[初三英语]人教版 初一至初三全程英语知识点总结及练习

[初三英语]人教版 初一至初三全程英语 知识点 高中化学知识点免费下载体育概论知识点下载名人传知识点免费下载线性代数知识点汇总下载高中化学知识点免费下载 总结及练习 人教版初一至初三全程英语知识点总结及练习 初一年级(上) 【知识梳理】 7. Where is„? It’s„. 10. Who’s on duty today? I. 重点短语 8. How old are you? I’m„. 11. Let’s do. 1. Sit down 9. What class are you in? I’m in„. 12. Let me see. 2. on duty 10. Welcome to„. IV. 重要语法 3. in English 11. What’s „plus„? It’s„. 1. 动词be的用法; 4. have a seat 12. I think„ 2. 人称代词和物主代词的用法; 5. at home 13. Who’s this? This is„. 3. 名词的单复数和所有格的用法; 6. look like 14. What can you see, I can see„. 4. 冠词的基本用法; 7. look at 15. There is (are) „. 5. There be句型的用法。 8. have a look 16. What colour is it (are they)? It’s (They’【名师讲解】 9. come on re)„ 1. in/on 10. at work 17. Whose „is this? It’s„. 在 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示空间位置时，in表示在某个空间的范围11. at school 18. What time is it? It’s„. 以内，on表示在某一个物体的表面之上。例如: 12. put on III. 交际用语 There is a bird in the tree. 树上有只鸟。 13. look after 1. Good morning, Miss/Mr„. There is a picture on the wall. 墙上有张14. get up 2. Hello! Hi! 图。 15. go shopping 3. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too. 2. this/that/these/those II. 重要句型 4. How are you? I’m fine, thank you/thanks. And (1)this常常用来指在时间、地点上更接近讲话人1. help sb. do sth. you? 的人和事，these是this的复数形式。that常2. What about„? 5. See you. See you later. 常用来指在时间、地点上离讲话人更远一点的3. Let’s do sth. 6. Thank you! You’re welcome. 人和事，those时that的复数形式。例如: 4. It’s time to do sth. 7. Goodbye! Bye! You look in this box and I’ll look in that 5. It’s time for „ 8. What’s your name? My name is „. one over there.你看看这个盒子，我去看那边6. What’s„? It is„/ It’s„ 9. Here you are. This way, please. 的那个盒子。 1 I want this car, not that car. 我想要这辆总之，There be结构强调的是一种客观存在的"What can you see in the picture? 你能在 小汽车，不是那一辆。 有"。have表示"拥有，占有，具有"，即:某人有某图上看到什么, Take these books to his room, please. 请物(sb. have / has sth.)。主语一般是名词或代词，Look at the blackboard. What did you see 把这些 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 拿到他房间去。 与主语是所属关系。例如: on it?看黑板～你看到了什么, This is mine; that’s yours. 这个是我的，(4) I have two brothers and one sister.我有 (3)watch“观看，注视”，侧重于场面，表示那个是你的。 两个兄弟，一个姐姐。 These are apples; those are oranges. 这些(5) That house has four rooms.那所房子有四全神贯注地观看、观察或注视某事务的活动，强调 是苹果，那些是橘子。 个房间。 过程，常用于“看电视、看足球、看演出”等。如: (2)在打电话的用语中，this常常指的是我，that4. look/ see/ watch Yesterday we watched a football match on TV.常常指的是对方。例如: (1)look 表示“看、瞧”，着重指认真看，强调昨天我们从电视上看了一场足球比赛。 This is Mary speaking. Who’s that? 我是看的动作，表示有意识地注意看，但不一定看4. put on/ / in 玛丽。你是谁, 到，以提醒对方注意。，如: 3. There be/ have put on意为“穿上，戴上”。主要指“穿上” Look! The children are playing computer There be "有"，其确切含意为"某处或某时存这一动作, 后面接表示服装、鞋帽的名词。 在某人或某物。"其结构是:There be + 某人或某games. 瞧～孩子们在玩电脑游戏。 in 是介词，表示“穿着”强调状态。在句中可物 + 表示地点或时间的状语。There be 后面的名Look! What’s that over there? 看～那边以做定语、标语和状语。如: 词实际上是主语，be 动词的形式要和主语在数上保那个是什么, It’s cold outside, put on your coat. 外面持一致，be动词后面的名词是单数或不可数名词时 单独使用是不及物动词，如强调看某人/物，其用is，名词是复数时用are。例如: 冷，穿上你的外衣。 后接介词at，才能带宾语，如: (1) There is a big bottle of coke on the table. He puts on his hat and goes out. 他戴上帽桌上有一大瓶子可乐。 He’s looking at me。他正在看着我。 子，走了出去。 (2) There is a doll in the box. 那个盒子里(2)see强调“看”的结果，着重的是look这个The woman in a white blouse is John’s mother.有个娃娃。 动作的结果，意思是“看到”，see是及物动词，后穿白色衬衣的那个妇女是John的妈妈。 (3) There are many apples on the tree. 那树 面能直接跟宾语。如: 上有许多苹果。 5. house/ home/family house :“房子”，指居住的建筑物; Home: 2 “家”，指一个人同家人共同经常居住的地方; 4. 冠词的基本用法; Lucy looks nice. 露西看上去很漂亮。 Family: “家庭“，“家庭成员”。例如: 5. There be句型的用法。 These coats are very nice. 那些裙子很好 Please come to my house this afternoon. 今6. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型; 看。 天下午请到我家来。 7. 本单元学过的日常交际用语。 Nice to meet you. 见到你很高兴。 He is not at home. 他不在家。 考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空、 It's very nice of you. 你真好。 My family all get up early. 我们全家都起完成句子。 得很早。 【中考范例】 (3)good形容人时指"品德好"，形容物时指"质 1. (2004年北京市中考试题) 6. fine, nice, good, well 量好"，是表示人或物各方面都好的普通用 Mary, please show ________ your picture. 四者都可用作形容词表示"好"之意，但前三者语。例如: A. my B. mine C. I D. me 既可作表语又可作定语，而后者仅用作表语。主要Her son is a good student. 她儿子是一个【解析】答案:D。该题考查的是人称代词和物区别在于: 好学生。 主代词的用法。本题中动词show后面跟双宾语，空 (1) fine指物时表示的是质量上的"精细"，形白处应填入人称代词的宾格me作宾语。 The red car is very good. 那辆红色小汽 2. (2004年上海市徐汇区中考试题) 容人时表示的是"身体健康"，也 车很好。 _________ orange on the desk is for you, Mike. 可以用来指"天气晴朗"。例如: (4)well只可用来形容人的"身体好"，但不能 A. A B.An C. / D. The Your parents are very fine. 你父母身体作定语，它也能用作副词作状语，多放在所【解析】答案:D。该题考查的是冠词的基本用 很健康。 修饰的动词之后。例如: 法。因为是特指课桌上的那个橘子，所以用定冠词 That's a fine machine. 那是一台很好的the。 I'm very well, thanks. 我身体很好，谢谢。 3. (2004年哈尔滨市中考试题) 机器。 My friends sing well. 我的朋友们歌唱得 ---What _______ the number of the girls in It's a fine day for a walk today. 今天好。 your class? 是散步的好时候。 【考点扫描】 ---About twenty. 中考考点在本单元主要集中在: (2)nice主要侧重于人或物的外表，有"美好"， A. is B. am C. are D. be 1. 动词be的用法; "漂亮"的意思，也可用于问候或赞扬别人。【解析】答案:A。该题考查的是动词be的用2. 人称代词和物主代词的用法; 法和主谓一致。the number作主语，应该是单数第例如: 3. 名词的单复数和所有格的用法; 3 三人称，动词be变为is。 A. will have B. is going to be C. has D. “在某个地方存在某个人或物”，不能和动词have4. (2004年陕西省中考试题) is going to have 混在一起用。 There _______ a football match on TV this 【解析】答案:B。该题考查的是There be„句 evening. 型和动词have用法区别。There be句型本身就表示 初一年级(下) 【知识梳理】 18. have breakfast 6. How do you spell „? I. 重点短语 19. have lunch 7. May I borrow„? 1. a bottle of 20. have supper III. 交际用语 2. a little 21. listen to 1. —Thanks very much! 3. a lot (of) 22. not„at all —You're welcome. 4. all day 23. put„away 2. Put it/them away. 5. be from 24. take off 3. What's wrong? 6. be over 25. throw it like that 4. I think so. 7. come back 26. would like I don't think so. 8. come from 27. in the middle of the day 5. I want to take some books to the classroom. 9. do one’s homework 28. in the morning / afternoon/ evening 6. Give me a bottle of orange juice, please. 10. do the shopping 29. on a farm Please give it / them back tomorrow. OK. 11. get down 30. in a factory 9. What's your favourite sport? 12. get home II. 重要句型 10. Don't worry. 13. get to 1. Let sb. do sth. 11.I’m (not) good at basketball. 14. get up 2. Could sb. do sth.? 12. Do you want a go? 15. go shopping 3. would like sth. 13. That's right./ That‘s all right./ All right. 16. have a drink of 4. would like to do sth. 14. Do you have a dictionary / any dictionaries? 17. have a look 5. What about something to eat? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. 4 15. We / They have some CDs. 5(一般现在时构成和用法; Can you make a paper boat for me? 你能为我 We / They don’t have any CDs. 6(可数名词和不可数名词的构成和用法 做个纸船吗, 16. ---What day is it today / tomorrow? 【名师讲解】 He’s doing his homework now.他正在做他的作 1. That's right./ That‘s all right./ All right. ---It’s Monday. 业。 17. ---May I borrow your colour pens, please? That’s right意为“对的”，表示赞同对方的3. say/speak/talk/tell ---Certainly. Here you are. 意见 文理分科指导河道管理范围浙江建筑工程概算定额教材专家评审意见党员教师互相批评意见 、看法或行为，肯定对方的答案或判断。例如: say:是最口语化的最普通的一个词，意为“说18. ---Where are you from? "I think we must help the old man.""我想我出”、“说道”，着重所说的话。如: ---From Beijing. 们应该帮助这位老人。" “I want to go there by bus” , he said . 他19. What's your telephone number in New York? "That's right."或 "You're right.""说得对"。 说，“我要坐汽车到那里去。” 20. ---Do you like hot dogs? That’s all right.意为“不用谢”、“没Please say it in English .请用英语说。 ---Yes, I do. ( A little. / A lot. / Very 关系”，用来回答对方的致谢或道歉。例如: speak : “说话”，着重开口发声，不着重much.) "Many thanks." "That's all right." 所说的内容，一般用作不及物动词 (即后面不能 ---No, I don't. ( I don't like them at all.) "Sorry. It's broken." "That's all right." 直接接宾语 ) 。如: 21. ---What does your mother like? All right.意为“行了”、“可以”，表示同意Can you speak about him? 你能不能说说他的情 ---She likes dumplings and vegetables very 对方的建议或要求。有时还可以表示“身体况, much. 很好” I don’t like to speak like this. 我不喜欢22. ---When do you go to school every day? 这样说话。 "Please tell me about it." "请把此事告诉我。 ---I go to school at 7:00 every day. speak 作及物动词解时，只能和某种语言等" 23. ---What time does he go to bed in the 连用，表达在对话中恰当使用词汇的能力。如: "All right.""好吧。" evening? She speaks English well.她英语说得好。 Is your mother all right?你妈身体好吗 ---He goes to bed at 10:00. talk : 与 speak 意义相近，也着重说话的 2. make/do IV. 重要语法 动作，而不着重所说的话，因此，一般也只用作 这两个词都可以解释为“做”，但含义却不同，1.人称代词的用法; 不及物动词， 不过，talk 暗示话是对某人说的， 不能混用。make指做东西或制东西，do指做一件具2. 祈使句; 有较强的对话意味，着重指连续地和别人谈话。 体的事。 3. 现在进行时的构成和用法; 如: 4(动词have的用法; 5 I would like to talk to him about it . 我想5. like doing sth./ like to do sth. 某事(不属于树本身生长出的别的东西)落在树上，跟他谈那件事。 like doing sth. 与like to do sth. 意思相表示树的枝、叶、花、果等长在树上时，要使用on the Old women like to talk with children.老年妇同，但用法有区别。前者强调一般性的爱好或者表tree.如: 女喜欢和孩子们交谈。 示动作的习惯性和经常性;后来表示一次性和偶然 There are some apples on the tree. 那棵树上 tell : “告诉”，除较少情况外，一般后面性的动作。例如: 有些苹果。 总接双宾语。如: He likes playing football, but he doesn‘t like There is a bird in the tree. 那棵树上有只鸟。 He’s telling me a story.他在给我讲故事。 to play football with Li Ming. 8. some/ any tell a lie 撒谎 他喜欢踢足球，但是他不喜欢和李明踢。 (1)some和 any既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不tell sb. to do sth. /tell sb. not to do sth. 6. other/ others/ the other/ another 可数名词。但有以下两点需要 Miss Zhao often tells us to study hard. other表其余的，别的， 注意。 4. do cooking/ do the cooking Have you any other questions?你还有其他问题 some常用于肯定句中，any常用于否定句和疑do cooking 作“做饭”解，属泛指。do the 吗? cooking 特指某一顿饭或某一家人的饭。cooking为others 别的人，别的东西 问句中。如: 动名词，不能用作复数，但前面可用 some, much修 In the room some people are American, the There is some water in the glass. 饰。从do some cooking可引出许多类似的短语: others are French.在屋子里一些人是 Is there any water in the glass? do some washing 洗些衣服 美国人,其他的是法国人。 There isn't any water in the glass. do some shopping 买些东西 the other表另一个(二者之中)one„，the other„ (2)在说话者希望得到肯定答复的一般疑问句中，do some reading 读书 One of my two brothers studies English, the do some writing 写些东西 other studies Chinese. 或在表示请求，邀请的疑问句中，我们依然用do some fishing 钓鱼 我两个哥哥中的一个学习英文,另一个学中文。 some。如: 从以上短语可引申出另一类短语，不能用some, another表三者以上的另一个，另一些 Would you like some tea? much或定冠词。 There is room for another few books on the 9. tall/ high go shopping 去买东西 shelf.书架上还可以放点书。 (1)说人，动物，树木等有生命的东西，主要用go fishing 去钓鱼 7. in the tree/ on the tree go boating 去划船 in the tree 与 on the tree.译成中文均为"tall，不用high，例如 go swimming 去游泳 在树上"但英语中有区别。in the tree表示某人、 6 a tall woman 一个高个子妇女 Where can he be,他会在什么地方呢, (能力) a tall horse 一个高大的马 Can the news be true,这个消息会是真的 当丽丽四岁的时候她就会游泳。 (2)说一个不与地面接触的人和物的高时，要用吗, At that time we thought the story could be true. high，而不用tall，比如人站在桌子上时，飞机It surely can't be six o'clock already,(可能性) 飞上天时，例如: 不可能已经六点钟了吧, 那时我们以为所说的可能是真的。 He is high up in the tree. 他高高地爬在树You can't be hungry so soon，Tom，you've could可代替can表示现在时间的动作，但语上。 just had lunch.汤姆，你不可能饿得这么快，气较为婉转。例如: The plane is so high in the sky. 飞机在空你刚吃过午饭。 Could I speak to John，please,我能和约翰说话中这么高。 What can he mean,他会是什么意思, 吗, (3)指建筑物、山时要tall或high都可以，不过在日常会话中，can可代替may表示"允许"， Could you,在口语中表示请求对方做事。例如: high的程度比tall高。 may比较正式。例如: Could you wait half an hour,请你等半个小时好(4)high可作副词，tall不能。 You can come in any time.你随时都可以来。 吗, (5)tall的反义词为short, high的反义词为low. --- Can I use your pen,我能用你的钢笔吗, Could you please ring again at six,六点钟请10. can/ could --- Of course，you can.当然可以。 你再打电话好吗, (1) can表示体力和脑力方面的能力，或根据客You can have my seat，I'm going now.我要(4) can的形式 观条件能做某种动作的"能力 走了，你坐我的座位吧。 只有现在式can和过去式could两种形式。能表示 "。例如: (3) could 一般现在和一般过去两种时态，有时也能表示将来。 Can you ride a bike, 你会骑自行车吗, could 是 can的过去式，表示过去有过的能力和可所有其他时态(包括将来时)须用be able to加动 What can I do for you, 要帮忙吗, 能性(在否定和疑问句中)。例如: 词不定式来表示。例如: Can you make a cake,你会做蛋糕吗, The doctor said he could help him.(能力) They have not been able to come to Beijing. (2) can用在否定句和疑问句中时有时表示说话医生说他能帮助他。 他们没有能到北京来。 人的"怀疑""猜测"或不肯定。例如: Lily could swim when she was four years old.11. look for/ find 7 (be动词，情态动词和助动词)的后面，有时也示"在„„方面做得不好"。 look for 意为“寻找”，而find意为“找到， 可位于句尾。如果要加强语气，则放在句首。 Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.发现”，前者强调“找”这一动作，并不注重“找” We usually play basketball after school.做眼保健操对你的眼睛有好处。 的结果，而后者则强调“找”的结果。例如: 我们通常放学后打篮球。 Eating too much is bad for you health.吃 She can’t find her ruler. 她找不到她的尺Sometimes I go to bed early.有时，我睡觉的太多对你的身体有害。 子啦。 很早。 Miss Li is good to all of us.李老师对我们 He often reads English in the morning.所有的人都很友好。 Tom is looking for his watch，but he can’ 他经常在早晨读英语。 The boss is bad to his workers.这个老板对t find it.汤姆正在寻找他的手表，但没能找 他的工人不好。 14. How much/ How many 到。 Li Lei is good at drawing, but I'm bad at how much常用来询问某一商品的价格，常见句12. be sleeping/ be asleep it.李雷擅长画画，但是我不擅长。 式是How much is / are„? be sleeping 表示动作，意思是“正在睡觉”;16. each/ every How much is the skirt? 这条裙子多少钱, each 和every都有"每一个"的意思，但含义和be asleep 表示状态，意思是“睡着了”。如: How much are the bananas? 这些香蕉多少用法不相同。each从个体着眼，every从整体着眼。---What are the children doing in the room? each 可用于两者或两者以上，every只用于三者或钱, 孩子们在房间里做什么, 三者以上。 how much后加不可数名词，表示数量，意为“多---They are sleeping.他们正在睡觉。 We each have a new book. 少“，how many后加可数名词的复数形式。 The children are asleep now.现在孩子们睡 我们每人各有一本新书。 How much meat do you want? 你要多少肉呀, There are trees on each side of the street. 着了。 How many students are there in your 街的两旁有树。 13. often/ usually/sometimes He gets up early every morning. class? 你们班有多少人, often表示"经常"，sometimes表示"有时候"， 每天早晨他都起得早。 在表示发生频率上often要高于usually，15. be good for/ be good to/ be good at each可以用作形容词、副词和代词;every只usually要高于sometimes。这三个词表示的是经be good for 表示"对„„有好处"，而be bad 能用作形容词。 常性，一般性的动作或情况，常与一般现在时连for表示"对„„有害";be good to表示"对„„友 Each of them has his own duty. 用，常位于主要谓语动词的前面，其他谓语动词好"，而be bad to表示"对„„不好";be good at 他们各人有各人的义务。 表示"擅长，在„„方面做得好"，而be bad at表 8 They each want to do something different. 【考点扫描】 Could you help ____ with _______ English, 他们每个人都想做不同的事情。 中考考点在本单元主要集中在: please? 17. 一般现在时/现在进行时 1(动词一般现在时和现在进行时的用法，人称代词A. I, my B. me, me C. me, my D. my, I 一般现在时表示经常性的或习惯性的动作或存的用法，可数名词和不可数 【解析】答案:C。第一个空作宾语，应用人称代在的状态，也表示说话者的能力，还有自然现象;名词的构成和用法。 词的宾格me, 第二个空作定语，应用形容词性物而现在进行时表示正在进行或发生的动作(构成方2(本册书中常见的交际用语 式为am/is /are/+doing)。 3(本册书中一些重点的词组和短语 主代词my。 I do my homework in the evening. 考试形式往往是单项填空、完形填空、短文改错和3.(2004年长春市中考试题) 我在晚上做作业。 短文填空。 Dr. White can _______ French very well. I'm doing my homework now. 【中考范例】 A. speak B. talk C. say D. tell 我现在正在做作业。 1.(2004年安徽省中考试题) 【解析】答案:A。说什麽语言常用动词speak。 现在进行时常与now, these days, at the ---Hurry up! We’re all waiting for you. 4.(2004年黄冈中考试题) moment 或Look, listen等词连用;而一般现在时 ---I ________ for an important phone call. Go English is spoken by ______ people. 常与often, always, sometimes, usually, every without me. A. a lot B. much many C. a large number of day, in the morning, on Mondays等连用。 A. wait B. was waiting C. am waiting D. D. a great deal of We often clean the classroom after school. waited 【解析】答案:C。只有a large number of 能用我们经常放学后打扫教室。 【解析】答案:C。表示现在正在进行的动作，用 来修饰复数可数名词people。 Look! They are cleaning the classroom . 现在进行时。 看～他们正在打扫教室呢。 2. (2004年长春市中考试题) 初二年级(上) 【知识梳理】 I. 重点短语 1. on time 9 2. best wishes 28. next to 1.Welcome backto school! 3. give a talk 29. up and down 2.Excuse me. I’m sorry I’m late, because the 4. for example 30. keep healthy traffic is bad. 5. short for 31. grow up 3.It doesn’t matter. 6. a waste of time 32. at the same time 4.Happy Teachers’ Day ! 7. go on a field trip 33. the day before yesterday 5.That’s a good idea. 8. go fishing 35. last Saturday 6.What are you going to do, 9. I agree 36. half an hour ago 7.Where are we going ? 10. next week 37. a moment ago 8.What are we going to do ? 11. the day after tomorrow 38. just now 9.I’m good at„ 12. have a picnic 39. by the way 10.It’s not far from„ 13. have some problems doing sth. 40. all the time 11. Are you free tomorrow evening? 14. go the wrong way 41. at first 12.Would you and Lily like to come over to my 15. hurry up II. 重要句型 home for Mid-Autumn Festival? 16. get together 1. have fun doing sth. 13.I’m glad you can come. 17. in the open air 2. Why don’t you„? 14.Thanks for asking us. 18. on Mid-Autumn Day 3. We’re going to do sth. 15.How about another one? 19. come over 4. start with sth. 16.May I have a taste? 20. have to 5. Why not„? 17.Let me walk with you. 21. get home 6. Are you going to„? 18.What do you have to do? 22. agree with 7. be friendly to sb. 19.Do you live on a farm? 23. in the country 8. You’d better do sth. 20.Which do you like better, the city or the 24. in town 9. ask sb. for sth. country? 25. all the same 10. say goodbye to sb. 21.Which do you like best, dogs, cats or 26. in front of 11. Good luck(with sb)! chickens? 27. on the left/right side III. 交际用语 22.Shall we go at ten? Good idea! 10 23.---Let’s make it half past one. ---OK. We have a house in the street. 我们在街上长的。 24.---Why not come a little earlier? ---All 有座房子。 I have two brothers. One works in Xi’right. I met him on the street. 我在街上遇见了他。 an . The other works in Beijing. 我有两25.Excuse me. Where’s the nearest post office, 2. would like / like 个兄弟，一个在西安工作，另一个在北京工please? would like 和 like含义不同。like 意思是作。 26.It’s over there on the right. “喜欢”，“爱好”，而 would like 意思是“想4. have to /must 27.I’m sorry I don’t know. 要”。试比较: (1)have to和 must 都可以用来谈论义务，但28.You’d better„ I like beer.=I’m fond of beer. 我喜欢喝用法略有不同。如果某人主观上觉得必须去做29.Thank you all the same. 啤酒。 而又想去时，常用must。如果谈论某种来自30.Which bus do I take? I’d like a glass of beer= I want a glass “外界”的义务，常用have to。例如: 31.Go along this road. of beer. 我想要一杯啤酒。 I must stop smoking. 我必须戒烟。(自己想32.What day was it yesterday? Do you like going to the cinema? 你喜欢戒烟) 33.I’m sorry to hear that. 看电影吗, They have to work for the boss. 34.I hope you’re better now. Would you like to go to the cinema tonight? 他们不得不为那个老板工作。(条件逼得他们35.Why did you call me? 你今晚想去看电影吗, 去工作) 36.I called to tell„ 3. another / the other (2)have to 可用于多种时态，must 只能用于一IV. 重要语法 (1)another 通常用于三个或三个以上或不确般现在时。例如: 1.be going to的用法; 定数量中的任意一个人或 物体。 例如: I’ll have to get up early tomorrow morning. 2.形容词的比较级、最高级; May I have another apple, please? 请在明天早晨我必须早早起床。 3.形容词和副词的比较 给我一个苹果好吗, We had to work long hours every day in order 4.一般过去时 This coat is too small for me. Please show to get more money. 【名师讲解】 me another这件外套我穿太小，请再给我拿为了多挣钱，我们不得不每天长时间地工作。 1. on the street / in the street 一件看看。 (3)用于否定句时，mustn’t意思是“决不能”， 表示“在街上”时，on the street 和 in the (2)the other 通常指两者中的另一个。例如: “禁止”，而don’t have to意思是“不必”，street 都可以，在美国多用on the street, 在英He has two rulers. One is short. The other 相当于needn’t。例如: 国多用in the street. 例如: is long. 他有两把尺子，一把短的，另一把 You mustn’t be late again next time.下 11 一次你决不能再迟到。 Could I have some rice, please?请给我来点好吗, You don’t have to go there today. You can 米饭好吗, 9. take/ bring/ carry /get go there tomorrow. 7. hear /listen to 这四个动词都有“拿”和“带”的意思，但含 你今天不必到那里去了。你可以明天去。 listen to 和hear 都有“听”的意思，但含义义有所不同。take意为“带走”，“拿走”，bring5. hear sb. or sth.doing sth. / herar sb. or sth. 有所不同。Listen to强调“听”的动作，hear 强意为“带来”，“拿来”, get表示“到别的地方把do sth. 调“听”的结果。例如: 某人或某物带来或拿来”，carry不强调方向，带有 hear sb. or sth.doing sth.意思是“听到某 Listen to me ,please! I’m going to tell you 负重的意思。试比较: 人或某物在做某事”，而hear sb. or sth. do sth.a story. 请听我说～我给你们讲个故事。 My parents often take me there on holidays. 意思是“听到某人或某物做过某事”。试比较: Listen! Can you hear someone crying in the 我父母常常带我到那里去度假。 I hear him singing an English song.听见他next room? 听～你能听见有人在隔壁房间里哭I’m going to take you to Beijing.我准备在唱英歌曲。 吗, 带你去北京。 I heard him sing an English song.我听见他 I listened, but heard nothing.我听了听，Bring me a cup of tea, please.请给我端杯唱一首英文歌。 但什么也听不见。 茶来。 类似hear 这种用法的还有see, watch, listen, hear 后面如果接宾语从句，常常表示“听说”。I’ll bring the book to you tomorrow.明天feel等感官动词。 例如: 我把那本书给你带来。 6. any /some I hear some foreign students will visit our The waiter carried the me to the table服 any和some 都可以同不可数名词和可数名词的school.我听说一些外国学生将要访问我们学校。 务员把肉送到桌上。 复数形式连用，但some一般用在肯定句中;any用 I hear there is going to be a film in our The monkey carried the bag on her back.猴在疑问句和否定句中。试比较: school this evening.我听说今晚我们学校要演子把那个包背在背上。 I want some money. 我想要点钱。 一场电影。 She went back to get her handbag.他折回去 Have you any money? 你有钱吗, 8. Let’s„ /Let us„ 拿他的手提包。 I don’t have any money. 我一点钱也没有。 Let’s„ 和Let us„ 都表示“让我们„„”, Let me get the doctor.让我去请医生吧。 some 有时也用于疑问句，表示说话人期待一个如果us 包括听话人在内，其含义相同，附带问句用10. far away /faraway 肯定回答或鼓励人家说“是”。例如: shall we. 如果us 不包括听话人在内，其含义不同， (1)far away是一个副词短语，意思是“很远”。 Would you like some more beer?请你再来点Let us„的附带问句要用will you。例如: 例如: 啤酒好吗, Let’s go shopping, shall we? 我们去购物Some are far away. Some are nearer.有些离得 12 很远，有些离得近一些的。 某物的范围内。试比较: Bob never does his homework _________ Mary. The village is far away from here.那个村子My seat is in front of Mary’s.我的座位在He makes lots of mistakes. 离这儿很远。 玛丽座位的前面。 A. so careful B. as carefully as C. (2)faraway是一个形容词，意思是“遥远的”，He is sitting in the front of the car with carefully D. as careful as 可以在句中作定语。例如: the driver.他和司机坐在小车的前部。 【解析】答案:B。该题考查的是形容词和副词 He lives in faraway mountain village.他住在【考点扫描】 的用法比较。该空应填副词，因为它修饰的是动词 一个遥远的小山村。 1. be going to的用法; does。该题用的是not as+副词+as的结构，所以答 11. find / look for 2. 形容词的比较级、最高级; 案应是B。 find和look for 都有“找”的意思，但含义3. 形容词和副词的比较 3. (2004年重庆市中考试题) 不同。find 强调“找”的结果，而look for 强调4. 一般过去时 That day I saw some parents _________ at the “找”的过程。请看下列例句: 5. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型; back of the classroom, ________ to the He is looking for his bike.他在找他的自行6. 本单元学过的日常交际用语。 teacher. 车。 【中考范例】 A. sitting, listened B. I’m looking for my watch, but can’t find 1. (2004年烟台市中考试题) sat, listened it.我在找我的手表，但是找不到。 In the exam, the ________ you are, the C. sitting, listening D. I hope you will soon find your lost ring.________ mistakes you’ll make. sat, listening 希望你尽快找到丢失的戒指。 A. carefully, little B. more 【解析】答案:C。该题考查的是see sb. doing 另外，find还有“发现”;“感到”等意思。carefully, fewest sth.的句型结构和分词作状语的用法。第一个空 例如: C. more careful, fewer D. more careful, stting在句中作saw的宾语补足语，第二个空 I found a wallet in the desk.我在课桌里发less listening做伴随状语。 现了一个钱包。 【解析】答案:C。该题考查的是形容词和副词4. (2004年杭州市中考试题) I find this book very interesting.我觉得的比较以及他们的比较等级的用法。第一个空应填 You ________ open the door before the train 这本书很有意思。 形容词careful的比较级，因为它在句中作表语，gets into the station. 12. in front of /in the front of 第二个空应填few的比较级，因为它修饰的是复数 A. don’t have to B. mustn’t C. needn’t In front of 表示在某物的前面，不在某物的可数名词。 D. may not 范围内。In the front of 表示在某物的前部，在2. (2004年河北省中考试题) 【解析】答案:B。该题考查的是几个情态动词 13 否定式的用法区别。don’t have to和needn’t的意思都是“不必”，may not的意思是“可以不”，只有mustn’t表示“不许”，“禁止”。 初二年级(中) 【知识梳理】 21. turn over 43. again and again I. 重点短语 22. get-together 44. look over 1. give a concert 23. put on 45. take exercise 2. fall down 24. take a seat II. 重要句型 3. go on 25. wait for 1. be good for sth. 4. at the end of 26. get lost 2. I think „ 5. go back 27. just then 3. I hope„ 6. in ahurry 28. first of all 4. I love„ 7. write down 29. go wrong 5. I don’t like„ 8. come out 30. make a noise 6. I’m sure„ 9. all the year round 31. get on 7. forget to do sth. 10. later on 32. get off 8. take a message for sb. 11. at times 33. stand in line 9. give sb. the message 12. ring sb. up 34. at the head of 10. help yourself to sth. 13. Happy New Year! 35. laugh at 11. be famous for sth. 14. have a party 36. throw about 12. on one’s way to„ 15. hold on 37. in fact 13. make one’s way to„ 16. hear from 38. at midnight 14. quarrel with sb. 17. be ready 39. enjoy oneself 15. agree with sb. 18. at the moment 40. have a headache 16. stop sb. from doing sth. 19. take out 41. have a cough III. 交际用语 20.the same as 42. fall asleep 1.What’s the weather like today? 14 2.It’s cold, but quite suuny. 44.Have/get a pain in„ 23.Which is the way to ..., please? 3.How cold it is today! 45.No problem. 24.Turn right/left at the ... crossing. 4.Yes, but it’ll be warmer later on. 46.Take this medicine three times a day. 25.Go on until you reach ... 5.Shall we make a snowman? IV. 重要语法 26.How can I get to ...? Go down/up/along this 1. 一般过去时; 6.Ok. Come on! road. 2. 反意疑问句的用法; 7.Happy New Year! 3. 一般将来时; 8.May I speak to Ann, please?, 27.What's the matter? 9.Hold on, please. 4. 感叹句; 28.It'll take you half an hour to ... 10.Thanks a lot for inviting me to your party. 5. 简单句的五种基本句型; 29.We'd better catch a bus. 11.Ok. But I’m afraid I may be a little late. 6. 情态动词can, may和must, have to的用法; 30.It may be in ... Ah, so it is 12.Can I take a message for you? 7. 时间状语从句和条件状语从句。 31.You must be more careful! 13.That’s OK. It doesn’t matter. 【名师讲解】 32.You mustn't cross the road now. 1. above/ over/ on 14.I’m very sorry, but I can’t come. 33.If you want to cross a street, you must wait 这三个介词都表示“在„„之上”，但含义不15.I’m sorry to hear that. for the green light. 同。on指在某物的表面上，和某物接触;above指16.Happy birthday! 34.Please stand in line. 在某物的上方，不和某物接触，但也不一定在某物17.Would you like ...? Would you like to ...? 35.You must wait for your turn. 的正上方;over指在某物的正上方，不和某物接触。18.Do you think ...? Yes, I think so. / No, I 36.If you don't go soon, you'll be late. 试比较: don't think so. 37.I don't feel very well. There is a book on the desk.课桌上有一本书。 19.Do you agree? Yes, I agree. / No, don't really 38.My head hurts. I raise my right hand above my head. 我把右 39.You mustn't eat anything until you see the agree. I really can't agree. 手高举过头。 doctor. There is a stone bridge over the river. 河20.There are a few / a lot of ... / on it. 40.What's the trouble? 面上有座石桥。 21.So do we. 41.What's the matter with„? 2. forget to do sth./forget doing sth. 22.I'm happy you like it. 42.She didn't feel like eating anything. forget to do sth.意思是“忘记做某事”，实 43.Nothing serious. 际上还没做;forget doing sth,意思是“忘记做过 15 某事”，实际上已经做过了。试比较: 示说话人做出的推断，意思是“一定”，“肯I heard from her last week. 我上周接到了她I forgot to tell him the news.我忘记告诉他定”。例如: 的来信。 这条消息了。 Be sure to lock the door when you leave.hear of和和hear from含义不同。hear of 意I forgot telling him the news.我已经把这条你离开时务必把门锁好。 思是“听说”，“得知”(某事或某人的存在)，消息告诉他了，我却忘了。 It’s a good film. You are sure to enjoy it.常用在疑问句和否定句里。例如: 类似的词还有:remember, regret等。 这是一部好电影，你肯定会喜欢的。 Who is he? I’ve never heard of him.他是谁,3. hope/wish (2)be sure of/about sb.or sth. 可用来表示我从来没有听说过他。 hope和wish 在汉语中都有“希望”的意思，“某人对某事有把握”。例如: I never heard of such a thing! 这样的事我从但其含义和用法有所不同。主要区别如下: I’m sure of his success.我相信他会成功。 来没有听说过。 (1)wish可以用来表示不可实现的愿望;hope只I think it was three years ago, but I’m not 6. It’s a pleasure./With pleasure. 能用来表示可能实现的愿望。例如: sure about it.我想那是三年前的事情，但我It’s a pleasure这句话常用作别人向你表示 I wish I were 20 years younger.我但愿自己没有把握。 致谢时的答语，意思是“那是我乐意做的”。例能年轻二十岁。 5. hear from/hear of 如: I hope you’ll be better soon. 我希望你能hear意思是“听到”，从哪里听到要用from---Thank you for helping me. 谢谢你地帮助。 很快好起来。 来表示。例如: ---It’s a pleasure. 那是我乐意做的。 I wish the weather wasn’t so cold. 但愿I’ve heard from Xiao Wu that we’ll start out ---Thanks a lot. Bye.非常感谢。 再见。 天气不这麽冷。 military training tomorrow. ---It’s a pleasure. 那是我乐意做的。再见。 I hope he will come, too. 我希望他也能来。 我听小吴说，我们明天开始军训。 类似的话还有 “Not at all.” “You are (2)wish可以接sb. to do sth. 的结构，而hopeListen to the tape and write out what you hear welcome.” “That’s all right.” 不可以。例如: from Han Mei. With pleasure也用作客气的答语，主要用在别 Do you wish me to come back later? 你是听录音，并写出你从韩梅那里听到的内容。 人要你做某事，而你又非常愿意去做的场合。例否希望我再来, hear from还有一个意思是“收到某人的来信”如: 4. be sure to do sth./ be sure of/about sb. or (=receive a letter from sb.)。例如: ---Will you please pass me the newspaper, sth. I heard from my pen friend in the U.S.A. last please? (1)be sure to do sth.可以用来表示说话人给对month. 请你把报纸递给我好吗, 方提出要求，意思是“务必”，也可以用来表上个月我受到了美国笔友的来信。 ---With pleasure. 16 当然可以。 (2)get ready to do和get ready for„表示The Greens are at table. 格林一家人在吃饭。 7. seem/look “为„做准备”，强调行为。如: Mr. Black is sitting at the table and reading (1)二者都可以作“看起来”讲，但seem暗示凭I'm ready to do anything you want me to a book.布莱克先生坐在桌旁读书。 借一些迹象作出的有根据的判断，这种判断往往接10. reach, arrive/get to do. 我愿意/随时准备做一切做你要我做的 三者都有"到达"之意。reach是及物动词，后直近事实;look着重强调由视觉得出的印象。两者都事。 接加名词，get和arrive是不及物动词，不能直接可跟(to be)+形容词和as if从句。如: I'm ready for any questions you may ask.加名词，须借助于介词。get to后加名词地点，若He seems / looks (to be) very happy today. 我愿意/随时准备回答你可能问的问题。 跟副词地点时，to去掉;arrive at +小地方，arrive 他今天看起来很高兴。 He's getting ready to leave for Tokyo.in+大地方。如: It looks (seems) as if it it is going to rain. Lucy got to the zoo before 8 o'clock. 露西8他正准备动身去东京。 点前到了动物园。 好像要下雨了。 Let's get ready for the hard moment.我们 When did your parents arrive in Shanghai? 你(2)但下列情况中只用seem不用look: 为这一艰难时刻作好准备吧。 父母何时到上海的, 1)后跟不定式to do时。如: (3)be ready to do 通常可理解“乐于做某事”， It was late when I got home. 我到家时天色已 He seems to know the answer. 他似乎即思想上总是有做某事的准备。be not ready 晚。 知道答案。 11. sick/ill to do表示 二者都是形容词。当“生病的，患病“之意时，2)在It seems that ...结构中。如: “不轻易做某事”。如: ill只作表语，不作定语;而sick既可作表语也可It seems that he is happier now than He's usually not ready to listen to others.作定语。sick有"呕吐，恶心"的意思，只能作表语，yesterday.他像比昨天高兴些了。 他通常不轻易听从别人。 而ill无此意。如: 8. be ready to do/be ready for/ get ready to 9. at table/at the table Li Lei was ill last week. (只作表语)李磊上do/get ready for 周生病了。 at table在吃饭，at the table在桌子旁 He's a sick man. (作定语)他是病人。不能(1)be ready to do和be ready for„表示“已边。例如: 说成:He's an ill man. 作好„的准备”，强调状态 My grandfather was sick for a month last year. (作表语)我祖父去年病了一个 17 月。 I didn't recognize John's voice on the homework. 12. in time/on time telephone. 在电话里我听不出约翰的声 A. will have B. had C. won’t have D. don’ in time是"及时"的意思，on time是"准时，音。 t have 按时"。如: He spoke in a low voice. 他低声说话。 【解析】答案:D。该题考查的是条件状语从句 I didn't get to the bus stop in time. 我We heard a strange sound. 我们听到了一种的时态。在条件和时间状语从句里通常用一般现在 没有及时赶上汽车。 奇怪的声音。 是表示将来的动作。 We'll finish our job on time. 我们要按时Sound travels fast, but light travels 2. (2004年佛山市中考试题) 完成任务。 faster. 声音传得快，但是光传得更快。 You have been to Tibet, _________? I was told 13. may be/maybe 【考点扫描】 that the snow-covered mountains were very It may be in your inside pocket. = Maybe it 中考考点在本单元主要集中在: beautiful. A. have you B. haven’t you C. don’t you is in your inside pocket. 也许在你里边的口袋1. 一般过去时; 里。第一句中may be是情态动词+be 动词构成的谓2. 反意疑问句的用法; 【解析】答案:B。该题考查的是反意疑问句的语部分，意思是"也许是"，"可能是";第二句中的3. 一般将来时; 构成。反意疑问句的前一部分是肯定句，后一部分maybe是副词，意思是"可能"，常位于句首，不能位4. 感叹句; 就应该是否定的疑问部分，而且要和前一部分保持于句中，相当于另一副词perhaps。再如: 5. 简单句的五种基本句型; 时态上的一致。 Maybe you put it in that bag.也许你放在了6. 情态动词can, may和must, have to的用法; 3. (2004年扬州市中考试题) 那只包里。(不能说You maybe put it 7. 时间状语从句和条件状语从句; ---Jacky, look at that Japanese sumoist(相 in that bag.) 8. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型; 扑手). It may be a hat.那可能是顶帽子。(不能说9. 本单元学过的日常交际用语。 ---Wow, ______________! It maybe a hat. 或It maybe is a hat.) 考试形式可以是单项填空、完型天空、短文填空和 A. How a fat man B. What a fat 14. noise/ voice/ sound 完成句子。 man noise 指嘈杂声，噪音大的吵杂声。voice是指【中考范例】 C. How fat man D. What fat man 说话的声音，嗓音，嗓子。sound是指耳朵能够听到1. (2004年长沙市中考试题) 【解析】答案:B。该题考查的是感叹句的构成。的声音、闹声等。它是表示声音之意的最普通的字。 ---Do you know if we will go to the cinema 这个感叹句省略了主谓部分，只保留了感叹部分。有时还用作科学上的声音。例如: tomorrow? 如果以What开头，就应该是What a fat man! 如果 Don't make so much noise! 别那么大声喧哗～ ---I think we’ll go if we ________ too much 是How开头，就应该是How fat! 18 4. (2004年福建省泉州市中考试题) t thank me 回答别人的道谢通常用“That’s all right.”或” ---Thanks for your help. C. You’re welcome D. That’You’re welcome.” ---__________________ s right A. It doesn’t matter B. Don’【解析】答案:C。该题考查的是日常交际用语。 初二英语(下) 【知识梳理】 17. play the piano 36. long jump I. 重点短语 18. knock at 37. relay race 1. on time 19. to one's surprise 38. well done! 2. out of 20. look up 39. take off 3. all by oneself 21. enjoy oneself 40. as usual 4. lots of 22. help yourself 41. a pair of 5. no longer 23. tell a story / stories 42. at once 6. get back 24. leave....behind „„ 43. hurry off 7. sooner or later 25. come along 8. run away 26. hold a sports meeting 44. come to oneself 9. eat up 27. be neck and neck 45. after a while 28. as ... as 10. take care of 46. knock on 29. not so / as ... as 11. turn off 47. take care of 30. do one's best 12. turn on 48. at the moment 31. take part in 13. after a while 32. a moment late 49. set off 14. make faces 33. Bad luck! 50. here and there 15. teach oneself 34. fall behind 51. on watch 16. fall off 35. high jump 19 8. Let’s get it back before they eat the food. accident. 52. look out 9. Did she learn all by herself? 31. It’s really nice of you. 53. take one’s place 10. Could she swim when she was „years old? 32. Don’t mention it. II. 重要句型 11. She didn’t hurt herself. 33. Don’t crowd around him. 1. We’d better not do sth. 12. He couldn’t buy himself many nice things. IV. 重要语法 2. leave one. oneself 13. Did he enjoy himself? 1. 不定代词/副词的运用; 3. find one’s way to a place 14. Help yourselves. 2. 反身代词的用法; 4. stand on one’s head 15. Bad luck! 3. 并列句; 5. make sb. Happy 16. Come on! 4. 形容词和副词的比较等级; 6. catch up with sb. 17. Well done! Congratulations (to„)! 5. 冠词的用法; 7. pass on sth. to somebody 18. It must be very interesting. 6. 动词的过去进行时; 8. spend time doing sth. 19. I don’t think you’ll like it. 【名师讲解】 9. go on doing sth. 20. It seems to be an interesting book. 1. bring/take 10. get on well with sb. 21. I’m sure (that)„ I’m not sure if„ I’Bring表示“带来、拿来”，指从别处朝说话11. be angry with sb. m not sure what to„ 人所在或将在的地方“带来、拿来”。而take则表12. be fed up with sth. 22. I hope so. 示“拿去、带走”，它表示的方向与bring相反，23. What was he/she drawing when„? 13. not„until„ 指从说话人所在地“拿走、带走”。如: 24. I’m sorry to trouble you. 14. make room for sb. 25. Would you please„? Bring me the book, please. 把那本书给我拿来。 III. 交际用语 26. What were you doing at ten o’clock yesterday Take some food to the old man. 给那位老人带1. We’re all by ourselves. morning? 2. I fell a little afraid. 去些食物。 27. You look tired today. 3. Don’t be afraid. 2. somebody/ anybody/nobody 28. You’d better go to bed early tonight, if 4. Help! 一般说来，somebody用于定句，anybody用于you can. 5. Can’t you hear anything? 29. How kind! 否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句。例如: 6. I can’t hear anything / anybody there. 30. Let’s move the bag, or it may cause an 7. Maybe it’s a tiger. 20 Somebody came to see you when you were out. Do you like listening to light music?你喜(3)few和little表示"几乎没有"，侧重否定。你出来时有人来见你。 欢听轻音乐吗, few后接可数名词，little后接不可数名词。Does anybody live on this island? 有人在这(3)hear 可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词，例如: 岛上住吗, 意思是“听到、听见”，指用耳朵听到了某个He is a strange man. He has few words.他I didn't see anybody there. 我在那儿谁也没声音，表示无意识的动作，着重于听的能力和是个怪人，他几乎不说什么话。 看见。 结果。如: Hurry up, there is little time left.赶快，Don't let anybody in. I'm too busy to see We hear with our ears.我们用耳朵听。 没什么时间了。 5. either/ neither/ both anybody. 别让任何人进来。我太忙，谁也不想见。 She listens but hears nothing.她听了听， either可作形容词，一般指"两者中的任何一个There is nobody in the room. 房间里没人。 但是什么也没有听见。 "。有时也可表示"两个都„„"的意思，后跟名词的Nobody told me that you were ill, so I didn't 4. many/ much/ a few/ a little/ few/ little 单数形式;neither: 指两者中没有一个，全否定;know about it . 谁也没告诉我你病了。所以我(1)many修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词;both: 指两者都，肯定。句中可作主语、宾语和定不知道。 都表示许多。例如: 语，both后面应跟名词的复数形式。如: Neither of the films is good.两部电影都不好。3. listen, listen to, hear He has many books.他有许多书。 (没有一部是好的) 这三个词意思都是“听”，但是它们的用法不 He drank much milk.他喝了许多牛奶。 Either of the films is good. 两部电影都不错。完全相同。它们的区别在于: (2)a few和a little都表示"有一点儿"，侧重于(谓语动词用单数) (1)listen 只用于不及物动词，后面接人或人物肯定，相当于"some"，但a few修 Both the teachers often answer the questions. 做宾语，着重于“倾听”，指的是有意识的动饰可数名词，a little修饰不可数名词，例如: 这两个老师都常常解答问题。 作，至于是否听到，并非强调的重点。如: He has a few friends in London.他在伦敦有6. take part in/join Listen! Someone is singing in the classroom. 一些朋友。 take part in参加某种活动; join参加，加入听～有人在教室唱歌。 Would you like some coffee? Yes, just a 某一政党或组织。例如: (2)listen to 为listen的及物形式，后面一定little.喝点咖啡好吗,好的，只要一点。 Can you take part in my party.你能来参加我 要接人或物做宾语，这里的to是介词。如: 的派对吗, 21 时。 We often take part in many school activities.Two months is quite a long time. / a very 2. (2004年北京市中考试题) 我们经常参加学校里的一些活动。 long time. 两个月是一段很长的时间。 ---Which is _________, the sun, the moon or He joined the party in 1963. 他1963年入的It's a very nice day / quite a nice day. 今the earth? 党。 天天气很好。 ---Of course the moon is. 【考点扫描】 My little brother joined the army last year. A. small B. smaller C. smallest D. the 中考考点在本单元主要集中在: smallest 我小弟去年参的军。 1. 不定代词/副词的运用; 【解析】答案:D。该提考查的是形容词的比较等7. quite/ rather/ very 2. 反身代词的用法; 级。三者进行比较，其中最小的应用最高级，而(1)quite 表示程度“很，十分，完全地”，“相3. 并列句; 形容词最高级之前必须加顶冠词the。 当”。如: 4. 形容词和副词的比较等级; 3. (2004年河北省中考试题) 5. 冠词的用法; She is quite right.她对极了。 Bob never does his homework _________ Mary. 6. 动词的过去进行时; He makes lots of mistakes. That's not quite what I want . 那并不完全 7. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型; A. so careful as B. as carefully as C. 是我所要的。 8. 本单元学过的日常交际用语。 carefully as D. as careful as (2)rather 表示程度上的“相当”，比预想地程考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和【解析】答案:B。该提考查的是形容词和副词的度要大，通常用在不喜欢的情况下。如:It's 完成句子。 用法区别。空白处所缺的词是修饰动词短语does 【中考范例】 rather cold today.今天的天气相当冷。 his homework的，应该用副词。另外，表示“某 1. (2004年江西省中考试题) 人做事不如某人细心”应用“not as carefully as”(3)very表示程度“很，甚，极其，非常”，用 ---I called you yesterday evening, but there 这样的结构。 于修饰形容词或副词，既可用在喜欢的情况下，was no answer. 4. (2004年吉林省中考试题) 也可用于不喜欢的情况下。应注意“a very + ---Oh, I am sorry I ___________ dinner at my ---I like riding fast. It’s very exciting. 形容词+可数名词的单数”结构中，"a"应置于friend’s home. ---Oh! You mustn’t do it like that, ________ A. have B. had C. was having D. have had "very"之前，该结构相当“quite a/an +形容it may have an accident. 【解析】答案:C。该提考查的是动词的时态。表 A. and B. or C. so D. but 词+名词”的结构。如: 示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作应用过去进行 【解析】答案:B。该提考查的是连接并列句的并 22 列连词的选择。And通常连接两个意思一致的并列个有转折关系的并列句，or相当于if not意思是“否句，so连接两个有因果关系的并列句，but连接两则”。 初三年级(上) 【知识梳理】 I. 重点短语 1. at the moment 23 2. used to 28. speak highly of 54. talk about 3. for a while 29. a year and a half 55. go for a holiday 4. walk away with sth. 30. half a year 56 go scuba diving 5. leave for some place 31. pick up 57. write down 58. by oneself 6. sooner or later 32. as soon as 59. walk along 7. pay for 33. keep„ clean 60. get a chance to do sth 8. come up with an idea 34. take care of 9. think of 35. cut down 61. have a wonderful time 10. have a try 36. make a contribution to 62. book a room 11. all over the world 37. base on 63. have an accident 12. be famous for 38. make sure 64. be interested in 13. large numbers of 39. take away 65. use sth. to do sth. 66. make a TV show 14. all the year round 40. begin with 41. right now 67. be amazed at 15. no matter what 16. give up 42. as soon as possible 68. take part in 69. feed on 17. for example 43. leave a message 18. by the way 44. all kinds of things 70. get out of 19. on business 45. walk around II. 重要句型 20. so far 46. fall asleep 1. Why don’t you do sth.? 21. come true 47. wake up 2. make sb. Happy 22. set off 48. go on a trip 3. borrow sth. from sb. 23. slow down 49. have a good time 4. forget to do sth. 50. take photos 24. go on doing 5. pay fro sth. 25. wait for 51. come out 6. return sth. To sb. 26. be proud of 52. come on 7. learn sth. from sb. 27. be afraid of 53. have a family meeting 8. be famous for sth. 24 9. No matter what„ --- I don’t think I can„ 3. 一般过去时与现在完成时的用法比较: 10. be with sb. 10. --- What have you done since„? 【名师讲解】 11. go on doing sth. 11. --- How long have you been at this „? 1. Maybe/ may be 12. speak highly of sb. --- For„ (1) maybe是副词，意思是“大概，也许”，常13. keep doing sth. 12. --- How long has she/ he worked there„? 用作状语。 14. allow sb. To do sth. --- She’s / He’s worked there for„ / all Maybe you put it in your bag.也许你把它放15. encourage sb. to do sth. 16. It is said her / his life. 在包里了。 that„ 13. --- I’m sorry he isn’t here right now. III. 交际用语 14. --- May I help you? “Will he come tomorrow?”“Maybe 1. --- Excuse me, have you got „? 15. --- That’s very kind of you. not.” “他明天来吗,”“也许不”。 --- Yes, I have. (Sorry, I haven’t.) 16. ---Could we go scuba diving? (2) may be相当于是情态动词may与be动词搭2. --- Why don’t you „? 17. --- Could you tell us how long we’re going 配一起作谓语，意思是“也许是„，可能是„”。 --- Thanks, I will. to be away? It may be 9:00 when they arrive.他们可能3. --- Thanks a lot. (Thank you very much.) 18. --- Let’s try to find some information about --- You are welcome. it, OK? 于九点到达。 4. --- Have you ever done„? 19. --- Could you please tell me how to search The man may be a lawyer. 那人也许是律师。 --- Yes, I have, once. (No, never.) the Internet? 2. borrow/ lend/ keep/ use 5. --- I’ve just done„ 20. --- Go straight along here. (1) borrow表示的是从别人那里借来东西，即我--- Really? 21. ---Please go to Gate 12. 们通常所说的“借进来”。 6. ---What’s „like ? 22. --- Please come this way. 7. --- How long have you been„? 23. --- Could you tell me what you think about We often borrow books from our school --- Since„ Hainan Island? library.我们经常从学校图书馆借书。 8. --- Have you ever been to„? 24. --- That sounds really cool! I borrowed this dictionary from my teacher. --- I’ve never been there. (None of us has./ IV. 重要语法 我从老师那儿借来了这本字典。 Only „has. ) 1. 宾语从句 9. --- Would you like to have a try? 2. 现在完成时 25 borrow是一个瞬间完成的动作，因此不能与(4)He has been a worker since he came into this use也可以当“借用”讲，但它的本意是“用， 时间段连用。 使用”。 city. You can borrow my recorder for three days. May I use your ruler? 我能借你的尺子用一自从他来到这个城市，他就是工人了。 ( 错误 ) 下吗, I have never seen him since we last met in I have borrowed this book for only one He had to use this public telephone.他Shanghai . week. ( 错误 ) 不得不使用这部公用电话。 自从我们上次在上海见过之后，我再也没见过(2) lend表示的是把自己的东西借给别人，即我3. leave/ leave for 他。 们通常所说的“借出去”。 (1) leave意思是“离开，留下”。 since作连词，还有“既然”的意思。 Thank you for lending me your bike.谢谢 We left Shanghai two years ago.我们两年Since you are interested in it, just do 你把自行车借给我。 前离开了上海。 it. 既然你对它感兴趣，那就做吧。 He often lends money to his brother.他经 He left his cell phone in the taxi last week.You can have fun now since you’ve finished 常借钱给他弟弟。 他上周把手机落在出租车里了。 your work. lend与borrow一样，也是一个瞬间完成的 动(2) leave for意思是“前往”，表示要去的目既然你已经做完了功课，就开心玩会儿吧。 作，不能与一段时间连用。 的地。 (2) for用于完成时，用作介词，后常接一段时间，(3) keep的意思也是“借”，但一般是指借来后We will leave for Tibet next month.我们意思是“经过„”。 的保存或使用阶段，是一段持续的时间，因此将于下月去西藏。 I have learned English for five years.我可以与时 The train is leaving for Moscow.这趟火车已经学了五年英语了。 间段连用。 即将开往莫斯科。 They have waited for you for 30 minutes.You can keep my recorder for three days.4. since/ for 他们已经等了你三十分钟了。 我的录音机你可以借用三天。 (1) since用于完成时态，既能用作介词，也能for也可以用作连词，但意思是“因为”。 I have kept this book for only one week.用作连词，后常接时间点，意思是“自从”。 They missed the flight for they were late.这本书我才刚借了一星期。 他们由于完到了而误了航班。 26 He fell ill for many reasons.他由于多种原either作形容词, 用来修饰单数名词,意思与Both his arms are hurt.他的两只胳膊都受伤 因病倒了。 作介词时相同. 了。 5. neither/ either/ both Either school is near my home. (这两所Both these students are good at English. 这(1) neither作代词是对两者都进行否定，意思为学校中的)任何一所学校都离我家很近. 两个学生都擅长英语。 “两者都不”，作主语时谓语动词用单数. Either question is difficult.两个问题(中的both用作连词时，多与and搭配，表示“既„Neither of the boys is from England.这两个任何一个)都难. 又, 不仅„而且”, 作主语时,谓语动词仍用复数形男孩都不是来自英国。 either作连词时,一般与or搭配,表示两者选式。 I know neither of them. 他们两个我都不认识。 其一，意思是“不是„就是”。作主语时，谓语动Both piano and violin are my bobbies.钢琴 neither用作形容词，也修饰单数名词，意思词遵循就近原则。 和小提琴都是我的爱好。 与作代词时相同;用作连词时，一般与nor搭配，Either he or I am right.不是他就是我是对的。 They study both history and physics. 他们表示 “既不„也不”。作主语时，谓语动词也遵循Either my sister or my parents are coming to 既学历史，又学物理。 就近原则。 see me.不是我姐姐就是我父母要来 6. find/look for/ find out She neither ate nor drank yesterday. 她昨看我。 (1) find强调找的结果，意思是“找到”。此外还天既不吃也不喝。 (3) both作代词时，指的是所涉及到的“两者都”, 有“发现，发觉”的意思，后可接宾语从句。 Neither he nor we play football on 故作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 Jim couldn’t find his hat.吉姆找不着帽子Sundays. 他和我们星期天都不踢球。 I like both of the stories.这两个故事我都了。 (2) either作代词时，是指两者中的任意一方,(两喜欢。 Have you found your lost keys? 你找到丢失者之)每一个，故作主语时谓语动词用单数. Both of my parents are teachers.我父母两人的钥匙了吗, Either of the books is new.这两本书任何一都是老师。 He found the lights were on along the street. 本都是新的. both作形容词时，用来修饰两者,意思与作代他发现沿街的灯都亮了 She doesn’t like either of the films.这两词时相同. (2) look for的意思为“寻找”，指的是找的动部电影她都不喜欢. 作而非结果。另外，还有“盼望，期待”的意 27 思。 (2) forget doing是指忘记某件已经做过的事情，部分的不同。 She is looking for her son.她正在找她的儿即该事已经做了，但被忘记了。 Everyone is excited except me. 子。 He forgot telling me his address.他忘了告除我以外的每个人都很激动。(他们激动，而We’ve been looking for the car since early 诉过我地址了。 我却不激动) this morning.我们从今天一大早就开始找这辆They forgot having been here before.他们All the visitors are Japanese except him. 车了。 忘了以前曾来过这儿。 除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。(其他人是I look for the coming holiday.我期待着即8. stop doing/ stop to do 日本人，可他不是) 将来临的假期。 (1) stop doing是指停止做某事，即doing这个(2)besides是包括后面所提人或物在内的“除 (3) find out含有经过观察、研究或探索而得知动作不再继续。 了”，可以理解为“除之外„还、除之外„又”，的意思，后常接较抽象的事物，意思是“找出，They stopped debating.他们停止了辩论。(不表示两部分 发现，查明(真相)”等。 辩论了) 的相似性。 I can find out who took my money away.我He had to stop driving as the traffic Twenty-five students went to the cinema 能查出谁拿了我的钱。 lights changed in to red. 由于交通灯变成besides him. Could you find out when the plane arrives? 了红色，他不得不停车。 除他以外，还有25个学生去看了电影。(他和你能设法知道飞机何时到吗, (2) stop to do是指停下来开始做另一件事，即另外25人都去了) 7. forget to do/ forget doing 停止原先的事，开始做do这个动作。 We like biology besides English. (1) forget to do是指忘记去做某件事了，即该She stopped to have a rest.她停下来休息除了英语外，我们还喜欢生物。(生物和英语事还没有做。 会儿。(开始休息) 都喜欢) Please don’t forget to call this afternoon.They stopped to talk.他们停下来开始交谈。 besides还可用作副词，意思是“此外;而且”，今天下午不要忘了给我打电话。 9. except/ besides 常用于句首或句尾。 I forgot to take some small change with me.(1) except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的He is a great thinker, and besides, he is 我身上忘了带零钱了。 “除了”，可以理解为“撇开„不谈”,表示两a politician. 28 乎很高兴。 他是一名伟大的思想家，除此以外，他还是一He is such a clever boy.他是如此聪明的一 He seemed to be sorry for that.他似乎为位政治家。 个男孩。 那件事感到抱歉。 (2) so是副词，用来修饰形容词或副词。 They encouraged me, and they supported me seem能与to do结构连用，而look不能。 He is so kind! 他真好心～ with money, besides. It seems to rain. 似乎要下雨了。 Why did you come so late? 你为何回来得如他们不仅鼓励我，而且与我以金钱上的支持。 此晚, They seemed to have finished their work.10. keep doing/ keep on doing 当名词前有many, much, few, little等表示他们似乎已经完成了工作。 (1) keep doing指的是连续地、坚持不断地做某多、少时，应该用so。 在it作形式主语的句型中只能用seem。 事，中间不间断。 He has so many friends.他有如此多的朋友。 It seems that he is quite busy now.他现在It kept blowing for a whole day.刮了一整so little time is left! 才剩这么一点Only 看起来很忙。 天风了。 儿时间～ It seems to us that there is nothing serious.The temperature keeps dropping.温度持续13. either/ too/ also 在我看来没什么大不了的。 下降。 (1)either用作“也”时是副词，常用于否定句 look用作“看起来;好像”时，常从物体的(2)(2) keep on doing是指反复坚持做某事，但动句尾。 外观或样貌上来判断，是以视觉所接受的印象作之间略有间隔。 She is not a Japanese, I’m not, either.为依据的。 They have kept on writing to each other for 她不是日本人，我也不是。 The room looks clean.这间房看起来很干净。 many years.他们已经互相通信多年了。 My sister doesn’t like this song, either.The girl looks like her mother.那女孩看起After drinking some water, he kept on 我妹妹也不喜欢这首歌。 来向她的妈妈。 talking.喝了一些水后，他坚持讲话。 (2)too常用于肯定句或疑问句尾，表示“也”。 12. such/ so 11. seem/ look He likes China, too.他也喜欢中国。 (1)such常用作形容词，用来修饰名词。 (1) seem一般着重于以客观迹象为依据，意思是Are you in Grade 3, too? 你也在三年级吗, Don’t be such a fool.别这么傻。 “似乎、好象、看起来„”。 The baby seems to be happy.婴儿看上去似 29 (3)also也常用于肯定句或疑问句，但一般位于Whether it will rain or snow, we don’t mind. 间也能指金钱。 句中。 我们不在乎将要刮风还是下雨。 The new bike costs me 300 yuan.这辆新自行We are also students.我们也是学生。 Whether I won or lost, she didn’t want to 车花了我三百元。 He also went there on foot.他也是走着去的。 know.我是赢是输她不想知道。 It will cost you a whole to read through Did you also want to have a look? 你也想(4)引导主语从句或表语从句时，一般用whether. this book.通读这本书将会花费你整整 看看吗, The most important was whether they had 一周时间。 14. if/ whether gone.最重要的是他们是不是已经 cost 还可以用作名词，表示“成本、费用、价在下列情况下只能用whether而非if: 走了。 格、代价”等。 (1)与or not连用时，只能用whether. Whether he will go with me is a secret.What’s the cost of this TV set? 这台电视We want to know whether you are ill or not. 他是否会和我一起去还是个秘密。 机的成本是多少钱, 我们想知道你是否生病了。 if能引导条件状语从句，表示“如果，假如”，They succeeded at the cost of hard work. Please tell me whether or not you have 而whether没有此用法。 他们辛苦地工作换来的成功。 finished your work. We’ll have a football match if it doesn’(2) spend一般用某人来作主语，表示“(某人)请告诉我们你是否完成了工作。 t rain tomorrow.如果明天不下雨，我们 花费„，付出„”，也能指时间或金钱，指时间时(2)后接动词不定式时，只能用whether. 要进行足球赛。 常与 in搭配，指金钱时常与on或for搭配。 Adam didn’t know whether to go or stay.I’ll tell him if I sees him.我看见他就告 We spent two days in repairing this machine. 亚当不知道是走还是留。 诉他。 我们花了两天时间修理这台机器。 He hasn’t decided whether to have dinner If you’re in danger, please call 110.如 Mr. Lee spends $20 on books every month.李with me.他还没决定是否和我共进晚 果你遇到危险，请拨打110。 先生每月花二十美元在书上。 (3) pay用作动词时，一般也以某人作主语，但一餐。 15. cost/ spend/ pay/ take (3)所引导的宾语从句放在主句之前时，只能用(1) cost一般用某物来做主语，表示“(某物)般指花钱、付款等，很少用来指花费时间。常与forwhether. 值„、花费„”，既能指花费时 搭配使用。 30 They paid 70 yuan for the tickets.他们花认为他是一个坏人。 The tree has been dead for ten years.这棵了七十元买票。 I had a bad headache.我的头疼得很厉害。 树死了有十年了。 He was too poor to pay for his schooling.(2)badly是一个副词，意思是“不好地，差”，The rabbits are all dead. 这些兔子都是死他穷得交不起学费。 也可以表示程度，意为“严重地，非常，极度”。 的。 pay还可以用作名词，意思为“薪水、工资”We need help badly.我们急需帮助。 (2) die是动词，意思为“死、死亡”，是一个等。 His arm was badly hurt.他的胳膊严重受伤了。 瞬间动词，不能与一段时间连用。 It’s hard for me to live with such low pay.17. interested/ interesting My grandpa died two years ago.我爷爷两年我很难靠这么低的薪水生活下去。 (1) interested是指“对„产生兴趣的，对„感前去世了。 (4)take也指“花费(时间、金钱)”，但通常用兴趣的”，一般用人做主语，后常用介词in. The old man died of cancer.老人死于癌症。 (3) death是名词，意思为“死亡、去世”等。 某事、某物做主语，或用形式主语it. He was interested in biology before.他以 The memorial hall was built one year after How long will the meeting take? 会议要开前对生物感兴趣。 his death. 多久, I’m not interested in art.我对艺术不感兴 他死后一年，纪念馆建成了。 It took me several hours to get there. 我趣。 His death is a great loss to us.他的死是花了几个小时才到那儿。 (2)interesting的意思是“有趣的”，指能够给 我们的巨大损失。 16. bad/ badly 人带来兴趣的某人或某事物。 (4) dying 是die的现在分词，用作形容词，意这两个词的意思含有“坏、糟、严重”等意思，He is an interesting old man.他是个有趣的 思是“垂死的、即将死去的”。 且它们有共同的比较级worse和最高级老头。 The doctors have saved the dying man.医生worst 。 The interesting story attracted me. 这 们救活了那个垂死的人。 (1) bad是一个形容词，意思是“坏的，糟糕的，个有趣的故事吸引了我。 The poor dog had no food, it was dying. 差的，严重的”。 18. dead/ die/ death/ dying 可怜的狗没有食物,快要饿死了。 I don’t think he is a bad person.我并不(1) dead是形容词，意思为“死了的、无生命的”，【考点扫描】 中考考点在本单元主要集中在: 表示状态，可以与一段时间连用。 31 1. 宾语从句的时态和语序; 序，所以正确答案是: when Tiger Woods started 是“保留”，borrow的含义是“借入”，lend的含2. 一般过去时和过去完成时的用法区别; golfing。 义是“借出”，只有use的含义是“使用”。在这3. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型; 2. (2004年北京市海淀区中考试题) 个句子里实际上是“使用”的意思，所以应选use。 4. 本单元学习的日常交际用语。 I’m interested in animals, so I 4. (2004年鄂州市中考试题) 考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和_____________ every Saturday working in an ---Hi, Ann. Where’s your brother? I need 完成句子。 animal hospital. his help. 【中考范例】 A. pay B. get C. take D. spend ---He left home two weeks ago and 1. (2004年北京市海淀区中考试题) 【解析】答案:D。该题考查的是pay, get, take________away ever since. ---Do you know ________________? 和spend这四个动词的用法区别。只有动词spend A. is B. was C. has been D. had been ---Only ten months old. 可以用在sb. spends time doing sth. 这个句型里，【解析】答案:C。该题考查的是动词时态的用 A. when does Tiger Woods start golfing 所以正确答案影视spend。 法区别。一般现在时表示经常发生的动作或现在所 B. when did Tiger Woods start golfing 3. (2004年天津市中考试题) 处的状态;一般过去时表示过去的动作或过去所处 C. when Tiger Woods starts golfing Could I ________ your telephone? I have 的状态;过去完成时表示过去的动作或过去的时间 D. when Tiger Woods started golfing something important to tell my parents. 以前发生的事情;现在完成时表示动作或状态从过 【解析】答案:D。该题考查的是宾语从句的时 A. keep B. borrow C. use D. lend 去某一时间开始一直延续到现在或刚刚结束。这里态和语序。这个宾语从句的时态应用一般过去时，【解析】答案:C。该题考查的是keep, borrow, 只能用现在完成时。 应为这里说的是过去的事情。语序应用陈述句的语use和lend四个动词的用法区别。keep的真正含义 初三年级(中) 【知识梳理】 4. not„any more 8. graduate from I. 重点短语 5. at the age of 9. turn down 1. give up 6. at that time 10. put up 2. try out 7. send message by telegraph 11. at the top of 3. most of 32 12. get together 34. in a few years' time 13. come up with 13. from house to house 35. point to 14. no matter how„ 14. at the end of 36. thanks to 15. keep sb./sth.warm 15. on top of 37. more or less III. 交际用语 16. as well 38. so far 1. ---I'm trying to „ 17. climb down 39. shut down 2. --- I'll „ 18. in a single night 40. send up 3. --- Which of these would you like most to „? 19. even though 41. put off 4. --- What do you want to „ ? II. 重要句型 20. live on 5. --- I want to„ 1.set one's mind to do sth. 21. once upon a time 6. --- I hope to „ 2. put „ together 22. according to 7. --- I plan to„ 3. stop„from„ 23. keep warm 8. --- I'm going to„ 4. keep„from„ 24. on the other hand 9. --- I'm so happy that „ 5. be filled with sth. 25. on show 10. --- I'm glad „. 6. give birth to 26. on display 11. --- me too. 7. be covered with 27. in the future 12. --- What's this called in English? 8. be made of 28. look up 13. --- What's it made of? 9. fill„with„ 29. Tree Planting Day 14. --- It's made of „ 10. match„with 30. just right 15. --- What's it used for? 11. be used for 31. as often as possible 16. --- It's used for „ 12. have nothing to do with 32. wash away 17. --- English is widely used for business/ „ 33. in this way 33 【名师讲解】 18. --- It is one of the world's most important Can we leave school after 6:00 p.m. ?我们1. be able to/ can languages as it is so widely used. 可以在下午6点之后再离开学校吗, (1) 都能表示“能够，具备干某件事的能力”这19. --- Where is / are „ grown / produced / 表示可能性。 个含义，此时可以互换。 made ? That man can’t be our new teacher. 那人 Mr. Green is able to finish the work on 20. --- The (ground ) must be just right„ 不可能是我们的新老师。 time. 21. --- It's best to „ The exam can’t be too difficult.考试不会 = Mr. Green can finish the work on time. 22. --- The hole should not be too deep. 太难。 格林先生能够按时完成这项工作。 23. --- The Great Green Wall is 7000 kilometres 2. bring/ take/carry/fetch (2) be able to可以用于各种时态，而can 为情long, and between 400 and 1700 kilometres (1) bring一般是指拿来，即从别处往说话人这 态动词，多用于现在时，其过去式为could。 wide. 里拿，翻译成“带来”。 We are sure he will be able to be an artist 24. --- The more, the better. He brought us some good news.他给我们带 when he grows up. 25. --- More or less! 来了一些好消息。 我们相信他长大后能够成为一名画家。 26. --- The (ground ) must be just right„ Please don’t forget to bring your Miss Lin has been able to pay the car by 27. --- The hole should not be too deep. homework tomorrow. herself. 28. 掌握以下常见标志: 明天请别忘了把家庭作业带来。 林小姐已经能够自己负担那辆车了。 ENTRANCE EXIT PUSH PULL NO SMOKING NO PARKING (2) take一般是指从说话人这里往别处拿，翻译(4) Can除了表示“能够，有能力做某事”以外，FRAGILE THIS SIDE UP NO PHOTOS DANGER 成“带走”。 还有如下用法，而be able to 则没有。表示BUSINESS HOURS Please take the umbrella with you. It’s 请求，但语 PLAY STOP PAUSE ON OFF going to rain.要下雨了，请把伞带上。 气没有could委婉 IV. 重要语法 She took the dictionary away.她把字典拿Can I have a look at this picture? 我能看1. 动词被动语态的结构和用法; 走了。 看这张图片吗, 2. 动词不定式的功能和用法。 34 (3) carry不强调方向，表示“携带、背着、运送、他们将到加拿大渡过整个假期。(所有格后) all既能修饰可数名词(名词须用复数)，又搬扛”等意思。 She has finished writing the whole 能修饰不可数名词。 They carried the boxes into the factory. book. 她已经写完了整本书。(冠词后 All these five books are mine.这五本书都 他们把箱子搬进了工厂。 whole用来修饰可数名词(名词用单数)。 是我的。(修饰可数名词) A taxi carried them to the station. 出He ate the whole cake. 他把整个蛋糕都吃了。She was worried about her son all the time. 租车送他们到了车站 (强调整整一个蛋糕) 她总在为她的儿子担心。(修饰不可数名词) (4) fetch表示的是“去取来、去拿来、去叫来”(2) all强调由一个个部分组成的“全部”。 4. fill/ full 等意思，包含去和来两趟。 Miss Green knew all the students in the (1) fill常作动词，与with连用，意思是“注 The waiter fetched them some apples.侍者class. 满、装满”，也能表示“填空;补缺”的意思。 为他们取来了一些苹果。 格林小姐认识这个班上的所有人。(一个一个He filled the box with chalk.他把粉笔装满 Mother fetched the doctor for her ill son.全认识) 了盒子。 妈妈为生病的儿子请来了医生。 all在句中的位置是放在所有格，定冠词和指The bucket is filled with water.水桶里装3. whole/ all 示代词的之前。 满了水。 (1) whole强调一个完整如一，互不分割的整体。 Jim finished all his homework in twenty (2) full是形容词，翻译成“满的，装满的”， The whole country is suffering the war. 整minutes. 常与of连用。此外还能表示“完全的”和“吃 个国家正遭遇战争。 吉姆在20分钟之内完成了所有的作业。(所有饱的，过饱的”。 I just want to know the whole story.我仅格前) All the rooms are full of people.所有的房 仅只想知道完整的故事。 Of all the boys here, he sings best.在这间都满人了。 whole在句中的位置是放在所有格，冠词和指里所有的男孩之中，他唱的最好。(定冠词前) The bus was full. He had to wait for the next 示代词的之后。 The boy can answer all these questions.one.这辆车人满了，他只有等下一辆。 They will spend their whole holiday in 那个男孩能够回答所有的这些问题。(指示代5. be made of/ be made from/ be made in/ be made Canada. 词前) into 35 (1) be made of表示"由„制成", 一般指能够看The paper has been made into clothes for the Neither of the boys is from England. 这两出原材料，或发生的是物理变化。 doll. 纸被做成了洋娃娃的衣服。 个男孩都不是来自英国。 This table cloth is made of paper.这张桌6. none/ no one/ neither I know neither of them.他们两个我都不认识。 布是由纸做的。 (1) none既能指人，又能指物，意思是"没有一7. found/ find This salad is made of apples and 个，无一"，常用作代词，与of连用。 (1) find的意思是"找到、发现"，其过去式和过去 strawberries.这种沙拉是由苹果和草莓做None of us has heard of him before.我们没分词都是found. 的。 有一个人以前听说过他。 I can't find my glasses.我找不着我的眼镜了。 (2) be made from也表示"由„制成"，但一般指I like none of the coats. 那些外套我一件 He found it boring to sit here alone.他发看不出原材料，或发生的是化学变化。 都不喜欢。 现独自坐在这里很没劲。 Bread is made from corn.面包是小麦做的。 none用作主语时，谓语动词用单复数皆可。 (2) found是另外一个词，与find并没有关系，意The lifeboat is made from some special None of the answers is true.没有一个答案思是"成立、建设"，常用作及物动词。 material.这个救生艇是由某种特殊材料制成是正确的。 The People's Republic of China was founded 的。 None of the rooms are mine.没有一间房子是in 1949.中华人民共和国成立于1949年。 (3) be made in指的是产地，意思为"于„制造"。 我的。 The school was founded by the local residents. The caps are made in Russia.这些帽子产于(2) no one只能用来指人，且不能与of连用。 这所学校是由当地居民修建的。 俄罗斯。 No one is absent.没有人缺席。 8. hear / hear of/ hear from My mother likes to buy things which are made I knew no one there.那里我一个人也不认识。 (1)hear的意思是"听见;听说，得知"，后面能接in China. no one用作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数。 名词、代词或宾语从句。 我妈妈喜欢买中国产的东西。 No one agrees with you. 没有人同意你的说 We heard the news just a moment ago.我刚听(4) be made into的意思为"被制成为„"。 法。 说这个消息。 This piece of wood will be made into a small (3) neither作代词是对两者都进行否定，意思 Can you hear me? 能听见我说话吗, bench. 这块木头将要被制成一个小凳。 为"两者都不"，作主语时谓语动词用单数。 (2) hear of的意思是"听说"，一般指非直接的听 36 见，而是听别人说的。后不能接宾语从句。 词。若表示到达一个相对大的地点，用arrive in ; We often get to school on foot.我们经常步 I have never heard of her.我从未听说过她。 若表示相对小的地点，用arrive at . 行到学校。 They heard of the film long time ago.他们 The delegation will arrive in China at 5:00 They got to the top of the hill at noon.他很久以前就听说过这部电影。 p.m.代表团将于下午5:00到达北京。 们于中午到达了山顶。 【考点扫描】 (3) hear from的意思是"收到来信"，与"听"无关。 It was dark when they arrived at the railway 中考考点在本单元主要集中在: I often hear from him. 我经常收到他的来信。 station.当他们到达火车站的时候，天已经黑了。 1. 动词被动语态的结构和用法; He hasn't heard from his mother for a long When did she arrive here last time? 她上次2. 动词不定式的功能和用法; time.他很久没有收到妈妈的信了 是什么时候到这儿的,(副词前省略介词) 3. 本单元的词汇、短语和句型; 9. send/ send for (2) reach能直接接所到达的地点，是一个及物动4. 本单元学过的交际用语。 考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和(1) send意思是"送往，派遣"，还有"发信，寄信词。 完成句子。 "的意思。 They reached London on Friday.他们星期五到 【中考范例】 The company sent him to study abroad.公司达了伦敦。 1. (2004年北京市中考试题) 派他到国外学习去了。 The news only reached me yesterday.我于昨 Aunt Li often asks her son ________ too much Mr. Brown sent her children away.布郎夫人天才接到这个消息。 meat. It’s bad for his health. A. don’t eat B. not to eat C. not eat D. 送走了孩子们。 reach还有"伸手去取，伸手触及，联络"等意 to not eat (2) send for意思是"召唤;派人去取;派人去拿思。 【解析】答案:B。该题考查的是动词不定式的"，而非本人亲自去。 Can you reach that apple on the tree? 你能构成和用法。这个句子的基本句型是ask sb. not to They have sent for a repairman.他们已经派够到树上的哪个苹果吗, do sth. 这里，not to eat 是不定式的否定式做宾人去请了一名修理工。 He can always be reached on the phone.可随语补足语。 2. (2004年嘉兴市中考试题) She sent for some flowers.她派了人去买花。 时打电话跟他联系。 China is becoming stronger and stronger, so 10. get to/ arrive/ reach (3) get在表示"到达"时是不及物动词，应与to Chinese ________ in more American schools (1) arrive后不能直接接地点，是一个不及物动搭配使用。 37 now. in 1977. A. keep up with B. catch up with C. feed up A. was taught B. is taught C. teaches D. A. sells B. sold C. was sold D. is sold with D. come up with taught 【解析】答案:C。该题考查的是动词的语态和【解析】答案:D。该题考查的是短语动词用法。 【解析】答案:B。该题考查的是动词的语态和时态。This painting只能被卖，所以用被动语态，本单元学习的短语动词come up with a new idea时态。Chinese 是一种语言，只能被人教，因此要又因为是1977年卖的，所以用一般过去时。 意思是想出新主意，正符合题意。 用被动语态。又因为说的现在的情况，动词要用一4. (2004年扬州市中考试题) 般现在时。所以选B。 ---If you ________ a new idea, please call me 3. (2004年河北省中考试题) as soon as possible. This painting ________ to a museum in New York ---Sure, I will. 初三年级(下) 【知识梳理】 II. 重要句型 11. make up one's mind, I. 重点短语 1. be busy doing sth. 12. at all, 2. prefer to do sth. 1. beg one's pardon 13. at least 3. regard... as... 2. multiply „by„ 14. by the time 4. be pleased with sth./sb. 3. slow down 15. carry on 5. be angry with sb. 4. wear out III. 交际用语 16. never mind 5. try on 1. ---How much does„ cost „? 17. from now on 6. make a decision, 2. ---It can cost as little as „ yuan and as 18. come down 7. a place of interest much as „ yuan. 19. hands up 8. make a mistake 3. ---It costs „. 20. before long， 9. drop off 4. ---It's worth „. 21. no one， 10. think about 5. ---I don't agree with „. 22. not„any longer 38 6. ---I wasn't sure whether„. 26. ---It was great. 1. think/ think/about/ think of 7. ---I wonder if „. 27. ---Wow! (1) think 单独使用时表示"思考"， 接that 宾语8. ---What size „? 28. ---Yeah! 从句时意为"认为"，"觉得"。 9. ---Have you got any other colour / size / kind? 29. ---Oh dear! I am thinking how to work out the problem. 10. ---Have you got anything cheaper? 30. ---Hands up! I think she is a good student. 11. ---How much are they? 31. ---I’ll shoot anyone who moves. 当宾语从句含有否定概念时，通常形式上否定12. ---How much does it cost? 32. ---There’s no need to thank me. think ，但意义上却是否定宾语从句。 13. ---How much is it? 33. ---Can you remember anything else about him? I don't think he can come. 14. ---That's a bit expensive. 34. ---Come down, Polly! I don't think it will be windy. 15. ---Even though they're a little expensive, 35. ---There is a little traffic accident( (2)think about 可接一个名词，动词-ing 形式I'll take them. 36. ---There's a big traffic jam. 或由疑问词引导的不定式或宾语从句，意思是"考 37. ---Well, I'm sure he'll be here before long. 16. ---I'll think about „. 虑„„"。 38. ---I'm beginning to get angry with him! 17. ---I don't think I'll take „. I have thought about it for a long time. 39.---Yes, we can't wait any longer. Let's go 18. ---I like „. Please think about how to tell her the bad without him. 19. ---I don't really like „. 40. ---That's terrible! news. 20. ---Can I help you, girl? 41. ---That's a really bad excuse! (3)think of 表示"认为"， 一般用于疑问句中，21. ---Would you like me to look in the back? IV. 重要语法 与what 连用。 22. ---We can find „. 1. 过去将来时 What do you think of the TV play? = How do 23. ---Do you like being „? 2. 过去完成时 you like the TV play? 24. ---Can I ask you some questions? 3. 动词不定式 2. big/ large/ great 25. ---Sure. 4. 定语从句 上述形容词都表示"大"，但侧重点及程度不同。 【名师讲解】 (1) big指具体事物的大小，强调比正常形体的标 39 准大，既可用在普通场合， 也可用在正式场合。它精力、生命等;主语必须是物。) The cheap table was bought from him. 这张 可用来指人的身材高大或"长大了"，还可表示"伟大 The book cost me five yuan. 便宜的桌子是他卖给我们的。 "，"重要"之意。如: (2) take的主语是动词不定式, 通常用it做形This cloth doll is very cheap. 这只布娃娃 Can you lift up this big stone? 式主语。 很便宜。 On the last day I made a big decision. It took me five yuan to buy the book.. (2)high在表示价格时，含义是"高"，low在表示 (2) large特别强调远远超过 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 的大，指体积、(3) spend，在主动语句中主语是人 价格时，含义是"低"，这两个词不能用于物品本 面积、容积、数量之大。如: I spent five yuan on (for) the book.或I 身，只 A whale is a large animal. spent five yuan (in) buying the book. 能用在价格上。如: A large crowd collected at the gate of the (4) pay的主语是人。 The price of this watch is very high. 这 theatre. I paid five yuan for the book. 只表的价格太高了。 (3) great除了表示数量体积之大外，又指抽象4. expensive/ high/ cheap/ low The price of this book is not low for me. 的程度，意味着伟大性，重要性， 优越性;常 这四个词在谈论到价格的高低时，要注意使用。这本书的价格对我来说是不低。 用于抽象 expensive与high涉及到价格"高"，而cheap 与low下面我们试看几个句子的正误对照: 或无形的东西;用于有形的东西时，常带有"伟大"，涉及到价格"低"。 The price of this computer is expensive. "大得令人吃惊"等意思，含有一定的感情色彩。 (1) expensive昂贵的，花钱多的。这个单词若(宜改为:This computer is expensive. 或 如: 谈到"价格高，货贵"时，其主语不能是价格，必须The price of this computer is high. ) China is a great country with a long 是货物、物品本身。如: The price of this pen is not cheap for him history. This watch is expensive. 这只表很贵。 to buy. He was one of the greatest scientists. These glass-products are not expensive. 这(宜改为:This pen is not cheap for him to 3. cost/ take/ spend/ pay 些玻璃制品不是很值钱。 buy. 或 The price of this pen is not low for (1) cost表示"花钱"，花费，付出(只能用于钱、注意:cheap表示"价廉"，"便宜的"，其主语也him. ) 不能是价格，必须是物品本身。如: 40 5. alone/ lonely 则没有上述搭配用法。 While I was watching TV, he was reading. 当 lonely 与alone的意思比较接近，但在使用时 They began the test yesterday, but we had 我在看电视的时候，他正在看书。 有所区别: made experiment long before. While there is life, there is hope. 有生命 (1)lonely用作形容词，意思是"孤单的;寂寞我们昨天开始做实验，但我们在那以前很久就就有希望。 的"。可指心灵上的寂寞，也可指偏僻的地点。已经做准备了。 8. beat/win/ hit 在句中既可作表语，也可作定语。 7. as/ when/ while (1)beat 是动词，意思是"连续地打; 打败; 敲打 (2)alone 可作形容词和副词，意思是"单独;(1)as 是连词，意思是"当„„的时候，一面„„"。beat后可接人或队名。意思是"击败对手。" 独自"，不指心理上寂寞的感觉。 一面"，(强调同时，一般连续时间不长)，如: 如: She was taken to a lonely island, lived As we were talking about Titanic, our teacher I can beat you at swimming. alone, but she never felt lonely. came in. (2)win意思是"赢得某个项目"，后面常接"match, 她被带到一个荒岛上，自己居住，但她从不感正当我们谈论"泰坦尼克号"这部电影时，教师进game"。如: 到寂寞。 来了。 He won a game. 他胜一局。 6. before long/ long before The students sing as they go along. 学生们We won a match. 我们比赛得胜。 (1)before long 作“不久以后”讲，切不要按字边走边唱。 (3)hit意思是"击中"(有时可表示"打一下")。面译为“长时间以前”或“好久以前”。如: (2)When和as一样都是连词，注意它们的不同。如: We hope to finish our experiment before 如when"当„„的时候"(一般表示动作紧接着The mother hit her child out of anger. 妈 long. 我们希望不久(以后)就把实验做完。 发生); 妈生气，打了她孩子一下。 (2)long before 作"很久以前"讲。原意为"„„"那时"(等立连词，前有逗号分开) 9. keep doing/keep on doing 以前很久"，故也可译为"老早"。long before I stayed till sunset, when it began to rain. (1)keep doing侧重表示"持续不停地做某事"或" 跟before long 我一直呆到太阳下山，那时天开始下雨了。 持续某种状态"。如: 不同，前者在其后面可以接名词或一个从句;当上(3)while是"当„„时候;和„„同时"(强调同 The girl kept crying all the time. 那个女下文明确时，名词或从句还可以省略。Before long 时发生，一般连续时间较长) 孩一直在哭。 41 The baby kept sleeping about four hours. 这He stole money from the rich to give it to 13. Shoot/ shoot at 个婴儿连续睡了大约四个小时。 the poor. shoot是及物动词，意思是“射中，射死”，(2)keep on doing 表示"总不断做某事"，不表示They robbed the bank of one million dollars. 宾语多为人或动物等。而shoot at是一个动词词组，静止状态。不能与sitting, sleeping, lying, 12. see/look/watch/notice 意为“向„„射击”，至于射中或射死与否不得而standing这类 在英语中，see，look，watch，notice都有“看”知。如: 词连用。如: 的意思，要注意他们的区别。 The man shot five birds in the forest(那It kept on raining for seven days. see意为“看到”，表示视觉器官有意识或无个人在森林里射死(中)了五只鸟。 Don't keep on asking such silly questions. 意识地看到物体，强调“看到”的结果。 The hunter shot at the bear(猎人朝熊射击10. get/ turn/ become look意为“看”，表示有意识地观看，强调“看”了。 这三个词都可作系动词用，表示状态的变化，的动作。 They shot at the she,wolf， but didn't 后跟表语，但三个词的用法稍有不同。get强调情感、watch意为“观看，注视”，指以较大的注意shoot her(他们向那只母狼射击，但是没有射气候和环境的变化;turn强调色彩的变化;而become 力观看。 中,死。 则强调职务、职称等的变化。如: notice意为“看到，注意到”，指有意识的注14. escape/ run away The days are getting shorter and shorter in winter(冬天的白天越来越短。 意，含有从不注意到注意的变化的意义。例如: (1)escape作“逃跑”、“逃脱”或“逃避”讲She couldn't answer the question and her What can you see in the picture,在图画中时，往往会有成功之意。如: face turned red(她回答不出问题，脸红了。 你能看到什么, The old man escaped death(那个老人死里逃When did you become a teacher? - Ten years Look! How happily they are playing～看～生。 ago.你什么时候当的老师,十年前。 他们玩得多高兴啊～ The thief escaped from prison(那个小偷越11. steal / rob He’s watched TV for over two hours(他看狱了。 从意思上讲steal表示偷窃的意思。而rob表 了两个多小时的电视。 (2)run away作“逃跑”、“跑走”讲时，往往示抢劫的意思;从搭配上来讲，steal sth from He noticed a purse lying on the road(他强调动作。如: sb/sth ;而rob则用rob sb/sth of sth; 例如: 注意到地上有个钱包。 Don't let him run away( 别让他跑了。 42 ---Did you win the football game? 口语中escape和run away可以互用。 4. 定语从句; ---Bad luck. Our team __________ in the final 5. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型; 15. so that..../ so... that.... one. 6. 本单元学过的交际用语。 (1) so that....为了，以便 。引导一个目的状A. won B. beat C. was won D. was beaten 考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和语从句，从句中往往有情态动词。也可引导一【解析】答案:D。该题考查的是动词搭配和动完成句子。 个结果状语从句。如: 词的语态。动词win通常和比赛一类的词连用，不【中考范例】 与人或队连用，因此可以排除A和C。beat是个及I left at 5:00 so that I could catch the 1. (2004年济宁市中考试题) 物动词，既然我们的运气不好，就是输了，应该用 He wanted to know ______________. early bus. 被动语态。 A. whether he speaks at the meeting B. Speak loudly, so that they can hear what you 4. (2004年广州市中考试题) when the meeting would start say. ---Who is the man ________ was talking to our B. what he’s going to do at the meeting D. He didn't study English so that he lost a English teacher? where would the meeting be held ---Oh! It’s Mr Baker, our maths teacher. chance to work in a foreign company. 【解析】答案:B。该题考查的是宾语从句的语 A. he B. that C. whom D. which 序和时态。因为主句的时态是一般过去时，所以从(2) so... that....既可引导一个结果状语从句， 【解析】答案:B。该题考查的是引导定语从句句应用过去将来时，这就排除了A和B。宾语从句的也可引导一个目的状语从句。 关系代词的选择。由于先行词是人，可以排除A和D。时态应该是陈述句的语序，所以只有B是对的。 如:The classroom was so noisy that I could 而该词在定语从句中作主语，只有B合适。 2. (2004年烟台市中考试题) hardly study. ---Why didn’t you go to the movie yesterday? I got up so early in the morning that I could ---Because I ___________ it before. A. had watched B. have seen C. have catch the train. watched D. had seen 【考点扫描】 【解析】答案:D。该题考查的是动词的搭配以中考考点在本单元主要集中在: 及现在完成时和过去完成时的用法区别。看电影习1. 过去将来时; 惯商用see a movie, 又因为说的昨天以前发生的事2. 过去完成时; 情，应该用过去完成时。只有D正确。 3. 动词不定式; 3. (2004年重庆市中考试题) 43