高中英语语法易错点解析

高中英语语法易错点解析 一．语法要点概述 英语语法主要分为两部分，即词法和句法。 此外，还包括构词法和语音知识。 词法主要研究十种词汇的特性和用法。这十种词类是名词、冠词、 数词、代词、形容词、副词、动词、介词、连词和感叹词。 动词是词法研究的主要对象，它包含以下十一项内容，即动词形 式、动词分类、情态动词、助动词、短语动词、时态、语态、语气、 不定式、动名词和分词。 句法知识主要包含以下七项：句子种类、各种从句、主谓一致、 倒装、there be句型、it的用法和省略。 构词法主要是说明英语的三种构词方式：合成（classroom）、转换和派生（前后缀） 语音知识则介绍48个音素的读音方式及单词的读音规律。 二、中学英语语法易错点解析(一) （一） 名词 名词的单复数变化和所有格是易错之处。 1. I have got a good news in the newspaper. news为不可数名词，不可说a good news。一些汉语概念为可数 的词在英语中却是不可数的， 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示数量时在其前加a piece of，类似的词有：advice, bread, work, paper, chalk, furniture, information等等。 2. I learnt a lot with the help of physics teacher. 可数名词单数不能孤零零地放在句子里，或前面加冠词，或将其 变为复数。此处最好变为teachers或my physics teacher. 3. The shoe’s store is just over there. 一般表示有生命的东西的名词的所有格用’s，如 my mother’s car; 而此处适宜用名词修饰名词，改为shoe store, 又如book store, coffee cup. 4. The class is playing basketball. 一些集合名词，如看成一个整体，则用单数的谓语动词，如My class is a happy one.；如强调集合中每个个体的个人行为，则用复 数的谓语动词。此处打篮球是个体行为，应把is改为are。类似的词有：team, family, audience等。 5. These heros came back fro m the front. 初高中阶段以“o”结尾的名词中有四个词变复数时要加es，它们是tomato, potato, Negro, hero；而photo, piano, radio 则加s变复数。 6. The rooves of the house need repairing. 以f, fe结尾的词变为复数时一般去掉f, fe加ves，如knife—kni ves, thief—thieves；而roof和belief直接加s变为复数。所以应把rooves 改为roofs。 （二） 冠词 冠词的易错之处主要在a与an的区别，何时用the, 何时不用冠词。 7. The boss wants to hire an useful person. 用a还是an，取决于后面单词的第一个音标，如为元音用an，为辅音用a。useful的第一个音是辅音所以应把an改为a。类似的，我们说 a European country, a university, a one-eyed man. 8. Hotel is a building where people can stay. hotel 为可数名词单数，不能单独放在句中，应在其前加冠词或 把它变为复数，而本句后有a building，因此只能在其前面加a，变为A hotel。 9. He played a violin at the party yesterday. 把a改为the，因为乐器前用定冠词。 10. The war ended in 1940s. 在in后加the，因为表示年代用in加the再加几十的复数，如在 八十年代是in the 80s。 11. Bush went to school by the bus every day. 去掉the，因为表示交通方式用by直接加交通工具，如by car, by train, by bike等，但具体某一工具时，要加the, 如on the bus, in the car等。 （三） 代词 使用代词时请注意其单、复数，主、 宾格以及形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法。不定代词如another, others, both, few也是易错之处。 12. He is one of those teachers who make his ideas perfectly clear. 定语从句的先行词是those teachers，为复数，因此从句中的指示 代词应为复数，应把his改为their。 13. Whom do you think is the best player? 放在疑问句特殊疑问词后的do you think/believe/guess/imagine/s uppose等都不参与句子成分，把它们去掉后，疑问词在句中做主语用 主格，做宾语用宾格。本句中去掉do you think后缺的是主语，应把 Whom改为Who。 14. He wrote to who invited him. 此处应将who 改为whoever, 因为whoever 意为anyone who。 15. These pencils are mine; those in the bag are her. her 是形容词性物主代词，后面应该加名词pencils，或把her改 为hers。 （四） 数词 数词应注意基数词和序数词的表达方式。 16. Three hundreds workers work here. Hundred/thousand/million/score/dozen 等词前有具体数字时其后 不加s，前面没有具体数字时在其后加s和of，表示大约几百几千的 概念。如two hundred students(两百个学生), hundreds of students(成百上千个学生). 例句中应把hundreds改为hundred。 17. The city is twice as larger as that one. 表倍数关系的as---as中间只能用形容词和副词的原级. 因此把larger改为 large. 18. Alice is a seven-years-old girl.. 几个单词由连字符连接而组成的复合形容词中的名词只能用单 数, 所以把years改为year. 19. Three fourth of the work has been done. 英语表达中分数的分子用基数词, 分母用序数词, 分子大于一时分母后要加s, 所以应把fourth改为fourths. （五） 形容词和副词 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级是应注意 的重点. 20. The young man seemed nervously when he talked to the d octor. seemed 在此是个系动词, 其后应接形容词作表语. 所以把nervously改为nervous. 21. The students of No.4 High School are working hardly to p ass the exams. 此句需要一个副词来修饰, hardly是副词,但意为 “几乎不”, hard也可以是副词, 表努力, 因此把hardly改为hard. 另外，像late是晚，lately则为最近。 22. The singer is more better than that one. more 只构成比较级, 而不能修饰比较级. 因此把more去掉，也可以把more 换为better。 23. He is the most handsome of the two players. 两者相比较时, 比较级前用定冠词, 三者或三者以上才用most, 因此把most改为more. 又如：He is the taller of the two. 24. He is less taller than I. 表不如---时用less加上形容词和副词的原级, 因此把taller改为t all. 25. The film is fairly more exciting than that one. fairly 只能修饰形容词和副词的原级, 可以修饰比较级的副词或 短语有: much, even, still, far, a lot, a little, a bit, any, no, by far, rather等, 因此把fairly改为rather. 26. This is as an interesting a picture as the one in the book. as---as 中间的词序是as, 形容词, a(n), 名词, as, 因此应改为as interesting a picture as the one. 27. The weather here is hotter than Boston. 同样的事物才能相比较, weather 和 Boston 不具有可比性, 因此应改为The weather here is nicer than that of Boston. 又如：The students here are taller than those in Japan. 28. Bob studies English harder than any student in his class. Bob 属于他班级里的一员, 与班里任何一个人相比时应把本身 排除掉, 在any 后加上other, 也可以说anyone else in his class. 29. The more I learn, the happy I am. the+比较级，the+比较级表示越……越，此处应将happy改为ha ppier. 30. Is there important anything at the meeting? 修饰anything, something, everything, nothing 的形容词都要放在它们的后面. 31. I never have seen such a film before. 像never之类的副词在句中应放在be动词、助动词之后, 实意动词之前.因此应改为I have never seen such a film before. 此类副词还有always, often, seldom等。 32. The film is worth to be seen. be worth doing 意为值得被做，是用主动表被动。因此改为The film is worth seeing. 33. It is sure that they will come here. sure 的主语只能为人, 而certain 的主语可为人和物. 因此把sure改为certain. 34. The man is considered as one of the best alive writers at present. alive 为表语形容词, 偶尔也做后置定语. 因此把alive改为livin g,或把alive放在writers后面. 表语形容词还有afraid, alone, awake, asleep, ill等。 35. I know that he has finished the work yet. yet 用于否定和疑问句, already 用于肯定句. 把yet改为already. 36. The school is three times the large of that one. 此句应将large 改为size, 又如：The box is four times the weight o f that one. 倍数后应接the 加名词。 六）介词 介词与名词，动词，形容词的搭配是易错之处 37. The article is good except a few spelling mistakes. 此句应在except 后加for, 表示美中不足之意。而except 用来排 除同类的人或物，如：They all went there except Tom. 38. Please wait me at the station. wait 为不及物动词, 需加介词for后才能再跟名词或代词做宾语，但后面接时间，则不用for, 如I have waited 3 hours. 39. He has been married with Betty for more than twenty year s. marry 不跟with 连用, 应把with改为to. 40. I finished the work on time under the help of him. “在---的帮助下”用with而不用under，在……领导或统治下用u nder, 如under the rule of these landlords. （七）情态动词 请注意情态动词表示判断和反意问句的构成 41. He can be at work now because the light in his room is s till on. 表特别有把握的肯定判断时用must，表特别有把握的否定判断 时用can’t，can表判断时只用在否定句中。因此把can改为must。 42. He need come here before the meeting begins. 作情态动词时need用在否定，疑问和条件句中，不能用于肯定 句中，而作实意动词时则常用于肯定句。所以应改为：He needs to come here before the meeting begins. 43. He used to get up very early in the morning, and now he is still doing so. used to 用来表示过去常常做某事而现在不做了，所以应把后半 句改为: but now he is not doing so. 44. I needn’t come yesterday because all the work had been fi nished. 由于情态动词本身不体现时态，所以在谈论过去的事情时在情态 动词后加have done，因此在needn’t后加have，表示本不需要来而实际来了。 45. You hadn’t better stay up too late because you have to ge t up early tomorrow. had better 的否定在better后面加not. 另外几个否定句式，I would rather not, I don’t have to， I oughtn’t to do, 均需注意。 （八）动词的时态 英语的常用时态有七种，一般根据上下文和时间状语来确定时 态。 46. Mother will give him the gift when she will come tomorro w. 主句为将来时，其时间、条件、方式和让步状语从句中用一般现 在时。因此将will come改为comes。又如，I won’t go unless he goes there next week. 47. The talk is about to begin in ten minutes. be about to 一般不与具体的时间状语连用。因此把in ten minu tes去掉，或将about 改为going。 48. The boy opened his eyes for a moment, looking at the cap tain and then died. 此处look并非伴随状语，而是三个并列的谓语动词，因此把loo king改为looked。又如，He got there, bought some presents and vi sited his aunt. 49. I have bought this radio for ten years and I am still using it now. 当句中有for加一段时间作状语时，谓语动词必须为延续性动词， 此处把bought改为kept。常用的瞬间动词有：join, leave, come, die, begin, end, arrive, reach等。 50. I haven’t learnt any French before I came here. 我来这儿已经是过去的动作，在此之前发生的事应该用过去完成 时。因此应把haven’t改为hadn’t。又如：By the end of last century they had built 100 bridges. （九）动词的语态 及物动词用在主动语态时要有宾语，因此可以变为被动语态；不 及物动词用于主动语态时不能接宾语，因此无被动语态。 51. The two thieves have been disappeared. disappear为不及物动词，因此不能用于被动语态，应把been去掉。常考的不及物动词及词组有go, arrive, break out, take off, belo ng to等。 52. The building built now will be our teaching building. 表“现在正在建的”应用被动语态的正在进行时，因此在built前加being。不加being则表示已盖完了。 53. He is being operated by the famous doctor. 主动语态变为被动语态时，应注意短语动词的完整性，别忘了介 词或副词。“给---做手术”应为operate on sb.，所以在operated后加上on。又如：The child should be taken good care of. 54. The work should do at once. 情态动词的被动语态应在情态动词后加be, 改为should be done。 55. The book written by him is sold well. 说一本书畅销是指书本身的属性，因此不用被动语态。本句应改 为：The book written by him sells well. 但表示被卖出去了，则要 用被动。如，The books are sold out. 56．The book is happened to get in the store . happen 不能有被动，而不定式to get 则应用被动式。此句改成 The book happened to be got in the dtore. （十）非谓语动词 非谓语动词包括动词不定式、分词和动名词。所谓非谓语即在句 中不作谓语。 57.We are going to talk ab out the problem discussing at the last meeting. 此处为分词作定语，问题应该被讨论，所以把discussing改为discussed。 过去分词表示被动和完成，而现在分词表示主动和正在。 58. The girl dressed herself in red is my sister. dress 为及物动词，意为“给---穿衣服”，此处为分词作定语修饰 girl，girl应是它的逻辑宾语，因此把herself去掉。dress表动作后面应接人，如She dressed herself this morning. 59. Being seriously ill, his classmates sent him to hospital. 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语为这句话的主语，此句应为“因为他病了，他的同学才把他送到医院去”，因此把前半句改为：He being seriously ill, 或Because he was seriously ill. 60. Having not seen her for many years, we could hardly recognize her. 现在分词的否定应把not放在现在分词前面，所以前半句应改为： Not having seen her for many years。又如：Not hearing from her, they looked worried. 61. Seeing from the space, the earth looks like a ball. 分词作状语，其逻辑主语应是这句话的主语，此句中地球应该被 看，所以把Seeing改为Seen。 62. English is easy to learn it. 此句中是不定式作状语修饰easy，English应该是learn的逻辑宾 语，所以把it去掉，又如，The work is difficult to do. 63. I will get somebody repair the recorder for you. “让某人做某事”可以有以下几种表达法：make sb do sth; have sb do sth; get sb to do sth。因此在repair前加to。又如宾语后省掉to的还 有let, feel, hear, see等。 64. She decided to work harder so as to not fall behind the others. 不定式的否定把not放在to前面。因此应改为：She decided to work harder so as not to fall behind the others. 65. It’s better to laugh than crying. 表比较时比较的双方应为同种结构，或都是动名词或都是不定 式。因此有两种改法：It’s better to laugh than to cry.或It’s better laughing than crying. 66. It’s no use to send for the doctor. 做某事是没用的要说成It’s no use doing，所以把to send改为sending。同样的结构还有it’s no good doing sth 67. She practises to play the piano after school every day. practise 后只跟动名词作宾语，因此把to play改为playing。其后只接doing 的动词和短语还有：enjoy, finish, mind, consider, imagine, give up, put off 等。 68. When the teacher came in, the students stopped listening to the teacher. stop doing为停止做这件事，而stop to do为停下正在做的事去做另一件事。所以后半句应该为：the students stopped to listen to the teacher. 接to do和doing意思不一样的动词还有forget, remember, regret 等。