〗 discover electricity 〖B〗 invent light bulb 〖C〗 combine all the electric companies 〖D〗 light up New York 7. The last paragraph implies that Edison _______. 〖A〗 was not successful as a businessman 〖B〗 did not create enough inventions 〖C〗 could not compete with other electric companies 〖D〗 wasted a lot of money 8. Edison became a famous inventor although ________. 〖A〗 he failed in business 〖B〗 he was not rich 〖C〗 he lost control of the company he set up 〖D〗 he was not a good student in school 9. Electric companies were joined together because ________. 〖A〗 their standards were different 〖B〗 those companies wanted to be more competitive 〖C〗 there was the need to unify electric standards 〖D〗 Edison could not control his company 10. The following are inventions of Edison's except ________. 〖A〗 electricity equipment 〖B〗 light bulb 〖C〗 record player 〖D〗 motion picture Text3 Aristotle, the Greek philosopher, summed up the four chief qualities of money some 2,000 years ago. It must be lasting and easy to recognize, to divide, and to carry about. In other words it must be, "durable, distinct, divisible and portable". When we think of money today, we picture it either as round, flat pieces of metal which we call coins, or as printed paper notes. But there are still parts of the world today where coins and notes are of no use. They will buy nothing, and a traveler might starve if he had none of the particular local "money" to exchange for food. Among isolated peoples, who are not often reached by traders from outside, commerce usually means barter. There is a direct exchange of goods. For this kind of simple trading, money is not needed, but there is often something that everyone wants and everybody can use, such as salt to flavor food, shells for ornaments, or iron and copper to make into tools and vessels. These things-salt, shells or metals-are still used as money in out-of-the-way parts of the world today. Salt may seem rather a strange substance to use as money, but in countries where the food of the people is mainly vegetable, it is often an absolute necessity. Cakes of salt, stamped to show their value, were used as money in Tibet until recent times, and cakes of salt will still buy goods in Borneo and parts of Africa. Metal, valued by weight, preceded coins in many parts of the world. Iron, in lumps, bars or rings, is still used in many countries instead of money. It can either be exchanged for goods, or made into tools, weapons or ornaments. The early money of China, apart from shell, was of bronze, often in flat, round pieces with a hole in the middle, called "cash". The earliest of these are between three thousand and four thousand years old-older than the earliest coins of the eastern Mediterranean. Nowadays, coins and notes have supplanted nearly all the more picturesque forms of money, and although in one or two of the more remote countries people still hoard it for future use on ceremonial occasions such as weddings and funerals, examples of primitive money will soon be found only in museums. 11. According to Aristotle money must ______. 〖A〗 be easy to carry 〖B〗 be strong enough and last long 〖C〗 be able to be divided without remainder 〖D〗 bear all the qualities above 12. In some parts of the world ______. 〖A〗 money cannot buy goods 〖B〗 money is not needed for the exchange of goods 〖C〗 money is used in barter terms 〖D〗 money is used to flavor food 13. In Tibet the value of "salt money" is determined by __.〖A〗 the weight of the cake of salt 〖B〗 the size of the cake of salt 〖C〗 the value stamped on the cake of salt 〖D〗 the quality of the salt 14. The early money of China was _______. 〖A〗 older than the earliest coins of the eastern Mediterranean 〖B〗 not as old as the earliest coins of the eastern Mediterranean 〖C〗 made of copper 〖D〗 made of iron 15. The best title for the text would be _______. 〖A〗 Early Money 〖B〗 Money 〖C〗 Coins and Notes 〖D〗 History of Money Text4 Visitors to Britain are sometimes surprised to learn that newspapers there have such a large circulation. The 'quality' newspapers are often held up as an example of impartial journalism but the 'Daily Mirror' and the 'Daily Express' usually impress newspapermen even more because they both sell about four million copies every day. British families generally buy a newspaper every morning and frequently take two or three on Sundays, but the vast circulation figures obtained are not only due to the Englishman's thirst for news. Because the newspapers are all published nationally, copies can be delivered everywhere at the same time. Though people broad often know the names of the national papers, they seldom realize that there is another branch of the British press which sells almost as many copies. Local newspapers have a weekly circulation of 13 million. Almost every town and country area has one. Nearly all of them hold their own financially and many of them are very profitable. These papers are written almost entirely for readers interested in local events-births, weddings, deaths, council meetings and sport-but the content is naturally influenced by the king of community they serve. Editors prefer to rely on a small staff of people who all know the district well. A great deal of local news is regularly supplied by clubs and churches in the neigh hour hood and it does not get out of date as quickly as national news. If there is no room for it in this week's edition, an item cam sometimes be held until the following week. The editor must never forget that the success of any newspaper depends on advertising. He is usually anxious to keep the good will of local businessmen for this reason. But if the newspaper is well written and the news items have been carefully chosen to attract local readers, the businessmen are grateful for the opportunity to keep their products in the public eye. Local newspapers do not often comment on problems of national importance and editors rarely hold with taking sides on political questions. But they can often be of service to the community in expressing public feeling on local issues. A newspaper can sometimes persuade the council to take action to provide better shopping facilities, improve transport in the area and preserve local monuments and places of interest. 16.The 'Daily Mirror' impresses newspapermen more because __. 〖A〗 it has a larger circulation than many other famous papers 〖B〗 it is of better quality than many other papers 〖C〗 it is sold nationally 〖D〗 it is delivered everywhere in Britain 17.Local papers are preferred by readers who _______. 〖A〗 are interested in news 〖B〗 are much interested in local events 〖C〗 want to obtain news as quickly as possible 〖D〗 work in churches and clubs 18.According to the text, businessmen would like to advertise in papers if _______. 〖A〗 the papers are well written 〖B〗 the papers can promote their products 〖C〗 they like to be in the news 〖D〗 the paper are popular and can attract readers 19.The last paragraph implies that _______. 〖A〗 local papers never comment on politics 〖B〗 local papers can sometimes influence policy making 〖C〗 local papers are more concerned about their own communities 〖D〗 local papers do not take sides on problems of national importance 20.Newspapers in Britain have a large circulation because ____. 〖A〗 British families read two or three papers every day 〖B〗 British families like to read news and papers are available nationally 〖C〗 Newspapers are sold everywhere in Britain 〖D〗 The papers are impartial and people like to read them Test2 Directions: Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Dolphins have become a popular attraction at zoos in recent. They are more interesting than lions and tigers because they are livelier and perform tricks, like circus animals. But although they are more willing to cooperate with the trainer than other mammals in captivity , they get bored if they are asked to do the same trick twice. This is one reason for believing that they are very intelligent. Dolphins are regarded as the friendliest creatures in the sea and stories of them helping drowning sailors have been common since Roman times . We now have more reliable evidence of their usefulness than sailors' tables. The more we learn about dolphins, the more we realize that they are better organized and their society is more complex than people previously imagined. They look after other dolphins when they are ill, care for pregnant mothers and protect the weakest in the community, as we do. Some scientists have suggested that dolphins have a language but it is much more probable that they communicate with each other without needing "words". They have an echo-location system which is similar to a bat's and much more sensitive than our hearing, so the most important task of a dolphin's brain is to transmit and receive sound. Whales, especially the smaller types, are probably as intelligent as dolphins and some scientists claim that they are the most intelligent species in the world, apart from man. The great whales have the same brain power as the smaller ones but it is not so easy to study them because they cannot be kept in captivity for long and they live in the deeper, less accessible parts of the ocean. Could any of these mammals be more intelligent than man? The question cannot be answered because our aims and interests are different from dolphins' and whales'. They are better adapted to their environment than we are and find food more easily. As a result, they are much more attracted by pleasure for its own sake than men and are not nearly so interested in dominating other species. 1.Dolphins are believed to be very intelligent because _____. 〖A〗 they are more willing to cooperate with people 〖B〗 they do tricks that people ask them to do 〖C〗 they sometimes show evidence of having good sense 〖D〗 they get bored when asked to do the same tricks 2.Dolphins' society may be more complex than people have expected because _______. 〖A〗 they care for members of their own species as human beings do 〖B〗 they can save drowning sailors 〖C〗 they are better organized 〖D〗 they communicate without words 3.Big whales are more difficult to be studied because _____. 〖A〗 they are very ferocious 〖B〗 they are more intelligent 〖C〗 they are difficult to catch 〖D〗 they cannot be kept for experiment for long 4.We can infer from the text that dolphins and whales _____. 〖A〗 can think as human beings 〖B〗 show more signs of intelligence than many other animals 〖C〗 show no interest in human beings 〖D〗 have a language without words 5.The best title for the text would be _______. 〖A〗 Mammals That Seem Almost Human 〖B〗 Human Like Mammals-Dolphins 〖C〗 Strange Animal World 〖D〗 Whales At Sea Text2 One evening last week my wife and I were sitting quietly at home. She was looking at the television while I was reading a book. Suddenly we heard a loud bang. I supposed that the old lady in the flat above ours was moving the furniture about. My wife was afraid that the noise would wake the baby. She turned down the television and a moment later we heard someone calling for help. I ran upstairs. The old lady's door was shut but I could see smoke coming through the letter box and under the door and could smell something burning. 'The flat is on fire', I shouted down to my wife. 'Ring the fire brigade'. I banged on the door but the old lady took a long time to answer. I was turning over in my mind the idea of breaking the door down when she finally appeared. 'I was having a bath,' she said, 'when the water heater in the kitchen blew up.' 'Why didn't you open the door?' I asked her. 'I was getting dressed when you knocked,' she said, looking embarrassed. I took her downstairs to our flat. Then I ran back, went inside the old lady's flat and turned the gas off to prevent another explosion. Smoke was pouring out of the kitchen and the heater was in flames. Just then I heard a fire engine arriving outside and the heavy footsteps of the firemen on the stairs. I looked round and noticed two of them standing in the doorway. 'It's in here,' I said, 'You turned up promptly, I must say.' When I got back to our flat my wife was making the old lady a cup of tea. Soon afterwards, the fire chief came in to ask some questions. It turned out that the fire was not very serious and the firemen were already putting it out . When they left my wife went up with the old lady to help her clear up the mess. When she returned, my wife remarked:' It's all right now. Nothing was damaged except the heater. But wasn't it lucky that Baby slept through all that noise? She took the teacups into the kitchen and I heard her scream and the cups crash to the floor. The baby woke up at last and started to cry. 6.The man finally went into the room after _______. 〖A〗 he had broken the door down 〖B〗 he rang the fire brigade 〖C〗 the old lady opened the door 〖D〗 the fire brigade had arrived 7.When the man ran back to the lady's flat _______. 〖A〗 there was another explosion 〖B〗 the fire brigade had already been there 〖C〗 the firemen were standing in the doorway 〖D〗 smoke was coming out of the kitchen 8.The old lady was embarrassed because _______. 〖A〗 she didn't open the door promptly 〖B〗 she was taking a bath 〖C〗 she set the fire 〖D〗 she woke up other people 9.Water was dripping from the ceiling because _______. 〖A〗 the pipes upstairs were broken 〖B〗 the old lady forgot to turn off the taps 〖C〗 the firemen had poured a lot of water to put out the fire 〖D〗 there was another explosion upstairs 10.The best title for the text would be _______. 〖A〗A Fast Sleeping Baby 〖B〗A Careless lady 〖A〗 An Evening Fire 〖B〗 Fire, Fire Text3 A mile or so before they reached Oxford, they stopped the car on top of a hill from which they could see the whole of the city spread out before them. The spires and the domes, the college walls and towers looked as when they were first built, hundreds of years ago. When they drove down, over the River Thames and into the city center, they found it was not so peaceful after all! The main streets were packed with traffic: cars, lorries, coaches full of tourists and the bicycles which the students use to get about. But as soon as they had managed to park the car and get away from the roaring traffic, they discovered a completely different world. Narrow cobbled streets which had hardly changed since the Middle Ages ran between the high college walls of gray or yellow stone. Inside the great double gates of each college they found quiet squares, or quadrangles, of grass, surrounded by the chapel, the library, the dining-hall and the rooms where the students and teachers live. Many colleges had the most beautiful gardens where one could sit and read, talk, work or dream. Most of the students, or undergraduates, wore informal clothes: sports coats, or pullovers , and slacks. But some of them were wearing their black gowns. George explained that they had to wear these when going to lectures or to their weekly meeting with their tutor, or teacher. Tom and Anne were very surprised to see a few young men dressed in formal black suits, with ties, gowns and scholars' caps. Anne asked whatever they were doing, wearing evening dress in the morning! George laughed and said that this was the official dress for taking examinations, many of which were held in June. In one college, they visited the dining-hall. It was enormous with a high roof geld up by great wooden beams with windows of stained glass as in a church, and long heavy tables and benches. 11.They stopped the car on top of a hill because _______. 〖A〗 they were not very far from Oxford 〖B〗 Oxford spread ort before them 〖C〗 the college walls and towers looked peaceful 〖D〗 they wanted to see the whole city of Oxford 12.When they drove down into the city center, they found ____. 〖A〗 the city was very noisy 〖B〗 the city had become very noisy since it was first built 〖C〗 the city was not as peaceful as it had looked 〖D〗 there was a lot of traffic in every street 13.What were not undergraduates wearing ? 〖A〗 Black gowns 〖B〗 Black suits with ties 〖C〗 Pullovers and slacks 〖D〗 Evening dresses 14.Students wore black gowns when _______. 〖A〗 they were going to the library 〖B〗 they were walking around on the campus 〖C〗 they were going their teachers 〖D〗 they were going to parties 15.The passage is about _______. 〖A〗a visit to Oxford 〖B〗a trip to London 〖C〗students in Oxford 〖D〗the campus life of Oxford Text4 An 'early bird' used to be a person who was awake early and began his (or her) day's work before other people. The people who said it were thinking of an old saying: 'It is the early bird that catches the worm.' But since 1965 the Early Bird has had a different meaning. The modern Early Bird is a communications satellite in orbit round the earth. The use of wires to carry telephone communications and for other purposes of the same kind does not satisfy modern needs. We had to use radio. But the radio waves that we use for these purposes-microwaves-travel in straight lines. They do not follow the curve of the earth's surface. We can send them from one radio station to another-a relay station-where we amplify them and send them onto a third station. If there is no relay station within about 50 kilometers to receive the microwaves, they will continue into space. At a certain height, some of them are sent back to earth. A powerful station several hundred kilometers from their starting-point can receive them. But these are not good ways of sending the thousands of telephone, radio and television signals across the oceans. Scientists were thinking about communications satellites. They wanted to produce satellites big enough to separate a large number of different signals, amplify them and then relay them powerfully. And they wanted to put each of these satellites into an orbit would keep it over one point on the surface of the turning world. With four satellites of this kind-two over the Atlantic, one over the Pacific, and one over the Indian Ocean-we could send radio, television, and telephone signals from any one place to any other place on the surface of the earth. Early Bird was the first of these new communications satellites. It went into orbit in a 'fixed' position over the Atlantic Ocean on 2May 1965. Just over two years later, the second and third satellites went into positions over the Pacific Ocean. This made it possible for people in a large number of countries to see the same television pictures at the same time. On 25 June 1976, very large numbers of people in very many countries saw and heard the same television program 'live'. The program was called 'Our World'. It dealt with man's problems and difficulties. It also dealt with man's successes and his hopes for the future. The pictures and the sound were relayed by the Atlantic and Pacific satellites; they came from Africa, America, Canada, Mexico, Australia, Japan, and Europe. And they were received in all those parts of the world-received 'loud and clear', As the radio men say. 16.In this text Early Bird refers to _______. 〖A〗a person who was awake very early 〖B〗a person who began work before anyone else 〖C〗communications satellites over the Atlantic, the Pacific and the Indian Oceans 〖D〗one of these satellites in orbit around the earth 17.What does a communications satellite do? 〖A〗 It sends TV signals to any part of the world. 〖B〗 It receives radio, telephone and TV signals from any part of the world. 〖C〗 It serves as a radio, telephone and TV relay station. 〖D〗 It broadcasts live program around the world. 18.What is a relay station? 〖A〗 It is just another name for radio station or broadcast station. 〖B〗 It is a place where people collect microwaves from space, 〖C〗 It is a place where the microwaves continue into space. 〖D〗 It is a place where radio waves are received, strengthened and then sent on. 19.Early Bird went into orbit in a 'fix' position. What does this mean? 〖A〗 The techniques of making communication satellites. 〖B〗 Introduction of the functions of communication satellites. 〖C〗 Ways of sending signals across the oceans. 〖D〗 Comparison between early birds and communication satellites. 20．What is the main subject of the passage? 〖A〗The techniques of making communication satellites. 〖B〗Introduction of the functions of communication satellites. 〖C〗Ways of sending signals across the oceans. 〖D〗Comparison between early birds and communication satellites. 阅读练习专项练习答案 Test1 DDCCA BADCD DBBAB ABDBB Test2 CADBA CDACC DCCCA DCDAB Test 1 1. He served in the army for only _______ before he was sent back. A. one and a half year B. one year and a half C. a year and a half D. a year and half 2. Mrs. Smith warned her daughter _______ after drinking. A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive 3. Because of my poor English I'm afraid I can't make myself ______ . A. understand B. to understand C. understanding D. understood 4. It's really kind _______ . A. of you to say so B. for you to say so C. of you saying so D. for you saying so 5. She could only see the _______ of the trees. A. outline B. general C. edge D. outlook 6. There are _______ benefits in the new system. A. concise B. precise C. real D. metal 7. I can't tell the _______ difference between the twin sisters. A. slight B. simple C. slender D. single 8. He soon _______ his fortune. A. confused B. cost C. paid D. consumed 9. I felt soon _______ by your dirty words. A. concealed B. preserved C. discouraged D. reflected 10. She decided not to ______ her husband‘s name when she got married. A. adjust B. adopt C. address D. admit Test 2 1. ____ , we decided to leave at once, as we didn't want to risk missing the bus. A. As it being pretty late B. It being pretty late C. It was being pretty late D. Being pretty late 2. ____ was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality. A. What B. That C. Which D. As 3. Mr. Smith, together with his wife and children, ____ going to the party this weekend. A. am B. is C. are D. will 4. Would you mind ____ the computer game in your room? A. him playing B. his playing C. him to play D. him play 5. By next year he ______ in New York for five years. A. has worked B. has been working C. works D. will have worked 6. Henry is often seen ______ English aloud every morning in the classroom. A. read B. reads C. reading D. to read 7. Without heat and sunlight, plants on the earth _______ well. A. would not grow B. will not grow C. had not grown D. would not be grown 8. Only recently _______ to deal with the environmental problems. A. something has done B. has something done C. has something been done D. something has been done 9. The question _______ at the meeting tomorrow is very important. A. to discuss B. being discussed C. to be discussed D. will be discussed 10.Since this road is wet and slippery this morning, it _______ last night. A. must rain B. was raining C. must have rained D. may rain Test 3 1. The mother didn't know ______ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out. A. who B. when C. how D. what 2. I believe that every crime, ______ the circumstance, should be severely punished. A. in spite of B. because of C. instead of D. on account of 3. The workers are busy _______ models for the exhibition. A. to make B. with making C. being making D. making 4. Yesterday Mr. Smith gave a vivid _______ of his recent visit to China. A. dialogue B. idea C. tale D. account 5. The definition leaves _______ for disagreement. A. a small room B. much room C. great deal room D. not so big a room 6. By the time you arrive this evening, _______ for two hours. A. I will study B. I will have been studied C. I had studied D. I will have been studying 7. I would have joined him in a picnic, but I __________ his company. A. will not like B. don't like C. had not liked D. might not like 8. Let's finish our homework in a few seconds; it's time we _______. A. played football B. will play football C. play football D. are playing football 9. _______ at Harvard, he began again to write his essay. A. Busy was as he B. Busy as was he C. Busy as he was D. As was he busy 10. Pierre often makes himself _______ by gesturing with his hands. A. to understand B. understanding C. to be understood D. understood Test 4 1. The bridge was named _____ the hero who gave his life for the cause of the people. A. after B. for C. because of D. before 2. There was a large crowd in the square _____ against the war. A. protecting B. protesting C. preventing D. promoting 3. We have ______ to the government for a home improvement loan. A. arranged B. approached C. applied D. appointed 4. Tom ______ the shopkeeper with overcharging him for the articles he had bought. A. accused B. charged C. blamed D. criticized 5. The idea sounds very good but will it work in _______? A. practice B. place C. advance D. company 6. He got a job so that he could be independent ______ his parents. A. on B. in C. of D. from 7. We had to wait a long time to get our passports, _______? A. won't we B. don't we C. didn't we D. shouldn't you 8. Do you feel like _______ today? A. having something eaten B. having something to eat C. to have something eaten D. to have something to eat 9. It's vital that enough money _______ collected to get the project started. A. is B. be C. must be D. can be 10. We consider ______ the instrument be adjusted each time it is used. A. that it necessary B. it necessary that C. necessary that D. necessary of it that Test 5 1. Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy ______ for her examination. A. to prepare B. to be prepared C. preparing D. being prepared 2. The computer doesn't work well, so something ______ wrong. A. can have gone B. should have gone C. must have gone D. ought to have gone 3. Although Mary is satisfied with her success, she wonders ______ will happen to her private life. A. how B. who C. what D. that 4. The concert usually takes place at the People's Square, with the audience _____ on the ground. A. seating B. seated C. be seating D, to seat 5. If the whole program _____ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost. A. was not planned B. were not planned C. would not be planned D. had not been planned 6. Isn't it about time you _____ to do morning exercises? A. began B. begin C. should begin D. have begun 7. I am very grateful to you for what you've given me and _____ you have done for me. A. which B. that C. all what D. all that 8. It was not until she had arrived home _____ remembered her appointment with the doctor. A. when she B. that she C. and she D. she 9. Determined to _____ as if everything were normal, he responded with a kind of indifference. A. carry on B. account for C. bring up D. get through 10. He _____ to arrange a loan through a finance company. A. tried B. succeeded C. managed D. endeavored 词汇与结构专项练习答案 Test1 BADAACADCB Test2 BABBDDACCC Test3 AADDBDBACD Test4 ABCBACCBBB Test5 CCCBDADBAC Test 1 The United States is full of automobiles. There are still many families without?,but some families have two or even more. However, cars are used ?more than pleasure. They are a ?part of life. Cars are used for business. They are ?to offices and factories by workers ?have no other way to get to their jobs. When salesmen are sent to different ?of the city , they haveto drive ?order to carry their products. Farmers have to drive into the city to get ? ?small children must be driven to school. In some cities school buses are used only ?children live more than a mile from the ?. When the children are ?young to walk that far, their mothers ?turns driving them ?school. One mother drives on Mondays, taking her own children and the neighbors' children ?well. Another mother drives on Tuesdays, another on Wednesdays, and so on. This is ?forming a car pool. Men also form car pools, with three or four men taking turns driving to the ?where they all work. More car pools should be formed in order to put ?automobiles on the road and to use less gasoline. Parking is a great problem, and ?is the traffic in and around cites. Something will have to be done about the ?of cars. 1.【A】bicycles 【B】cars 【C】motorcycles 【D】trucks 2.【A】in 【B】with 【C】at 【D】for 3.【A】compulsory 【B】necessary 【C】interesting 【D】important 4.【A】boarded 【B】taken 【C】ridden 【D】driven 5.【A】whom 【B】whose 【C】who 【D】whoever 6.【A】whom 【B】whose 【C】divisions 【D】sectors 7.【A】on 【B】in 【C】with 【D】for 8.【A】imports 【B】exports 【C】crops 【D】supplies 9.【A】Sometimes 【B】Never 【C】Rarely 【D】Always 10.【A】before 【B】after 【C】when 【D】while 11.【A】classroom 【B】library 【C】playground 【D】school 12.【A】too 【B】so 【C】still 【D】very 13.【A】make 【B】take 【C】do 【D】keep 14.【A】through 【B】to 【C】round 【D】towards 15.【A】very 【B】quite 【C】so 【D】as 16.【A】thought 【B】called 【C】mentioned 【D】assumed 17.【A】space 【B】site 【C】location 【D】place 18.【A】more 【B】many 【C】less 【D】fewer 19.【A】so 【B】too 【C】nor 【D】neither 20.【A】usage 【B】usefulness 【C】use 【D】utility Test 2 People from different cultures sometimes do things that make each other uncomfortable, sometimes without realizing it. Most Americans （1）out of the country and have very （2） experience with foreigners. But they are usually spontaneous, friendly and open, and enjoy （3） new people, having guests and （4）people together formally or informally. They tend to use first names （5）most situations and speak freely （6）themselves. So if your American hosts do something that （7）you uncomfortable, try to let them know how you feel. Most people will （8） your honesty and try （9）you uncomfortable again. And you'll all （10）something about another culture! Many travelers find （11）easier to meet people in the U.S. than in other countries. They may just come （12）and introduce themselves or even invite you over （13）they really know you. Sometimes Americans are said to be （14）friendly. Perhaps it seems so, but they are probably just （15）a good time. Just （16）anywhere else, it takes time to become real friends （17）people in the U.S. If and when you stay with American fiends, they will probably （18）introducing you to their friends and family, and if they （19）proud to know you, it's probably because they are. Relax and （20）it! 1.【A】have never been【B】have been never【C】has never been【D】has been never 2.【A】a little 【B】little 【C】much 【D】a great deal 3. 【A】meet 【B】to meet 【C】meeting 【D】to have met 4.【A】bringing 【B】organizing 【C】taking 【D】ensemble 5.【A】on 【B】among 【C】within 【D】in 6. 【A】in 【B】on 【C】of 【D】about 7.【A】makes 【B】make 【C】make 【D】making 8.【A】praise 【B】honor 【C】appreciate 【D】confirm 9.【A】to not make 【B】not to make 【C】make not 【D】do mot make 10.【A】pick 【B】select 【C】learn 【D】study 11.【A】this 【B】it 【C】them 【D】/ 12.【A】up 【B】across 【C】around 【D】on 13. 【A】when 【B】if 【C】after 【D】before 14.【A】super 【B】superb 【C】superficially 【D】superficial 15.【A】taking 【B】making 【C】having 【D】killing 16.【A】like 【B】as 【C】is 【D】with 17.【A】to 【B】among 【C】with 【D】in 18.【A】hate 【B】forbid 【C】avoid 【D】enjoy 19.【A】seem 【B】appear 【C】look 【D】like 20.【A】have 【B】enjoy 【C】like 【D】love 完型填空专项练习答案 Test1 BDBDCABDAC DABBDBDDAC Test2 ABCADDACBC BADCBACDAB Test 1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write an E-mail to one of your former classmates. You should write at least 80 words, and base your E-mail on the Chinese outline below: 1 了解对方毕业后的情况。 2 你的近况。 3 邀请对方方便时来访。 范文： Dear Ming Ming, I was very happy to get your E-mail address from Xiao Liu this morning. When I got home, I immediately started to write this Email. I know that you are now working in Nanjing. How is everything with you? Got married? I'm now working in a company. At the same time I am taking English course on the Internet. So, I'm writing this Email in English. How is my English? Not bad? I really miss you a lot. Come to Beijing when you feel free or when you come here on business. Come and see me. Looking forward to seeing you soon! Love, Xiao Hu Test 2 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write an E-mail to one of your former classmates. You should write at least 80 words, and base your Email on the Chinese outline below: 1 了解对方最近的学习情况。 2 你的学习情况。 3 请对方说说提高英语水平的经验。 范文： Dear Xiao Hu, I heard that you are studying through distance learning. What are you studying? Is everything OK? Tell me something about your studies. I'm now studying on the Internet. My major is communication. This is a very useful subject. I have learned for one year already. The teachers are good and kind. Whenever I have questions, I would send ask them through the Net, and they never wait to long to answer my questions. I heard you are learning English. Do tell me something about how you improve your listening. I really have some difficulties in listening. Looking forward to your reply! Yours, Lan Lan Test 3 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter to one of your friends. You should write at least 80 words, and base your letter on the Chinese outline below: 1 你的近况 2 请对方帮你购买英语语法书 3 邀请对方方便时来访 范文： Dear John, Haven't heard about you for some time. Recently I bought a new apartment in the suburbs. So I moved from the downtown area. I've been busy decorating my new home. Come and visit my new apartment when you come to the south. By the way, could you do me a favor? I'm now studying English. But I need a good English grammar book. Could you find a grammar book for beginners? If you can find one, mail it to me and I'll pay you. Say hello to your family. Yours sincerely, Lao Bai Test 4 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter to one of your former classmates. You should write at least 80 words, and base your letter on the Chinese outline below: 1 告诉对方你将参加英语四级考试 2 询问对方如何做准备 3 请对方建议一些参考书 范文： Dear Xiao Huang, I'm writing this letter to tell you that I'll take the English Band 4 Examination. You know this is a very difficult examination. Last year I took Band 4, but I failed. So, this I must pass it. You passed Band 4, didn't you? Could you give me some advices about how to prepare for this examination? I'm especially weak in cloze test. By the way, recommend some good Band 4 guide-books. There aren't many kinds of test taking guide-books in my city. Give me a call if you are free. Thanks. Yours, Wei Hua Test 5 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter to one of your former classmates. You should write at least 80 words, and base your letter on the Chinese outline below: 1 了解对方在做什么 2 你的近况 3 请她到你所在城市来玩 范文： Dear Lily, How are you getting along? I haven't heard from you for a long time. Are you still working for the TV station? How about your boy friend? Are you preparing to get married? I'm married. Sorry I didn't tell you. My husband is an engineer working in a joint venture (合资企业). We knew each other at my friend's wedding. We are now living in our new apartment. Come and see us when you come here. You can live in my place. Drop me a line when you are free. Best wishes! Love, Fang Fang Test 6 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter to one of your former classmates. You should write at least 80 words, and base your letter on the Chinese outline below: 1 告诉对方你要从大学毕业 2 询问对方近况 3 问问能否在暑假聚会 范文： Dear Mr. Liu, I am writing this letter to tell you that I'm going to graduate from college next month. Three years! Isn't that a long time? I have been hard working at my studies for three whole years. Now, I'm graduating! How about you? When will you finish your studies? How is everything with you? Xiao Li said he saw you at the Shanghai Auto Show? How is that show? I really miss you a lot. Could we meet sometime during the summer vacation? Come to my place. OK? Looking forward to your early reply! Sincerely Liu Min Part I Use of English (20 points) Directions: In this part there are 10 incomplete dialogues. For each dialogue there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the dialogue. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 1. --- Hello, may I talk to the headmaster now? --- __________ . A. Sorry, he is busy at the moment B. No, you can‘t C. Sorry, you can‘t D. I don‘t know 2. --- Do you think I could borrow your dictionary? --- __________ . A. Yes, you may borrow B. Yes, go on C. Yes, help yourself D. It doesn‘t matter 3. --- Is that Mr Robert Lee? --- __________ . A. Yes, Lee speaking B. Hello, what do you want C. Sorry, speaking D. I don‘t know 4. --- Excuse me, sir. Where is Dr. Brown‘s office? --- __________ . A. You can‘t ask me B. Pardon? I have no idea C. Please don‘t say so D. Sorry I don‘t know, but you can ask the man over there 5. --- Mary, your dress is really beautiful. How is John? --- __________ . A. Thank you very much B. No, no, John is not bad C. Thank you. He is fine D. Don‘t say that. It‘s ugly. John is good 6. --- What can I do for you, madam? --- __________ . A. I want a kilo of apples B. You can go your own way C. Thanks D. Excuse me. I‘m busy 7. --- I‘d like to take you to the coffee house on the corner. --- __________ . A. Thank you. You shouldn‘t‘ do that B. Thanks, I‘d like to go with you C. No, you can‘t say so D. No, no, You can‘t do that 8. --- Do you mind telling me where you‘re from? --- __________ . A. Certainly. I‘m from London B. Sure. I was born in London C. Not really, you can do it D. Certainly not. I‘m from London 9. --- May I see the menu, please? --- __________ . A. That is the menu, sir B. Yes, please go on C. Here you are, sir D. Of course, sir 10. --- I was worried about chemistry, but Mr Brown gave me an A! --- __________ . A. Don‘t worry about it B. Congratulations! That‘s a difficult course C. Mr Brown is very good D. Good luck to you! Part Reading Comprehension (40 points) Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five questions. For each question there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage 1 There are stories about two U.S. presidents, Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren, which attempt to explain the American English term OK. We don‘t know if either story is true, but they are both interesting. The first explanation is based on the fact that President Jackson had very little education. In fact, he had difficulty reading and writing. When important papers came to Jackson, he tried to read them and then had his assistants explain what they said. If he approved of a paper, he would write ―all correct‖ on it. The problem was that he didn‘t know how spell, so what he really wrote was ―ol korekt‖. After a while, he shortened that term to ―OK‖. The second explanation is based on the place where President Van Buren was born, Kinderhook, New York. Van Buren‘s friends organized a club to help him become President. They called the club the Old Kinderhook Club, and anyone who supported Van Buren was called ―OK‖. 11. The author_______________. A. believes both of the stories B. doesn‘t believe a word of the stories C. is not sure whether the stories are true D. is telling the stories just for fun 12. According to the passage, President Jackson________________. A. couldn‘t draw up any documents at all B. didn‘t like to read important papers by himself C. often had his assistants sign documents for him D. wasn‘t good at reading or spelling 13. According to the first story, the term ―OK‖________________. A. was approved of by President Jackson B. was the title of some official documents C. was first used by President Jackson D. was an old way to spell ―all correct‖ 14. According to the second story, the term ―OK‖______________. A. was the short way to say ―Old Kinderhook Club‖ B. meant the place where President Van Buren was born C. was the name of Van Buren‘s club D. was used to call Van Buren‘s supporters in the election 15. According to the second story, the term ―OK‖ was first used____________. A. by Van Buren B. in a presidential election C. to organize the Old Kinderhook Club D. by the members of the ―Old Kinderhook Club‖ Passage 2 Although the United States covers so much land and the land produces far more food than the present population needs, its people are by now almost entirely an urban society. Less than a tenth of the people are engaged in agriculture and forestry(林业), and most of the rest live in or around towns, small and large. Here the traditional picture is changing: every small town may still be very like other small towns, and the typical small town may represent a widely accepted view of the country, but most Americans do not live in small towns any more. Half the population now lives in some thirty metropolitan areas (large cities with their suburbs) of more than a million people each — a larger proportion than in Germany or England, let alone France. The statistics (统计) of urban and rural population should be treated with caution because so many people who live in areas classified as rural travel by car to work in a nearby town each day. As the rush to live out of town continues, rural areas within reach of towns are gradually filled with houses, so that it is hard to say at what moment a piece of country becomes a suburb. But more and more the typical American lives in a metropolitan rather than a small town environment. 16. If now America has 250 million people, how many of them are engaged in agriculture and forestry ____________ A. About 25 million. B. More than 25 million. C. Less than 25 million. D. Less than 225 million. 17. Which of the following four countries has the smallest proportion of people living in metropolitan areas _____________ A. United States. B. Germany. C. France. D. England. 18. What‘s the meaning of the word ―metropolitan‖ in the middle of the passage _________ A. Of a large city with its suburbs. B. Of small and large towns. C. Of urban areas. D. Of rural areas. 19. According to the passage, what can we learn about small towns in the United States _________ A. Most small towns become gradually crowded. B. Small towns are still similar to each other. C. As the traditional picture is changing, towns are different. D. Small towns are turning into large cities. 20. Why is it hard to say when a piece of country becomes a suburb __________ A. Because they are the same. B. Because the rush takes place too quickly. C. Because the process is gradual. D. Because more and more Americans live in metropolitan areas. Passage 3 If we were asked exactly what we were doing a year ago, we should probably have to say that we could not remember. But if we had kept a book and had written in it an account of what we did each day, we should be able to give an answer to the question. It is the same in history. Many things have been forgotten because we do not have any written account of them. Sometimes men did keep a record of the most important happenings in their country, but often it was destroyed by fire or in a war. Sometimes there was never any written record at all because the people of that time and place did not know how to write. For example, we know a good deal about the people who lived in China 4,000 years ago, because they could write and leave written records for those who lived after them. But we know almost nothing about the people who lived even 200 years ago in central Africa, because they had not learned to write. Sometimes, of course, even if the people cannot write, thy may know something of the past. They have heard about it from older people, and often songs and dances and stories have been made about the most important happenings, and these have been sung and acted and told for many generations. For most people are proud to tell what their fathers did in the past. This we may call‘ remembered history‘. Some of it has mow been written down. It is not so exact or so valuable to us as written history is, because words are much more easily changed when used again and again in speech than when copied in writing. But where there are no written records, such spoken stories are often very helpful. 21. Which of the following ideas is not suggested in the passage ______ A. ―Remembered history‖, compared with written history, is less reliable. B. Written records of the past play the most important role in our learning of the human history. C. A written account of our daily activities helps us to be able to answer many questions. D. Where there are no written records, there is no history. 22. We know very little about the central Africa 200 years ago because _______ . A. there was nothing worth being written down at that time B. the people there ignored the importance of keeping a record C. the written records were perhaps destroyed by a fire D. the people there did not know how to write 23. ―Remembered history‖ refers to ___________ . A. history based on a person‘s imagination B. stories of important happenings passed down from mouth to mouth C. songs and dances about the most important events D. both B and C 24. ―Remembered history‖ is regarded as valuable only when __________ . A. it is written down B. no written account is available C. it proves to be true D. people are interested in it 25. The passage suggests that we could have learned much more about our past than we do now if the ancient people had ___________ . A. kept a written record of every past event B. not burnt their written records in wars C. told exact stories of the most important happenings E. made more songs and dances Passage 4 ?Mum, can we go to McDonald‘s, please?‘ Some people might ask, ?Where would we be today if we did not have fast food?‘ and ?Where would parents take their children out to eat?‘ It has been reported that approximately 30% of meals consumed by families in the USA are eaten at one of the big chains like Burger King and Taco Bell, though probably none is more famous than McDonald‘s. The distinctive ?golden arch‘ can now be seen in most major cities in the world. In 2002, McDonald‘s had approximately 25,000 restaurants in over 120 countries and served 29 million people a day. Apparently, the secret of their success is a marketing strategy of ?think global, act local’. McDonald‘s learnt that if they adapted their ?Mac‘ meals to different cultures, it was more successful than having a standardised set of products that taste the same everywhere. So now, around 80% of McDonald‘s restaurants are franchised to local people who serve food with a ?local‘ flavour. For example, in Hong Kong, food called ?Shake Shake Fries‘ and ?Red Bean Sunday‘ can be found on the menu, while in Switzerland, ?Vegi Macs‘ are served. However, fast food is not popular with everyone. It is often called ?junk‘ food because it is said to be unhealthy and full of fat. Furthermore, many people claim that fast food chains produce enormous amounts of waste, while millions of people in developing countries go hungry. At the same time, more and more people no longer cook fresh food at home. ?Convenience‘ food is just too convenient! It is so easy for people with busy working lives to call into their local branch of Marks and Spencer, or some other supermarket chain, to buy ready-made meals on their way home from work. It is even easier to buy a ?take-away‘ from a local restaurant or pick up the phone and order a pizza to be delivered to your home. 26. The ?golden arch‘ in the second paragraph refers to ______________. A) Burger King B) Taco Bell C) McDonald‘s D) all the fast food restaurants 27. According to the passage, McDonald‘s is successful mainly because __________________. A) It has a standardized set of products all over the world B) It is not ?junk‘ food C) Its‘ food is convenient D) It adapted its meals to different cultures. 28. In the passage, which of the following terms has/ have the same meaning with fast food. A) ?junk‘ food B) ?convenience‘ food C) ?take-away‘ D) all of the above 29. Fast food is often called ?junk food‘ because _____________. A) some people think it is unhealthy and full of fat B) fast food chains produce enormous amounts of waste C) it is no longer fresh food D) Both A and B. 30. The main idea of this passage is ____________. A) fast food today B) the successful secret of McDonald‘s. C) why fast food is thought as ?junk‘ food D) different opinions toward fast food Part Vocabulary and Structure(25 points) Section A Directions: In this section there are 15 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer sheet with a single line through the center. 31. Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy __________ for her examination. A. to prepare B. to be prepared C. preparing D. being prepared 32. The computer doesn‘t work well, so something _________ wrong. A. can have gone B. should have gone C. must have gone D. ought to have gone 33. Although Mary is satisfied with her success, she wonders __________ will happen to he private life. A. how B. who C. what D. that 34. The concert usually takes place at the People‘s Square, with the audience __________on the ground. A. seating B. seated C. be seating D. to seat 35. If the whole program __________ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost. A. was not planned B. were not planned C. would not be planned D. had not been planned 36. Isn‘t it about the time you __________ to do morning exercises? A. began B. begin C. should begin D. have begun 37. I am very grateful to you for what you‘ve given me and __________ you have done for me. A. which B. that C. all what D. all that 38. It was not until she had arrived home __________ remembered her appointment with the doctor. A. when she B. that she C. and she D. she 39. Determined to __________ as if everything were normal, he responded with a kind of indifference. A. carry on B. account for C. bring up D. get through 40. He __________ to arrange a loan through a finance company. A. tried B. succeeded C. managed D. endeavored 41. Jack is good, kind, hard working and intelligent. __________, I can‘t speak too highly of him. A. As a result B. In a word C. By the way D. On the contrary 42. I __________ going to the doctor, but I wish I hadn‘t. A. pick out B. make out C. give off D. put off 43. Young children often can‘t __________ between TV programs and commercials. A. separate B. distinguish C. compare D. contrast 44. The morning paper __________ a story about demonstrations in New York and Washington D.C. A. carried B. extended C. brought D. took 45. And what we got to __________ is a disgrace. A. come up with B. catch up with C. put up with D. keep up with Section B Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are r choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE answer that best completes the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line though the center. You will find that college classes are very different from high school classes. You will have more work and responsibilities without being pushed as much. ____46____ , you will have more freedom – freedom to choose what to study, when to study, or ____47___ to study. You will need to exercise maximum self – imposed (志愿的) , and you have only yourself to ____48____. The decisions you make ____49___ your study habits will be a ____50____ factor in your success, or lack of success in college. ____51____ , you will discover that your instructors ____52____ the ones you have had previously. They will expect you to ____53___ more ____53____ in your study habits and time management. Remember that much of your learning takes place outside the classroom. Your instructor will give you additional help outside of class if there is evidence that you are putting maximum effort into the course. ____54___ your abilities and skill mastery, you will need to manage your time effectively in order to succeed in college. A schedule ____55___ efficient use of time will enable you to include both work and play. When you get a job, you will soon discover that you do not work only when you wish and as you wish. (221 words) 46. A. On the other hand B. ON the on hand C. Nevertheless D. Therefore 47. A. if B. whether C. why D. who 48. A. turn to B. answer to C. respond to D. act as 49. A. of B. to C. towards D. concerning 50. A. determining B. demanding C. deciding D. depending 51. A. However B. Nevertheless C. In addition D. Except that 52. A. differ from B. are similar to C. differ in D. are alike 53. A. take … part B. throw … yourself C. plunge … yourself D. take … initiative 54. A. In spite of B. Concerning C. Regardless of D. On the condition of 55. A. related to B. carried on C. relied on D. based on Part Writing (15 points) Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write an E-mail to one of your former classmates. You should write at least 80 words, and base your E-mail on the Chinese outline below: 1.了解对方毕业后的情况. 2.你的近况. 3.邀请对方方便时来访. Part I Use of English (20 points) Directions: In this part there are 10 incomplete dialogues. For each dialogue there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the dialogue. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 1. --- Would you like to have dinner with us this evening? --- __________ . A. OK, but I have to go to a meeting now B. No, I can‘t C. I‘d love to, but this evening I have to go to the airport to meet my parents D. I don‘t know 2. --- Hi, is Mary there, please? --- __________ . A. Hold on. I‘ll get her B. No, she isn‘t here C. Yes, she lives here D. Yes, what do you want 3. --- Please help yourself to the fish. --- __________. A. Thanks, but fish doesn‘t agree with me B. Sorry, I can‘t help C. I don‘t like fish D. No, I can‘t 4. --- Hurry up please, or I‘ll be late. --- __________. A. Sorry sir, bur the traffic is thick now B. Well, it‘s alright, sir C. How can you say that, sir? D. Oh, we are going the right way 5. --- Excuse me, but can you tell me the way to the airport? --- __________. A. Don‘t ask that B. Sorry, I‘m a stranger here C. No, I can‘t say that D. No, you‘re driving too fast 6. --- How about going to the cinema tonight, Jane? --- __________. A. I don‘t think so B. I‘m sorry. I have to drive my mother home tonight C. Never mind D. Take it easy 7. --- Are you ready to order desert, please? --- __________. A. Yes, please B. Please don‘t order it C. No, don‘t mention it D. Yes, I‘d like to have some chocolate cake 8. --- Did Tom tell you to water the flowers? --- __________ . A. No. And so did I B. No. And neither did I C. He did. And so I did D. He did. And so do I 9. --- Shall we sit up here on the grass or down there near the water? --- __________ . A. I‘d rather stay here if you don‘t mind B. Sorry, I don‘t like neither C. Certainly, why not? D. Yes, we like these two places 10. --- Would you mind changing seats with me? --- __________ . A. Yes, you can B. Of course, I like to C. No, I don‘t mind D. Certainly, please do Part Reading Comprehension (40 points) Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five questions. For each question there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage 1 When Mrs. Joseph Groeger died recently in Vienna, Austria, people asked the obvious, ―Why did she live to be 107?‖ Answers were provided by a survey conducted among 148 Viennese men and women who had reached the age of 100. Somewhat surprising was the fact that the majority had lived most of their lives in cities. In spite of the city‘s image as an unhealthy place, city living often provides benefits that country living can lack. One factor seems to be important to the longevity (长寿) of those interviewed. This factor is exercise. In the cities it is often faster to walk short distances than to wait for a bus. Even taking public transportation often requires some walking. Smaller apartment houses have no elevators (电梯) , and so people must climb stairs. City people can usually walk to local supermarkets. Since parking spaces are hard to find, there is often no alternative to walking. On the other hand, those who live in the country and suburbs do not have to walk every day. In fact, the opposite is often true. To go to school, work, or almost anywhere else, they must ride in cars. 11. The Vienna survey may help to explain __________ . A. the complaints of people in apartment houses B. the cause of Mrs. Groeger‘s death C. the longevity of people like Mrs. Groeger D. the image of cities in general 12. The purpose of the second paragraph is to list some __________ . A. benefits of walking B. occasions for walking in city life C. comments made by city people D. problems of city living 13. To reach the third floor of a building, it would probably be most healthful ___________ . A. to take the elevator B. to walk up the stairs C. to ride in a car D. to find an alternative to walking 14. People who live in the country probably do more driving than walking because __________ . A. they don‘t live near business areas B. they don‘t need the exercise C. they never have parking problems D. they can‘t afford to take the bus 15. A conclusion that can be drawn from this passage is that __________ . A. air pollution is not serious B. anyone can live to be 107 C. country people should move to the city D. walking is a healthful exercise Passage 2 For any Englishman, there can never be any discussion as to who is the world‘s greatest dramatist (剧作家). Only one name can possibly suggest itself to him: that of William Shakespeare. Every Englishman has some knowledge, however slight, of the work of our greatest writer. All of us use words, phrases and quotations from Shakespeare‘s writings that have become part of the common property of the English – speaking people. Most of the time we are probably unaware of the source of the words we used, rather like the old lady who was taken to see a performance of Hamlet and complained that it was full of well – known proverbs and quotations. Shakespeare, more perhaps than any other writher, makes full use of the great resources of the English language. Most of us use about five thousand words in our normal use of English; Shakespeare in his works used about twenty – five thousand. There is probably no better way for a foreigner to appreciate the richness and variety of the English language than by studying the various ways in which Shakespeare used it. Such a study is well worth the effort ( it is not, of course, recommended to beginners) even though some aspects of English usage, and the meaning of many words, have changed since Shakespeare‘s day. 16. English people __________ . A. have never discussed who is the world‘s greatest dramatist B. never discuss any issue concerning the world‘s greatest dramatist C. are sure who is the world‘s greatest dramatist D. do not care who is the world‘s greatest poet and dramatist 17. Every Englishman knows __________ . A. more or less about Shakespeare B. Shakespeare, but only slightly C. all Shakespeare‘s writings D. only the name of the greatest English writer 18. Which of the following is true? A. We use all the words, phrases and quotations from Shakespeare‘s writings. B. Shakespeare‘s writings have become the property of those who are learning to speak English.. C. It is likely to be true that people often do not know the origins of the words they use. D. All the words people use are taken from the writings of Shakespeare. 19. What does the word ―proverb‖ mean? A. Familiar sayings. B. Shakespeare‘s plays. C. Complaints. D. Actors and actresses. 20. Why is it worthwhile to study the various ways in which Shakespeare used English? A. English words have changed a lot since Shakespeare‘s time. B. By doing so one can be fully aware of the richness of the English language. C. English words are now being used in the same way as in Shakespeare‘s time. D. Beginners may heave difficulty learning some aspects of English usage. Passage 3 Threes are useful to man in three very important ways: they provide him wood and other products; they give him shade; and they help to prevent drought (干旱) and floods. Unfortunately, in many parts of the world, man bas not realized that the third of these services is the most important. In his eagerness to draw quick profit from the trees, he has cut them down in large numbers. Two thousand years ago, a rich and powerful country cut down its trees to build warships, with which to gain itself an empire. It gained the empire but, without its trees, its soil became bare and poor. When the empire fell to pieced, the country found itself faced by floods and starvation. Even where a government realizes the importance of a plentiful supply of trees, it is difficult sometimes to make the people realize this. They cut down the trees but are too careless to plant and look after new trees. So, unless the government has a good system of control, or can educate the people, the forests slowly disappear. This does not only mean that there will be fewer trees. The results are even more serious: for where there are trees, their roots break the soil up, allowing the rain to sink in, and also bind the soil. This prevents the soil from being washed away. But where there are no trees, the rain falls on hard ground and flows away on the surface, and this causes floods and the rain carries away the rich topsoil in which crops grow. When all the topsoil is gone, nothing remains but worthless desert. 21. Trees are useful to man mainly in three ways, the most important of which is that they can __________ . A. Keep him from the hot sunshine B. enable him to build warships C. make him draw quick profit from them D. protect him from droughts and floods 22. It‘s a great pity that __________ . A. man is only interested in building empires B. man is eager to profit from trees C. man hasn‘t realized the importance of trees to him D. man hasn‘t found out that he has lost all trees 23. Sooner or later the forests will disappear __________ . A. unless a country has a plenty supply of trees B. unless people stop cutting down their trees C. unless all people are taught the importance of planting trees D. unless the government punishes those who cut trees instead of planting them 24. The word ―bind‖ in Paragraph 5 means ―__________‖. A. to wash away B. to make wet C. to make stay together D. to improve 25. When there is a heavy rain, trees can help to prevent floods, as they can __________ . A. keep rain from falling down to soft ground B. cause the soil to allow rainwater to sink in C. prevent the soil from being washed away D. make the topsoil stick together Passage 4 Betty and Harold have been married for years. But one thing still puzzles（困扰）old Harold. How is it that he can leave Betty and her friend Joan sitting on the sofa, talking, go out to a ballgame, come back three and a half hours later, and they‘re still sitting on the sofa? Talking? What in the world, Harold wonders, do they have to talk about? Betty shrugs. Talk? We‘re friends. Researching this matter called friendship, psychologist Lillian Rubin spent two years interviewing more than two hundred women and men. No matter what their age, their job, their sex, the results were completely clear: women have more friendships than men, and the difference in the content and the quality of those friendships is ―marked and unmistakable.‖ More than two-thirds of the single men Rubin interviewed could not name a best friend. Those who could were likely to name a woman. Yet three-quarters of the single women had no problem naming a best friend, and almost always it was a woman. More married men than women named their wife/ husband as a best friend, most trusted person, or the one identified（认定）at least one, usually more, trusted friends to whom they could turn in a troubled moment, and they spoke openly about the importance of these relationships in their lives.‖ ―In general,‖ writes Rubin in her new book, ―women‘s friendships with each other rest on shared emotions and support, but men‘s relationships are marked by shared activities.‖ For the most part, Rubin says, interactions（交往）between men are emotionally controlled – a good fit with the social requirements of ―manly behavior.‖ ―Even when a man is said to be a best friend,‖ Rubin writes, ―the two share little about their innermost feelings. Whereas a woman‘s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage, it wasn‘t unusual to hear a man say he didn‘t know his friend‘s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared on night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.‖ 26. What old Harold cannot understand or explain is the fact that ____________. A) he is treated as an outsider rather than a husband B) women have so much to share C) women show little interest in ballgames D) he finds his wife difficult to talk to 27. Rubin‘s study shows that for emotional support a married woman is more likely to turn to ____________. A) a male friend B) a female friend C) her parents D) her husband 28. According to the text, which type of behavior is NOT expected of a man by society? A) Ending his marriage without good reason. B) Spending too much time with his friends. C) Complaining about his marriage trouble. D) Going out to ballgames too often. 29. Which of the following statements is best supported by the last paragraph? A) Men keep their innermost feeling to themselves. B) Women are more serious than men about marriage. C) Men often take sudden action to end their marriage. D) Women depend on others in making decisions. 30. The research done by psychologist Rubin centers around __________. A) happy and successful marriage B) friendships of men and women C) emotional problems in marriage D) interactions between men and women Part Vocabulary and Structure(25 points) Section A Directions: In this section there are 15incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 31. TOEFL is a test for students __________ native language is not English. A. that B. of whom C. whose D. which 32. He told me how he had given me shelter and protection without which I __________ of hunger. A. would be died B. would die C. would have died D. will die 33. This article deals with the natural phenomenon which __________ most interesting to everyone. A. are B. is C. they are D. it is 34. He studied hard in his youth, __________ contributed to his great success in later life. A. that B. it C. what D. which 35. The population of many Alaskan cities has __________ doubled in the past three years. A. larger than B. as great as C. more than D. as many as 36. He‘s determined to finish the job __________ long it takes. A. no matter B. however C. wherever D. whatever 37. Hardly ever _________ get a good job these days without a good education. A. people might B. people can C. do people D. have people 38. Nowhere else in the world __________ more attractive scenery than in Switzerland. A. you can find B. is found C. can you find D. has been found 39. Children learn best by studying at their own __________ . A. rate B. speed C. pace D. growth 40. The committee is due to __________ its report by the end of this year. A. release B. relieve C. relate D. retain 41. She‘s an only child, but they didn‘t really __________ her. A. hurt B. damage C. spoil D. harm 42. His parents __________ him the opportunity to go to university. A. ignored B. neglected C. refused D. denied 43. __________ all our efforts to save the school, the authorities decided to close it. A. As for B. Besides C. Except D. Despite 44. For a successful business, friendly and __________ staff are essential. A. sufficient B. effective C. efficient D. respective 45. To _________ their new shampoo, they are selling it at half price for a month. A. progress B. proceed C. promote D. propose Section B Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage, For each bland there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE answer that best completes the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. He has been proclaimed ―the finest mind alive‖, ―the greatest genius of the late 20th century‖, and ―Einstein‘s heir (继承人)‖. Known to millions, ___46__, for his book A brief History of Time (《时间简史》), Stephen Hawking is a star scientist in more ways than one. His gift ___47___ revealing the mysteries of the universe in a style that non-scientists can enjoy ___48___ Hawking an instant celebrity (名人) and his book a bestseller in both Britain and America. It has ___49___ in the Guinness Book of Records for spending 184 weeks in The Sunday Times ―top-ten‖ lists, and has sold more than five million copies worldwide --- virtually unheard – of success for a science book. How did all this happen? How has a man ___50___ is almost completely paralysed (瘫痪) and unable to speak ___51__ through a computer overcome these ___52___ obstacles and achieved far more than most people ever dream of? Hawking says: ―I soon realized that the rest of the world won‘t want to know you if you‘re bitter or angry. You have to be ___53__ if you‘re to get much sympathy or help.‖ He goes on: ―Nowadays, muscle power is obsolete (无用). What we need ___54___ mind power --- and disabled people are ___55___ good at that ___55__anyone else.‖ (2005 words) 46. A. far and wide B. by far C. far and away D. so far 47. A. of B. to C. for D. at 48. A. is made B. has been made C. was made D. made 49. A. earned a place B. achieved a fame C. made a name D.gained reputation 50. A. whose B. who C. where D. which 51. A. besides B. despite C. except D. aside from 52. A. difficult B. incredible C. very D. surprising 53. A. negative B. positive C. sensitive D. aggressive 54. A. is B. is to C. are D. are to 55. A. not so…as B. as…as C. the same…as D. so…than Part Writing (15 points) Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write an E-mail to one of your former classmates. You should write at least 80 words, and base your E-mail on the Chinese outline below: 1. 告诉对方你最近将出去旅游. 2. 子解对方所在地的旅游景点. 3. 请对方给予帮忙安排. Part I Use of English (20 points) Directions: In this part there are 10 incomplete dialogues. For each dialogue there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the dialogue. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 1. --- Oh, sorry to bother you. --- __________ . A. That‘s okay B. No, you can‘t C. That‘s good D. Oh, I don‘t know 2. --- Good morning, Dr Johnson‘s office. Can I help you? --- __________ . A. Speaking, please B. I‘d like to make an appointment, please C. Yes, go on D. No, you can‘t 3. --- We are going to have a dancing party tonight. Would you like to join us? --- __________ . A. I‘m afraid not. Because I have an appointment with my dentist tonight B. Of course not. I have no idea C. No, I can‘t D. That‘s all set 4. --- Excuse me. I don‘t want to interrupt you but … --- __________ . A. Can I help you? B. Certainly, how dare you C. It‘s quite all right D. Yes, you did 5. --- You have lovely children. --- __________ . A. No, no, no. They are not B. Oh, no, no C. You‘re talking too much D. Thanks 6. --- Can I help you with your suitcase? --- __________ . A. I have no idea B. No, no. I can carry it myself C. That‘s a good idea D. Thank you. I can manage myself 7. --- Can you come over for dinner with us? --- __________ . A. I‘d like to but I have a meeting tonight B. It doesn‘t matter C. No, I don‘t like D. Oh, that sounds well 8. --- Good night and thanks again. --- __________ . A. You can‘t say that B. No, no. It‘s what I can do C. How can you say that D. Good night 9. --- Oh, I‘m sorry. But I promise I‘ll be careful next time. --- __________ . A. It‘s nothing at all B. Oh, never mind. It doesn‘t matter C. Thank you D. There are no questions 10. --- Could I use your dictionary for a moment? --- __________ . A. It‘s well B. It doesn‘t matter C. By all means D. I have no idea Part Reading Comprehension (40 points) Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five questions. For each question there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer sheet with a single line through the center. Passage 1 Dr. Harvey Gates, the noted scientist, might never have discovered the Kamron lizard (蜥蜴) in Blovia, if it had not been for a childhood accident. As a boy, he was determined to become a baseball player, but when he broke his arm in practice at the age of fourteen and was forced to stay off the playing field for a while, he took notice of the natural world around him and liked what he saw. After he had recovered from his injury, he caught a squirrel (松鼠) and raised it as a pet. Soon he was bringing home snakes and other creatures from the woods near his school. In 1962, he entered Blakeford College and majored in biology. By 1966 he had received his Bachelor (學士) of Science degree and two years later at Drysdale University, he received his Doctor of Science degree. It was while he was doing field research for his doctoral studies in South America in 1967 that he discovered and named the Kamron lizard. This animal was different from others of its kind in that it had only four toes on its front feet. In other respects, it was similar to others of the same family. It could change its color and go for long periods without food. 11. Of the four statements, which one best indicates the author‘s idea? A. Dr. Gates is a scientist who can always attract the public attention to his research. B. Dr. Gates is a very famous scientist, though he wanted to be a sportsman at first. C. Dr. Gates is a scientist who always carries a notebook with him wherever he goes. D. Dr. Gates is very popular for his determination to become a baseball player. 12. In the first paragraph of the passage, the phrase ―in practice‖ means ― _________‖. A. while doing some practical work B. while studying animals C. while making up his mind to become a baseball player D. while playing baseball 13. In the second paragraph, the word ―creatures‖ can best be replaced by ― __________ ―. A. people B. things C. animals D. living things 14. It was __________ that Dr. Gates discovered the Kamron lizard. A. after he had graduated from Drysdale University B. right after he had finished his study for the doctor‘s degree C. after he had received his highest degree D. during the time when he was studying for the doctor‘s degree 15. Which of the following is not mentioned as a feature of the Kamron lizard? A. It possesses four toes on its front feet. B. It can live a long while without eating. C. It may go for weeks without drinking. D. It is capable of changing colors. Passage 2 I was due to take my driving test at 11:30 am. It was a rainy morning with low clouds and as I approached the driving school at 9:50 am, my heart sank. My driving instructor, Stan, said something, trying to drive away my fears, but I was not impressed. We set off for the test centre with an hour to go. I wanted a run round the test circuit (圈) , but we got stuck in a traffic jam, and could only drive no faster than walking. We arrived at the test centre at 11 am. Stan made me watch a group of six learners emerging from the building with their respective (个自的) examiners. Their instructors were looking out from two windows. We watched them drive off. They must have been feeling very nervous. Stan took me round the probable test track, pointing out the traps. The weather became even worse. It seemed to make me feel worse too. I had developed a couldn‘t-care-less mood, and was almost calm. We returned to the test centre in time to see the six unfortunates returning. Their nerves must have been in a terrible state. I sat in the waiting room until six examiners came in to call out our respective names. Mine showed no emotion as he asked me to go to my car. I showed none either, but the tension began mounting again. 16. On their way to the test center, Stan tried to comfort the author ___________ . A. but it made the author‘s heart sink deeper B. but the words produced no effect C. so that the author could drive to the center with no fears D. so that they could prepare for all the traps 17. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Six learners would be tested at the same time. B. The learners were tested in the presence of their instructors. C. None of the six learners passed the test in the end. D. The instructors were as nervous as the learners. 18. When the author was sitting in the waiting room, he was quite __________ . A. upset B. nervous C. frightened D. relaxed 19. When it was his turn to take the test, the author went to his car with __________ . A. firm confidence B. mixed emotions C. increased nervousness D. perfect calmness 20. The passage is mainly about __________ . A. the influence of bad weather upon a test taker B. the feelings of a learner before his driving test C. the preparations before a driving test D. an unforgettable day Passage 3 The resources of the library can be helpful even when we are doing something very informal, such as trying to devise a better way to measure attitudes toward music or looking for a better way to teach mathematics. The library can be equally helpful when we are doing something very formal, such as writing a dissertation (学位论文) or preparing an article for publication in a professional journal. In either case, our goal should be to use the library as a useful tool to help us understand and solve our problem. The following sections of this chapter will describe specific resources available in many libraries. In some cases you may be completely unfamiliar with a resource. Your goal should the to become aware of what is available and to know how to use each of these resources to help you solve the problem they are designed to solve. When educators have a piece of information that they want to share with their colleagues, they often make this information available in professional journals or at professional meetings. It would often be useful to have access to such information, and this chapter will describe the special services that enable us to locate such information. 21. The library resources can be helpful when we __________ . A. want to find a better way to measure attitudes toward music B. are preparing a paper for a professional journal C. are writing a dissertation D. All of the above 22. The familiarity of readers with different resources __________ . A. is more or less the same B. Varies slightly C. differs greatly D. should not be different 23. The author believes that __________ . A. library resources should be used frequently and completely B. library resources cannot be made good use of if they are not available to us C. one is supposed to be aware of the library resources that are usually not available D. one is supposed to have good knowledge and make good use of resources 24. When educators wish to share some information with their colleagues, they often __________ . A. publish it in a professional journal B. attend professional meetings C. get access to it in the library D. make use of some library services 25. The chapter in question __________ . A. mainly deals with the ways of dissertation writing B. presents information on publishing papers in professional journals C. introduces some library services E. describes some professional meetings Passage 4 When food is consumed it can usually be replaced by growing more food on the same land year after year.But when people drive cars,the petrol they consume cannot be replaced from the th century the factories obtained their energy from coal,but industry‘s energy same source for ever.Some day all the oil,coal and metals in the earth will have disappeared. today comes material of oil.It is oil more than anything else that has made the United States the In the 19richest country in the world.Without it her industry would come to a halt.She also uses oil as raw material for the production of things like plastics and washing-powder.America owns large amounts of oil,coal and other resources,but the country‘s industrial production has become so great that fuel and raw materials now have to be imported from other countries.The United States,with one twentieth of the world‘s population, consumes a third of the world‘s resources---far more than her fair share.Anamerican uses fifty times as much energy as an Indian, while almost half the world‘s cars are on the roads of America. Europe is also consuming more than its fair share of the world‘s resources, including the resources of poorer countries. When we ride in a car or a train we rarely ask ourselves where the energy comes from to drive it. Nor do we think about the energy that heats the water for our bath,or that enables us to watch television,play records or cook the dinner.Every time we do these things we use up a little bit more of the earth‘s resources. It is difficult to find any products in a shop that do not use up energy and raw materials in their production.In the last few years people have begun to realize that these resources are being used up far too quickly. Between 1960 and 1970 world consumption of oil doubled,and our resources are expected to be completely used up by the year 2000 unless more oil is discovered before then.The oil-producing countries have therefore increased the price of oil because they know that the oil will not last for ever. What will happen if oil and other important resources are used up? Are there other ways to solve the problem? Scientists are looking for it. 26.Which of the following is renewable? A. Land B. Food C. Oil D. Metal 27.According to the second paragraph,______________. A. the United States is the largest producer of raw material B. the more oil a country produces,the richer it will be C. an Indian uses only about one-fiftieth of the energy used by an American D. America has imported almost 50% of the world‘s cars 28.Which of the following is true according to the third paragraph? A. Most of the Americans want to know where energy comes from. B. There are problems about the quality of the fuels that heat our water and cook our dinner. C. Whatever we do we certainly use up some of the earth‘s resources D. There are a few goods that are produced without using up some energy and raw material 29. In the author‘s opinion,________________. A. more oil will be discovered before long B. oil,coal,and metals in the earth will be used up sooner or later C. world consumption of oil will double in the next few years D. more coal is needed in order to replace oil 30. This passage was probably written________________. A. in 1960s B. between 1960 and 1970 C. before 1960 or earlier D. in 1970s or later Part Vocabulary and Structure(25 points) Section A Directions: In this section there are 15 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 31. Air pollution __________ , this city is still a good place to live in. A. being greatly reduced B. greatly being reduced C. to greatly reduce D. greatly to reduce 32. Many Americans worry about leisure and hurry from one activity to the next, __________ little time to stop and think. A. leave B. leaving C. left D. to leave 33. I won‘t be able to attend the meeting tonight because _________ . A. I must teach a class B. I teach a class C. I will be teaching a class D. I will have been teaching a class 34. Great changes __________ in our institute in the last few years. A. have taken place B. has taken place C. took place D. had taken place 35. If the building project __________ by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined. A. being completed B. is completed C. to be completed D. completed 36. __________ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a master‘s degree. A. To become B. Become C. One becomes D. On becoming 37. I don‘t know why she avoids __________ her opinion on the subject. A. to give B. to be given C. giving D. being given 38. If I had remembered __________ the window, the thief would not have got in. A. to close B. closing C. to have closed D. having closed 39. Cambridge has announced plans to establish a business school __________ the master‘s degree in business administration. 40. James plans to __________ offers from other companies before making a decision. A. explode B. expand C. expose D. explore 41. It would make __________ for the parents to be involved in this discussion. A. sense B. idea C. meaning D. significance 42. The license must be clearly __________ in the car windscreen. A. spread B. displayed C. exposed D. located 43. The donated liver came from the UK, but the hospital is giving no further __________ . A. instance B. character C. items D. details 44. Police are __________ the disappearance of two children. A. looking out B. looking after C. looking into D. looking on 45. I do not intend to follow that, because we shall have an opportunity to do so on another __________ . A occasion B. situation C. condition D. environment Section B Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE answer that best completes the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer sheet with a single line through the center. When I visited the Netherlands last year, my first impression was that it was all too good to be true: a country where everyone is satisfied! So, ___46___ that young people everywhere are gifted social critics, I sought out some university students and ___47__ what issues young people were ___48___ . I was stunned to learn that the main problem students there see is with employment. IN a country that‘s made good work conditions a(n) ___49___ , this came as a real surprise. Even more stunning was the fact that it wasn‘t unemployment ___50___ these students were worried about --- it was a shortage of highly paid management positions ___51___ to fresh university graduates. As the students expressed their resentment toward the older generation for ― ___52___ all the good jobs‖ and their bitterness over the thought of struggling to ___53___ on an entry – level salary, I couldn‘t help ___54___ my own early employment experiences. I had graduated with honors form a good school, but my first job was doing door – to – door market research for a salary that just barely allowed me to get by. For some reason I never doubted that I‘d ultimately ___55___ a better job. I simply accepted that a young person who was just starting out would have to struggle a bit at first. (216 words) 46. A. thinking B. to see C. knowing D. found 47. A. inquired after B. inquired of C. inquired into D. inquired 48. A. worrying B. concerned about C. concerned with D. cared about 49. A. priority B. choice C. must D. importance 50. A. which B. whom C. the D. that 51. A. preferred B. limited C. supplied D. available 52. A. taking on B. taking up C. taking over D. taking to 53. A. earn B. make ends meet C. survive with D. live with 54. A. calling back B. memorizing C. looking back on D. recalling on 55. A. end up with B. end with C. end in D. end on Part Writing (15 points) Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter to one of your former classmates. You should write at least 80 words, and base your letter on the Chinese outline below: 1. 了解對方近來的情況 2. 通知對方同學將在元旦舉行聚會 3. 請對方參加 Part I Use of English (20 points) Directions: In this part there are 10 incomplete dialogues. For each dialogue there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the dialogue. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 1. --- Can you turn down the radio, please? --- __________ . A. Oh, I know B. I‘m sorry, I didn‘t realize it was that loud. C. I‘ll keep it down next time D. Please forgive me 2. --- These are certainly beautiful flowers. Thank you so much. --- __________ . A. No, no. It‘s nothing B. You are welcome. C. Yes, I agree. D. Yes, I think so, too 3. --- Hi, Sam, I think you did a good job. --- __________ . A. Thank you B. Don‘t mention it C. Not at all D. I did it quite badly. 4. --- Good morning, sir. May I help you? --- __________ . A. No, I don‘t buy anything B. No, I don‘t need your help C. Yes, I need some sugar D. Oh, no. That‘s OK 5. --- Could you help me with my homework, please? --- __________ . A. No, no way B. No, I couldn‘t C. No, I can‘t D. Sorry I can‘t. I have to go to a meeting right now 6. --- Why don‘t you travel to New York on vacation? --- __________ . A. I don‘t want to go B. Excuse me, because I can‘t C. I want to, but I haven‘t got enough money D. Because I‘m going to school today 7. --- Would you like to go fishing with us now? --- __________ . A. No, I don‘t like B. It sounds interesting but I have lots of homework to do C. I won‘t tell you D. Oh, it is well 8. --- Could I speak to John Harris, please. --- __________ . A. Oh, how are you B. I‘m John C. I‘m listening D. Speaking 9. --- Congratulations! You won the first prize in today‘s speech contest. --- __________ . A. Yes, I beat the others B. No, no, I didn‘t do it well C. Thank you D. It‘s a pleasure 10. --- Can I have a look at your passport? --- __________ . A. It is here B. Here is it C. Here you are D. No, you can‘t Part Reading Comprehension (40 points) Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five questions. For each question there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage 1 Some of the notebooks George Washington kept as a young man are still in existence. They show that he was learning Latin, was very interested in the basics of good behavior in society, and was reading English literature. At school he seems only to have been interested in mathematics. In fact, his formal education was surprisingly brief for a gentleman, and incomplete. For unlike other young Virginian of that day, he did not go to the College of William and Mary in the Virginia Williamsburg. In terms of formal training then, Washington contrasts sharply with some other early American Presidents such as John Adams. Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. In later years, Washington probably regretted his lack of intellectual training. He never felt comfortable in a debate in Congress(国会), or on any subject that had not to do with everyday, practical matters. And because he never learned French and could not speak directly to the French leaders, he did not visit the country he admired so much. Thus, unlike Jefferson and Adams, he never reached Europe. 11. Why didn‘t Washington go to college? A. His family could not afford it. B. A college education was rather uncommon in his time. C. He didn‘t like the young Virginian gentlemen. D. The author doesn‘t give any reason. 12. Washington felt uncomfortable in Congress debates because he__________. A. lacked practice in public speaking B. felt his education was not good enough C. didn‘t like arguing and debating with people D. felt that debating was like intellectual training 13. The reason why Washington didn‘t visit France was probably that he__________. A. didn‘t really care about going B. didn‘t know French leaders C. couldn‘t communicate directly with the French leaders D. was too busy to travel 14. According to the author, __________. A. Washington‘s lack of formal education placed him at a disadvantage in later life B. Washington should have gone to France even though he could not speak French C. Washington was not as good a president as Adams, Jefferson or Madison D. Washington was a model for all Virginian gentlemen 15. The main idea of the passage is that Washington‘s education __________. A. was of great variety, covering many subjects B. was probably equal to those of most young gentlemen of his time C. may seem poor by modern standards, but was good enough for his time D. was rather limited for a president Passage 2 Like most people, I was brought up to look upon life as a process of getting. It was not until in my late thirties that I made this important discovery: giving – away makes life so much more exciting. You need not worry if you lack money. This is how I experimented with giving –away. If an idea for improving the window display of a neighborhood store flashes to me, I step in and make the suggestion to the storekeeper. One discovery I made about giving –away is that it is almost impossible to give away anything in this world without getting something back, though the return often comes in an unexpected form. One Sunday morning the local post office delivered an important special delivery letter to my home, though it was addressed to me at my office. I wrote the postmaster a note of appreciation. More than a year later I needed a post – office box for a new business I was starting. I was told at the window that there were no boxes left, and that my name would have to go on a long waiting list. As I was about to leave, the postmaster appeared in the doorway. He had overheard(无意中听到) our conversation. ―Wasn‘t it you that wrote us that letter a year ago about delivering a special delivery to your home?‖ I said yes. ―Well, you certainly are going to have a box in this post office if we have to make one for you. You don‘t know what a letter like that means to us. We usually get nothing but complaints.‖ 16. From the passage, we understand that __________ . A. the author did not understand the importance of giving until he was in late thirties B. the author was like most people who were mostly receivers rather than givers C. the author received the same education as most people during his childhood D. the author liked most people as they looked upon life as a process of getting 17. According to the author __________ . A. giving means you will lack money B. the excitement of giving can bring you money C. you don‘t have to be rich in order to give D. when you give away money, you will be rich 18. The author would make the suggestion to the storekeeper __________ . A. in writing B. in person C. in the window display D. about the neighborhood 19. When the author needed a post – office box, __________ . A. he had to put his name on a waiting list B. he wrote the postmaster a note of appreciation C. many people had applied for post – office boxes before him D. he asked the postmaster to make one for him 20. In reply to the postmaster‘s question, the author said __________ . A. it was the special delivery B. it was the post – office box C. it was the note of appreciation he wrote D. it was he who wrote him a letter a year ago Passage 3 Children in the United States are exposed to many influences other than of their families. Television is the most significant of these influences, because the habit of watching television usually begins before children start attending school. Parents are concerned about the lack of quality in television programs for children. The degree of violence in many of these shows also worries them. Studies indicate that, when children are exposed to violence, they many become aggressive or insecure. Parents are also concerned about the commercials during programs for children. And some parents feel that these shows should not have any commercials at all because young minds are not mature enough to deal with the claims made by advertisers. Educational television has no commercials and has programs for children that many parents approve of. The most famous of these is Sesame Street, which tries to give preschool children a head start in learning the alphabet(字母) and numbers. It also tries to teach children useful things about the world in which they live. Even though most parents and educators give Sesame Street and shows like it high marks for quality, some critics argue that all television, whether educational or not, is harmful to children. These critics feel that the habit of watching hours of television every day turns children into bored and passive(被动的) consumers of their world rather than encouraging them to become active explorers of it. 21. Which of the following statements is NOT based on the passage? A. Parents are worried about the influence from television on their children. B. Television has much influence on children. C. Both parents and their children like watching educational television. D. Some critics think that television is no good for children. 22. In what ways do children suffer from television? A. They become the victims of social violence. B. They spend hours watching television instead of doing school work. C. The programs make the children lose interest in the world. D. The programs make the children spend too much of their parents‘ money. 23. Parents would not like their children to see commercials because __________ . A. they think that their children are not old enough to handle advertising B. commercials teach children alphabet and numbers C. commercials help to sell products D. they don‘t like commercials 24. Educational television is widely appreciated because __________ . A. it does have the same commercials as others B. it offers programs for both children and their parents C. many parents like the programs it offers for their children D. children can learn some school subjects before they go to school 25. Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage? A. Watching Too Much Television May Be Harmful to Young Minds B. Television Is More Harmful than Educational C. Television‘s Influence on Children E. More Education Television Passage 4 There was a bad storm last night. Power lines were blown down by the high winds.Electric service was cut to more than a thousand homes,stores,and offices in the area.As a result,the two telephones on Dwayne Lederer‘s desk have been ringing all day.He works in the public relations office of the utility company that provides electricity for the region. When service is interrupted, as it was by last night‘s storm,Dwayne has to inform the public what the company is doing about the problem.He issues statements to the press,radio, and TV about the progress of repair work. He also answers dozens of phone calls from customers who want to know when their electric service is going to be restored. Right now he‘s talking to the maintenance section. The supervisor is telling him where the crews are working and how long it will take to complete the repairs. His second phone is ringing,,and he picks it up as soon as he hangs up the first phone.This time it is a customer,and Dwayne is able to tell her that her electricity will be restored in an hour or less.Before he finishes the call, the other phone is ringing again. Dwayne isn‘t always as busy as he is today. He spends a great deal of his time writing stories about the utility company and placing them in the local newspapers.Of course the stories show the company in a favorable light. At other times,he takes visitors through the company‘s plants.He has also been working on a new project. He‘s arranging to visit schools in the area to explain to the students how electricity is generated and distributed. He thinks this will help the public to understand some of the company‘s polices. Public relations is a field that has grown very rapidly in recent years.People have become aware of the effect that industry has on their lives.Now there are movements to protect the environment and to protect consumers. Many companies have found that they need to explain their policies to the public.Some of them have found it necessary to respond to bad publicity.Tourism and entertainment businesses have slways needed favorable publicity to attract customers. Dwayne worked as a reporter on a local newspaper for several months after he graduated from school. At the same time, the management of the utility company decided that it was necessary to do a better job in public relations.The company hired several men and women to fill vacancies in the public relations department.Dwayne was interviewed and chosen for one of the positions. 26. The company Dwayne works for______________. A. deals with public relations B. is a power supplier of the region C. has vacancies in the public relations department D. is responsible for weather forecasting 27. The customers are ringing Dwayne to complain about_______________. A. the last night‘s bad storm B. the interruption of electric service C. the wrong information about the weather D. the ptoblems in the statements he has issued to the press,radio,and TV. 28. Dwayne does a lot of things for the company expect__________________. A. writing stories about the company B. explaining to the students about electricity C. helping repair the power lines D. answering phone calls from customers 29. Dwayne used to work________________. A. as a teacher at the local school B. in a telephone company C. as a newspaper reporter D. for an entertainment business 30. The best title for this passage would be____________________. A. Public Relations B. A Utility Company C. Mr Dwayne Lederer D. Terrible Power Failure Part Vocabulary and Structure(25 points) Section A Directions: In this section there are 15 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer sheet with a single line through the center. 31. That was so serious a matter that I had no choice but __________ the police. A. called in B. calling in C. call in D. to call in 32. Although Jack made a foolish mistake, we __________ at him. A. ought to have laughed B. oughtn‘t to have laughed C. ought to laugh D. should not to laugh 33. In no circumstance __________ . A. smoking should be allowed on the campus B. should smoking b allowed on the campus C. should smoking allowed on the campus D. should smoking allow on the campus 34. we desire that the tour leader __________ us immediately of any changes in plans. A. inform B. informs C. informed D. has informed 35. These two areas are similar __________ they both have a high rainfall during this season. A. to that B. besides that C. in that D. except that 36. __________ my love of landscape, nothing could persuade me to spend another day in the Highlands. A. But for B. For all C. Above D. Except for 37. Scientists say it may be five or ten years __________ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. A. since B. before C. after D. when 38. __________ is no reason for dismissing him. A. Because he was a few minutes late B. Owing to a few minutes being late C. The fact that he was a few minutes late D. Being a few minutes late 39. Dieters should try to reach and __________ a reasonable weight. A. contain B. secure C. reserve D. maintain 40. They claim that __________ 1,000 factories closed down during economic crisis. A. sufficiently B. approximately C. considerably D. properly 41. I __________ an interesting news item in yesterday‘s Times. A. came across B. came up C. came to D. came over 42. I was stunned by the news, and my initial __________ was anger. A. impression B. reaction C. comment D. other 43. We are interested in the weather because it __________ us so directly --- what we wear, what we do, and even how we feel. A. benefits B. affects C. guides D. effects 44. That probably explains why public opinion is broadly __________ euthanasia (安乐死), or at least certain forms of it. A. in relation to B. in contrast to C. in excess of D. in favor of 45. She was __________ a very affectionate person. A. at heart B. in person C. on purpose D. by nature Section B Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are r choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE answer that best completes the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line though the center. Another useful method for improving your reading is the ability to reflect on what is being presented. Readers ___46___ the material that they have read not simply to understand it, ___47___ to interpret, analyze, and critique this information. Readers use several different methods to help them reflect such as careful note – taking, synthesis ( 综合). And analysis. Careful note – taking on your reading material ___48___ while you read. Pausing periodically to ___49__ about important claims or ideas, ___50___ details, or questions about unclear concepts. The act of note – taking will help you to reflect about the content of the document, and the notes you keep will ___51___ an archive that you can refer to in the future. Synthesis is the ability to take what are ___52___ seeming irrelevant points and put them together into a meaningful, new whole. Synthesis may occur during your reading, or it may tale place after you have read a document in its entirety. Analysis moves synthesis one step ___53___ , encouraging a reader to carefully examine thoroughly the points ___54__ , and how they are synthesized. After readers analyze a passage or a whole text, they ___55__ regarding the document, either generally agreeing or disagreeing with its message. (205 words) 46. A. study B. reflect on C. consider D. think 47. A. and B. but also C. moreover D. yet 48. A. must take place B. may start C. have to begin D. should occur 49. A. make note B. write note C. take notes D. keep note 50. A. relevant B. connected C. associated D. linked 51. A. act as B. serve as C. consider as D. regard as 52. A. firstly B. to begin with C. first hand D. at first 53. A. in advance B. farther C. further D. forwardly 54. A. to be made B. being made C. having made D. to make 55. A. take a position B. insist on C. consider D. hold the view Part Writing (15 points) Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write an E-mail to one of your former classmates. You should write at least 80 words, and base your E-mail on the Chinese outline below: 1. 了解对方最近的学习情况. 2. 你的学习情况. 3. 请对方说说提高水平的经验. Part I Use of English (20 points) Directions: In this part there are 10 incomplete dialogues. For each dialogue there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the dialogue. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 1. --- Hello, may I talk to the manager about the price? --- __________ . A. Sorry, he is out at the moment B. No, you can‘t C. Sorry, you can‘t D. I don‘t know 2. --- Can I borrow your camera for a couple of days? --- __________ . A. Yes, you may borrow B. Yes, go on C. Sure, here you are. Enjoy your journey D. It doesn‘t matter 3. --- Mr. Chairman, could I raise a point about the plan? --- __________ . A. Yes, Dr Chock B. I think so, either C. Yes, I hope not D. No, I have no idea 4. --- Sorry to interrupt, but can you give me another copy of the handout? --- __________ . A. No, of course not B. Certainly C. I‘m sorry to hear that D. By no means, but it‘s impossible 5. --- Do you mind if I join you? --- __________ . A. I‘m very happy to do so B. Never mind C. Please do D. Oh, I can‘t 6. --- My grandmother‘s taken ill and I‘ve got to go down to the hospital. --- __________ . A. We‘re going to the same place B. Very sorry to hear it. I hope it‘s nothing serious C. Really? D. Let me go with you 7. --- Well done. Congratulations on your success. --- __________ . A. Thank you very much B. Oh, no, no C. No, I didn‘t do very well D. Sorry, I couldn‘t any better 8. --- That man alone over there – who is he? --- __________ . A. He is a student B. He is Doctor Took C. A driver, I suppose D. He‘s drunk 9. --- Well, it‘s getting late. I must be going. Thank you again for inviting me to the party. --- __________ . A. Oh, it‘s so late B. Thank you for coming C. Oh, so soon? D. I really had a happy time 10. --- I want go to New York. What‘s the fare? --- ___________ . A. Pardon me? B. I‘m sorry C. Yes, I don‘t understand D. I‘m not understanding Part Reading Comprehension (40 points) Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five questions. For each question there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer sheet with a single line through the center. Passage 1 We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money. But most mistakes are about people. ―Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen?‖ ―When I got that great job, did Jerry really feel good about it, as a friend? Or did he envy my luck?‖ When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But when we look back, it‘s too late. Why do we go wrong about our friends – or out enemies? Sometimes what people say hides their meaning. And if we don‘t really listen, we miss the feeling behind the words. Suppose someone tells you, ―you‘re a lucky dog‖. Is he really on your side? If he says, ―You‘re a lucky guy‖ or ―You‘re a lucky gal‖, that‘s being friendly. But ―lucky dog‖? There‘s a bit of envy in those words. Maybe he doesn‘t see it himself. But bringing in the ―dog‖ bit puts you down a little. What he may be saying is that he doesn‘t think you deserve your luck. How can you tell the real meaning behind someone‘s words? One way is to take a good look at the person talking. Do his words fit the way he looks? Does what he says square with the tone of voice? His posture(体态)? The look in his eyes? Stop and think. The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people say to you may save another mistake. 11. From the questions in the first paragraph we can learn that the speaker __________ . A. feels happy, thinking of how nice his friends were to him B. feels he may not have ―read‖ his friends‘ true feelings correctly C. thinks it was a mistake to have broken up with his girl friend, Helen D. is sorry that his friends let him down 12. In the second paragraph, the author uses the example of ―You‘re a lucky dog‖ to show that __________ . A. the speaker of this sentence is just being friendly B. this saying means the same as ―You‘re a lucky guy‖ or ―You‘re a lucky gal‖ C. sometimes the words used by a speaker give a clue to the feeling behind the words D. the word ―dog‖ shouldn‘t be used to apply to people 13. This passage tries to tell you how to __________ . A. avoid mistakes about money and friends B. bring the ―dog‖ bit into our conversation C. avoid mistakes in understanding what people .tell you D. keep people friendly without trusting them 14. In listening to a person, the important thing is __________ . A. to notice his tone, his posture, and the look in his eyes B. to listen to how he pronounces his words C. to check his words against his manner, his tone of voice, and his posture D. not to believe what he says 15. If you followed the advice of the writer, you would __________ . A. be able to get the real meaning of what people say to you B. avoid and mistakes while talking with people who envy you C. not lose real friends who say things that do not please you D. be able to observe people as they are talking to you Passage 2 Why was Bastille important to the citizens of Paris? The building of the Bastille had been started in 1370 under Charles V. By the seventeenth century it had stopped to be important for defense. Cardinal Richelieu turned it into a prison. It was not an ordinary prison to punish common crimes. Its huge doors closed only on enemies of the King. The Bastille‘s workings were secret. Prisoners were taken to it in closed vehicles. Soldiers on guard duty had to stand with their faces to the wall. No talking was allowed. Worst of all, a prisoner never knew if he would be there a day, a week, a year, or forever. Only the King‘s letter could set him free. Over the years the number of arrests by King‘s letter had become fewer. By the time of its fall, most of the prisoners were writers who had written against the corruptions (贪污腐败) of the government. Voltaire, the famous French writer, spent a year there in 1717 ~ 1718, and another 12 days in 1726. For those who believed in free speech and free thinking, the Bastille stood for everything evil. The day it was captured, only seven prisoners were found inside. Still, the Bastille was hated by the people. It was a symbol of the King‘s complete power. 16. The Bastille had been a prison __________ . A. since the time of Charles V B. since 1370 C. before the seventeenth century D. since the time of Cardinal Richelieu 17. According to the passage, which of the following statements is FALSE? A. Anyone who did something wrong could find himself suddenly in the Bastille. B. The Bastille was only for those who were opposed to the King. C. Things done in the Bastille were hardly known to people outside. D. Voltaire was twice put in the Bastille. 18. At the time of its fall, the Bastille housed __________ . ` A. a large number of prisoners B. a lot of writers who had been against the government C. some dozens of people who believed in free speech and free thinking D. only a few prisoners 19. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. All prisoners in the Bastille had to stay there for life. B. Over the years the number of prisoners in the Bastille was getting more and more. C. The King could put people in, or let them go out, as he wanted. D. At the time it was captured, there were so few prisoners in it that it meant little to the people. 20. This passage mainly __________ . A. tells how the prisoners were controlled by the King B. tells how little was known about the Bastille C. shows the inner workings of the Bastille D. gives a brief history of the Bastille Passage 3 Almost every family buys as least one copy of a newspaper every day. Some people subscribe to as many as two or three different newspapers. But why do people read newspapers? Five hundred years ago, news of important happenings – battles lost and won, kings or rulers overthrown (推翻) or killed – took months and even years to travel from one country to another. The news passed by word of mouth and was never accurate. Today we can read in our newspapers of important events that occur in far away countries on the same day they happen. Apart from supplying news from all over the world, newspapers give us a lot of other useful information. There are weather reports, radio, television and film guides, book reviews, stories, and of course, advertisements. The bigger ones are put in by large companies to bring attention to their products. They pay the newspapers thousands of dollars for the advertising space, but it is worth the money for news of their products goes into almost every home in country. For those who produce newspapers, advertisements are also very important. Money earned from advertisements makes it possible for them to sell their newspapers at a low price and still make a profit. 21. The phrase ―subscribe to‖ in the first paragraph means ―__________‖. A. go to the newspaper stand and buy B. send their own news stories to C. agree to buy for a specific period of time D. become faithful readers of 22. The habit of reading newspapers is __________ . A. widespread B. found among a few families C. not popular D. uncommon 23. Before the time of the newspaper, __________ . A. bad news traveled quickly and good news slowly B. few people cared about events that took place in far away countries C. kings and rulers were often overthrown or killed D. news was passed from one person to another 24. The author seems to agree that money spent on advertisements is __________ . A. wasted B. not much C. well spent D. of no use to anyone 25. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Five hundred years ago it took a long time for news to reach other countries. B. Newspaper advertisements turn people‘s attention away from their products. C. The news that we read in newspapers is mainly about new products. E.When newspapers are sold at a low price, the newspaper producers will lose money. Passage 4 A 15-year-old boy, who was first found guilty of theft at the age of 12, was convicted of stealing 22 charity boxes yesterday from local shops .He was arrested while he was dressed as a woman, and he was pretending to be a representative of the Charity Help Aids. The boy had been arrested 80 times before, and neighbours say that he had committed over, 1,000 offences. One local person said ,―He‘s always in court. We‘ve had enough of him.‖ He had been sent to a young people‘s prison on two occasions and had been convicted eight times—for burglary, robbery and criminal damage. At the trial the jury heard evidence from the shop owners. One of them had finally called the police because of what he had said after his mobile phone rang. He had answered the call and had started swearing. ―It was only at that point, ‖the shop owner said, ―That I realized it was not the usual lady who collects the boxes.‖ After the verdict, his mother,who had given evidence in the case,said that she was unable to control her son. The judge told the court that the problems of the family could be due to the absence of a father. The judge will sentence the boy next Tuesday. Questions 31——35 26. The boy stole from _________________ . A. shops B. charity shops C. charity boxes in shops D. offices 27. He stole __________________. A . 80 boxes B. 15 boxes C. 1,000 boxes D. 22 boxes 28. He had been sent to prison ___________. A. twice B. 80 times C. 22 times D. 1,000 times 29. When did one of the shop owners realize the boy was a fake (冒充的)charity lady ? A. When the boy‘s phone rang. B. When the boy was dressed as woman. C. When the boy began swearing (骂人). D. When the boy wanted to run away. 30. The judge said the reason for the problems was __________________ . A . the boy‘ s father B. the absence of the boy‘s father C. the boy ‘s mother D. the boy himself Part Vocabulary and Structure(25 points) Section A Directions: In this section there are 15incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 31. If only he __________ what I tell him, but he won‘t. A. had done B. would do C. would have done D. has done 32. Five minutes earlier, __________ we could have caught the last train. A. and B. or C. so D. but 33. A suitcase with shirt, trousers and shoes __________ stolen from the car. A. have been B. has C. was D. are 34. They talked in whispers, but still, I couldn‘t help but __________ their conversation. A. overhear B. to overhear C. overhearing D. overheard 35. Her wish was that he __________ at Beijing University at once. A. studies B. studied C. study D. will study 36. The furniture in his room is quite different __________ in yours. A. from those B. from that C. from that one D. from those ones 37. The government official explained that there‘s no point ___________ about the cultural gap in that city. A. to worry B. with them worrying C. in worrying D. worry 38. __________ such a good chance he planned to learn more. A. giving B. Having given C. Having been given D. To be given 39. I‘d almost given up hope of finding a house I liked, and then suddenly this one __________ . A. turned over B. turned up C. turned on D. turned down 40. Not only are cars involved in most of the traffic accidents, but they also __________ . A. contribute B. promote C. refer D. matter 41. David and Sheila are unable to have children, but they‘re hoping to __________ a little boy. A. cultivate B. raise C. adopt D. acquire 42. As you know, when college students __________ their future employment, they often think of status and income. A. apply B. demand C. anticipate D. suppose 43. Alice is a __________ person and never makes any unreasonable demands. A. sensible B. sensitive C. severe D. solemn 44. Not __________, with youth unemployment so high, some school – leavers with qualifications fail to find jobs. A. obviously B. surprisingly C. particularly D. normally 45. She is quite capable and can be depended on in an __________ . A. affair B. accident C. incident D. emergency Section B Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage, For each bland there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE answer that best completes the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Homesickness is very common among students away from home – even those who had previously been away at overnight camp or traveled far away. There is a difference between being away from home for 8 weeks and being gone for 8 months. There is also a difference between ___46___ home for a while (knowing you will be going back) and the start of leaving ___47___ (knowing your returns may never be the same again). Feeling homesick dies not make you less mature or mean you are not ready to be ___48___ . If you feel homesick, talk to your friends at school about it. ___49__ are they are feeling the same way. ___50___ family and friends back home, but make sure you ___51___ new relationships at school. If your homesickness will just not ___52___ and does not seem to be getting better after a few months at school, speaking with a counselor might help. Also, remember that going home for the first visit may be difficult ___53___ changes in yourself or your family. Old conflicts do not just disappear ___54___ you go to college, and new ones may ___55___ . Again, if things are too stressful for you to handle alone, talk to a counselor. (210 words) 46. A. abandoning B. leaving C. being away D. heading for 47. A. for good B. temporarily C. impermanent D. all the time 48. A. yourself B. lonely C. of your own D. on your own 49. A. Most likely B. It‘s impossible C. Chances are D. Make sure 50. A. Keep in touch with B. Contact with C. Keep contact in D. Communicate 51. A. go with B. go away C. go over D. go through 52. A. have built B. are establishing C. formed D. develop 53. A. thanks to B. because of C. owing to D. resulting in 54. A. if B. unless C. once D. provided 55. A. surface B. arise from C. give rise to D. merge Part Writing (15 points) Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write an E-mail to one of your former classmates. You should write at least 80 words, and base your E-mail on the Chinese outline below: 1. 你的近况. 2. 请对方帮你购习英语语法书. 3. 邀请对方方便时来访. Part I Use of English (20 points) Directions: In this part there are 10 incomplete dialogues. For each dialogue there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the dialogue. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 1. --- Can I help you with the bag? --- __________ . A. No, no. I can take it myself B. Thank you C. Sorry, you can‘t D. No, I‘m all right 2. --- Hello, I‘d like to speak to Mark, please. --- __________ . A. Yes, I‘m Mark B. This is Mark speaking C. It‘s me here D. This is me 3. --- Can you go out with us for dinner this evening? --- __________ . A. No, I already have plans B. Thanks a lot but I‘m busy tonight C. No, I really don‘t like being with you D. I‘m ill, so I shouldn‘t go out for dinner 4. --- Sorry, I must be leaving now, because there‘s a meeting. --- __________ . A. Oh, no, you can‘t B. Yes, you can leave if you like C. Do you really have to go? Couldn‘t you at least stay for another cup of tea? D. Oh, no. I don‘t understand 5. --- I‘d like to book a flight to Shanghai, please. --- __________ . A. No, of course not B. Do you mind if I said no? C. Yes, sir, single or return? D. You can‘t. We are busy 6. --- Excuse me, is this the right direction for the school? --- __________ . A. Well, no, you‘re going in the wrong direction B. No, don‘t ask me C. No, I don‘t know D. Don‘t go this way 7. --- May I see your tickets and passports, please? --- __________ . A. No, you can‘t B. Yes, you can C. here they are D. No, they are mine 8. --- Do you mind if I take a couple of hours off this afternoon? --- __________ . A. Never mind B. OK, but what for? C. Yes, please help yourself D. Yes, but I don‘t care 9. --- Hello, is that Shanghai Airlines? --- __________ . A. Yes, can I help you? B. Yes, what do you want? C. Yes, you‘re right D. Yes, right number 10. --- Sorry I kept you waiting. --- __________ . A. I‘m sad B. I don‘t care C. That‘s all right. There‘s no hurry D. No, not at all Part Reading Comprehension (40 points) Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five questions. For each question there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer sheet with a single line through the center. Passage 1 One silly question I simply can‘t stand is ―How do you feel‖. Usually the question is asked of a man in action – a man on the go, walking along the street, or busily working at his desk. So what do you expect him to say? He‘ll probably say, ―Fine, I‘m all right.‖ But ―you‘ve put a bug in his ear‖ – maybe now he‘s not sure. If you are a good friend, you may have seen something in his face, of his walk, that he did not realize that morning. It starts him worrying a little. First thing you know, he looks in a mirror to see if everything is all right, while you go merrily on your way asking someone else, ―How do you feel?‖ Every question has its time and place. It‘s perfectly acceptable, for instance, to ask ―How do you feel?‖ if you‘re visiting a close friend in the hospital. But if the fellow is walking in both legs, hurrying to make a train, or sitting at his desk working, it‘s no time to ask him that silly question. When George Bernard Shaw, the famous writer of plays was in his eighties, someone asked him ―How do you feel‖, Shaw put him in his place. ―When you reach my age‖, he said, ―either you feel all right or you‘re dead.‖ 11. According to the writer, greetings, such as ―How do you feel?‖ ________ . A. show one‘s consideration for others B. are a good way to make friends C. are proper to ask a man in action D. generally make one feel uneasy 12. The question ―How do you feel?‖ seems to be cored and suitable when asked of _______ . A. a man working at his desk B. a person having lost a close friend C. a stranger who looks somewhat worried D. a friend who is ill 13. The writer seems to feel that a busy man should __________ . A. be praised for his efforts B. never be asked any question C. not be bothered D. be discouraged from working so hard 14. George Bernard Shaw‘s reply in the passage shows his _________ . A. cheerfulness B. cleverness C. ability D. politeness 15. ―You‘ve put a bug in his ear ―means that you‘ve __________ . A. made him laugh B. shown concern for him C. made fun of him D. given him some kind of warning Passage 2 Acting is such an over-crowded profession that the only advice that should be given to a young person think of going on the stage is ―Don‘t!‖. But it is useless to try to discourage someone who feels that he must act, although the chances of his becoming famous are slim. The normal way to begin is to go to a drama school. Usually only students who show promise and talent are accepted, and the course lasts two years. Then the young actor or actress takes up work with a theatrical company(剧团), usually as an assistant stage manager. This means doing everything that there is to do in the theatre and occasionally acting in very small parts. It is very hard work indeed, the hours are long and the salary is tiny. Of course, some people have remarkable chances which lead to fame and success without this long and hard training. Connie Pratt, for example, was just an ordinary girl working in a bicycle factory. A film producer happened to catch sight of her one morning waiting at a bus stop, as he drove past in his car. He stopped and got out to speak to the girl. He asked if she would like to go the film studio to do a test, and she thought he was joking. Then she got angry and said she would call the police. It took the producer twenty minutes to convince Connie that he was serious. The test was successful. And within a few weeks she was playing the leading part opposite one of the most famous actors of the day. But chances like this happen once in a blue moon! 16. From the very beginning, the author puts it clearly that acting is a profession _______ . A. sought after by too many B. too difficult for young people C. for slim people only D. one can go into without special training 17. For someone who feels he must act, it is very likely that _________ . A. he will become a film star at long last B. he will become a stage manager C. he will be well paid D. he will end up without any success 18. The film producer found Connie Pratt one morning when she was _________ . A. at work in a bicycle factory B. driving past him in her car C. going to a film studio D. waiting for a bus 19. A few weeks after the test. Connie Pratt found herself ________ . A. the most famous actress of the world B. playing the leading female role in a play C. as famous as the greatest actor of the world D. no less famous than the leading actor of the day 20. The concluding sentence ―chances like this happen once in a blue moon‖ means ________ . A. this is something which happens once in a while B. this is a highly profitable chance C. this is something highly possible D. this is a very rare chance Passage 3 Soldiers and other military people wear uniforms with various other symbols to indicate their status. But in the business world everyone wears more or less similar suits, and you cannot tell at a glance who ranks higher or lower than another. So how do people in the business world show their superiority? An attempt to study this was made by two researchers using a series of silent films. They had two actors play the parts of an executive (經理) and a visitor, and switch roles each time. The scene had one man at his desk playing the part of an executive, while the other, playing the part of a visitor, knocks at the door, opens it and approaches the desk to discuss some business matter. The audience watching the films was asked to rate the executive and the visitor in terms of status. A certain set of rules about status began to emerge from the ratings. The visitor showed the least amount of status when he stopped just inside the door to talk across the room to the seated man. He was considered to have more status when he walked halfway up to the desk, and he had the most status when he walked directly up to the desk and stood right in front of the seated executive. Another thing that affected the status of the visitor in the eyes of the observers was the time between knocking and entering. For the seated executive, his status was also affected by the time between hearing the knock and answering. The quicker the visitor entered the room, the more status he had. The longer the executive took to answer, the more status he had. 21. The experiment designed by the two researchers aimed at finding out __________ . A. how business is conducted by an executive and a visitor B. how to tell the differences between an executive and a visitor C. how to tell businessmen at a glance D. how businessmen indicate status 22. Which of the statements can best sum up the passage? A. The executive has a higher status than the visitor. B. Military people wear uniforms but the businessmen do not. C. A study revealing a set of rules about the status of businessmen. D. It is a good method to use a series of silent film in research. 23. Having entered the room, the closer the visitor approaches the executive, __________ . A. the less it affected his status B. the lower his status C. the more it affected his status D. the higher his status 24. The longer the seated man was in answering the knock, __________ . A. the higher his status B. the less it affected his status C. the lower his status D. the more it affected his status 25. Which statement is NOT true? A. Soldiers wear uniforms with various symbols so that one can tell their status at a glance. B. In the experiment, one actor played the executive while the other played the seated man. C. Business people wear similar suits. D.The audience watching the film rated the executive and the visitor in terms of status. Passage 4 Paper was invented by the Chinese in the first century AD.Paper was not made in southern Europe until about the year 1100. Scandinavia——which now makes a great deal of the world‘s paper——did not begin to make it until 1500. Most paper is made from wood. Paper-making is an important industry and paper from Britain is sold to many countries such as Australia and South Africa.Some of the wood used in the British paper making industry comes from trees grown in Britain,but wood is also bought from other countries such as Norway.One tree is needed for every four hundred copies of a forty-page newspaper.If half the adults in Britain buy one daily paper,this uses up over a thousand trees a day.All over the world,trees are world, trees are being cut down faster than they are being planted, so there may be a serious need for paper at the beginning of next century . When we think of paper, we think of newspaper, books, letters and writing paper.But there are many other uses.Only half of paper is used for books,and newspaper,etc. Paper is very good for keeping you warm.Each year,more and more things are made of paper. But the latest in paper making seems to be paper houses. 26.Wher was paper invented? A. In China. B. In southern Europe. C. In Scandinavia. D. In Britain. 27．Scandinavia began to make paper__________. A. in 1100 B. in 1400 C. in 1500 D . in the first century 28.Every four hundred copies of a forty-paper newspaper will need _____________. A .half a tree B. one tree C. two trees D. more than one tree 29. All over the world, trees are being cut down___________than they are being planted. A . more slowly B. much faster C. much more slowly D. faster 30. The latest things made of paper are___________. A. chairs B. tables C. clothes D. houses Part Vocabulary and Structure(25 points) Section A Directions: In this section there are 15incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 31. The match was cancelled because most of the members __________ a match without a standard court. A. objected to having B. objected to have C. were objected to have D. were objected to having 32. Nowhere else in the world __________ more attractive scenery than in Switzerland. A. you can find B. is found C. can you find D. has been found 33. This is a very difficult operation. It is essential that you __________ for emergency. A. are to be prepared B. would prepared C. be prepared D. must be prepared 34. Most insurance agents would rather you __________ anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation. A. don‘t do B. didn‘t do C. would not do D. do 35. Her sun – tanned face suggested that she __________ in excellent health. A. be B. is C. was D. were 36. __________ evidence that language acquiring ability must be stimulated. A. It being B. It is C. There is D. There being 37. Having been asked to speak at the convention __________ . A. some notes were prepared for Dr. Smith B. Smith prepared some notes C. The convention members were pleased to hear Dr. Smith D. Some notes were prepared by Dr. Smith 38. Ever since the Smiths moved to the suburbs a year ago they __________ better health. A. could have enjoyed B. had enjoyed C. have been enjoying D. are enjoying 39. People are spending more of their income on goods such as cars and household ________ . A. facilities B. appliances C. instruments D. equipment 40. Graceland, Elvis Presley‘s former home, is now a tourist __________ that draws more than 600,000 visitors every year. A. store B. attraction C. appointment D. arrangement 41. Food was in short __________ ; women stood in line for hours for a bucket of drinking water. A. store B. provision C. reserve D. supply 42. Being the __________ sponsor of this competition, he has got great opportunities for advertising his products. A. principal B. chief C. main D. primary 43. I don‘t want to talk about it now. I‘m not in the __________ . A. feeling B. attitude C. emotion D. mood 44. Mary had prepared carefully for her English examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first __________ . 45. Latin America has an __________ labor force and natural resources. A. wealthy B. abundant C. scattered D. deposited Section B Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage, For each bland there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE answer that best completes the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. The proficient athlete possesses natural sporting abilities and very good physical coordination, but ___46___ these physical assets he/she must be in superb(杰出的) physical condition. The World Health Organization (WHO) ___47___ fitness as: ―The ability to ___48___ your normal daily tasks with vigour (活力) and alertness (机警) and without undue (过度的) fatigue (疲劳), with enough energy ___49___ in reserve to cope with any emergencies that may arise or to follow the leisure pursuits (追求) of your choice‖, ___50___ is the most important of the benefits of physical fitness. That is being in superb physical condition. That is what we are urging you to ___51___. Physical exercise reduces the intensity of many of many illnesses or the risk of developing them, thus, ___52___ you to achieve what the WHO defines as fitness. ___53___ the benefits of physical fitness good health is a universal goal. We will guide you to achieve that goal. Look at the essential benefits of physical fitness listed below and take the road ___54___ them! Set gaining all the benefits of physical fitness as your great health achievement. A complete exercise program must contain ___55___ two types of training to be successful in helping you attain the benefits of physical fitness.(211 words) 46. A. what‘s worse B. in addition to C. in addition D. except that 47. A. defines B. describes C. rephrases D. puts 48. A. do B. carry on C. perform D. exert 49. A. leaving B. leaves C. having left D. left 50. A. which B. that C. what D. because 51. A. contain B. obtain C. sustain D. attain 52. A. allowed B. allowing C. to be allowed D. having been allowed 53. A. Among B. In C. Of D. Within 54. A. to achieve B. of achieving C. achieving D. to being achieved 55. A. the followed B. the following C. under D. below Part Writing (15 points) Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write an E-mail to one of your former classmates. You should write at least 80 words, and base your E-mail on the Chinese outline below: 1. 告诉对方你将参加英语四级考试. 2. 询问对方如何做准备. 3. 请对方建议一些参考书 1.从本题的对话可看出，第一句话人想见校长，但校长此时列法见他，礼貌的回答需 表示歉意，并说明理由，因此最佳答案是A。 2.本题的提问者是想借用对方的词典，如果对方乐意出借自己的词典，最佳的回答是 C。Help yourself在这里的意思是“尽管用吧”。 3.本题的问句是在询问对方是不是罗伯特?李先生，如果回答是肯定的，最佳的选择 是A。这是电话里的一种惯用语。 4.本题的提问者在礼貌地用“Excuse me, sir”询问布朗博士的办公室在哪里，因此 回答也需要有礼貌。如果是否定的回答，不知道布朗博士的办公室在哪能里，最好要 向提问者提及什么地方可得到帮助，所以最佳的选择是D。 5本题的提问者在赞扬玛丽的连衣裙很漂亮，同时也询问约翰的情况，对赞扬的典型 回答是thank you，同时还需要提供有关约翰的信息，因此选择C。 6从本句的问句和回答看，该句是出现在服务场所，说话人在询问对方想买什么，因 此选择A。 7本题的第一说话人想请对方去喝咖啡。如果不接受邀请，礼貌的方式是要表示歉意 或感谢并说明理由。如果回答是肯定的，通常礼貌的方式是要表示感谢，并表示自己 接受对方的邀请，因此最佳的选择是B。 8本题的提问者在询问对方是哪里人，用的动词是mind。如果对方不介意，最佳的选 择是D。 9从本题的第一说话人说的话看，情景是在餐馆。说话人想看菜单，并抱怨已经等候 多时。服务员在递菜单时常说here you are，因此最佳的选择是C。 10从本题的第一说话人说的话看，说话人曾担心自己的化学考试成绩，但却得了A，显得很高兴。对方听了这消息时会给予祝贺，所以选择B。 Passage 1 11答案C。 细节推理题。见原文第一段中第二句话“We don’t know if either story is true”，意思是我们不知道这两个故事是否真实，因此选项C“作者不能确认故事是否真实”是正确选项。 12答案D。 细节题。见原文第二段第二句“he had difficulty reading and writing”，意思是“他在阅读和写作方面都有困难”，第二段最后一句“The problem was that he didn’t know how to spell”，意思是“问题是他不会拼写”，只有选项D“他拙于阅读、写作和拼写”与原文相符。选项C“他让他的助手替他签署文件”与原文所说“他 让助手把文件读给他听”不符。 13答案C。 细节推理题。原文提到了“OK”的两个用处，第一个起源于President Jackson,他批准某一文件的时候，会签上“OL korekt”，即“ALL CORRECT”（全对）的错误拼写，后来又将之缩略为“OK”。故选项C“OK由President Jackson首用”符合原文。 14答案D。 细节题。原文最后一段中说“Van Buren’s friends organized a club to help him become President„anyone who supported Van Buren was called ‘OK’”，意思是Van Buren的支持者们组织了Old Kinderhook俱乐部来支持他竞选，所以他的支持者们都被称为“OK”。故只有选项D符合原文。 15答案B。 判断推理题。原文最后一段中说“Van Buren’s friends organized a club to help him become President„anyone who supported Van Buren was called ‘OK’”，意思是Van Buren的支持者们组织了Old Kinderhook俱乐部来支持他竞选，所以他的支持者们都被称为“OK”。可见“OK”一开始专指那次总统竞选中Van Buren的支持者，仅适用于那次总统选举，故正确答案是B。 Passage 2 16答案C。 细节推理题。见原文第二句话“Less than a tenth of the people are engaged in agriculture and forestry”，少于十分之一的美国人从事农业和林业，所以如 果美国人口是2.5亿，那么农业和林业的从业人员为其十分之一不到，即少于2500 万，所以选项C是正确答案。 17．答案C。细节判断题。见原文第四句话“half the population now lives in some thirty metropolitan areas„ - a larger proportion than in Germany of England, let alone France”，美国一半人口都住在大约30个大都市里，这个 比例大过德国和英国，更不用提法国了，可见法国的城市人口比例在四个国家里 是最小的，因此正确答案是C。 18．答案A。词语释义题。 19．答案B。细节判断题。见原文倒数第三句话“every small town may still be very like other small towns”，第一个小城都与其他的小城很相似，故选项B符合原文。 20．答案C。 Passage 3 21．答案D。综合判断题。见原文第三段第一句话“even if the people cannot write, they may know something of the past”，即使没有文字 记录 混凝土 养护记录下载土方回填监理旁站记录免费下载集备记录下载集备记录下载集备记录下载 ，人们也可以了解 过去的历史，即通过口头传授，很明显选项D是与原文这个观点不一致的，故D 是应选答案。 22．答案D。细节题。见原文第二段最后一句话“we know almost nothing about the people who lived even 200 years ago in central Africa, because they had not learned to write”，对于中非200年的历史我们几乎一无所知，那是因为 中非地区的人不会书写，所以D是正确答案。 23．答案D。词义理解题。可以根据上下文判断词义。原文第三段提到，人们从老一 辈人那儿听说，再以歌唱、舞蹈和故事的形式流传下去，这就称为“remembered history”。所以选项D是正确答案。 24．答案B。细节题。见原文最后一句话“where there are no written records, such spoken stories are often very helpful”，但没有文字记录的时候，这些口头流传 的故事就很有帮助，故选项B符合原文。 25．答案A。综合推理题。根据全文大意，作者认为文字记录是我们了解历史最有价 值的资料，所以如果古人对每一件事都以文字记录下来，我们对历史将了解得更 多，所以选项A最接近文意。 26. C 27.D 28.D 29. D 30.A 31．答案C。此题的考点是busy的用法。因为busy的搭配是be busy (in) doing sth。 所以答案为C。 32．答案C。此题的考点是情态动词must与have done结构的搭配表示有把握的猜测。 所以答案为C。 33．答案C。此题的考点是wonder引导的宾语从句。其中what与本题的题意相符， 所以选C。 34．答案B。此题的考点是with+n.+done结构在句中做状语。因为表示的状态不是正 在进行所以不选A，答案为B。 35．答案D。此题的考点是由if引导的条件状语从句 36．A 37.D 38.B 39.A 40.C 41.B 42.D 43.B 44.A 45.C 46．A 47.B 48.B 49.D 50.A 51.C 52.A 53.D 54.C 55.D （略） 1．本题的第一说话人在邀请对方共进晚餐。如果是无法参加，礼貌的方式是表示歉 意或感谢，同时说明理由，因此最佳的选择是C。 2. 从本题的第一说话人说的话看，说话人是想打电话给玛丽。如果玛丽不在，无法 接电话，对方通常要说声对不起，并给予说明。如果玛丽在，对方会说Hold on, I’ll get her,相当于“不要挂上，我去叫她听电话”。因此答案为A。 3．从本题目第一说话人的话看出，情景是在用餐时。Please help yourself to the fish相当于“请吃鱼”。回答时最好先表示感谢，所以选择A。 4．从本题目的和经一说话人说的话看，说话人是在催促汽车司机开快一点，不然他 就会迟到。如果回答是否定的，需表示感谢歉意，并说明理由，因此选择A。 5．从本题的问句可以看出，说话人是在问去机场的路。如果不知道，回答时需表示 歉意，并说明理由，因此选择B。 6．从本题的问句可以看出，第一说话者在邀请对方去看电影。如要无法接受邀请， 礼貌的方式 是要表示歉意或感谢，并说明理由，因此选择B。 7．本题的第一说话人(服务员)在礼貌地询问对方(顾客)是否可点甜点了。如果是肯定回答，需指出要点什么样的甜点，因此选D。 8．本题目的提问者在询问汤姆是否千诉对方浇花。答案为C。so I did 相当于so I watered the flowers。其他选择在意思上有矛盾之处。 9．本题是个选择问句，提问者在征求对方的意见，是坐在这里的草地上还是坐在靠 近水的地方。回答时需在两者之间选择其一，因此答案为A。 10．本题目的问句在征求对方是否介意与他换座位，用的是动词mind，因此答案为C。 Passage 1 11．答案C。细节推理题。见原文第一段第一句话“people asked the obvious, ’Why did she live to be107?’ Answers were provided by a survey”，人们询问为什么她能活到107岁，这个调查回答了这个问题，所以选项C“这个调查解释了像 Groeger 太太这样的人长寿的原因”是正确答案。 12．答案B。主旨理解题。第二段的主题句的第一句话“This factor is exercise”，长寿的要素是锻炼，这句话概括了第二段的主要内容，下面则通过一些例子说明住在城里 的人为什么必须多走路并因此而得到了锻炼，所以选项B“第二段的目的是为了列举城市 居民需要走路的情况”符合文意。 13．答案B。细节推理题。原文第二段列举了一个城市居民多走路而获得锻炼油的一 个例子，即小公寓房没有电梯，人们只好爬楼梯，这样的锻炼有益健康，所以选项B是正确答案。 14．答案A。 细节题。原文第三段提到居住在城市的人很多时候选择步行的原因是离 超市近以及没有停车的地方，最后一句又说住在乡村的人则上学、上班甚至去任何地方都 必须开车，可以推测出他们住的地方离学校以及商业区较远，所以选项A正确，而选项C说他们从没有遇到停车难问题才会选择开车不符合原文意思。 15．答案D。综合推理题。本文主要是分析一次调查结果，这个调查结果显示大部分 寿星都生活在城市，分析之后得出的原因是居住在城市的人通过多走路得到了锻炼，据此 可以得出结论，走路有益健康，所以选项D是正确的。 Passage 2 16．答案C。细节理解题。原文第一句话For any Englishman, there can never be any discussion as to who is the world’s greatest dramatist,意思是对于英国人来说，关于谁是最伟大的戏剧家根本不会有争论，因此选项C“英国人对于谁是最伟大的戏 剧家态度非常明确”符合原文意思。 17．答案A。细节理解题目。原文第一段第三句话说每个英国人不管多少都了解一点 这位最伟大戏剧家的作品，因此选项A“每个英国人多多少少都了解一点SHAKESPEARE”符合句义。 18．答案C。19．答案A。词语释义题。“proverb”一词出现在原文第一段最后一句 话，根据上下文，“proverb”连普通老妇人都知道，并且很出名，那么只有选项A正确；“proverb”的意思是格言。 20．答案B。方旨理解题。原文最后一段是关于研究莎士比亚作品评议的价值的，其 中第一句话说通过这种研究可以了解英语言的丰富和多样性，因此选项B符合文意。 Passage 3 21．答案D。细节题。原文第一段指出树以三种方式有益于人类，第二段第一句话说 世界上许多地方的人不知道第三种最重要，第三种是防旱防洪，因此选项D是正确答案。 22．答案C。综合判断题。本文的主要目的在于指出树有益于人类，然而遗憾的是人 类只为了眼前利益而乱砍滥伐，没有真正懂得树的重要性，因此选项C是正确的；而人类渴望从树身上获利这本身并没错，只是不该没有节制，所以选项B不正确。 23．答案C。细节题。原文第四段最后一句话说除非政府加以有效控制或教育人民， 森林才不会消失，也就是说当所有人都了解树的重要性，不乱砍滥伐，森林才不会消失， 因此选项C是正确的；选项A说除非这个国家树木充足，与原文不符，树木再多，光砍不 种也会砍光；选项B“除非所有人都不砍树”和选项D“除非政府惩罚那些砍树而不是种 树的人”也与原文不符，并不是要不砍树，而是要砍种结合。 24．答案C。词语释义题。“bind”一词出现在最后一段第二句话，这保有话说明了树 的地壤保持作用，树根切碎了泥土，让雨水渗入，从而保持了土壤，防止菘流失，因此根 据上下文，“bind”的意思是留住、约束住，选项C是正确答案。 25．答案B。细节理解题。原文最后一段说明了树木的水土保持作用，树根切碎了泥 土，让雨水渗入，从而保持了土壤，防止其流失，另一方面又防止雨水流走，形成洪水， 所以选项B“树木通过让雨水流入封防止在大雨时形成洪水”是正确答案。 26.B 27.B 28.C 29.A 30.B 31．答案C。此题的考点为定语从句的引导词。根据题意答案为C。 32．答案C。此题的考点为虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反。所以答案为C。 33．答案B。phenomenon为单数形式的名词，所以谓语动词应用单数形式，所以答案 为B。 34．答案D。which为引导词，引导非限定性定语从句，代表整个句子，所以答案为D。 35．答案C。考点为形容词的比较级、原级的区别，A，B和C选项应该有比较的对象，所以答案为C。 36．答案B。考点为让步状语从句，根据题意“他决心无论花多长时间都要完成这项 工作”。此题答案为B。 37．答案C。hardly位于句首，整个句子需要部分倒装。所以答案为C。 38．答案C。有否定意义的副词位于句首，整个句子要倒装，所以答案为C。 39．答案A。at one’s rate意为“以.... „ 的速度”，所以答案为A。 40．答案A。release意为“释放、准予发表”；relieve意为“减轻、解除”；relate意为“使有关系”；retain意为“保留、维持”。所以答案为A。 41．答案C。spoil有宠坏某人的意思。所以答案为C。 42．答案D。ignore意为“忽视、忽略”；neglect意为“不注意、不顾”；refuse意为“拒绝”；deny意为“拒绝、否定”。所以答案为D。 43．答案D。根据题意该题答案为D，意为“尽管”。 44．答案C。sufficient意为“足够的、富足的”；effective意为“有效的”；efficient意为“有能力的、有效率的”；respective意为“各自的、分别的”。所以答案选C。 45．答案C。progress意为“促进”；proceed意为“进行”；promote意为“推销”；propose意为“建议、计划”。所以答案选C。 46. 答案A。考点为固定搭配。Far and wide = everywhere:到处，四面八方；by far = by a great amount: 很多，与形容词和副词的比较级和最高级时连用时置于这一类词 之后， 47. 答案C。考点为固定搭配。 48. 答案D。考点为句子结构。“His gift „ made Hawking an instant celebrity and (made) his book a bestseller”为主句，“revealing „”为介宾，“that „ ”引导定 语从句；被动语态在此不符合逻辑。 49．答案A。考点国固定搭配。earn a place in: 获得一席之地；fame 是不可数名词，achieve a fame 用法错误，应去掉a，意为获取名利； 50. 答案B。考点为定语从句。Who在定语从句中担任方语，其他关系代词与关系副 词与文意不符。 51．答案C。考点为语篇分析能力。根据上下文，在此只能选except: 除 „ „ 之外，其他介词文意不符。 52．答案B。考点为词汇辨析能力。Incredible: 难以置信的；difficult与very程度不够；surprising修辞不当。 53．答案B。考点为词汇辨析能力。Positive: 积极向上的人生观；negative: 消极悲观的人生观；sensitive: 敏感；aggressive: 好攻击性的。 54．答案A。考点为语法结构。当what 从句做主语时，谓语部分必须是单数形式。 55．答案B。考点为句法结构。As „as 接平级比较的肯定结构：与 „ „ 一样，用法：as + adj/adv/numeral (数) + as + n/pron/clause. （略） 1.A 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.D 6.D 7.A 8.D 9.B 10.C 11.B 12.D 13.C 14.D 15.C 16.B 17.A 18.D 19.C 20.B 21.D 22.C 23.D 24.A 25.C 26.-30（略） 31.A 32.B 33.C 34.A 35.C 36.A 37.C 38.A 39.B 40.D 41.A 42.B 43.D 44.C 45.A 46.C 47.D 48.B 49.A 50.D 51.D 52.B 53.B 54.C 55.A （略） 1.B 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.D 9.C 10.C 11.D 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.D 16.A 17.C 18.B 19.C 20.D 21.C 22.C 23.A 24.C 25.C 26.-30（略） 31.D 32.B 33.B 34.A 35.C 36.B 37.B 38.C 39.D 40.B 41.A 42.B 43.B 44.D 45.D 46.B 47.B 48.D 49.C 50.A 51.B 52.D 53.C 54.B 55.A （略） 1.从本题的对话可以看出，第一说话人想与对方的经理谈谈价格问题.如果经理不在，礼貌的回答需表示歉意，并说明理由，因此最佳答案是A. 2.从本题的对话可以看出，第一说话人想借用对方的照相机，在征求对方的意见，对方表 示乐意，因此 最佳的选择是C. 3从本题的对话可以看出，第一说话人在问主席是否可以对计划提个问题，答案为A. 4本题的第一说话人在礼貌地请对方再给他一份讲义.答案为B. 5本题的第一说话人想跟对方一起，在征求对方的意见.如果拒绝，通过要表示歉意.如果同意，通常 可明确表示，因此答案选择C. 6本题的第一说话人的祖母病了，在告诉对方这一情况，并说得去医院看望.听到这种消息通常要表示关心，因此最佳选择是B. 7本题的第一说话人在向对方表示祝贺，通常的回答是表示感谢，因此选择A. 8本题的第一说话人在问对方那边的那个人是谁.如果认识，回答时要说出那个人的名字， 因此选择B. 9本题的第一说话人在参加聚会后向主人告辞，并感谢主人的邀请，这里最佳的回答是B. 10本题的第一说话人想去纽约，在问标价是多少，而对方没能听清楚他的话，顺此最佳的 选择是A. 11.答案B.文章第一段“当我们回顾过去，像这些疑问可能使我们感觉糟糕.但当我们回顾过去，为时已晚”，由此推断说话者认为可能在过去他未能“读懂”朋友的真实感受. 12.答案C.作者在第二段提到But bringing in the “dog” bit puts you down a little,意思是用 “dog”这样的词使你有点出洋相，所以C项 “有时说话者所用的词会暴露其 真实情感”的说法正确. 13.答案C.这道题是关于全文中心思想的.第一段讲的是我们在理解别人话语时会犯错误;第二段解释为什么会犯错误;最和一段告诉我们如何避免犯错. 14答案C.最后一段作者以四个反问句说明了应如何听别人讲话，选项C将这四点总结起来了. 15答案A.文章最后一段即是作者的建议，尤其最后一句“花点时间想想人们话里的真实 含意可能避免另一个错误”，由此推断选项A正确.而选项B和D的说法片面，选项C和原文意思相去甚远. 16答案D.这是一道关于文中时间的细节题.第一段第四句Cardinal Richelieu turned it into a prison中turn„into„ 意思为使成为.因此，自从Cardinal Richelieu统治时起，巴士底成为监狱. 17答案A.因为第一段中It was not an ordinary prison to punish common crimes和Its huge doors closed only on enemies of the King表示选项A“任何做错事的人可 能会突然发现自己关进巴士底监狱”说法错误.选项B和C均在第一段提到，D在第二段提及. 18答案D.本题关键是是否理解了最后一段第二句The day it was captured, only seven prisoners were found inside 中capture一词的含义，即攻占、攻陷.然而文章第二段第二句有干扰作用，“到它陷落时为止，绝大多数(入狱过的)犯人是提笔反对政府贪污腐 败的作家”，佷多会因此选择B或C. 19.答案C.本题考查对句子的理解.从文章第一段最后两句worst of all, a prisoner never knew if he would be there a day, a week, a year, or forever 和Only the King’s letter could set him free理解，选项A错而C正确.第二段第一句Over the years the number of arrests by King’s letter had become fewer将选项B推翻.文章最后两句表明人们仍然憎恨国王的专断独权，因此D错. 20.答案D.本题是中心思想题.文章主要是简短地介绍巴士底监狱的历史. 21答案C. “Subscribe to”意思是“订阅”，即选项C的释义.而选项A指“去报摊购买”;B指“将自己的新闻故事投稿”;D指“成为忠实读者”. 22答案A. “Widespread”意思是“普及的、普遍的”.文章第一句就表明读报的习惯现 在很普遍，“几乎每个家庭每天才要买至少一份报纸”. 23答案D. 本题关键是对第二段第二句The news passed by word of mouth and was never accurate 中word of mouth这一细节的理解，意思为“消息是靠人们嘴巴传话并且从不 准确”. 24答案C. 文章第三段中They pay the newspapers„,but it is worth the money for news of their products„in the country这一句委婉地表达了作者赞同在广告上的花费是值 得的. 25答案A. 第二段第一句中took months and even years证明选项A中a long time正确.选项B的含义和第三段第二句的表达正相反;选项C明显错误;文章最后一句“从广告上赚的钱使报纸制造者低价卖报并赢利成为可能”表明选项D错. 26---30 ADACB Section A 31答案B. 本题考查虚拟语气用法.“if only”意思为“但愿，要是„就好了”，由if only引导的句子谓语动词需用虚拟语气. 如果表示现在的愿望，用would/could+ do.如果表示与过支事实相反的愿望，用would/could+ have done.根据本题干的后半部分，可知句子 表示的是与现在事实相反的愿望，故选B. 32答案A. 本题考查隐含虚拟条件句. 名词短语five minutes earlier, 实际相当于if we had arrived five minutes earlier,主句通常由and引出. 题意为: 如果早到五分钟, 我们就可以赶上最后一趟火车. 故选A. 33答案C. 本题考查主谓一致问题. 本题的主语是a suitcase,谓语动词应该用第三人称 单数, 不受with 的影响, 故选答案C. 34答案A. 本句是一个词组的考查题, 主要是考查can’t help doing这个固定搭配，意 为“禁不住做某事”。这个结构可以插入but进行强调，其结构为can’t help but do. 35答案C. 此句实际上是一个虚拟语气句，不要以为是一般过去时. Wish做动词引出的宾语从句要用过去时，one’s wish was that „ (should) do 是固定用法，故答案为C. 36答案B. furniture为不可数名词，故不能用those或one代替，而that可指代不可数名词和可数名词. 37答案C. There’s no point (in) doing sth. 是固定用法，表示“做 „ „ 没有什么意义(用处)等”，类似的还有There’s no use (help, significance) (in) doing sth. . 38答案C. 这是一个现在分词的完成被动式短语在句中做状语，它所表示的分词的动作既 先于主语的谓语动词，又表明主语是被动的，因此应用现在分词的被动语态. 39答案B. 考点为短语动词辨析. 答案项中的四个副词都可以和动词turn搭配构成词turn back意为“(使)折回，往回走”; turn up意为“出现，来到”; turn over意为“ (使) 翻过来”; turn down意为“拒绝(某人或其请求)”. 由此可见，只有turn up 符合原句意思. 故正确答案为B. 40答案A. 考点为近义动词的用法. 四个答案项中能跟to搭配使用的只有A和C. contribute to 为“造成”之意，而refer to 意为“提及”. 根据句意，答案应为A. 41答案C. 根据句子的意思是“他们不能生孩子，但希望能收养一个小男孩”. 42答案C. 考点为动词的词义辨析. 这句话是说明一种情况，即大学生对将来工作(future employment)的一种期望，而不是真的去找工作，所以只有C意为“期望”,符合此意. 而A意为“申请”，B意为“要求”，D意为“假定，猜想”，三项均不符合句意，故正确答 案是C. 43答案A. 考点为形容词的词义辨析. 四个答案项的意思分别为：A意为“明智的，明白事理的”;B意为“敏感的”;C意为“严厉的”;D意为“庄严的”. 根据后半句中never makes unreasonable demands 意为“从不提无理要求”的意思来推断，正确答案是A. 44答案B. 此题是一道副词测试题. 对于词汇类题目，考生首先应明白各词的意思. Obviously为“明显地”; surprisingly是“使人惊奇地，出人意料地”; particularly 是“特别地，尤其”; normally是“正常、通常地”. 因此，B最合题意. 45答案D. in an emergency“在危急时刻”，为一个常用短语. In affair, in accident, in incident三个词组都是“在事件中”的意思. 而题意为: 她很能干，在危急时可以信 赖. 因此答案D. 46答案B. 考点为词义辨析. Leaving home for a while 与 the start of leaving for good分别表示离家一段时间与打算永远离开家. abandon: 摒弃、放弃; head for: 前往某地. 47答案A. 考点为词组辨析. 48答案D. 考点为固定搭配. On your own = 1. alone: 独自地，例: I’ve been living on my own for four years now. He didn’t want to be left on his own; 2. without anyone’s help: 不需要别人帮助、独自地完成. 49答案C. 考点为句子结构. Chances are „ = it is likely that „ : 有强能做某事, 例: If you eat balanced, low – fat diet, chances are your arteries will be healthy. make sure 与most likely句法不对. 50答案A. 考点为词组搭配. Keep in touch with sb = contact [ vt ] sb = keep in contact with sb = communicate with sb: 与人交往. 51答案B. 52答案D. 考点为词义搭配. Develop = grow: 变大; 加剧. 53答案B. 考点为连词. Because of + 原因, 表示因为; owing to + 原因 = because of 表示因为(正式用语); thanks to 表示多亏了; result in + 结果, 表示导致了什么结果. 54答案C. 考点为连词. once 表示一旦; provided that = providing 表示在 „„ 条 件之下; 倘若、除非. 55答案A. 考点词义辨析. (略) 1.B 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.A 10.C 11.D 12.D 13.C 14.B 15.D 16.A 17.D 18.D 19.B 20.D 21.D 22.C 23.D 24.A 25.B 26.A 27.C 28.B 29.D 30.D 31.A 32.C 33.C 34.B 35.C 36.C 37.B 38.C 39.B 40.B 41.D 42.A 43.D 44.B 45.B 46.B 47.A 48.C 49.D 50.A 51.D 52.B 53.C 54.A 55.B （略）