CAD 作图技巧（cad 作图技巧）

CAD 作图技巧（cad 作图技巧） CAD 作图技巧(cad 作图技巧) CAD. Graphing skills 0 Three basic aspects of --AUTOCAD usage At present, our company's design documents, especially drawings, are drawn with AUTOCAD software. However, there are still a lot of people on CAD are not very familiar with, or use is not handy, so the efficiency is not very high, it can be said, in our company, draw a drawing the same, fast and slow in time may be a difference of several times. At the same time, everyone draw out the drawings do not feel the same look, some drawings look clear, clear and beautiful, and some drawings not only the expression is not clear, too much points can be used to describe too horrible to look at. From the beginning of the project design, I will be more than ten years experience as a serial bit by bit, for our people, hope to be helpful to everyone, from one or two to draw, to develop good habits, improve the speed of drawing drawing. At the same time, I also hope that this is a starting point, with this opportunity and carrier, we can make the use of CAD for an exchange and discussion, mutual improvement. In addition, because I am a construction professional, the other professional understanding, therefore, the future examples will be mainly related to the construction profession, I hope we can draw inferences from others. I don't know. What do you think is the most important thing to use CAD to draw? It is possible for everyone to understand this question differently, but in my opinion, the most important thing is to always remember what the purpose of CAD drawing is. We carry on the engineering design, no matter what specialty and what stage, in fact, is to some design ideas or design content to express and reflect on the design document. The drawing is an intuitive, accurate, eye-catching and easy to communicate forms of expression. So we do something (whether the final design documents, or as a condition submitted to other professional files, need can help us express design ideas and their contents. With this premise, we should understand that a good computer drawing should have the following two features: clear and accurate. Clarity: what we have to express must be clear, and good drawings look clear. At first glance, you can tell which walls are, which are the windows, which are the holes, the pipes, the equipment, the dimensioning and the captions, etc., without overlapping....... In addition to the printing of the drawings very clearly, the display on the monitor must also be clear. Besides the clear design idea and the design content, it is also the footstone to improve the drawing speed. Accurate: 200 width of the wall can not be painted 240; stay holes can not be marked on the size of 1000X2000, and the actual quantity is 1250X2100; more common mistake is clearly 3000 wide line, but the amount is 2999.87. Mapping is not only for good looking, but more importantly, it can visually reflect some of the problems on the surface, and also have an important impact on improving the speed of drawing, especially when the drawings are modified. We use CAD drawing, should put these two points in mind every hour and moment. Only by doing these two things can we say that the drawing is basically through. The graph should be "clear" and "accurate", and the same important point in the drawing process is "efficient". It's good to be able to work efficiently. If everyone can improve the drawing efficiency by 20%, each project manager and the head of the room will probably not be able to smile. Clarity, accuracy and efficiency are three basic points for CAD software. In CAD software, in addition to some of the most basic drawing commands, and other editing commands, various settings definition, can be said to be around the clear, accurate, efficient three aspects of the choreography. We set the command, in learning CAD in all, had to think, they can play the role in the three aspects; when in use should pay attention to what; and under what conditions, the most appropriate use of these commands. The first time you talk about these, the key is to every staff are aware of "clear", "accurate" these two points of importance ("efficient" this point, we usually get understanding, but also are trying to improve, and "clear" "accurate", I usually have a lot of observation. My colleagues are not able to understand, or have not put enough emphasis on). What if you have different opinions and other opinions, hope to be able to communicate with. In the future, I will share from different angles and ways how to make it clear, accurate and efficient in the process of drawing. - Layer Settings Last time, we explored the three basic principles of AUTOCAD software: "clear", "accurate", and "efficient."". Maybe we feel a little empty. From this time on, we'll start fighting. Get a task, ready to start drawing, I do not know what you do first step. There may be a lot of people who start drawing directly, but that's not true. Various settings should be included, including layers, lines, fonts, labels, and so forth. The setting is very necessary, only the setting is reasonable, is a good foundation for our next work drawing, will it be possible to make the next "clear", "accurate" and "efficient". First of all, talk about layers. It can be said that the definition of the layer is the most critical setting of the whole AUTOCAD software, and I find that our company's staff layer is clear and not many regulations. Sometimes open some colleagues DWG drawings, a look at dozens of layers, and then see, most of the elements are on the 0 floor, can not help but laugh and cry. As for the different layers, it should be on one layer. It should be on one layer and not on the other. Similar questions can be found everywhere. What are the principles for layer settings? First, on the basis of adequate, the less the better. No matter what the major, at any stage of the drawings, all the primitives on the drawings can be organized by a certain set of rules. For example, the construction of professional drawings, in terms of floor plans, can be divided into: column, wall, axis, dimensioning, general marking, doors and windows, line, furniture and so on. That is to say, the plane figure of architecture, in accordance with the column, wall, axis, dimension, Chinese characters, such as furniture, doors and windows to see the line to define the layer, then, in the drawing time, respectively, should be in which category, put the primitives into the corresponding layer to have. As long as all the elements in the drawing can be properly classified, then the foundation of the layer setting is set up. But is it better to classify the primitives? Incorrect。 For example, on the floor plan, there are doors and windows, and there are many steps, stairs and so on. Are they divided into the gate, the window, the platform and the stair? Incorrect。 Too many layers will give us a lot of inconvenience in the process of drawing. Just like doors, windows, stairs, stairs, though not the same kind of things, but they all belong to the line of sight, then you can use the same layer to manage. Therefore, the first rule of layer setting is that the less the better, the better. Two meanings, 1, enough; 2, streamline. Each professional situation is different, we can consider their own, how is the most reasonable?. Second, 0 layers of use. Many colleagues like to paint on the 0 floor, because the 0 layer is the default layer, and the white is the default color of the 0 layer, so sometimes it looks like the display is white. It is absolutely inadvisable to do so. The 0 floor is not for drawing. What is the 0 floor for? Is used to define blocks. When a block is defined, all the primitives are set to 0 layers (except when they are special), and then the blocks are defined so that when the block is inserted, which layer is inserted and the block is that layer. Third, layer color definition. The layer set have many properties, in addition to name, color, line width, line and. When we set the layer, Define the corresponding color, alignment, line width. Now many colleagues define the color of the layer, it is based on their own preferences, like what color to use what color, this is not reasonable. You should pay attention to two points in the color definition of the layer. First, different layers are used in different colors. In doing so, we can draw a clear distinction between colors when painting. If the two layers are of the same color, it is difficult to tell which layer the operation primitive is on at the time of display. The second point of the layer color definition is that the color selection should be based on the width of the line printed. When printing line settings more wide, this layer should choose more bright colors; on the other hand, if the print, the line width is only 0.09mm, so the layer color should choose 8 or similar color. Why do you want to do this? In this way, the thickness of the outgoing line can be visually reflected on the screen. For example, let's look at the drawings. The column layer (ZU) and the wall layer (WA) print out are the thickest, then one uses yellow, one uses cyan, these two colors are more bright in AUTOCAD. Fill layer (H) and furniture layer (fur) are defined as "0.13MM" when printed, and darker colors 8 and 83 are also used when selecting colors. The benefits of doing so, we are in use, slowly understand. In addition, white is on the 0 and DEFPOINTS layers, and we don't want other layers to use white. Fourth, alignment and line width settings. Before setting up the alignment of the layer, refer to the command LTSCALE. In general, the setting of LTSCALE values should be set to 1, so in the drawings to communicate, not only. There are three commonly used linear lines, one is the Continous continuous line, the other two is the ACAD_IS002W100 point line, and the three is the ACAD_IS004W100 dotted line. Like the previous 14 edition of CAD used in hidden, dot and so on, not recommended for you to use. The setting of line width is fastidious again. Whether a drawing is beautiful or clear, one of the important factors is whether it is well arranged. A picture, there are 0.13 lines, a medium width line 0.25, line 0.35 is rough, so rich. Print out the drawings, a glance, you can also according to the thickness of the line to distinguish between different types of primitives, what is the wall, where is the door and window, where is the mark. So, when we're online wide, make sure the thickness is clear. If a map, all is a kind of line width can also be used to look at the past to describe the words, doors and windows lines thicker than the wall line, it can be said to be wrong. And one more thing, we need to pay attention. Now we have two specifications for drawing, one is printing in proportion, and this time we can use the thickness specification of 0.13\0.25\0.4 for this line width. If we do not print the A3 specifications in proportion, the line width setting is smaller than the smaller size of 0.09\0.15\0.3 in order to make the drawing look clear. When setting up layers, there are several main points to pay attention to. In addition, in drawing, there is also a point to note that all the attributes of the primitives are as far as possible. No, the line is WA, the color is yellow, and the line is dotted again. Try to keep the meta attribute and the layer is consistent, as far as possible the graphic attributes are Bylayer. This will help us to improve the clarity, accuracy and efficiency of the drawings. -- font, callout settings, and CAD template files Last time, we explored some of the principles of layer settings in AUTOCAD software, and then we'll discuss some other settings that I think need to be mastered. Font setting (Style). In AUTOCAD software, there are two classes of fonts that can be exploited. One is stored in the AUTOCAD directory under the Fonts, the font suffix called SHX, this category is CAD's proprietary font, English letters and Chinese characters are divided into different fonts. The second category is stored in WINNT or WINXP (see the system operating system) under the directory of Fonts, font name suffix TTF, this is the general character of the windows system, in addition to CAD, others, such as Word, Excel and other software, are also using the word library. Among them, the Chinese character library already contains the English alphabet. When we define fonts in CAD, two fonts can be used, but they each have their own characteristics, and we should distinguish them from using them. The first kind of suffix is called SHX, and the biggest characteristic of this kind of font bank is that it occupies less system resources. So in general, I recommend using this type of font. Our company provides sceic.shx, sceie.shx, sceist01.shx three fonts, in which sceic.shx is the Chinese character library, sceie.shx is the English font, sceist01.shx is a common structure with a professional symbol of the English font. I strongly recommend that our drawings, except for special cases, use sceic.shx, sceie.shx, sceist01.shx, these three font files, so that the drawings can be unified and formatted. When is the suffix TTF font used? There are two cases. First, your drawings and documents should be communicated with other companies, so you can use the fonts such as typeface and boldface to ensure that other companies don't have any problems opening your files. The second kind of situation is when the scheme, cover and so on. Because this type of font file is very large, all kinds of styles have, a variety of, and more attractive. As a result, this type of font can be used when the word "aesthetic effect" needs to be taught. When we define fonts, there are some more to note. First, the principle of less as good as possible. This should apply to all settings in CAD. No matter what type of setting, the more the CAD file, the more likely it will affect the speed of the operation. More importantly, the more settings you have, the more likely you are to make errors in the classification of primitives. When I'm using CAD, except for the default Standard font, there are usually only two font definitions. One is a regular definition with a font width of 0.75. In general, all Chinese characters and English characters are in this typeface. The second font definitions use the same font as the first one, but the font width is 0.5. This font is my special font for dimensioning. Because, in most construction drawings, a lot of small sizes are crowded together. At this time, using a narrower font, tagging will reduce a lot of overlap occurs. Callout setting (Dimstyle). There are a few more options in the callout definition, but there's not much to be noticed. I usually define a setting, and for special cases, I'll modify its properties individually, and then use the format brush to brush it. Introduce my commonly used annotation definition setting (1:100 scale drawing). Line and arrow: all colors and line widths are Bylayer, arrow size 150, and several other data in 100~200. Text: width defined text style to choose the previously mentioned 0.5 font, the color is still Bylayer, height of 350 words, text position for vertical above the level of the size, from the line offset 60, and the size of text alignment. Other options are adjusted as needed, with no attention to place. Set of units (Units). In the unit settings option, I find that someone likes to use 0 for the length accuracy option, that is, the unit as a unit. For this, I suggest changing to 3~4 after the decimal point. In the beginning, I emphasized that accuracy is one of the three basic points of AUTOCAD usage. If we define length accuracy as a bit, we will ignore many minor errors, such as 1000 line segments, which are actually painted 999.97. These definitions are more troublesome before each drawing, So AUTOCAD provides us with a very good solution, that is, the DWT template. Each time a new drawing is created, the CAD software lets us open a DWT template file, and defaults to acad.dwt. After we have created our own set of custom settings, we can build our own template file to save all the settings and definitions. My DWT template is I spent a few hours, some of the map carefully selected, including simple plan, elevation, section, stair like each one, common block dozens (of course, classified good). So, every time I start a new project, I can open this module and start working. Some people might ask how to create a DWT file, which is simple, when you save the file, select Save as, and then select DWT in the file type. Having finished all the settings in AUTOCAD, let's finally talk about the Purge command. Purge this command allows you to clear all the settings, blocks, and other information that you don't have in the picture. I suggest you use it more often. I'm going to Purge almost every time I save it. Finally, to sum up, the clear set of settings in AUTOCAD is the cornerstone of the three basic, clear, accurate, efficient CAD software applications. Therefore, I strongly appeal to all departments and departments of the company to set up a set of standards for our department as soon as possible and implement them. If we can make each professional regulation, standardization, not only for the professional, professional cohesion, data submissions, we can improve a lot of efficiency. AUTOCAD use the serial number four -- common command and shortcut key setting principles AUTOCAD software has a lot of commands, how to master some of the main commands, and the rational use of it? I often discuss with others, in CAD, to draw or edit a primitive, in general, there are several ways, as a qualified cad-drawer, should be the most appropriate use of the most appropriate method. Let's see what commands are in the CAD first We can divide them into several categories. One is the drawing class, the two is the edit class, the three is the setting class, and the four is other classes, including annotations, views, and so on. We analyze one class and one class. Class 1, drawing class. Common commands are: Line straight line Xline construction line (used to draw auxiliary lines) Mline double line (usually used in drawing wall lines, also can be defined by oneself using other lines) Pline polyline (most of the elements that consist of line segments, defined as polyline, are defined as polyline lines, so they are easier to choose) Rectang rectangle (actually four segments of polyline) Arc arc Circle circle Hatch fill (pay attention to the proportion of patterns) Boundary boundaries (used in areas such as calculation, area, fill, etc.) Block definition blocks (all primitives that are intended to be used to define blocks are placed on the 0 level, and all the other attributes are changed to bylayer) Insert inserts quickly (as compared with -insert, one will call up the dialog box, one will not) The second category, edit class. Common commands are: The Matchprop property matching (equivalent to the format brush in word is often used to brush the right primitives into the correct layer) Hatchedit fill pattern editor (double click the left mouse button to fill the pattern) Pedit polyline editing (also used to connect segments of a line from one end to another) Erase erase Copy copy Mirror mirror Offset translation Array array Move Mobile Rotate rotation Scale zoom Stretch stretch Lengthen elongated (not commonly used, but in the need to extend the non horizontal or vertical line segment is very convenient; can also achieve the same function, we first look at yourself.) Trim cuts Extend extension Break interrupts Fillet fillet Explode break (can be used to break pieces, lines, double lines, etc.) Align alignment (not very common, but useful when drawing some oblique shapes. You can draw the picture right, draw it, and adjust it back to the original angle. And UCS are two concepts The Properties property (with the ddmodify at the 14 edition, you can call up the property table, where you can view and modify almost all of the attributes of the primitive, useful) Explain more about the drawing class and the edit class command. First, we don't use the drawing command to complete the drawing, in general, with the edit command. In the use of CAD software, although it has been said to be drawing, but in fact, most of them are in the edit map. Because editing primitives can greatly reduce the probability of drawing primitive inaccuracies, and can improve efficiency to some extent. Second, when using the drawing command, you must set the capture (capture settings, later), F3 switch. Third, in the use of drawing and editing commands, in most cases, the use of orthogonal mode, F8 switching. Fourth, I set out the drawing and editing commands, as a cad-drawer, must be proficient and skilled use of the other not listed the drawing and editing commands, should understand, use at the appropriate time. The third class, settings class. A lot of talk, no repetition Fourth categories, others. There's a lot more in it, and we'll describe them separately. (this involves the command in Express.) Next, talk about how to customize the shortcut keys. The definition of the shortcut key is saved in the acad.pgp file, and after the 2004 Edition (it may be 02 edition, remember) changed the place of the directory, we search in windows inside, you will know. Shortcuts are defined freely based on everyone's preferences. But I think freedom is not arbitrary, there should be some principles. First, no ambiguity, try not to use completely irrelevant letters. For example, the copy command does not use the letter "V" to define the shortcut key. It is easy to misunderstand and forget. Even if you are familiar with yourself, someone else will fall dead when you come to your machine. Two, according to the frequency of each command to define the shortcut key, defined in order to use "1 letters, --1 letters, repeat two times - two adjacent or close letters - other" principle. For the simplest example, copy and circle. In the default setting for CAD, copy is co/cp and circle is C. This arrangement is absolutely unreasonable. Generally speaking, copy uses a much higher frequency than circle, so first of all, you should define C as the shortcut key for copy. Then, for circle, you can use CC (first and fourth letters), or CE (two letters at the beginning and the end). These two are taken up or not used, and then ci. For frequently used commands, my advice is to use the shortcut key, and use the shortcut key to take the icon more quickly than the mouse point, or select the command on the menu for a lot of time. Be sure to develop the habit of the left hand keyboard and the right mouse. What is a common command? I suggest that more than 5 orders appear on average everyday, and should be attributed to common commands. According to such principles to define the shortcut key, after 1~2 days of practice, it will be able to improve a lot of efficiency.