2008年09月公共英语四级真题

2008年09月公共英语四级真题 一、Reading Comprehension(共20小题,共20.0分)Read the following three Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D( texts( 第1题 Revolutionary innovation is now occurring in all scientific and technological fields. This wave of unprecedented change is driven primarily by advances in information technology, but it is much larger in scope. We are not dealing simply with an Information Revolution but with a Technology Revolution. To anticipate developments in this field, the George Washington University Forecast of Emerging Technologies was launched at the start of the 1990s. We have now completed four rounds of our Delphi survey -- in 1990,1992,1994,and 1996 -- giving us a wealth of data and experience. We now can offer a reasonably clear picture of what can be expected to happen in technology over the next three decades. Time horizons play a crucial role in forecasting technology. Forecasts of the next five to ten years are often so predictable that they fall into the realm of market research, while those more than30 or 40 years away are mostly speculation. This leaves a 10-to 20-year window in which to make useful forecasts. It is this time frame that our Forecast addresses. The Forecast uses diverse methods, including environmental scanning, trend analysis, Delphi surveys, and model building. Environmental scanning is used to identify emerging technologies. Trend analysis guides the selection of the most important technologies for further study, and a modified Delphi survey is used to obtain forecasts. Instead of using the traditional Delphi method of providing respondents with immediate feedback and requesting additional estimates in order to arrive at a consensus, we conduct another survey after an additional time period of about two years. Finally, the results are portrayed in time periods to build models of unfolding technological change. By using multiple methods instead of relying on a single approach, the Forecast can produce more reliable, useful estimates. For our latest survey conducted in 1996, we selected 85 emerging technologies representing the most crucial advances that can be foreseen. We then submitted the list of technologies to our panel of futurists for their judgments as to when ( or if) each technological development would enter the mainstream, the probability that it would, happen, and the estimated size of the economic market for it. In short, we sought a forecast as to when each emerging technology will have actually "emerged. " 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com What we are faced with at present can be best described as a revolution in A information. B advanced method. C science. D technology. 【正确答案】:D 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [精析] 该题为细节题。从第一段最后一句“We are not dealing simply with all Information Revolution but with a Technology Revolution.”可以看出，我们所面对的不仅是信息革命，而是科技革命，故选D。 第2题 The purpose of the Delphi survey is to A foresee future technologies. B influence future technologies. C provide new technologies. D design new technologies. 【正确答案】:A 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [精析] 该题为细节加推理题。从第四段第三句“Trend analysis„and a modified Delphi survey is used to obtain forecasts(”可以看出，Delphi调查被用于获取预测信息;本文主要讲的是科技革命，因此可推断进行Delphi调查是为了预测未来科技，故选A。 第3题 Market researchers focus on the technologies that will emerge in 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com A 5 - 10 years. B 10 - 20 years. C 20 - 30 years. D 30 - 40 years. 【正确答案】:A 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [精析] 该题为细节加推理题。从第三段第二句“Forecasts of the next five to 10 years are often so predictable that they fall into the realm of market research„”可以看出，对未来五至十年的预测属于市场调查的范畴，由此可以 推断市场调查人员会将注意力集中于未来五至十年将要出现的科技上面，故选 A。 第4题 Various research methods are employed in order to A reach a consensus of opinions. B provide immediate feedback. C increase the accuracy of predictions. D select crucial technologies. 【正确答案】:C 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [精析] 该题为细节题。从第五段第二句“By using multiple methods instead of relying on a single approach, the Forecast can produce more reliable, useful estimates.”可以看出，通过使用多种方式，而不是依赖单一方式，乔 治?华盛顿大学新兴科技预测机构能够做出更加可靠、有效的评估，由此可知， 使用多种预测方式是为了提高预测的准确性，故选C。 第5题 The job of the futurist is to 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com A estimate the frequency of technological developments. B forecast the significant technologies of the future. C prepare the potential market for each technology. D adjust the time of arrival of new technologies. 【正确答案】:A 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [精析] 该题为推理题。从最后一段第二句“We then submitted the list of technologies to our panel of futurists for their judgments as to when(or if) each technological development would enter the mainstream, the probability that it would happen, and the estimated size of the economic market for it.”可以看出，未来学家的工作是判断每项科技发展进入主流社会 的时间以及是否能够进入主流社会，在现实中出现的几率及所需经济市场大小。 选项B不属于未来学家的工作范畴，而属于预测机构的工作;未来学家只是对科 技所需的潜在市场做出预测，而非为其做出准备，故排除C;未来学家只是对科 技发展进入主流社会的时间做出判断，而非调整，故排除D;故选A。 第6题 With a new Congress drawing near, Democrats and Republicans are busily designing competing economic stimulus packages. The Republicans are sure to offer tax cuts, the Democrats -- among other things -- financial relief for the states. There is one measure, however, that would provide not only an immediate boost to the economy but also immediate relief to those most in need: a carefully crafted extension of the federal unemployment insurance program. The Senate approved such an extension before it adjourned" in November. The House of Representatives refused to go along. thIt was among the greatest failures of the 107 Congress. One consequence is that jobless benefits for an estimated 780,000 Americans will abruptly stop tomorrow, even though most recipients have not yet exhausted their benefits. President Bush failed to show any leadership on this matter during the November Congress. Later, he finally asked Congress to extend the program for these workers and to make the benefits effective from Dec. 28. That's not enough. The way unemployment insurance typically works is that states provide laid-off workers with 26 weeks of benefits, followed by 13 weeks of federal aid. Under Mr. Bush's scheme, federal benefits would 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com be extended only for those who were already receiving them on Dec.28. The extension would not cover the jobless workers who will exhaust their regular state-funded benefits after Dec. 28 -- an estimated 95,000 every week -- but will receive no federal help unless the program is re-authorized. By the end of March, 1.2 million workers could fall into this category. The Senate saw this problem coming, and under the leadership of Hillary Rodham Clinton for New York and Don Nickles of Oklahoma, passed a bill that would not only have covered people already enrolled in the federal program but provided 13 weeks of assistance for those losing their state benefits in the new year. The House, for largely trivial reasons, refused to go along. Bill Frist, the new Senate majority leader, says he is looking for ways to put a kinder, gentler face on the Republican Party. Passing the Clinton-Nickles bill would be a good way to begin. The House should then follow suit. One of the House's complaints last year was that, at $ 5 billion, the Clinton-Nickles bill was too expensive. That's ridiculous, considering the costs of the tax cuts that House Republicans have in mind. The unemployment rate last month stood at 6 percent, the highest since mid-1994. The country could use a $ 5 billion shot in the arm right about now. So could a lot of increasingly desperate people. According to the author, the proposed extension is A what the coming Congress should reconsider. B excluded from the economic stimulus packages. C a relief program carefully designed by the House. D put forward by both Republicans and Democrats. 【正确答案】:A 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [精析] 该题为细节题。根据第一段最后一句“It was among the greatest thfailures of the 107 Congress.”可知，第107届国会最大的失败之一就是没 有实施联邦政府失业保险项目，由此，可以推断出，作者认为下一届政府应该重 新考虑实施该项目，故A项正确;根据该段第一至三句“With a new Congress drawing near, Democrats and Republicans are busily designing competing economic stimulus packages. The Republicans are sure to offer tax cuts„ a carefully crafted extension of the federal unemployment insurance 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com program.”可知，联邦政府失业保险延期项目包含在刺激经济发 展政策之中， 故B项错误;同时该项目不是由共和党和民主党共同提出的，故D项错误;根据 该段第五句“The House of Representatives refused to go along.”可知， 众议院不赞同联邦政府失业保险延期项目，由此可以推断出，该项目不是由众议 院推出的救济项目，故C项错误。 第7题 thWhat does the author refer to as one of the greatest failures of the 107 Congress? A The House of Representatives did not agree with the Senate. B The unemployment insurance extension was not approved. C A boost to the economy was not provided. D Relief to those in need was not offered. 【正确答案】:B 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [精析] 该题为细节题。根据第一段最后两句“The House of Representatives threfused to go along. It was among the greatest failures of the 107 Congress.”可知，众议院不赞同联邦政府失业保险延期项目是第107届国会最 大的失败之一，故选B。 第8题 Who may benefit from the Clinton-Nickles bill? A Only those enrolled in the federal program. B The estimated 95,000 unemployed workers. C Just those exhausting their state-funded benefits. D Laid-off workers, with or without federal benefits. 【正确答案】:D 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com [精析] 该题为细节题。根据第四段第一句“The Senate saw„and under the leadership„passed a bill that would not only have covered people already enrolled in the federal program but provided 13 weeks of assistance for those losing their state benefits in the new year.”可知，克林顿一尼克 斯议案不仪涵盖那些已经在联邦政府失业保险项目中登记入册的人们，并且为那 些在新的一年中将丧失州政府失业保险金的人们提供13周的援助，A、B、C三 项均不完整，故选D。 第9题 Why did the author say the House's complaint was ridiculous? A The reasons it offers are largely insignificant. B The Clinton-Nickles bill was too expensive. C Its tax cuts proposal is even more costly. D The estimated cost for the bill is just $ 5 billion. 【正确答案】:C 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [精析] 该题为推理题。根据第五段最后一句“That's ridiculous, considering the costs of the tax cuts that House Republicans have in mind.”可知， 作者之所以认为众议院关于克林顿一尼克斯议案耗资太多的抱怨是可笑的，是凶 为众议院共和党减税 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 的预计成本费用更多，故选C。 第10题 How does the author feel about the President's request for the extension and its coverage? A Short of vision. B Late and incomplete. C Lacking in consistency. D Exhaustive but ineffective. 【正确答案】:B 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com [精析] 该题为推理题。根据第二段第二句和第三句“President Bush failed to show any leadership on this matter during the November Congress. Later, he finally asked Congress to extend the program for these workers and to make the benefits effective from Dec. 28. ”可以推断出，布什总统关于失 业保险金延期项目的请求滞后了;根据第三段第二句和第四句“Under Mr. Bush's scheme, federal benefits would be extended only for those who were already receiving them on Dec. 28. The extension would not cover the jobless workers who will exhaust their regular state-funded benefits after Dec.28„”可以推断出布什总统的计划不全面。综合这两方面的分析，只有B 项符合文意。 第11题 Human intelligence and the IQ scales used to measure it once again are becoming the focus of fiery debate. As argument rages over declining test scores in the nation's schools ,an old but explosive issue is reappearing ;What is intelligence -- and is it determined largely by genetics? The controversy erupted more than a decade ago when some U. S. scholars saw a racial pattern in the differing scores of students taking intelligence and college-entrance tests. Now, the racial issue is being joined by others. Teachers, psychologists, scientists and lawyers argue over the question of whether IQ -- intelligence quotient -- tests actually measure mental ability, or if findings are skewed by such factors 'as family background, poverty and emotional disorders. Moreover, some authorities assert that the rise in the number of college-educated Americans and their tendency to marry among themselves are creating a class of supers mart children of brainy parents -- and, on the other side of the scale, a lumpenproletariat of children reflecting the supposedly inferior brainpower of their parents. Critics such as Harvard University biologist Richard C. Lewontin disagree. If mental ability were largely determined by inheritance, he says, efforts to enhance intelligence through the betterment of both home and child-rearing environments could only be marginally effective. He comments: "Genetic determinism could be used to justify existing social injustice as predetermined and in-evitable and would render efforts made toward equalitarian goals as useless. " Supporting Lewontin in this is J. McVicker Hunt, a professor at the 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com University of Illinois, who maintains that IQ levels can be raised significantly by exposing children at an early age to stimulating environments. Hunt's studies show that early help in such areas as education and nutrition can raise a child's IQ by an average of 30 to 35 points. At stake in the uproar over IQ is the national commitment to improve the capabilities of the poor by investing billions of dollars annually in educational, medical and job programs. The controversy over IQ tests is reappearing because of ______. A the newly found racial pattern underlying students' performance. B the worsening students' performance in their studies. C the long-standing division in the definition of intelligence. D the dubious IQ scales used to measure intelligence. 【正确答案】:B 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [精析] 该题为细节题。根据第二段“As argument rages over declining test scores in the nation's schools, an old but explosive issue is reappearing: What is intelligence—and is it determined largely by genetics?”可知， 因为学牛考试成绩下降，关于智力决定因素问题的争议再次出现，故选B。 第12题 The word "skewed" ( Line 3, Paragraph 4 ) most probably means A determined. B directed. C disclosed. D distorted. 【正确答案】:D 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com [精析] 该题为释义题。第四段第二句“Teachers, psychologists, scientists and lawyers argue over the question of whether IQ—intellligence quotient--tests actually measure mental ability, or if findings are skewed by such factors as family background, poverty and emotional disorders.”前半句意为，教师、心理学家、科学家和律师都在争论智商测试是 否真的能够测量智力，后半句的意思是，智商测试结果是否由于家庭背景、贫困 和情绪不佳而有偏差。故skew应理解为“曲解;歪曲”，选择D项。A项determine 意为决定;B项direct意为指导;C项disclose意为揭露，都与题意不符。 第13题 According to some authorities, there will be expected a class of supers mart children because of A the booming of higher learning. B the revived zeal for marriage. C the denial of the supposed .inferiority of parents. D the shift of one scale of measurement to another. 【正确答案】:A 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [精析] 该题为细节题。根据第五段“Moreover, some authorities assert that the rise in the number of college-educated Americans and their tendency to marry among themselves are creating a class of supersmart children of brainy parents„”一些权威人士断言，受过大学教育的美国人的数量存上升， 而且这些人往往倾向于与同等教育水平的人结婚，这将促使社会上出现一批由高 智商父母造就出米的高智商孩子，故选A。 第14题 In the view of biologist Lewontin, intelligence A was a matter of genetic traits. B had little to do with environments. C could be improved with human efforts. D was profoundly affected by inheritance. 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com 【正确答案】:C 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [精析] 该题为推理题。第六段提到，哈佛大学的生物学家理查德?莱温顿对孩 子的智商与其父母柑关这种看法表示反对，他认为，如果钾力很大程度上是遗传 所得，那么那些通过改善家庭及孩子养育环境的手段来提高孩子智力水平的努力 只能起到微不足道的作用，因此，可以推断，莱温顿认为后天的努力可以提高智 力水平，故选C。 第15题 From the text we can infer that A the commitment to improve the capacities of the poor will hardly be made. B the investment in educational, medical and job programs is non-profitable. C the author disapproves the idea of genetic determination. D there will soon be an uproar over IQ tests. 【正确答案】:C 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [精析] 该题为细节题。最后一句为倒装句，正常语序应为“The national commitment to improve the capabilities of the poor by investing billions of dollars annually in educational, medical and job programs is at stake in the uproar over IQ.”，意为，由于人们对智商及决定因素争论不休，因此， 我们无法预测国家是否会每年在教育、医疗和就业项目中投入数十亿美元米提高 贫困人群的能力，A项认为国家几乎不可能投入资金来提高贫困人群能力，不符 合文意;B项认为对教育、医疗和就业项目的投资是无益的，是错误的;根据第 二段“The controversy erupted more than a decade ago when some U. S. scholars saw a racial pattern in the differing scores of students taking intelligence and college-entrance tests.”可知，关于智商及测试方法的争 论在十多年前就已经出现了，D项认为围绕智商测试方法是甭合理的争论将会出 现，与文意矛盾。C项表明作者反对基因决定论，与文意相符，故选C。 第16题 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com Queuse are long. Life is short. So why waste time waiting when you can pay someone to do it for you? In Washington D.C. -- a city that struggles with more than its share of bureaucratic practices -- a small industry is emerging that will queue for you to get everything from a driver's license to a seat in a congressional hearing. Michael Dorsey, one of the pioneering" service expediters", began going to traffic courts for other people back in 1988. Today his fees start at $ 20 and can go into the thousands to plead individual cases at the Bureau of Traffic Adjudication( his former employer). Mr. Dorsey knows what properly written parking ticket looks like, and often gets fines invalidated on its failures in formality. His clients include congressmen and diplomats, as well as firms for which tickets are an occupational hazard, such as taxi operators and television broadcasters. Service expediters are not universally loved. Non-tax income, like fines and fees, makes up about 7% of local-government revenue in Washington. Mr. Dorsey alone relieves that fund of $150, 000 a year. Meanwhile, citizen advocacy groups keep complaining about expediters such as the Congressional Services Company and CVK Group that specialise in saving places for congressional hearings. Committees hearing hot topics such as energy regulation often do not have enough seat. Why should a well-heeled lobbyist who has paid $ 30 an hour to a professional place-holder grab the place? Critics say this perpetuates a two-layered system :the rich get good government service, but the poor still have to wait. This seems a little harsh. Service expeditors can hardly be blamed for creating the unfair system they profit from. Anyway, it's not only rich corporate types who benefit from their services. Poor foreigners with little English hire expediters to navigate the ticket-fighting process;so do elderly and disabled people who want to save time on errands that require long hours standing in line. And, who knows, the service expediters might even shame the bureaucrats into pulling their socks up. Back in 1999 ,Washington's mayor, Tony Williams, promised to liberate citizens from the tyranny of the government queue. Things have gotten a bit better, but the 20-minute task of renewing a driver's license can still take days. Hiring an expert to confront the bureaucratic beast on your behalf takes care of that. What is the new business which emerged in Washington D. C. ? A Helping to establish small industries. B Making false tickets and driver's licenses. C Assisting in organising congressional hearings. 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com D Offering to go through official procedures for clients. 【正确答案】:D 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [精析] 该题为细节题。根据第一段第四句“In Washington D. C. --a city that struggles with more than its share of bureaucratic practices--a small industry is emerging that will queue for you to get everything from a driver's license to a seat in a congressional heating(”可知，在华盛 顿人们为繁琐的政府办事手续苦恼，因此出现了一个新兴行业，从业者替你排队 办理各种手续，包括驾照手续及国会听证会手续，故选D。 第17题 Which of the following is true according to the text? A The fines for offenders range from $ 20 to $1000 or more. B Television broadcasters are liable to receive parking tickets. C Fines are sometimes cancelled when tickets are well written. D Michael Dorsey's working experience helped with his new business. 【正确答案】:D 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [精析] 该题为细节题。根据第二段第二句“Today his fees start at $20 and can go into the thousands to plead individual cases at the Bureau of Traffic Adjudication (his former employer).”可知，麦克?多斯在交通审 判局(他以前的工作单位)为顾客申辩交通案件的收费从20美元起价，最高能达 到几千美元，而A项认为对违反交通规则的人的罚金是从20美元到1000美元， 不符合文意;根据第二段第四句“His clients include congressmen and diplomats, as well as firms for which tickets are an occupational hazard, such as taxi operators and television broadcasters.”可知，麦克?多斯 的委托人包括收到违规停车罚单将会面临职业风险的公司，比如出租车公司和电 视广播公司，而B项认为电视广播公司很有可能收到违规停车罚单，不符合文意; 根据第二段第三句“Mr. Dorsey knows what a properly written parking ticket looks like, and often gets fines invalidated on its failures in formality.”可知，麦克?多斯知道罚单正确的填写格式，因此很多罚单都由于 格式不正确而变得无效，而C项意思与文意相反;根据第二段第二句和第三句可 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com 知，由于麦克?多斯以前在交通审判局工作过，因此，他知道罚单正确的填写格 式，他经常使罚单因为格式不正确而变得无效，由此可知，麦克?多斯的工作经 验帮助了他完成新的工作，故选D。 第18题 This new business is not liked by all partly because A it shifts the tax load from the poor to the rich. B it gets profit by undermining the two-layered system. C it harms the interests of local governments. D it violates the equal opportunities principle. 【正确答案】:C 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [精析] 该题为细节题。A项认为这种新型行业将穷人的缴税负担转移到了富人 身上，文中未提到这一观点;根据第三段最后一句“Critics say this perpetuates a two-layered system„”可知，这种新型行业延续了而不是破坏 了双层体制，故排除B;根据第三段第二句和第三句“Non-tax income，like fines and fees, makes up about 7% of local-government revenue in Washington. Mr. Dorsey alone relieves that fund of $150,000 a year.”可知，免税收 入，比如罚金和各种费用，占华盛顿政府年收入的7%，仅多斯先生一人就使华 盛顿政府每年减少了15万美元的收入，因此这种新兴行业损害了政府的利益， 故选C;根据第四段可知，服务加速者不应该被指责制造了不公平的体制，不管 怎样，他们的委托人不仅仅是富人，他们也帮助几乎不懂英语的可怜的外国人应 对罚单申辩程序，并且使老年人和残疾人免去了排队之苦，因此他们并没有破坏 平等机会原则，故排除D。 第19题 It can be inferred from the text that service expediters could possibly A sort out troubles for elderly and disabled people. B help collect fines for local governments. C sting the government into improving services. D help poor foreigners navigate home. 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com 【正确答案】:A 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [精析] 该题为细节题。根据第四段第三句“„so do elderly and disabled people who want to save time on errands that require long hours standing in line.”可知，这些服务加速者代替老年人和残疾人排队，这样老年人和残疾人可以节省排队的时间，A项认为服务加速者可以为老年人和残疾人排忧解难，符合文意;根据第三段第二句和第三句可知，非税金收入，比如罚金，占华盛顿政府年收入的7%，仅多斯先生一人就使华盛顿政府每年减少了15万美元的收入，B项与文意相反;根据最后一段第一句“And, who knows, the service expediters might even shame the bureaucrats into pulling their socks up.”可知，作者认为服务加速者也许能使政府感到羞愧而努力改善服务，并不是激怒政府，故排除C;根据第四段第三句“Poor foreigners with little English hire expediters to navigate the ticket-fighting process„”可知，那些几乎不懂英语的可怜的外国人雇佣服务加速者来应对交通违章罚单申辩，而小是D项中的帮助贫穷的外国人回家。 第20题 The best title for the text probably is A The Taming of the Queue. B Controversy over New Businesses. C You Wait, I Wait, We All Wait. D The Bureaucratic Beast. 【正确答案】:A 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [精析] 该题为主旨题。综观全文，主要论述了一种新兴行业，即服务加速者，这些人帮助人们排队办理复杂而耗费时间的手续，因此只有A项“驯服队列”符合文意;B项提到“新兴行业之争论”，而本文只论述了一种具体的新兴行业，而不是对所有新兴行业进行评价;文章并没有集中论述人们一起等待，而是论述一种新兴行业的出现使一些人免去了排队等待之苦;虽然本文提到了政府办事手续繁琐，但是这只是为引出服务加速者做铺垫，重点在于后者，而并没有集中论述官僚主义的缺点。 二、Writing(本大题1小题(每题25.0分，共25.0分。You should write your responses to both Part A and Part B of this section on ANSWER SHEET 2( ) 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com 第1题 Study the following cartoon carefully and write an essay on it. In your essay, you should (1) describe the cartoon briefly, (2) analyze this situation and (3) give your comments. You should write 160 -200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. 【正确答案】: [高分范文] From the cartoon we can see a driver in a car is passing three different cities which are city A, city B and city C. But the three cities almost look like the same. There is nothing but high buildings in the three cities. Nowadays people all focus on modernizing cities but ignore characterizing cities. Even some ancient cities with nice historic places have been becoming more and more common. Historic places are being in danger of disappearance. For example, Beijing is no longer the old Beijing with distinctive features. We have to go to some specific places to enjoy hutong and siheyuan culture which was everywhere in Beijing in the past. Maybe in the future we can only see them from pictures. On the other hand, each city should be special and connected with its local culture. City should be like a theme park, which can make citizens feel proud there. Each city should have its own unique theme which is the basis of city building. In that case we won't feel bored while driving. I am looking forward to that day. [本题分数]: 25.0 分 【答案解析】 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com [写作点金] 写此类文章关键在于领悟图片的深层含义。一般来说，写作步骤可分为四部 分:首先，仔细观察图片，对图片进行描述;第二，陈述图片所影射社会现象; 第三，表达出你自己对该社会现象的看法;第四，对以上 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 进行总结。 [高频词句] There is nothing but„ 这里只有„ distinctive features 特色 in danger of 濒临 theme park 主题公园 none、三(共Reading Comprehension(子母填空)小题,5共分)10.0 第1题 Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your translation clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. A continuing phenomenon in business education is the emphasis on ethics. The American Assembly of Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) accreditation standards emphasize the need for an ethical awareness along with an understanding of "influence of political, social, legal and regulatory, environmental, and technological issues..." 1) One of the difficult ethical challenges it wants addressed concerns " inclusiveness," which we have interpreted to mean a "large umbrella" approach, in, for example, employee concerns. To this end, matters such as sexual preference are dealt with in a case involving a supervisor. 2) Possibly the greatest ethical idea that could build bridges in an increasingly fragmented society is the idea that empirical evidence must be sought and used to bring an agreement in controversial public issues. Clearly the greatest impact upon the business enterprise evidencing external political and social environments occurs with respect to law. Law is the way in which society and the political process translating into concrete form the forces shaping the business environment. Perhaps the most important development is the recognition that positive law has become the ethic of our time. 3) A key reason for this is the highly competitive nature of the business environment, where international competitors are threatening the very existence of the domestic U. S. businesses; this competition forces U. S. businesses to take a "bare bones," "do just what the law requires and no more "approach to ethics. Actually, the U.S. legal system is for more than a" bare bones" to legal rights.4) In fact, it could persuasively be argued that law in this nature has crept into the realm 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com of natural law and norms formerly described by private decision makers are now decreed by legislative commands. It is true that ethics involves doing the "right" thing, the just thing, the morally correct thing; however, positive law is now commanding us to "do the right thing. " Given the need to keep costs under control, most U.S. businesses give a sigh of relief and say," This is enough ethics for me ;thanks," if they can simply comply with the pervasive positive law. These businesses point out that their foreign competitors do not have the extensive -- and expensive protective labor laws, the Clean Water Act, the Fair Labor Standards -- Act, and a host of other laws. 5) These laws have praiseworthy goals; nonetheless, they make competing with businesses in other countries without such laws difficult, if not impossible, particularly when costs are taken into account. 【正确答案】: 它所要应对的艰难的道德挑战有一个涉及“包容性”，我们将其解释为“大伞” 方式，比如用“大伞”方式关爱雇员。 第2题 【正确答案】: 可能，能够将一个日益四分五裂的社会重新整合起来的最重要的道德理念就是必 须要寻找实证并用它来使人们在有争议的公共问题上达成一致。 第3题 【正确答案】: 而导致这一现象的关键性原因是商业环境本身所具有的激烈竞争的本性，在这里 国际竞争者正在威胁着美国本土商业的生存。 第4题 【正确答案】: 事实上，这样的法律已经开始进入自然法律的领域，而且以前由私人决策者制定 的准则现在要通过立法部门的审判。 第5题 【正确答案】: 这些法律的某些目的是值得称赞的;然而，它们使得本国商业很难与其他没有此 类法律规定的国家的商业进行竞争，有时本国商业甚至完全不具备竞争力，尤其 是考虑到成本的时候。 四、Use of English(共20小题,共20.0分) Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank. 第1题 Many people who fly at least occasionally have come down with a cold or the flu shortly after disembarking. Is the air in airborne commercial jets 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com (1) ? The Association of Flight Attendants (AFA), (2) which 42,000 flight attendants with 27 airlines are represented, evidently thinks so. The organization claims that the incidence of air-quality-related diseases has (3) among its members and demands that prompt actions be (4) to improve the conditions in the airplane cabin. A study the AFA (5) in 1997 uncovered about 1,000 self-reported incidents of headaches, dizziness and memory loss (6) flight attendants and passengers. Some flight attendants were too ill to (7) their safety duties, while others have been permanently disabled. Because of airlines' efforts to (8) their expenses, cabin-air filters are not cleaned (9) The complaints of flight attendants do not always give (10) to correct maintenance. Airlines turned to recycled air, (11) that they would reduce some of their costs. They are not required to put filters in. Airlines are (12) great pressure to get their flights out (13) . So they do not pay as much attention to systems that are not as (14) to flight schedule and safety. Recent research findings emphasize the concern that filters can (15) engine chemicals into the cabin air. This may not happen (16) every flight, but it is a persistent problem. In a study published in October 1998 an investigation was made (17) complaints of crew members (18) air quality and health. More than half of the 200 subjects reported health problems they (19) to cabin air. It was concluded that these health problems were consistent with (20) harmful gases and substances. A humid B unhealthy C unbearable D crisp 【正确答案】:B 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [精析] humid温暖潮湿的;unhealthy对健康有害的，不卫生的;unbeatable难以忍受的;crisp凉爽的，清新的。根据文章第一句话可知，很多人乘坐飞机 后会感冒，由此可以推断此处表达的意思是“„„不健康”，故选B。 第2题 A of 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com B in C by D to 【正确答案】:C 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [精析] 这里是由介词+关系代词which引导的定语从句，该句是被动语态，意为“27家航空公司的42000名空乘人员被AFA代表”，故选C。 第3题 A suspended B dropped C raised D increased 【正确答案】:D 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [精析] suspend暂停;drop降低;raise增加;increase V(增加。根据上文内容，很多乘客乘坐飞机后发现自己患了流感或感冒，由此可以推断出，与空气质量有关的疾病的发病率一直在上升，因此排除A和B;当raise做“增加”讲时，其主语是人，而该句的主语是incidence，因此可以排除raise;increase主语可以是人或者物，故选D。 第4题 A taken B done C made D given 【正确答案】:A 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [精析] take action意为“采取行动”，是固定搭配，故选A。 第5题 A founded B underlined C considered D undertook 【正确答案】:D 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [精析] found建立;underline强调;consider考虑;undertake从事，着手。由前面的“A study„”可知，此处想表达的是“从事一项研究”，故选D。 第6题 A between B within C among D inside 【正确答案】:C 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [精析] between在两者之间;within在(某段时间，某段距离，某范围)之间;among在„之中，指三者或三者以上;inside在(或向)„里，一般指空间。根据后面的“flight attendants and passengers”可知，此处表示的是在人群中间，故选C。 第7题 A perform 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com B achieve C comprehend D proceed 【正确答案】:A 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [精析] perform履行;achieve(凭长期努力)达到(某日标、地位、标准);comprehend理解;proceed继续做。根据后面的“their safety duties”可知，此处表达的是“履行职责”，duty常与perform搭配来表示此意，故选A。 第8题 A decline B cut C shrink D save 【正确答案】:B 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [精析] decline减少，下降，一般指数量、价值、质量等的减少，不与expense搭配，如:The number of tourists to the resort declined by 10% last year. ;cut削减，一般指价钱、产量等的削减，如:Buyers will bargain hard to cut the cost of the house they want. ;shrink收缩，一般指缩水，或某物从大到小的收缩，如:The tumor had shrunk to the size of a pea. ;save节省，把„存起来，一般说save money，save time，但是save不能直接与expense搭配，故选B。 第9题 A definitely B efficiently C smoothly 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com D regularly 【正确答案】:D 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [精析] definitely确切地;efficiently效率高地;smoothly顺利地;regularly经常地，定期地。根据前半句“Because of airlines' effort to cut their expenses”可知，航空公司极力缩减开支，由此可以推断此处表达的是飞机座舱的空气过滤器没有定期清洗，故选D。 第10题 A hope B attention C rise D chance 【正确答案】:D 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [精析] hope希望;attention注意;rise增加，提高;chance机会。从语意上来分析，空乘人员的投诉并没有提供使空气过滤器得到正确维护的机会，另外，从搭配上来看，chance可以与give搭配，而hope一般不可以与give搭配，故选D。 第11题 A confided B promised C ensured D convinced 【正确答案】:D 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com [精析] confide(向某人)吐露(隐私、秘密等);promise承诺;ensure确保;convince使确信。从语意L来看，可排除A;从句子结构上来看，这里是过去分词短语作原因状语，B项不符合;文中句子的意思是，航空公司诉诸可循环空气，因为他们确信(通过这种方式)可以降低部分成本，ensure常用于主动语态中，convince常用搭配为convince sb(/yourself of sth(，如:I'd convince myself (that) I was right(故选D。 第12题 A beyond B under C against D below 【正确答案】:B 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [精析] under pressure意为“承受压力”，为固定搭配，故选B。 第13题 A on time B at once C in line D in turn 【正确答案】:A 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [精析] on time按时，准时;at once立即;in line成一直线;in turn依次，轮流。根据后文的“flight schedule”可以推断出此处想表达的意思是“使航班准时发出”，故选A。 第14题 A influential 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com B inevitable C critical D efficient 【正确答案】:C 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [精析] influential有很大影响力的，常与介词in连用，表示在某方面有影响力;inevitable不可避免的;critical极重要的，关键的，常与介词to连用，表示对于„来说是极重要的;efficient效率高的。根据该句中的“systems”以及“flight schedule and safety”可以推断出此处要表达的是“对航班时刻表及飞行安全不起关键作用的系统”，故选C。 第15题 A enclose B block C introduce D detect 【正确答案】:C 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [精析] enclose(用墙、篱笆等)把„尉起来;block堵塞;introduce介绍，传入，引进;detect发现，侦查。根据前面的“filters”以及后面的“engine chemicals into the cabin air”可以推断出，此处表达的是“过滤器能将发动机中的化学物质传入座舱李气中”，故选C。 第16题 A by B on C at D along 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com 【正确答案】:B 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [精析] 表示在某种交通工具时需要用介词on，故选B。 第17题 A on B from C to D in 【正确答案】:A 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [精析] 只有on能与investigation搭配，表示“关于„的调查”，故选A。 第18题 A concerning B including C relating D attaching 【正确答案】:A 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [精析] including包括„在内，表示前面所提事物包括后面出现的事物，两者属于同一范畴，且是隶属关系，而“complaints”与“air quality and health”不属于同一范畴，故排除B;relating与attaching均须与介词“to”连用来表示“关于，与„相关联”，故排除C、D;concerning关于，涉及，后面可以直接跟名词，如:the official documents concerning the sale of this land，故选A。 第19题 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com A presented B attributed C blamed D appealed 【正确答案】:B 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [精析] present提交，展现;attribute与介词to连用表示“把„归因于”;blame与介词for或on连用表示“把„归因于”;appeal sb(/sth(against sth(表示“因„申诉„”。这里是一个定语从句，意思是在200名凋查对象中一半以上的人都将健康问题归因于座舱空气质量不良，故选B。 第20题 A exposure to B exploration of C formation of D compensation for 【正确答案】:A 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [精析] exposure意为“显露，暴露”，可与介词“to”搭配，如:Exposure of the body to strong sunlight can be harmful(根据句意，这些健康问题是与长期暴露于有害气体及物质当中相关，A项符合文意;exploration意为“勘探，探索”;formation意为“组成，形成”;compensation意为“补偿，赔偿”，均不符合文意。 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com