教育部全国翻译证书考试2001年试题(中级笔译)

教育部全国翻译证书考试2001年试 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 (中级笔译) 教育部全国翻译证书考试2001年试题(中级笔译) 中级笔译 考试时间:240分钟 Part 1 Translation from English into Chinese 2 hours Read the following two passages. Translate them into Chinese. Write you answers on this paper. You may use the additional paper for any rough work but you must copy your answers onto this paper. Passage 1 Artificial speech Because speech is the most convenient form of communication, in the future we want essentially natural conversations with computers. The primary point of contact will be a simple device that will act as our window on the world. You will simply talk to it. The device will be permanently connected to the internet and will beep relevant information up to you as it comes in. Just how quickly people will adapt to a voice-based internet world is uncertain. Many believe that, initially at least, we will need similar conventions for the voice to those we use at present on screen: click, back, forward, and so on. But soon you will undoubtedly be able to interact by voice with all those IT-based services you currently connect with over the Internet by means of a keyboard. This will help the Internet serve the entire population, not just techno-freaks. Changes like this will encompass the whole world. Because English is the language of science, it will probably remain the language in which the technology is most advanced, but most speech-recognition techniques are transferable to other languages provided there is sufficient motivation to undertake the work. Within ten years we will have computers that respond to goal-directed conversations, but for a computer to have a conversation that takes into account human social behaviour is probably 50 years off. We?re not going to be chatting to the big screen in the living room just yet. There are those in the IT community who believe that current techniques will eventually hit a brick wall. Personally, I believe that incremental developments in performance are more likely. But it?s true that by about 2040 or so, computer architectures will need to become highly parallel if performance is to keep increasing. Perhaps that will inspire some radically new approaches to speech understanding that will supplant the methods we?re developing now. Small vendors engage in simple spot-market transactions, with buyers and sellers dealing face to face to trade fairly standard products whose quality is easy to verify. Lange multinational firms exchange more differentiated products, face greater difficulties in verifying quality, and must span greater separations in time and space between one part of the transaction and the other. Most economies have both types of markets. But the first is relatively more common in developing countries, the second in industrial economies. Developed markets- more global, more inclusive, and more integrated-offer more opportunity and choice. Underdeveloped markets, more likely in poor countries, tend to be more local and segmented. So, compared with farmers in Canada, poor farmers in Bangladesh have fewer opportunities and far fewer formal institutions (such as banks and formal courts ) to reduce their risks and increase their opportunities. What limits market opportunities? The transaction costs stemming from inadequate information and incomplete definition and enforcement of property rights. And barriers to entry for new participants. What increases them? Institutions that raise the returns from market exchange, reduce risk, and increase efficiency. Yet not all institutions promote inclusive markets. Institutional designs that evolve through historical circumstances or are directed by policy makers are not necessarily the best for all of society or for economic growth and poverty reduction. For instance, state agricultural marketing boards, instead of helping farmers, have often resulted in lower incomes for them in Africa. And institutions that once supported market transactions can outlive their usefulness, for example, privatization agencies and bank restructuring agencies. The challenge for policymakers is to shape institutional development in ways that enhance economic development. Part 2 Translation from Chinese into English 2 hours Read the following two passages. Translate them into Chinese. Write you answers on this paper. You may use the additional paper for any rough work but you must copy your answers onto this paper. Passage 1 保姆校长 常常听到一些大学校长说:“我把学生当自己的儿女看待。”他也真做得像个严父慈母:规定 学生睡眠要足8小时，清晨6点必须起床做操，不许穿拖鞋在校内行走，等等。 我一直以为大学校长是高瞻远瞩、的指导学术与教育大方向的决策人，而不是管馒头稀饭的 保姆。教育者或许会说:“这些学生如果进大学以前，就已经学好自治自律的话，我就不必 如此喂之哺之;就是因为基础教育没教好，所以我办大学的人不得不教。” 听起来有理，可是学生之所以在小学、的中学12年间没有学会自治自律，就是因为他们一 直接受喂哺式的辅导，大学再来继续进行“育婴”，这岂不是一个没完没了的恶性循环,我们 对大学教育的期许是什么,教出一个言听计从、的循规蹈矩的学生，还是教出一个自己会看 情况、的做决定的学生, Passage 2 发展问题 发展问题一直是世界各国普遍关注的问题。大部分发展中国家取得独立后，在发展民族经济、 的改变贫穷落后面貌、的缩小同发达国家的经济差距等方面，取得了巨大成绩。一些国家实 现了经济“起飞”，甚至创造了“奇迹”。经济增长是社会发展的基础，但有增长不一定有发展。 为了避免“有增长、的无发展”的现象，世界各国都把可持续发展作为国家宏观经济发展战略 的一种重要选择，并深刻认识到，人类需要一个持续发展的途径。这是人类发展观的重大转 折，具有深远的历史意义。 然而，在保持生态环境问题上，发展中国家存在的问题较为严重。特别是，一些发展中国家 或没有认识到可持续发展的深刻内涵，或认识得很不深刻，采取的不得力。因此，在今后制 定新的经济发展战略时，把可持续发展作为一个突出的重要 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 ，是大多数发展中国家面临 的迫切和艰巨的任务。 教育部全国翻译证书考试2001年试题(中级口译) 考试时间:30分钟 Part 1 English into Chinese [// 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示停顿] International Cooperation Against Transnational Organized Crime Organized crime groups pose challenges as never before to societies everywhere. Whether involved in drug trafficking, money laundering, people smuggling or outright terrorism they operate in a sophisticated way without regard to national frontiers. The profits of crime are vast. The International Monetary Fund has stated that he aggregate size of money laundering in the world could be somewhere between two and five per cent of the world?s gross domestic product. Putting a dollar figure on that, it is estimated that money laundering activity could now involve as much as 1.5 trillion US dollars a year, and it seems likely that half of that figure is attributable to the proceeds of drug trafficking.// Given that profits of this scale can be made, the temptations for people at all levels to get involved are manifest, and we must clearly understand and beak down the vicious cycle that exists between money laundering)and corruption: corruption has to be well funded to, succeed in its object of corrupting public officials and others, and that is being achieved all too often by the use of illicit assets. The manner in which we respond to this problem is not only a test of our concern for a safer world, but a measure of our determination to create a decent future for coning generations.// In the wake of the events of 11 September 2001, a war against terrorism is being pursued on various fronts. This includes a direct assault on money laundering, which is now recognized, more so than ever before, as an insidious crime which is all pervasive. It threatens the stability of our societies. It undermines our financial institutions. It challenges our national security. As a transnational crime, money laundering can only be combated through close cooperation among national authorities efforts by states acting alone to attack the economic power of criminal groups will not succeed if other states do not take complementary action. In the absence of a coordinated and effective international framework, all too often non-participating countries offer criminals safe havens for laundering funds.// And as patterns of crime develop and become mere sophisticated and profitable, we in law enforcement must be adequately resourced, fully trained, and efficiently deployed We must prosecute the organized criminals, size their assets, and disrupt their operations. The fight against money laundering will be a protracted and complex process, and we must be prepaid to play a long game. Our societies expect no less of us. For when we fight money laundering, we fight organized crime. When we fight money laundering, we keep drugs out playgrounds and away from our kids. We keep weapons out of the hands of terrorists. We protect small business. And we safeguard the human dignity of women and children trafficked into forced labor and prostitution. When we stop criminals from enjoying the of their illicit activity, we serve the cause of freedom and justice. For law enforcement, there is no higher calling.// Part 2 Chinese into English 信息革命 当前，以信息技术为代表的高新技术发展日新月异，信息技术与信息产业正在有力地推动着 经济全球化的进程，并由此产生了新的经济模式，催生了一些新的产业，加速了世界性的产 业结构、的产品结构的调整，对全球社会经济活动产生了难以估量的影响。 全球信息产业技术目前正以两位数的年增长率高速排展，互联网已经连接了159个国家和地 区，近3万个电脑网络、的7000多万台服务器主机和1万多个数据库，上网用户已达1.96 亿。整个信息产业的产值半年来更是提高了近100万倍。// 自第一台电子计算机在1946年问世以来，其发展速度是所有学科中最快的。近30多年来， 计算机平均性能保持每年增长50%。根据摩尔定律，集成电路中芯片的计算能力每18至24 个月会增长一倍。 通信与信息技术进步大大加快了全球经济一体化的进程。一方面，由于各国信息网络的发展 和全球互联，加快了信息的传递和交流，极大地促进了国际贸易、的国际金融和跨国生产经 营活动的发展。另一方面，国际经济活动的高速发展和全球经济一体趋势的形成，又进一步 扩大了国际信息交流的需求，促进了信息网络的建设与发展。// 目前，中国的信息产业发展速度较快，迈讨合资合作的方式引进了一些先进的生产线，并通 过技术创新使信息产业的整体水平得到了提高。但是，我们也应该充分地认识到，面对市场 竞争，尤其是面对国际竞争，一个最突出的弱点，就是我们缺乏具有自主知识产权的技术和 产品。这些年，信息产业是在低基数下获得了高速发展，但是核心信息技术和应用中的产品、 的技术多是境外品牌，国内需求自给给率不到20%。 我们今后的挑战是，如何发挥中华民族优良的创意传统，促成全面适应引世纪新形势要求的 民族信息产业的腾飞和蓬勃发展。// 教育部全国翻译证书考试2002年试题(中级笔译) Part 1 Translation from English into Chinese 2 hours Read the following two passages. Translate them into Chinese. Write your answers on this paper. You may use the additional paper for any rough work but you must copy your answers onto this paper. Passage 1 The Atlantic Alliance Needs Tending The U.S. and Europe. These days, they bicker almost like a couple whose long marriage is in danger of unravelling. The litany of misunderstandings and mutual resentment seems to be growing. From the death penalty to steel tariffs, from the Israeli-Palestinian conflict to military spending, there is an abyss between American and European positions on innumerable issues. Each side feels the other isn?t shouldering enough of the burdens facing both. The Europeans see an unbending posture, from the Bush Administration?s protecting inefficient U.S. steel companies to its threats to take out Iraq?s Saddam Hussein—alone, if necessary. U.S. policymakers, for their part, are losing patience with Europeans? inability to get serious about defence spending. The war in Afghanistan has brought home the reality that much of Europe has fallen behind in military technology. And Washington is annoyed at Europe?s feckless attempts at economic reforms. As a result, Europe couldn?t play the role of economic locomotive to help pull the U.S. out of its downturn in 2001. This year, Europe is set to grow less than the U.S. once again. Relationships in trouble can be fixed, and this one had better be. In a world increasingly fraught with danger, European leaders must commit themselves to bigger military budgets or risk being marginalised by the U.S. military machine. The $ 45.1 billion hike in military spending the Bush Administration is pushing for next year is $12.1 billion more than the entire defence budget of France. The U.S. could help by opening up more of its vast military market to European partners. And Washington should realise that in many global challenges a smart multilateral approach can be much more effective than unilateralism. A world in which the U.S. and Europe go off on their own, in which the Atlantic alliance is reduced to mere lip service to ideals long since abandoned, is a frightening one. Passage 2 New Technologies Some new technologies are frightening from the start, and the need to establish political controls over their development and use is obvious to all. When the first atomic bomb was detonated at Alamogordo, New Mexico, in the summer of 1945, not one of the witnesses to this event failed to understand that a terrible new potential for destruction had been created. Nuclear weapons were thus from the very beginning ringed with political controls: Individuals could not freely develop nuclear technology on their own or traffic in the parts necessary to create atomic bombs, and in time, nations that became signatories to the 1968 nonproliferation treaty agreed to control international trade in nuclear technology. Other new technologies appear to be much more benign, and are consequently subject to little or no regulation. Personal computers and the Internet, for example, promised to create wealth, increase access to information, and foster community among their users. People have had to look hard for downsides to the information revolution. What they have found to date are issues like the so-called “digital divide” (i.e., inequality of access to information technology) and threats to privacy, neither of which qualify as earth-shaking matters of justice or morality. Despite occasional efforts on the part of the world?s more statist societies to try to control the use of information technology, it has blossomed in recent years. Biotechnology falls somewhere between these extremes. Transgenic crops and human genetic engineering make people far more uneasy than do personal computers or the Internet. But biotechnology also promises important benefits for human health and well-being. When presented with an advance like the ability to cure diabetes, it is hard for people to articulate reasons why their unease with the technology should stand in the way of progress. It is easiest to object to a new biotechnology if its development leads to a botched clinical trial or to a deadly allergic reaction to a genetically modified food. But the real threat of biotechnology lies in the possibilities of human cloning, “designer babies”—eugenic selection for intelligence, sex, and personality—and eventually, the end of the human species as such. Part 2 Translation from Chinese into English 2 hours Read the following two passages. Translate them into English. Write your answers on this paper. You may use the additional paper for any rough work but you must copy your answers onto this paper. Passage 1 引导农民向城市转移 中国有12多亿人口，农民占了9亿多。尽管农村社会在进一步分化，但农村人口却没有减 少，反而在增加。据中国社科院调查，与1978年相比，1999年农民增加了800多万人。一 份 研究报告 水源地可行性研究报告美术课题研究中期报告师生关系的个案研究养羊可行性研究报告可行性研究报告诊所 指出，“没有城市化的发展，农村、的农业和农民的问题也不可能得到有效解决。 过去人们常讲，农民问题归根到底是土地问题，这个问题已经基本解决了。现在的农民问题 是就业问题。”因此，调整城乡社会结构，加快城市化的步伐，改变城市化严重滞后于工业 化的状况，应是当务之急。一些经济学家估计，到2005年，中国农村剩余劳动力将上升至 两亿人，这一庞大人口需要城市来吸纳。 转移庞大的农村人口，仅靠大城市显然是远远不够的，因为大城市的就业压力普遍较重。一 些专家认为，农村人口转移的出路还是应以小城镇为主。城镇居民的生活支出、的子女的教 育投入等都比农民高出许多，城镇提供的就业机会也远比农村多。 Passage 2 中年人的阅读 随着年龄的增长，书会像潮水一样涌来。不能随便歌颂书了，书往往是一些垃圾。清除垃圾 很难，但起码可以绕开，绕得越远越好。当然有时候对于某些书的疏离，不只是书本身的问 题，而主要是人的问题:作为一个读者，他的心情变了。 让青少年兴奋的书，中老年人不一定看。人一到了中年，心情多多少少变得苍凉了。中年人 的情感既结实又朴素，这就影响到书的选择。有阅读能力和阅读习惯的中年人是很多的，他 们的知识、的经验和判断力有可能在深层左右着阅读的方向和趣味。中年人更愿意看真实事 件和场景的 记录 混凝土 养护记录下载土方回填监理旁站记录免费下载集备记录下载集备记录下载集备记录下载 ，比如重要人物的传记，游历笔记，回忆录和目击记，地理勘察录，探险记 等等。在这种阅读中有一些特别的快感，那是因为整个过程始终伴随了这样的提醒:这些文 字是真实的。 上海市2002年9月中级口译试题 2002年9月中级口译试题 上海市英语中级口译资格证书第一阶段考试2002年9月 (Test Book) SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (40 MINUTES) Part A: Spot Dictation Direction: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE. As long as we are in a relationship, there is the potential for lasting happiness as well as for serious conflict. This applies at work, _________(1), and at home. The simple fact is that relationships are not always _________(2) sailing. Conflict can lead to anger, hostility, and further conflicts. On the other hand, it can be used as _________(3) for solving problems. For example, you can handle conflict by _________(4) that the problem exists, smoothing it over, or trying to overpower the other person. These, of course, will _________(5) win or lose situations. But when you resolve conflict through collaboration and compromise, you can achieve _________(6) situations. In today?s lecture, I shall outline a few steps on _________(7) transform a conflict into a solution in which both parties win. First _________(8). Explain the problem to the other party. You should _________(9) the conflict. It?s hard to fix something before _________(10) on what is broken. Second, understand all points of view. Set aside your own opinions for a moment and _________(11) to understand the other points of view. When people feel that they have been heard, they?re often more _________(12). Third, brainstorm solutions. Dream up as many solutions as you can and _________(13) them one by one. This step will require _________(14). Talk about which solutions will work and _________(15) they will be to implement. Your solutions need to be acceptable by both parties, so you should be prepared to _________(16). Later, you?ll need to review the _________(17) of the accepted solution. If it _________(18), be open to making changes or _________(19)to bring about a new solution. Finally, implement. When you have both _________(20), decide who is going to do what by when. Then keep your agreements. Part B: Listening Comprehension 1. Statements Directions: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. 1. (A) Mr. Baker doesn?t like to go to the meeting last night. (B) Last night Mr. Baker decided to cancel this morning?s meeting. (C) Mr. Baker made up his mind not to go to this morning?s meeting. (D) Mr. Baker made a last-minute decision to hold the meeting this morning. 2. (A) Hard work often brings about discomfort in parts of the human body. (B) If you are nervous, you may hurt yourself in performing this kind of task. (C) Those staff members who work back to back are hard on each other. (D) This exercise is to relax your muscles in the neck, the shoulders and the back. 3. (A) We have been working on this machine for two years. (B) Free maintenance work is for a period of two years. (C) You don?t have to do repair work on this machine in two years. (D) With monthly cleaning, the oil in this machine can run for two years. 4. (A) Only those high school graduates with excellent skills can be admitted into colleges. (B) No matter how difficult it is, high school graduates should at least try twice to get themselves into colleges. (C) Students should consider what they want to learn in the university. (D) Once in the university, you will feel superior to those drop-out students. 5. (A) All the board members voted for the Chairman?s proposal to open the branch office. (B) The Chairman was not in favor of the opening of a branch office in the suburbs. (C) The board members are expecting a new Chairman from the downtown office. (D) The chairman?s proposal to set up a branch office was turned down by the board members. 6. (A) Mary had made an appointment to see the personnel manager last Tuesday. (B) Mary has been applying for a job and is going to see the personnel manager next week. (C) Mary is shortsighted and cannot see that personnel manager in the next office. (D) Mary didn?t get that job since she was rude to the personnel manager on Tuesday. 7. (A) The supermarket will be finished in sixty days. (B) It took us more than sixty days to finish building the supermarket. (C) The supermarket should have been finished sixty days ago. (D) The supermarket had been built sixty days earlier. 8. (A) Her attendance record was severely damaged. (B) Her attendance record was never perfect. (C) She had once assisted in keeping the attendance record. (D) She had kept a near-perfect attendance record. 9. (A) He didn?t know what would happen if he made the suggestion. (B) He didn?t feel nervous after he had put forward the suggestion. (C) He realized that the committee members would not adopt his suggestion. (D) He considered it important to talk to the committee members first. 10. (A) The Expo will be open the day after tomorrow. (B) The Expo is rescheduled to open on Friday. (C) The Expo?s opening is delayed until tomorrow. (D) The Expo is not likely to open on Friday. 2. Talks and Conversations Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear several short talks and conversations. After each of these, you will hear a few questions. Listen carefully because you will hear the talk or conversation and questions ONLY ONCE. When you hear a question read the four answer choices and choose the best answer to that question. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Questions 11-14 11. (A) Mr. Powell telephoned. (B) The woman dated Mr. Powell. (C) Someone came to see him. (D) There was a traffic jam. 12. (A) Because she hasn?t recorded the phone message. (B) Because she hasn?t let Mr. Powell in. (C) Because she hasn?t invited him to lunch. (D) Because she hasn?t phoned him. 13. (A) Mr. Powell?s name card. (B) The restaurant?s phone number. (C) Some money to make a phone call. (D) The name of a well-known department store. 14. (A) The woman was not careful about the man?s name card. (B) The man was expecting someone for something urgent. (C) The man was not available when Mr. Powell came in. (D) The woman accepted the man?s apology for his mistake. Questions 15-18 15. (A) In 1961. (B) In 1963. (C) In 1970. (D) In 1971. 16. (A) Learning materials. (B) Laboratory facilities. (C) Summer courses. (D) Party invitations. 17. (A) Some laboratory tests can be done at home. (B) All the college courses are available. (C) Registrations are all the year round. (D) Invitations to parties are free to all the students. 18. (A) Part-time students may get cheaper snacks. (B) Students are able to get TV study programmes. (C) Students can attend lectures once a week. (D) Students may participate in summer school courses. Questions 19-22 19. (A) A lawyer. (B) An artist. (C) A student. (D) A physician. 20. (A) She thinks that it is a well-paid profession. (B) She considers herself to be fit for it. (C) She is unable to find other jobs for some time. (D) She wants to live independently of other people. 21. (A) She can speak several languages. (B) She is more careful and kinder. (C) She can serve women clients better. (D) She is able to get more sympathy. 22. (A) Because it is well known for its educational excellence. (B) Because it is inexpensive in terms of school tuition fees. (C) Because it offers married students? apartments. (D) Because it allows students to practice during the school terms. Questions 23-26 23. (A) Studying socio-linguistics. (B) Talking about the weather. (C) Saying hullo to each other. (D) Listening to weather forecasts. 24. (A) Linguists (B) Drivers. (C) Teachers. (D) Students. 25. (A) He is probably trying to begin a conversation. (B) He is earnestly requesting an answer. (C) He is carefully planning an out-door excursion. (D) He is tentatively preparing a composition on social conventions. 26. (A) English people like to begin a conversation when the climate is favorable. (B) Foreign visitors are sometimes annoyed by the variability of the weather in England. (C) England is said to have the most effective transportation system in the world. (D) The weather conditions in England are not as bad as some people have imagined. Questions 27-30 27. (A) 20,000. (B) 200,000. (C) 2,000,000. (D) 2,500,000. 28. (A) The family owners. (B) The pressure groups. (C) The government and the councils. (D) The local housing committees. 29. (A) Because the rents are too high. (B) Because there are not enough hostels. (C) Because the local councils are inefficient and indifferent. (D) Because some state-run homes are less comfortable than prisons. 30. (A) A state-run apartment building for the homeless. (B) An efficient local housing committee in the metropolis. (C) A southern city that has solved the housing problem. (D) A charity organization that offers help to the homeless. Part C: Listening and Translation I. Sentence Translation Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 sentence in English. You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) II. Passage Translation Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. You will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening. (1) (2) SECTION 2: STUDY SKILLS (50 MINUTES) Direction: In this section, you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Questions 1~5 In a bay near Almeria in Southern Spain will be built the world? first underwater residence for tourists. The hotel will be 40 feet down in the Mediterranean. As all the world opened to tour operators, there was still a frontier behind which lay three quarters of the globe?s surface, the sea; in whose cool depths light fades; no winds blow; there are no stars. There even the most bored travelers could recapture their sense of romance, terror or beauty. For a submerged hotel is such a beautiful idea. The hotel will cost ?170,000 and will be able to accommodate up to ten people a night. Up until now only scientists and professional divers have lived under the sea, but soon, for the first time, the public will be able to go down into the darkness. They will have to swim down in diving suits, but at 40 feet there would be no problem about decompression. Design of the hotel was crucial. Most of the underwater structures used before had been in the shape of a diving bell or submarine. Professional divers could cope with such things but ordinary people would run the risk of violent claustrophobia. Then an Austrian architect had the idea of making three interconnecting circular structures, 18 feet in diameter, and looking much like flying saucers. They would be cast in concrete and launched from the shore. Towed into position they would then be sunk. A foundation of cast concrete would already be in place on the sea-bed. Pylons would attach the structures to this. Once in position the structures would be pumped dry. The pylons made to withstand an uplift pressure of 350 tons, would then take the strain. Cables linking the underwater structures to the hotel on shore would connect it with electricity, fresh water, television, and an air pump, and also dispose of sewage. Entry would be from underneath, up a ladder; because of the pressure inside there would be no need of airlocks or doors. The first structure would include a changing room and a shower area, where the divers would get out of their gear. There would also be a kitchen and a lavatory. The second structure would contain a dining room/lecture theatre, and sleeping accommodation for eight people. The third structure would contain two suites. A steward would come down with the ten customers, to cook and look after them. Television monitors would relay all that went on to the shore so that discussions on the sea bed could be transmitted to all the world. 1. From the passage we understand that tour operators and travelers will be interested in the submerged hotel as _________. (A) it is a quiet place for research work (B) it is an ideal sea-food restaurant (C) it will offer new possibilities (D) it will have unchanging weather 2. What design was finally considered most suitable for the new hotel? (A) Three separated circles. (B) Three linked discs. (C) Three connected globes. (D) Three interlocked cylinders. 3. The hotel would be able to float under water because it would be _______. (A) made of light material (B) 350 tons in weight (C) filled with air (D) attached to pylons 4. It is planned that sleeping quarters will be provided for the guests in the ________. (A) second structure (B) second and third structures (C) first and third structures (D) third structure 5. The purpose of television monitors under the sea would be to relay ________. (A) instructions from the sea bed to the shore (B) news from the shore to the sea bed (C) information from the world to the sea bed (D) information to the world from the sea bed Questions 6~10 For most people, boasting about oneself does not come naturally. It is not easy or comfortable to tell someone all the wonderful things you have accomplished. But that is exactly what you need to do if you are seeking a new job, or trying to hold on to the one you have. Of course, there is a fine line between self-confidence and arrogance, so to be successful in winning over the interviewer you must learn to maximize your accomplishments and attributes without antagonizing the interviewer. The natural tendency for most job seekers is to behave modestly in a job interview. To do the best job of selling yourself in an interview, you have to be prepared in advance. As part of your job-hunting check list, write down on a piece of paper your major job-related accomplishments. Commit them to memory. You will probably be pleasantly surprised to see in writing all that you have done. By developing this list, you will have accomplished two things: the first is you will impress the interviewer by being able to talk confidently and succinctly about your accomplishments. You will not have to sit uncomfortably while you think of your successes. They will be at the tip of your tongue. Secondly, rather than dwell on your own personality characteristics, such as how hardworking or creative you are, you can discuss hard facts, such as how you saved your employer money or an idea you developed that helped a customer make more money. When chronicling your accomplishments for the interviewer, take as much credit as you honestly can. If you were a key part behind a major group project, tell the interviewer. If you developed a specific idea without help from your supervisor, it is acceptable to say that. Remember, you are at that interview to sell yourself, not your former co-workers. However, never criticize your former employer. Sharing your negative thoughts with the interviewer is an immediate turn-off and will only brand you as a complainer and gossip, whom no one likes or will hire. Keep in mind that the most important part of a job interview is making the employer like you and presenting yourself as the person he or she wants you to be. Consciously or not most employers tend to hire people who reflect their own values and standards. Once you get the job you want, boasting about your accomplishments does not stop. Although you may think all your successes and achievements are highly visible, remember that you are only one of many people in a company. Lack of recognition is cited by a majority of discharged managers as the most frequent complaint against the former employer. To help make yourself more visible in the company, volunteer for additional assignments —both job-related and non-business-related. These could include community relations or charitable activities in which your company is involved. These types of activities may enable you to have more time and access to top executives of the company to whom you may endear yourself. You might even have the opportunity to tell them what you are doing for the company, which can never hurt. 6. This article is mostly about how to _________. (A) interview for a job (B) please your boss (C) get along with co-workers (D) get and keep a job 7. In paragraph 2, the word “maximize” mean to ________. (A) talk about (B) make the most of (C) be modest about (D) play down 8. The author states that the one thing you should never do during an interview is ______. (A) list your successes in previous jobs (B) promote your qualifications for the job (C) tell your potential boss about the projects you?ve worked on (D) make negative comments about your former employer 9. The author provides his views on winning and holding a new job by _______. (A) offering suggestions (B) presenting facts and statistics (C) describing extreme situations (D) telling stories 10. In the passage, the author recommends all of the following EXCEPT _______. (A) making a point of telling your supervisor what you have done (B) taking part in non-business-related activities (C) going on boasting about your successes and achievements (D) giving the employer an idea on how to run his other business Questions 11~15 5 Steps to Living Longer 1 Watch Your Temper Scientists have long believed that Type A?s—those people driven by ambition, hard work and tight deadlines—were most prone to heart attacks. But it?s not striving for goals that leads to disease; rather, it?s being hostile, angry and cynical. Suggests Mittleman: if stress mounts so high that you begin snapping at people, “Ask yourself, „Is it worth having a heart attack over this??” 2 Lighten Your Dark Moods For years, evidence linking depression to an increased risk of heart attack has been growing. Johns Hopkins researchers interviewed 1551 people who were free of heart disease in the early 1980s and again 14 years later. Those who reported having experienced major depression were four times as likely to have a heart attack as those who had not been depressed. Exercise is an often overlooked antidepressant. In a study at Duke University, 60 percent of clinically depressed people who took a brisk 30-miute walk or jog at least three times a week were no longer depressed after 16weeks. 3 Flatten That Belly More than 50 years ago French scientist Jean Vague noted that people with a lot of upper-body fat (those who looked like apples rather than pears) often developed heart disease, diabetes and other ailments. But it wasn?t until the introduction of CT and MRI scans that doctors discovered that a special kind of fat, visceral fat, located within the abdomen, was strongly linked to these diseases. According to the National Institutes of Health, there?s trouble brewing when your waist measures 35 inches or more if you?re a woman, and 40 inches or more if you?re a man. And that?s regardless of height. 4 Limit Your Bad Habits Heavy drinking. Moderate drinkers may be the least likely to develop Metabolic Syndrome, while alcoholics are the most likely. In part that?s because, pound for pound, they carry more abdominal fat. In one Swedish study, researchers found that male alcoholics carried 48 percent of their body fat within the abdomen, compared with 38 percent for teetotalers. Cigarette smoking. Smoking is dangerous for reasons besides lung cancer or emphysema. Some 60 minutes after smoking a cigarette, one study revealed, smokers still showed elevated levels of cortical, which promotes abdominal fat storage. Over-caffeinating. Moderate caffeine consumption doesn?t seem to be harmful for most people. But recent studies suggest that when men who have both high blood pressure and a family history of hypertension drink a lot of caffeinated coffee while under job stress, they may experience a dangerous rise in blood pressure. 5 Rev Up Your Metabolism A new understanding of how disease sets up shop in your body focuses on metabolism—the sum of physical and chemical reactions necessary to maintain life. This approach reveals that a healthy metabolic profile counts for more than cardiovascular fitness or weight alone. As Glenn A. Gaesser, professor of exercise physiology at the University of Virginia, notes, “Metabolic fitness is one of the best safeguards against heart disease, stroke and diabetes.” 11. The phrase “snapping at” (Step 1: Watch Your Temper) is closest in meaning to ______. (A) judging severely (B) declaring publicly (C) answering rudely (D) understanding wrongly 12. According to the passage, which of the following people are liable to incur and suffer from heart attacks? (A) Those whose waist measures 35 inches or less. (B) Those who take a brisk 20-minute walk twice a week. (C) Those who have experienced major depression. (D) Those who have been striving for goals. 13. Stress may lead to all of the following EXCEPT _______. (A) hostile disposition (B) cynical behaviour (C) over-caffeinating (D) great ambition 14. According to the passage, what kind of people are teetotalers (Step 4: Limit Your Bad Habits)? (A) Non-alcoholics. (B) Heavy drinkers. (C) Chain smokers. (D) Non-smokers. 15. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? (A) There is trouble brewing when your waist measures 35 inches or less. (B) Metabolic fitness might prevent people from having heart disease. (C) Moderate drinkers may be the most likely to develop Metabolic Syndrome. (D) Moderate caffeine consumption seems to be harmful for most people. Questions 16~20 World prehistory is written from data recovered from thousands of archaeological sites, places where traces of human activity are to be found. Sites are normally identified through the presence of manufactured tools. Archaeological sites are most commonly classified by the activity that occurred there. Habitation sites are places where people lived and carried out a wide range of different activities. Most prehistoric sites come under this category, but habitation sites can vary from a small open campsite through rockshelters and caves, to large accumulations of shellfish remains (shell middens). Village habitation sites may consist of a small accumulation of occupation deposit and mud hut fragments, huge earthen mounds, or communes of stone buildings or entire buried cities. Each presents its own special excavation problems. Burial sites provide a wealth of information on the prehistoric past. Grinning skeletons are very much part of popular archaeological legend, and human remains are common finds in the archaeological record. The earliest deliberate human burials are between fifty and seventy thousand years old. Individual burials are found in habitation sites, but often the inhabitants designated a special area for a cemetery. This cemetery could be a communal burial place where everyone was buried regardless of social status. Other burial sites, like the Shang royal cemeteries in China, were reserved for nobility alone. Parts of a cemetery were sometimes reserved for certain special individuals in society such as clan leaders or priests. The patterning of grave goods in a cemetery can provide information about intangible aspects of human society such as religious beliefs or social organization. So can the pattern of deposition of the burials, their orientation in their graves, even family grouping. Sometimes physical anthropologists can detect biological similarities between different skeletons that may reflect close family, or other, ties. Quarry sites are places where people mined prized raw materials such as obsidian (a volcanic glass used for fine knives and mirrors) or copper. Excavations at such sites yield roughed out blanks of stone, or metal ingots, as well as finished products ready for trading elsewhere. Such objects were bartered widely in prehistoric times. Art sites such as the cave of Altamira in northern Spain, or Lascaux in southwestern France, are commonplace in some areas of the world, noticeably southern Africa and parts of North America. Many are caves and rockshelters where prehistoric people painted or engraved game animals, scenes of daily life, or religious symbols. Some French art sites are at least fifteen thousand years old. Each of these site types represents a particular form of human activity, one that is represented in the archaeological record by specific artifact patterns and surface indications found and recorded by the archaeologist. 16. An archaeological site is defined as a place where __________. (A) some record of human activity is found (B) humans bury beloved animals (C) evidence of plant or animal life exists (D) particular rock formations suggest the patterns of history 17. Generally speaking, archaeological sites are classified according to __________. (A) the people who lived there (B) the historical period during which they were occupied (C) the type of activity for which they were used (D) the degree of civilization of those who lived there 18. The author mentions all of the following features of graves which may provide archaeologists with information about a particular society EXCEPT _______. (A) the location of the grave (B) the goods buried with the person (C) The degree of preservation of the body (D) The orientation of the body in the grave 19. Quarry sites are places where _________. (A) game was slaughtered (B) prized animals were buried (C) raw materials were dug from the earth (D) building materials for burial sites were located 20. According to the passage, art sites often contain ___________. (A) paintings showing scenes of daily life (B) engravings of famous people (C) paintings recording the location of burial sites (D) tools and primitive devices used for engraving Questions 21-25 I got used, too. To my employer?s violent changes of front. There was one morning when Siegfried came down to breakfast, rubbing a hand wearily over red-rimmed eyes. „Out at 2 a.m.,? he groaned, buttering his toast listlessly. „And I don?t like to have to say this, James, but it?s all your fault.? „My fault?? I said, startled. „Yes lad, your fault. The farmer has a sick cow for several days and at 2 o?clock this morning he finally decided to call the vet. When I pointed out it could have waited a few hours more he said Mr. Herriot told him never to hesitate to ring—he?d come out any hour of the day or night.? He tapped the top of his egg as though the effort was almost too much for him. „Well, it?s all very well being conscientious and all that, but if a thing has waited several days it can wait till morning. You?re spoiling these chaps, James, and I?m getting the backwash of it. I?m sick and tired of being dragged out of bed for trifles.? „I?m truly sorry, Siegfried. I honestly had no wish to do that to you. Maybe it?s just my inexperience. If I didn?t go out, I?d be worried the animal might die. If I left it till morning and it died, how would I feel?? „That?s all right,? snapped Siegfried. „There?s nothing like a dead animal to bring them to their senses. They?ll call us out a bit earlier next time.? I absorbed this bit of advice and tried to act on it. A week later, Siegfried said he wanted a word with me. „James, I know you won?t mind my saying this, but old Sumner was complaining to me today. He says he rang you the other night and you refused to come out to his cow. He?s a good client, you know, and a very nice fellow, but he was quite shirty about it. We don?t want to lose a chap like that.? „But it was just a chronic mastitis,? I said „A bit of thickening in the milk, that?s all. He?d been dosing it himself for nearly a week with some quack remedy. The cow was eating all right, so I thought it would be quite safe to leave it till next day.? Siegfried put a hand on my shoulder and an excessively patient look spread over his face. I steeled myself. I didn?t mind his impatience, I was used to it and could stand it. But the patience was hard to take. „James,? he said in a gentle voice, „there is one fundamental rule in our job which transcends all others, and I?ll tell you what it is. YOU MUST ATTEND. That is it and it ought to be written on your soul in letters of fire.? 21. Siegfried was not at his best on one morning because _______. (A) his breakfast was not to his liking (B) he had been called out during the night (C) he had been woken up early fro breakfast (D) the farmer hadn?t tried to cure the cow himself 22. According to the passage, who was the young yet? (A) James. (B) Siegfried. (C) Sumner. (D) Mr. Herrioson. 23. James thought it was all right to leave Summer?s cow till next day because ________. (A) that was what Siegfried had advised (B) Sumner had said there was no urgency (C) He knew he could do nothing to save the animal (D) Sumner never paid his bills on time 24. “You must attend” (last paragraph) in the context of the passage means “_______”. (A) You must follow your conscience (B) You must use your powers of discretion (C) You must go out whenever you are called (D) You must pay close attention at all times 25. The impression James gives of Siegfried is that of _________. (A) a fairly easy-going generous employer (B) someone rather pompous and unpredictable (C) a conscientious but senile old man (D) an insufferable, tyrannical boss Questions 26-30 Most towns up to Elizabethan times were smaller than a modern village and each of them was built around its weekly market where local produce was brought for sale and the townsfolk sold their work to the people from the countryside and provided them with refreshment for the day. Trade was virtually confined to that one day even in a town of a thousand or so people. On market days craftsmen put up their stalls in the open air whilst on one or two other days during the week the townsman would pack up his loaves, or nails, or cloth, and set out early to do a day?s trade in the market of an adjoining town where, however, he would be charged a heavy toll for the privilege and get a less favourable spot for his stand than the local craftsmen. Another chance for him to make a sale was to the congregation gathered for Sunday morning worship. Although no trade was allowed anywhere during the hours of the service (except at annual fair times), after church there would be some trade at the church door with departing country folk. The trade of markets was almost wholly concerned with exchanging the products of the nearby countryside and the goods made by local craftsmen with the result that the genuine retail dealer had very little place. In all goods sold in the market but particularly in food retail dealing was distrusted as a kind of profiteering. Even when there was enough trade being done to afford a livelihood to an enterprising man ready to buy wholesale and sell retail, town authorities were reluctant to allow it. Yet there were plainly people who were tempted to „forestall the market? by buying goods outside it, and to „regrate? them, that is to resell them, at a higher price. The constantly repeated rules against there practices and the endlessly recurring prosecutions mentioned in the records of all the larger towns prove that some well-informed and sharp-witted people did these things. Every town made its own laws and if it was big enough to have craft guilds, these associations would regulate the business of their members and tried to enforce a strict monopoly of their own trades. Yet while the guild leaders, as craftsmen, followed fiercely protectionist policies, at the same time, as leading townsmen, they wanted to see a big, busy market yielding a handsome revenue in various dues and tolls. Conflicts of interest led to endless, minute regulations, changeable, often inconsistent, frequently absurd. There was a time in the fourteenth century, for example, when London fishmongers were not allowed to handle any fish that had not already been exposed for sale for three days by the men who caught it. 26. Craftsmen might prefer to trade in their own town because there they could _______. (A) easily find good refreshment (B) work in the open air (C) start work very early (D) have the well-placed stalls 27. A tradesman was not allowed to sell his goods only ________. (A) on special market days (B) at the annual fairs (C) during Sunday morning services (D) by the end of the services 28. In medieval markets there was little retail trade because ________. (A) money was never used in sales (B) producers sold directly to consumers (C) there were no fixed positions for shops (D) authorities were unwilling to make a profit 29. The expression “forestall the market” (paragraph 3) means “_________”. (A) buy from a stall outside the market place (B) acquire goods in quantity before the market (C) have the best and the first stall in the market (D) sell at a higher price than competitors 30. It can be concluded from the passage that the regulations enforced by craft guilds were often ________. (A) unfair and unreasonable (B) in the interest of the customers (C) too complicated to comply with (D) disapproved by the local authorities SECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST (1) (30 MINUTES) Direction: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. If the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) thinks it can largely curtail the nation?s terrorism problems by focusing on college students, we all should worry. Identification cards already are required here for most persons to enter their workplace, take an airplane flight or go into a public building, including my campus library. The idea of a national ID, however, was knocked out of earlier drafts of legislation by a coalition of civil rights and ethnic groups, who opposed a requirement that all non-citizens carry identifying documents. In some degree, they have a point. We must fact the fact—and benefit from realizing—that no one can drive, or fly, or enter many private and public buildings without a picture ID, usually a driver?s license or passport. That means that practically all Americans already must have what in effect is a national ID card. We already routinely screen people. If we would just make good use of the national ID cards we have—and improve them—we could enhance our safety, avoid discrimination and not spend millions on another system. SECTION 4: TRANSLATION TEST (2) (30 MINUTES) Direction: Translate the following passage into English and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. 到2007年，上海市人均国内生产总值预计将达到7500美元。这一目标的实现，最直接的应 该是老百姓住得更宽敞、更舒适了。因为从市民的“衣、食、住、行”消费来讲，住房是一个 重要因素，而且占了大头。届时，上海人均住房面积会大幅增加。除此之外，老百姓的服务 性消费，如教育、信息、旅游等消费也会大量增长。用一句话来表述，那便是未来老百姓的 生活会更好，那时的老百姓的生活将和中等发达国家的居民一样。