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金属及其化合物总结金属及其化合物总结 普通高中课程标准实验教科书-[人教版] 第三章 金属及其化合物 归纳与整理 (第一课时) 教学目的: 1、巩固常见金属钠及铝的单质、化合物性质。 2、培养归纳、概括、抽象思维能力,培养形成规律性认识的能力。 3、在发现总结规律的过程中启发学生分析、探究,激发学习兴趣。 重点、难点: 将具体物质的性质抽象、概括,形成知识网络。 教学过程: [导课]请同学们回顾我们刚学过的金属及其化合物的主要内容: [投影]第一节:金属化学性质: 一、金属与氧气反应(钠、镁、铝)二、金属与水反应...

金属及其化合物总结
金属及其化合物总结 普通高中课程 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 实验教科书-[人教版] 第三章 金属及其化合物 归纳与整理 (第一课时) 教学目的: 1、巩固常见金属钠及铝的单质、化合物性质。 2、培养归纳、概括、抽象思维能力,培养形成规律性认识的能力。 3、在发现总结规律的过程中启发学生 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 、探究,激发学习兴趣。 重点、难点: 将具体物质的性质抽象、概括,形成知识网络。 教学过程: [导课]请同学们回顾我们刚学过的金属及其化合物的主要内容: [投影]第一节:金属化学性质: 一、金属与氧气反应(钠、镁、铝)二、金属与水反应 (钠与水、铁与水)三、铝与氢氧化钠反应; 第二节:几种重要的金属化合物:一、氧化物(MgO、CuO、FeO、AlO)二、氢氧23233+化物(Fe(OH)、Fe(OH)、Al(OH)、)三、盐(NaCO与NaHCO、Fe的氧化性)四、焰色32333反应 第三节:用途广泛的金属材料 :一、常见合金的重要应用(铜合金、钢)二、正确选 用金属材料。 [讲述]我们采用Na、Al、Fe为主线纵向对金属性质进行归纳。 [板书] 第三章 金属及其化合物 归纳与整理 [填写下表] [投影]对照答案,查缺补漏。 main construction machines configured list of main construction equipment number equipment name model units number remark, lifting and transportation equipment 1 car SCC6000 3 2 1 rental car SCC2600 1 rental car QY50C 2 4 car QY25C 4-owned 5-owned truck crane QY12C 3 6 TC6024 tower crane-owned 2-7 TC5513 3 tower cranes-lease 8 upgrade SMZ20 3 owned 9 flatbed trailer 10 truck 25t 50T 2 rental 5-owned 11 tools 1.5T set SY5250GJB3A 2-owned 12 concrete pump truck set 5 lease 13 SY5310THB40R 14 2 rental of concrete pump truck forklift truck 5T 1-owned 25t 2 owned 16 15 electric winch hoists 10T 3 owned 17 manual hoists 10T 40 owned 18 manual hoists 5T 10 owned 19 manual Hu Lu 2T 3T 10 owned 20 manual hyacinth 10 owned 21 hydraulic jack 20T 15 owned 22 hydraulic jack 10T 10-owned three-, welding and lathe equipment and pipeline installation machinery 1 C620 3 2 radial drilling machine-owned Z50 4 3-owned semi-automatic cutting machine GZ-100A 15-owned 4 wheel cutter φ 400 20 5 plasma cutting machine 25-owned owned φ 150 100-owned 6 angle grinder 7 angle grinder diameter 100 180 owned 8 internal grinding machine 75 owned 9 electric test pump SY600 4-owned 2U-6/8 10 portable air compressor 2-owned 1/2 ″ ~4 ″ 11 tube Bender 5-owned 12 electric pipe threader 5 out of ... A comprehensive system of education for construction through technology to give the low-down, deeper knowledge of engineering construction personnel, enhance the quality of construction, security, and civil construction. (2) machine check: needed for construction machinery inventory verification, see construction equipment, machinery is intact, a variety of motor are working properly, is safe and reliable. Detection tools are complete and in good condition, discovered the problem in time to replace or repair. (3) all pipes, pipe fittings, valves, welding material must have the materials quality certificate, its content and form must 2 [归纳整理]一、钠及重要化合物之间的转化关系 1、(1)与氧气反应: (2)钠与水的反应 : 2、氧化物与过氧化钠: NaO+HO— NaO+CO— 2222 NaO+HO— NaO+CO— 222222 3、(1)碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠在水中的溶解性: (2)受热分解 : (3)与盐酸反应: [投影] 答案: 一、钠元素化合物性质 1、?与氧气反应: 4Na+O=2NaO 2Na+ONaO (淡黄色) 22222 ?钠与水的反应 ,N,,,HO====,N,OH,H? ,, 2、氧化物与过氧化钠: NaO+HO====2NaOH NaO+CO====NaCO 2222232NaO+2HO====4NaOH+O? 2NaO+2CO====2NaCO+O? 2222222232 3、(1)碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠在水中的溶解性:NaCO 〉NaHCO 233 (2)受热分解 (碳酸钠较稳定,碳酸氢钠受热不稳定:) 2NaHCO NaCO + CO ? + HO 3 2322 (3)与盐酸反应: NaCO+ 2HCl = 2NaCl + CO ? + HO 23 22 NaHCO+ HCl = NaCl + CO ?+ HO 3 22 [例题] 例1、将足量的金属钠投入到100gt?C的水中,恰好得到t?C时NaOH饱和溶液111g,则t?C时NaOH的溶解度为____克。 分析解答:由于2Na+2HO=NaOH+H?所以,反应前总质量为,反应后总质量为22 若设Na的物质的量为xmol,则=xmol.据质量守恒定律有:23x+100=111+x×2, 得x=0.5 ? =0.5mol×40g/mol=20g 2-- 例2、用1L1.0mol/LNaOH溶液吸收0.8molCO,所以溶液中的CO,HCO的物质的量浓233度之比为_____。 +分析提示:Na在反应后转化为NaCO及NaHCO这两种形式的物质,C原子在反应后进入233+2--CO及HCO中,设=xmol=ymol,据Na守恒有:2x+y=1.0mol/L×1L 据C守33 恒有:x+y=0.8mol 答案:1:3 例3、A、B、C三种金属相对原子质量之比为3:5:7,若以4:2:1的原子个数比形成三种金属组成的混合物4.64g,溶于足量的盐酸后,放出氢气在标准状况下的体积是3. 136L,若三种金属均为正2价,求三种金属的相对原子质量。 分析:由于三种金属均为+2价,所以三种金属物质的量之和等于与盐酸反应生成氢气的物质的量,由此可以求出混合金属的平均相对原子质量,由此可求出三种金属相对原子质量。 解: -owned 20 manual hyacinth 10 owned 21 hydraulic jack 20T 15 owned 22 hydraulic jack 10T 10l Hu Lu 2T 3T 10 owned 25t 2 owned 16 15 electric winch hoists 10T 3 owned 17 manual hoists 10T 40 owned 18 manual hoists 5T 10 owned 19 manua-owned 12 concrete pump truck set 5 lease 13 SY5310THB40R 14 2 rental of concrete pump truck forklift truck 5T 1-owned 11 tools 1.5T set SY5250GJB3A 2-lease 8 upgrade SMZ20 3 owned 9 flatbed trailer 10 truck 25t 50T 2 rental 5-7 TC5513 3 tower cranes-owned 2-owned truck crane QY12C 3 6 TC6024 tower crane-owned 5-1 rental car SCC2600 1 rental car QY50C 2 4 car QY25C 4fting and transportation equipment 1 car SCC6000 3 2 main construction machines configured list of main construction equipment number equipment name model units number remark, li2lding material must have the materials quality certificate, its content and form mustcomplete and in good condition, discovered the problem in time to replace or repair. (3) all pipes, pipe fittings, valves, wes are ee construction equipment, machinery is intact, a variety of motor are working properly, is safe and reliable. Detection toolonstruction, security, and civil construction. (2) machine check: needed for construction machinery inventory verification, sdown, deeper knowledge of engineering construction personnel, enhance the quality of c-the lowowned 12 electric pipe threader 5 out of ... A comprehensive system of education for construction through technology to give - 11 tube Bender 5″ ~4 ″owned 1/2 -2 6/8 10 portable air compressor-owned 2U-4owned 6 angle grinder 7 angle grinder diameter 100 180 owned 8 internal grinding machine 75 owned 9 electric test pump SY600 -owned owned φ 150 100-owned 4 wheel cutter φ 400 20 5 plasma cutting machine 25-100A 15-automatic cutting machine GZ-owned semi-owned Z50 4 3-, welding and lathe equipment and pipeline installation machinery 1 C620 3 2 radial drilling machine-owned three ?混合金属的物质的量=H的物质的量= =0.14mol 2 混合金属的平均摩尔质 量= 设:A、B、C三种金属的相对原子质量分别是3x、5x、7x 则: 解之,x=8 ?A、B、C三种金属的相对原子质量分别是:24、40、56。 例4 200?时,11.6g CO和水蒸气的混合气体与足量的NaO充分反应,反应后固体222的质量增加了3.6g。则原混合气体的平均式量为 A(5.8 B(11.6 C(23.2 D(46.4 分析:此题可以有多种解法,这里介绍三种,同学们可以通过比较,找出规律,理智地 采用最佳方法求出答案。 解法一:差量法 设原混合气体中含CO和HO物质的量分别为x、y 22 2NaO + 2CO === 2NaCO + O 固体质量增加 222232 78×2g 2mol 106×2g (212,156)g x 28x 2NaO + 2HO === 4NaOH + O 固体质量增加 2222 78×2g 2mol 40×4g 4g y 2y 28236xy,,.xmol,01.,, 解得,,4418116xy,,.ymol,04.,, 则混合气的平均式量为: 116.M,,232. 故选C 0104.., 解法二:平均值法 由方程式:2CO + 2NaO === 2NaCO + O和2HO + 2NaO === 4NaOH + O,可知,2222322222 mmmm与的总和减去固体增加的质量,应是 之值,即: (CO)(HO)(O)()增222 mmmm,,,mmmm,,, 所以, (CO)(HO)(O)(O),,增()coHO增,,,,222,,222 mggg,,,116368.. 这样, ()O2 8g 则O物质的量n,,0.25mol 2(O)232g/mol 1n,,[nn] 又由于 所以混合气总物质的量 nn2n,(O)(HO)(CO)HOCOo,222,,,,,,2222 11.6,,23.2 因此混合气体的平均式量 20.25, 解法三:估算法 CO的式量为44,水蒸气的式量为18,因此两种气体的混合物的平均式量必介于二者之2 间,故应选C。 小结:由上可见,在解计算选择题时墨守成规的用通常方法即差量法往往麻烦费时,显 然在此采用估算法是最简便的方法。 main construction machines configured list of main construction equipment number equipment name model units number remark, lifting and transportation equipment 1 car SCC6000 3 2 1 rental car SCC2600 1 rental car QY50C 2 4 car QY25C 4-owned 5-owned truck crane QY12C 3 6 TC6024 tower crane-owned 2-7 TC5513 3 tower cranes-lease 8 upgrade SMZ20 3 owned 9 flatbed trailer 10 truck 25t 50T 2 rental 5-owned 11 tools 1.5T set SY5250GJB3A 2-owned 12 concrete pump truck set 5 lease 13 SY5310THB40R 14 2 rental of concrete pump truck forklift truck 5T 1-owned 25t 2 owned 16 15 electric winch hoists 10T 3 owned 17 manual hoists 10T 40 owned 18 manual hoists 5T 10 owned 19 manual Hu Lu 2T 3T 10 owned 20 manual hyacinth 10 owned 21 hydraulic jack 20T 15 owned 22 hydraulic jack 10T 10-owned three-, welding and lathe equipment and pipeline installation machinery 1 C620 3 2 radial drilling machine-owned Z50 4 3-owned semi-automatic cutting machine GZ-100A 15-owned 4 wheel cutter φ 400 20 5 plasma cutting machine 25-owned owned φ 150 100-owned 6 angle grinder 7 angle grinder diameter 100 180 owned 8 internal grinding machine 75 owned 9 electric test pump SY600 4-owned 2U-6/8 10 portable air compressor 2-owned 1/2 ″ ~4 ″ 11 tube Bender 5-owned 12 electric pipe threader 5 out of ... A comprehensive system of education for construction through technology to give the low-down, deeper knowledge of engineering construction personnel, enhance the quality of construction, security, and civil construction. (2) machine check: needed for construction machinery inventory verification, see construction equipment, machinery is intact, a variety of motor are working properly, is safe and reliable. Detection tools are complete and in good condition, discovered the problem in time to replace or repair. (3) all pipes, pipe fittings, valves, welding material must have the materials quality certificate, its content and form must 4 [练习] 1、金属钠露置在空气中,在其表面不可能生成的物质是 A(NaO B(NaOH C(NaCO D(NaCl 223 2、下列各组中的两物质作用时,反应条件或反应物用量的改变,对生成物没有影响的是 A(NaO与CO B(Na与O 2222 C(NaOH与CO D(碳与O 22 3、下列叙述中正确的是 A(NaO与NaO都能与水反应生成碱,它们都是碱性氧化物 222 B(NaO与CO发生化合反应生成NaCO,NaO与CO发生置换反应生成O 22232222 C(NaO有氧化性,NaO只有还原性 222 D(NaO能继续被氧化成NaO,NaO比NaO稳定 222222 4、用于呼吸用具上和潜水艇中作为氧气的来源的物质是 A(NaO B(NaHCO C(SO(固) D(KMnO 223345、除去小苏打溶液中少量苏打的方法是 A(加热 B(加NaOH C(通CO气体 D(加盐酸 2 6、关于NaCO和NaHCO性质的有关叙述正确的是 233 A(在水中溶解性:NaCONaHCO 233 C(与酸反应的速度:NaCO
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