植物保护学报2008年第1期文摘

植物保护学报2008年第1期文摘 温度和食物种类对红褐斑腿蝗取食、生长及肠道消化酶活性的影响=Food consumption, growth and activity of digestive enzymes of Catantops pinguis (Stål) fed on different diets under three temperatures[刊，中]/王世贵(杭州师范大学, 杭州市动物科学与技术重点实验室，杭州310036),周莹, 冯利苹//植物保护学报. —2008，35(1).—1,6 摘要:在实验室不同温度(10、25、35?)下，比较茶叶和小麦苗对红褐斑腿蝗Catantops pinguis取食 利用能力的影响及其与蝗虫肠道消化酶活性之间的关系。结果表明，温度对蝗虫的日均取食量、相对生长 率影响极显著，均表现为35?>25?>10?，对日均绝对增重(干重)的影响趋势与此相同，但各处理温度 间差异不显著,对消化酶活性影响显著，总体表现为高温时活性大于低温，但不同的水解酶表现各不相同。 食物种类对近似消化力影响不大，但对小麦苗的取食量极显著高于对茶叶的取食量;三个处理温度下日均 绝对增重均以小麦苗为食时高于以茶叶为食，但差异不显著，以小麦苗为食时相对生长率极显著高于以茶 叶为食，显示食物对相对生长率影响显著;取食小麦苗时肠道消化酶活力极显著高于以茶叶为食，只有类 胰凝乳蛋白酶活力差异不显著。图2表2参28 关键词:红褐斑腿蝗;取食;消化酶活性;温度;食物 Abstract: The food consumption, growth and activity of digestive enzymes of Catantops pinguis (Stål) (Orthoptera: Catantopidae) fed on different diets were investigated under three temperatures(10，25，35?). The temperature affected the food consumption and relative growth rate extreme remarkably, performed as 35?>25?>10?, the temperature affected the net growth with the same trend yet there was no statistical difference among three treated temperatures. The temperature affected the protease activity extreme remarkably, the general trend was higher temperature had higher activity, but for each enzyme there was different performance. The diet affected the food consumption extreme significantly, which means locust fed more wheat seedling than tea leaves, even the approximate digestibility on wheat seedling was just higher than that on tea leaves. The net growth when fed on wheat seedling were higher than that fed on tea leaves under three treated temperatures, although there was no significant difference, but the relative growth rate when fed on wheat seedling was significantly higher than that fed on tea leaves, show that diet affected the relative growth rate significantly. The diet affected the protease activity exceeding remarkably, while the protease activity fed on wheat seedling was higher than that fed on tea leaves remarkably, except chymotrypsin. Key words: Catantops pinguis; food consumption; protease activity; temperature; diet email: sgwang@mail.hz.zj.cn 东亚小花蝽若虫对西花蓟马若虫的捕食作用=Predation of Orius sauteri nymphs on Frankliniella nymphs[刊，中]/张安盛(山东省农业科学院植物保护研究所，济南250100),于毅，门兴元，occidentalis 李丽莉//植物保护学报. —2008，35(1).—7,11 摘要:在室内条件下进行东亚小花蝽2、4龄若虫对西花蓟马若虫的捕食功能反应与搜寻效应试验。结果表 明:在供试温度下，其捕食功能反应均符合Holling II型方程;相同温度下，东亚小花蝽若虫的捕食量随 猎物密度的增加而增加，而搜寻效应随之降低。相同猎物密度条件下，18,26?之间，随着温度的升高， 东亚小花蝽若虫对西花蓟马若虫的捕食量增加、搜寻效应增强;而在26,30?之间，趋势相反。26?时， 东亚小花蝽2、4龄若虫日捕食量最大，捕食上限分别达18.2头和38.2头;处置1头猎物所需时间(T)h 最低，分别为0.0549天和0.0262天;瞬时攻击率(a)最高，分别为1.0574和1.3665。东亚小花蝽2、4 -0.6669-0.4767龄若虫捕食作用率与其密度的关系分别为E=0.4034 P和E=0.3851P;分摊竞争强度与其密度的关 系分别为I=1.0167lgP+0.0172和I=0.8088lgP+0.0142。图2表2参22 关键词:东亚小花蝽;西花蓟马;捕食作用 ndthAbstract: Functional response and searching efficacy of the 2 and 4 instar Orius sauteri nymphs on Frankliniella occidentalis nymphs were evaluated under laboratory conditions. The functional response could be described with Holling II equation within the range of tested temperatures. At the same temperature, predation capacity of O. sauteri nymph on F. occidentalis nymphs increased with the increasing density of F. occidentalis nymphs, while searching efficacy decreased. At same prey density, predation capacity and searching efficacy of O. sauteri nymph increased with the increase of temperature at 18-26 ?, however decreased at 26-30 ?. At 26?, nd thpredation number of 2 and 4 instar O. sauteri was the highest, which was 18.2 and 38.2, respectively; T was h the lowest, which was 0.0549 d and 0.0262 d, respectively; a was the highest, which was 1.0574 and 1.3665, respectively. The relationship between predation ratio (E) and density of the O. sauteri nymph (P) was described -0.6669-0.4767by equation of E=0.4034P and E=0.3851P, respectively. The relationship between intensity of scrambling competition (I) and the density of the O. sauteri nymph (P) was I=1.0167lgP+0.0172 and I=0.8088lgP+0.0142, respectively. Key words: Orius sauteri; Frankliniella occidentalis; predation email: zhangansheng2003@163.com 朝鲜球坚蚧对8种寄主植物的产卵和取食选择性及其 机制 综治信访维稳工作机制反恐怖工作机制企业员工晋升机制公司员工晋升机制员工晋升机制图 =Selectivity and mechanism of Didesmococcus Borchs on eight host plants[刊，中]/黄保宏(安徽农业大学林学与园林学院，合肥230036),koreanus 邹运鼎，毕守东，骆鹏飞，王其连//植物保护学报. —2008，35(1).—12,18 摘要:采用笼罩法研究了朝鲜球坚蚧对8种寄主的选择性及其与寄主枝条物理结构、寄主和蚧体内化学物 质间的关系。结果表明，朝鲜球坚蚧对8种寄主的取食和产卵的选择性差异均达极显著水平，由强到弱依 次为桃、梅、李、杏、苹果、梨、樱桃和山楂，且分成桃、梅、李、杏，苹果、梨、樱桃,以及山楂3个寄 主层次。取食和产卵选择性一致，分别与8种寄主的表皮毛密度、长度、皮层厚度、枝条直径、黄酮以及 单宁等间达极显著负相关，相关系数r分别为-0.9413,-0.8816和-0.9624,-0.8943;同时分别与8种寄 主的可溶性糖、蛋白质、游离氨基酸、含水量、CarE、AChE、GSTs和蚧体可溶性蛋白质等间达极显著正相 关，r分别为0.9025,0.9413和0.8937,0.9201。以取食表皮较为光滑、表皮毛稀疏、长度短、皮层薄、 寄主可溶性蛋白质、游离氨基酸和含水量多、含黄酮和单宁少的桃、梅、李和杏等寄主的蚧体内CarE、AChE、 GSTs的活性和可溶性蛋白质含量较高，对寄主选择性较强;取食苹果、梨和樱桃的次之;取食山楂的最低。 表3参23 关键词:朝鲜球坚蚧;寄主;选择性;物理结构;化学物质 Abstract: The relationships among the selectivity of Didesmococcus koreanus Borchs, branch physical structure and chemical substance in the eight host plants and D. koreanus were studied by using net covered means. It provide basis for to conducted ecological pest regulation and management by insect-resistant varieties. The results showed that the feeding-selectivity and oviposition-selectivity of D. koreanus to eight host plants all were significantly different, and orders of these selectivities were peach, plum, cherry plum, apricot, apple, pear, cherry and hawthorn. And these hosts were divided into three groups, the most favorite hosts were peach, plum, cherry plum and apricot, the favorite hosts were apple, pear and cherry, the inferior favorite host was hawthorn. Feeding-selectivity and oviposistion-selectivity of D. koreanus with the eight host plants of the hairs density, length, epidermis thickness, branch diameter, flavones and tannin, and all reached a very significant negative correlation, and their correlated coefficients r respectively were -0.9413 to -0.8816 and -0.9624 to -0.8943. The same reasoning, feeding-selectivity and oviposition-selectivity of D. koreanus with the eight host plants of branch’ s soluble sugar, host plant’ssoluble protein, free amino acids, water content, CarE, AChE, GSTs and the insect’ s soluble protein content, and all reached a very significant positive correlation, and their correlated coefficients r respectively were 0.9025 to 0.9413 and 0.8937 to 0.9201. Feeding-selectivity and oviposition-selectivity of D. koreanus are consistent on the eight host plants. Activity of CarE, AChE, GSTs and the soluble protein content of D. koreanus that feeding peach, plum, cherry plum and apricot which branches relatively smooth surface, low hair density, length short, thin epidermis, more content of host’ s soluble proteins, free amino acids, water content, and low content flavones and tannins were relatively high. The D. koreanus of the host plant’ s selectivity strong is serious harm to the eight hosts, these of apple, pear and cherry were inferior, and these of hawthorn are the worst. Key words: Didesmococcus koreanus Borchs; host plant; selection; physical structure; chemical substance email: bhh826@sohu.com 水稻条纹病毒胁迫下抗、感病水稻品种胼胝质的沉积=Callose deposition in resistant and susceptible rice varieties under Rice stripe virus stress[刊，中]/丁新伦(福建农林大学植物病毒研究所，福建 省植物病毒学重点实验室，福州350002),谢荔岩，林奇英，吴祖建，谢联辉//植物保护学报. —2008，35 (1).—19,22 摘要:为进一步探讨脱落酸(abscisic acid，ABA)在水稻条纹病毒(Rice stripe virus，RSV)与水稻互 作中的作用，采用徒手切片法及苯胺蓝荧光染色技术研究RSV胁迫对抗、感水稻品种叶片中胼胝质沉积的 影响。在RSV胁迫下，感病水稻叶片组织中胼胝质的荧光强度与健株无显著差异;而抗病水稻叶片组织中 胼胝质的荧光强度却较健株明显增强，其中，大维管束中的维管束鞘内层厚壁细胞、木质部和韧皮部以及 维管束鞘延伸的厚壁组织、小维管束、表皮细胞以及叶肉细胞均有较强的胼胝质荧光出现;且抗病水稻中 的胼胝质荧光强度强于感病水稻。这说明水稻品种的抗性与胼胝质的沉积有关，ABA参与了RSV与水稻的 互作，增强了水稻抗RSV的作用。图2参17 关键词:抗病品种;感病品种;水稻条纹病毒;脱落酸;胼胝质沉积 Abstract: In order to reveal the role of abscisic acid (ABA) in the interaction between Rice stripe virus (RSV) and rice, an observation had been made on the callose deposition in leaves of resistant rice variety KT95-418 and susceptible rice variety Wuyujing No.3 under RSV stress via freehand sectioning and aniline blue staining. Results showed that callose fluorescences in leaves of Wuyujing No.3 under RSV stress remained constantly compared with the uninoculated control; however, the leaves of KT95-418 under RSV stress had more callose staining, including large vascular bundles and sclerenchyma cells of vascular bundle sheath, small vascular bundles, epidermal cells and mesophyll cells; and more fluorescences of callose deposition were observed in resistant variety than susceptible variety. It was considered that callose deposition and resistance was positively related, and ABA involved in the interaction of RSV and rice. 17 Refs. In Chinese. Key words: resistant variety; susceptible variety; Rice stripe virus; abscisic acid; callose deposition email: dingxinlun@163.com 稻曲病菌无性孢子萌发及在不同培养基上生长特性=Characteristics of asexual spore germination and growth of Ustilaginoidea virens in different media[刊，中]/李阳(华中农业大学植物科技学院 湖北 省作物病害监测与安全控制重点实验室,武汉430070),李其利,郑露,罗汉钢,黄俊斌,张求东//植物保护学 报. —2008，35(1).—23,27 摘要:采用不同的培养基研究稻曲病菌孢子萌发及病菌生长特性。结果表明，稻曲病菌厚垣孢子和分生孢 子在蒸馏水和2%蔗糖溶液中3 h不能萌发;6 h时分生孢子、厚垣孢子分别萌发产生次生分生孢子和分生 孢子;新采集的黄色和黑色稻曲球上的厚垣孢子在2%蔗糖溶液中的萌发率均高于其在蒸馏水中的萌发率。 供试的9种固体培养基中，以马铃薯蔗糖琼脂培养基(PSA)最适于病原菌生长，生长速率为2.54 mm/天; 病菌在7种培养液中振荡培养7天后，在马铃薯葡萄糖培养液(PDB)中菌丝干重最大，达24.5 mg/mL， 7 7在大米汁和马铃薯蔗糖培养液(PSB)中产生的分生孢子量最多，孢子浓度分别为2.63×10和2.28×10 个 /mL;而固、液态的Czapek、稻秆汁和胁本哲氏培养基均不适宜于稻曲病菌的培养。图2表3参12 关键词:稻曲病;稻曲病菌;无性孢子;生物学特性 Abstract: In order to elucidate the characteristics of asexual spore germination and screen suitable media for pathogen’ s growth and sporulation, the germination and growth characteristics were studied in different culture media. The results showed that the chlamydospores of the pathogen and conidia was not germinated after 3 h in distilled water or 2% sucrose solution, and primary conidia and chlamydospores could germinate and produce secondary conidia and conidia by 6 h, respectively. Chlamydospores with yellow or black galls have higher germination rate in 2% sucrose solution than that in distilled water. Among the solid culture media tested, PSA (potato sucrose agar) supported fastest mycelial growth at 2.54 mm/d. In liquid culture, dry weight of mycelia was highest in PDB (potato dextrose broth) at 24.5 mg/mL. The number of conidia was the largest in the rice extract 7-17-1medium and PSB medium with 2.63×10 spores mL and 2.28×10 spores mL, respectively. However, both solid and liquid media with Czapek, rice stalk extract and wakimoto toceshi were not suitable for mycelial growth. Key words: rice false smut; Ustilaginoidea virens; asexual spore; biological characteristics email: hnly101@yahoo.com.cn 具ACC脱氨酶活性的植物内生细菌对辣椒的促生作用和对疫霉病的防治作用=Growth promotion and control for blight of endophytic bacterium with ACC deaminase in capsicum[刊，中]/沈萍(南京师 范大学生命科学学院, 南京 210046),闫淑珍,陈双林,崔晓灿,李莉//植物保护学报. —2008，35 (1).—28,32 摘要:采用筛选自植物体的内生菌株XG32(Pseudomonas fluorescens biovar ?)、DLJ1和DP24的菌液， 进行浸泡辣椒种子、浇灌辣椒幼苗和防治辣椒疫病Phytophthora capsici Leonian的试验。结果表明:浸 种接种仅表现促进初生苗的根伸长;而在菌液中培养接种时对根长和下胚轴的伸长均有作用，在以浇灌方 式处理辣椒幼苗时处理组鲜重和株高均比对照组高30%以上;接种内生细菌对辣椒疫病有较好的防治效果; 单独接种疫霉毒素发现，3株内生细菌在一定程度上能抑制疫霉毒素对辣椒的毒害作用。图3表3参13 关键词:ACC脱氨酶;内生细菌;促生作用;防病作用 Abstract: Three endophytic bacterium strains XG32 (Pseudomonas fluorescens biovar ?), DLJ1 and DP24 obtained from plants were tested. Three tests, such as soaking capsicum seeds, irrigating capsicum seedlings and controlling pepper Phytophthora blight, were adopted. The results indicated that root and hypocotyl length can be promoted when the seeds were irrigating with the three strains. Plant height and fresh weight were boosted 30% than control when capsicum seedlings were irrigated. Effect of disease control was increased when seedlings were inoculated. Moreover, these strains can also reduce harmful effects of toxin of Phytophthora capsici on plants in certain extent. Key words: ACC deaminase; endophytic bacteria; promoting growth; disease control email: spfly@163.com 小麦赤霉病穗组织中黄色镰刀菌和DON毒素的定量 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 =Real-time PCR quantification and deoxynivalenol production of Fusarium culmorum in inoculated head tissues of wheat[刊，中]/ 吴茂森(中国农业科学院植物保护研究所，植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室，北京100094),何晨阳//植 物保护学报. —2008，35(1).—33,36 摘要:为阐明小麦赤霉病穗组织中黄色镰刀菌Fusarium culmorum(简称Fc)与毒素产生之间的关系，分别 用TaqMan探针实时定量PCR和ELISA法，对接种4天后的17个小麦品系穗组织中的Fc DNA和脱氧雪腐镰 刀菌烯醇(DON)含量进行了测定。在Fc DNA定量检测中，TaqMan探针实时PCR技术具有高度的稳定性和可 重复性。不同小麦品系的Fc DNA含量差异显著，感病品种比抗病品种高100倍左右;DON含量也不相同， Fc生物量的增加伴随着DON产量的提高，两者之间存在对数关系(y=19 758lnx-111 230)。菌量较低时，DON 含量相对较大;而菌量较高时，DON含量相对偏低。图2表1参12 关键词:小麦赤霉病;黄色镰刀菌; DON毒素;分子定量 Abstract: To elucidate the relationship between fungal biomass and deoxynivalenol (DON) production of Fusarium culmorum (Fc) in Fc-inoculated wheat heads, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-Q-PCR) based on TaqMan technology and enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used for Fc DNA quantification and toxin measurement in the head tissues of 17 wheat lines or genotypes 4 days after fungal inoculation. TaqMan-based RT-Q-PCR assay was found to be highly reliable and reproducible to measure Fc DNA. Fc DNA and DON concentrations varied in different wheat varieties or genotypes. A positive and logarithm correlation was observed between Fc biomass and DON concentrations in the Fc-inoculated wheat heads (y=19758lnx-111230). Key words: Fusarium head blight of wheat; Fusarium culmorum; deoxynivalenol (DON) toxin; molecular quantification email: mswu@ippcaas.cn 亲和病原菌诱导黄瓜组织结构抗病性机制=Structural resistance in cucumber induced by pathogen [刊，中]/于洋(沈阳农业大学，沈阳110161),石延霞,傅俊范,李宝聚//植物保护学报. —2008，35 (1).—37,42 6摘要:炭疽病菌预先接种黄瓜可以诱导其产生对褐斑病的抗性。经炭疽病菌(1.0×10个孢子/mL)诱导 48 h后，黄瓜对褐斑病的抗性最大可达97.83,。在同种马铃薯葡萄糖液体培养基中培养，这两种病原菌 的竞争力差异显著，黄瓜炭疽病菌能够获得更多的营养物质，生长旺盛，而褐斑病菌的生长则受到严重抑 制。经苯胺兰染色发现，炭疽病菌诱导后黄瓜叶片中胼胝质的积累量显著增加。此外，黄瓜炭疽病菌与褐 斑病菌的侵染方式存在一定的差异，前者可以通过气孔或直接穿透细胞壁侵入寄主，而后者只能通过直接 穿透细胞壁侵入寄主。图4表3参11 关键词:黄瓜;黄瓜炭疽病菌;黄瓜褐斑病菌;诱导抗病性 Abstract: Colletotrichum lagenarium can induce resistance in cucumber against brown-spot. The effect of 6resistance can reach 97.83% if the cucumber inoculated by Colletotrichum lagenarium (1.0×10 spores/mL) 48 hours. The ability of challenge is different, Colletotrichum lagenarium is stronger and absorbed more in the same grade on nutrition. The accumulation of callose in leaves of induced cucumber increased obviously by toluidine blue. Also, results of study of mechanism show that the way of infection is different between Colletotrichum lagenarium and Corynespora cassiicola after stained. The invasion of former is through stoma or attack cell wall, directly, but the latter by cell wall only. Key words: cucumber; Colletotrichum lagenarium; Corynespora cassiicola; induced resistance email: yuyking@163.com 茄子砧木根系苯丙烷类代谢与抗南方根结线虫水平的关系=The relationship between resistance to Meloidogyne incognita and phenylpropanes metabolism in roots of eggplant rootstock[刊，中]/ 徐小明(山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院，作物生物学国家重点实验室，泰安271018),徐坤,于芹,张晓 艳//植物保护学报. —2008，35(1).—43,46 摘要:采用盆栽幼苗人工接种方法，研究南方根结线虫侵染对茄子砧木幼苗根系苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、 酪氨酸解氨酶(TAL)及多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性和总酚、木质素含量的影响。结果表明，无论是否遭受南 方根结线虫侵染，幼苗根系PAL、TAL、PPO活性及总酚、木质素含量均以托鲁巴姆显著高于赤茄。虽然南 方根结线虫侵染使2个茄子砧木幼苗根系苯丙烷类物质含量及相关酶活性均有所增加，但以托鲁巴姆增幅 较大，其PAL、TAL、PPO活性及总酚、木质素含量的最大增幅较对照分别高67.87%、82.13%、32.19%、62.14% 和20.91%，而赤茄仅分别较对照高47.13%、45.52%、18.08%、35.38%、14.86%。整个侵染进程中，托鲁巴 姆始终表现出强烈的抗性反应，而赤茄除在初次侵染前期表现出一定的抗性反应外，其余时间反应较弱， 尤其在遭受二次侵染时，抗性反应显著低于初次侵染。表明苯丙烷类代谢产物及关键酶与茄子砧木抗南方 根结线虫水平密切相关。图4参18 关键词:茄子砧木;南方根结线虫;苯丙烷类代谢;抗病性 Abstract: In order to discuss the relationship between the resistance to Meloidogyne incognita and metabolism of phenylpropanes in roots of eggplant rootstock, effect of infection of Meloidogyne incognita on the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyse (PAL), tyrosine ammonia-lyse (TAL) and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and the contents of total phenolic compounds and lignin in seedling roots were studied with Solanum torvum, the high resistant variety and Solanum integrifolium, the susceptible variety, which were planted in pots and inoculated with Meloidogyne incognita. The results showed that whether the seedling roots were infected by Meloidogyne incognita or not, the activities of PAL, TAL and PPO and the content of total phenolic compounds and lignin in Solanum torvum were significantly higher than those in Solanum integrifolium. Though the contents of phenylpropanes and activities of relative enzyme in seedling roots of two different resistant varieties infected with Meloidogyne incognita both increased, the activities of PAL, TAL, PPO and contents of total phenolic compounds and lignin in Solanum torvum increased higher than those in Solanum integrifolium, and the highest increasing extension of those indexes in Solanum torvum was 67.87%, 82.13%, 32.19%, 62.14%, 20.91% higher than the control, but only 47.13%, 45.52%, 18.08%, 35.38%, 14.86% higher than the control in Solanum integrifolium, respectively. During the process of infection, intensive resistant reaction was discovered in Solanum torvum, but the resistant reaction in Solanum integrifolium was weak except for at the earlier stage of first infection, especially, the resistance to second infection was remarkably lower than first infection. The results suggested that the metabolite of phenylpropanes and their key enzymes were closely related to resistance of eggplant rootstock to Meloidogyne incognita. Key words: eggplant rootstock; Meloidogyne incognita; phenylpropanes metabolism; resistance to disease email: superus@sdau.edu.cn 藤黄灰链霉菌ECO 00001菌株中寡霉素A和C的分离鉴定及其活性=Separation and identification of oligomycins A and C from Streptomyces luteogriseus ECO 00001 and their bioactive properties[刊， 中]/李一青(云南大学生物资源保护与利用重点实验室， 昆明650091),刘树芳,李铭刚,赵江源,李家瑞,文 孟良//植物保护学报. —2008，35(1).—47,50 摘要:运用生物活性追踪和色谱分离方法，从藤黄灰链霉菌ECO 00001菌丝体丙酮粗提物中分离得到两个 活性化合物。经波谱分析，鉴定为大环内酯类抗生素寡霉素C和A。采用孢子萌发抑制法和菌丝生长抑制 法测定寡霉素C和A对5种植物病原真菌的离体抗菌活性。当寡霉素C和A的浓度分别为15μg/mL和5μ g/mL时，对百合灰霉病菌、百合炭疽病菌、烟草赤星病菌、稻瘟病菌及水稻恶苗病菌的孢子萌发抑制率均 为100,;当浓度分别为100μg/mL和50μg/mL时，对上述5种病原真菌的抑菌圈直径均在10 mm以上， 化合物II对5个供试植物病原真菌的抑制活性强于化合物I。图1表2参14 关键词:藤黄灰链霉菌;寡霉素A;寡霉素C;灰霉病 Abstract: Two bioactive compounds were isolated from the crude acetone extract of the mycelium of Streptomyces luteogriseus ECO 00001 by bioassayguided and various chromatographic procedures, they were identified as macrolide antibiotic oligomycins C and A by various spectral analysis. Their antifungal activities against five plant pathogenic fungi were evaluated in vitro by using methods of spore germination inhibition and mycelial growth inhibition. When the concentrations of oligomycins C and A were respectively 15 μg/mL and 5 μg/mL, their spore germination inhibition rates to Botrytis elliptica and Colletotrichum liliacearum of Lilium longiflorum, Alternaria alternate, Pyricularia grisea and Fusarium moniliforme were 100,. Their diameters of inhibition circle against the above five plant pathogenic fungi were all above 10 mm when the concentrations of oligomycins C and A were respectively 100 μg/mL and 50 μg/mL. The inhibited activities against five plant pathogenic fungi of compound II were stronger than those of compound I. Key words: Streptomyces luteogriseus; oligomycin A; oligomycin C; Botrytis elliptica email: yiqingli@ynu.edu.cn 柑橘‘不知火’果实上INA细菌的分离鉴定及室内防除=Isolation and identification of INA bacteria in hybrid ‘Skiranui tangerine’ citrus cultivars and their indoor control[刊，中]/汪志辉(四 川农业大学林学园艺学院，雅安625014),廖明安,杨文渊,陈善波,黄蕾,边强吉//植物保护学报. —2008， 35(1).—51,57 摘要:从目前南方发展的优质杂交柑‘不知火’所面临的霜冻问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 出发，分离、纯化四川盆地‘不知火’ 果实上可能存在的优势冰核活性细菌(ice-nucleation active bacteria, INA)。细菌学鉴定和室内防治 试验结果表明:分离出的9株INA 细菌4株为Erwinia ananas，5株为Pseudomonas syringae pvs.，其冰 核活性均受温度、菌液浓度及pH值的影响。供试的抗霜素1号、石硫合剂、代森锰锌三种化学药剂对所分 离的INA细菌室内防除效果均在90%以上，其中以抗霜素1号防除效果最好。同时，在同一生态条件下的 ‘伏令夏橙’果实上还分离出3株对INA细菌有拮抗作用的拮抗菌。表6参22 关键词:INA细菌;霜冻;杂交柑;防霜药剂 Abstract: In order to slow down the frost damage of the superior hybrid ‘Skiranui tangerine’ (C. unshiu×C. sinensis) in the southern China, 9 strains of ice nucleation active bacteria (INA) which might cause the frost damage of the fruit were isolated from the ‘Skiranui tangerine’ fruit sampled from the Pujiang County in Sichuan Basin. Through the bacteriology identification methods, 4 isolates were identified as Erwinia ananas and 5 isolates were identified as Pseudomonas syringae pvs. The activity of INA bacteria was affected by temperatures, bacteria mixture concentrations and pH values. Three experimental medicaments No.1 frost-resistant medicament， lime-sulphate medicament and macozeb tested in the indoor controlling experiments, their effect of control were above 90%,and the No.1 frost-resistant medicament showed the best controlling effects on the INA bacteria. Meanwhile, 3 isolates of antagonistic bacteria of INA bacteria were isolated from ‘Valencia’ fruit on the same ecological condition. Key words: ice-nucleation active bacteria; frost; hybrid citrus cultivars; frost-resistant medicament email: wangzhihui318@126.com 两种二苯醚类除草剂对花生苗期生长发育及氮素代谢的影响=Effect of two diphenylethers herbicides on growth and nitrogen metabolism of peanut at the seedling stage[刊，中]/张猛(山东农业大学植 物保护学院，泰安271018),王金信,段敏,彭学岗,郇志博//植物保护学报. —2008，35(1).—58,62 摘要:在温室条件下，研究三氟羧草醚和乙羧氟草醚对苗期花生生长发育以及氮素代谢的影响。结果表明: 两种除草剂均明显抑制苗期花生的生长发育，同时抑制苗期花生的氮素代谢过程中关键酶硝酸还原酶和谷 氨酰胺合成酶的活性，导致苗期花生植株的全氮含量显著降低。其中三氟羧草醚对花生生长发育的抑制作 用较强，在高剂量下，对花生植株鲜重抑制率、干重抑制率分别为32.85,和30.00,;与对照花生的结瘤 率(80.00,)相比，三氟羧草醚处理的花生结瘤率为28.60,;叶片叶绿素含量在处理后各时期均低于空 白对照。三氟羧草醚和乙羧氟草醚对花生氮素代谢的关键酶硝酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性均有不同程 度的抑制作用，影响了花生氮素的正常代谢，花生植株全氮含量分别为1.452,和1.553,，显著低于对照 植株全氮含量。图2表3参14 关键词:二苯醚类除草剂;花生;氮素代谢;硝酸还原酶;谷氨酰胺合成酶 Abstract: The effects of acifluorfene and fluoroglycofenethyl on growth and nitrogen metabolism of peanut at the seedling stage were studied in the greenhouse. Two herbicides had strong inhibitory effects on growth development of peanut and key enzymes activity, nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase, leading to the plant total nitrogen content of peanut decreased observably. The effect of acifluorfene on growth of peanut was shown to exert a fairly strong inhibitory and inhibitory rate of fresh weight and dry weight were 32.85% and 30.00%, and nodulation rate was 28.60%, comparison with nodulation rate without herbicides 80.00%. Moreover, contents of chlorophyll in the treatment were lower than those of control. Acifluorfene and fluoroglycofen-ethyl had inhibitory effects on key enzymes activity, nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase, during N metabolism to different extents. The total nitrogen contents of acifluorfene and fluoroglycofen-ethyl treatments were 1.452% and 1.553, respectively, which were obviously lower than that of blank control group. Key words: diphenylethers herbicides; peanut; nitrogen metabolism; NRase; GS email: zhangmeng320@tom.com 斑蝥素及去甲斑蝥素对七种植物病原真菌的抑制作用=Inhibition of cantharidin and demethylcantharidin to seven phytopathogenic fungi[刊，中]/曹微丹(北京农学院植物科学技术系， 北 京102206),张志勇,杨宝东,张民照,孙淑玲//植物保护学报. —2008，35(1).—63,68 摘要:采用菌丝生长速率法研究斑蝥素和去甲斑蝥素对苹果树腐烂病菌等7种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性。 斑蝥素25,200 mg/L对7种病原真菌的菌丝生长均有抑制作用，对苹果树腐烂病菌和苹果轮纹病菌EC50 分别为0.1 mg/L和8.2 mg/L。去甲斑蝥素50,200 mg/L对苹果树腐烂病菌、苹果轮纹病菌、白菜黑斑病 菌、黄瓜菌核病菌的菌丝生长有明显的抑制作用，对苹果树腐烂病菌和苹果轮纹病菌菌丝生长EC分别为50 13.6 mg/L和80.2 mg/L。两种药剂EC处理5天后，在扫描电镜中发现两种供试菌菌丝加粗、皱缩，在透50 射电镜下观察到细胞膜畸形、细胞内空腔增多，出现电子致密物、囊泡等亚细胞结构变化。图4表1参17 关键词:斑蝥素; 去甲斑蝥素; 植物病原真菌; 抑菌活性; 超微结构 Abstract: The antifungal activities of cantharidin and demethylcantharidin against Valsa mali and other 6 plant pathogens were studied. The results showed that cantharidin had affected to all tested plant pathogens. Among of them EC to Valsa mali was 0.1 mg/L and EC to Physalospora piricola was 8.2 mg/L. The inhibition of 5050 demethylcantharidin had affected 4 of the plant pathogens obviously. Among of them EC of demethylcantharidin 50 to Valsa mali was 13.6 mg/L and to Physalospora piricola was 80.2 mg/L. Overstriking mycelia, malformed cell membrane, increased a number of mycelium cell cavums, electrondense materials and vesicles etc. were observed in Valsa mali and Physalospora piricola under the scanning and transmission electron micrographs after 5 d treatment by the two test chemicals. Key words: cantharidin; demethylcantharidin; phytopathogen; inhibition; ultrastructure email: weidan0916@163.com 空心莲子草对水稻生长的影响及其经济阈值=Influence of Alternanthera philoxeroides on the growth of paddy rice and its economic threshold[刊，中]/喻大昭(湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所，武汉 430064),魏守辉,朱文达,曹坳程,张朝贤,宋兆欣//植物保护学报. —2008，35(1).—69,73 摘要:采用添加系列试验和模型拟合的方法研究不同空心莲子草密度下水稻生长性状的变化规律。结果表 明，水稻在空心莲子草的竞争干扰下，穗长、有效穗数、千粒重及产量均随其密度的增加而逐渐降低。指 -0.003x数模型拟合空心莲子草与水稻穗长(y=18.145e，P<0.001)的关系较好，二次曲线拟合其与水稻有效穗 2数(y=0.001x-0.105x+11.683，P<0.001)的关系较好，而拟合其与水稻千粒重(y=-0.154lnx+20.261， P<0.001)、产量(y=-582.764lnx+6282.120，P<0.001)及产量损失(y=9.435lnx-1.689，P<0.001)间的关系 均以对数模型为佳。稻田使用20%氯氟吡氧乙酸乳油进行化学除草时，空心莲子草的经济危害允许水平为 21.40%，经济阈值为1.39株/m。表6参13 关键词:空心莲子草;水稻;经济危害允许水平;经济阈值 Abstract: Additive series experiment and curve fits were adopted to study the change of rice yield characters under different densities of Alternanthera philoxeroides. The results showed that with the interference of Alternanthera philoxeroides, the spike length, spike number, 1 000-grain weight and grain yield of paddy rice decreased gradually as the weed density increased. The exponential regression model was relatively better for fitting the -0.003xrelationship between Alternanthera philoxeroides density and rice spike length (y=18.145e, P<0.001). For 2spike number, quadratic model (y=0.001x-0.105x+11.683, P<0.001) is better. But logarithmic model was the best for 1 000-grain weight (y=-0.154lnx+20.261, P<0.001), rice yield (y=-582.764lnx+6282.120, P<0.001) and yield loss (y=9.435lnx-1.689, P<0.001). When herbicide fluroxypyr-methyl 20% EC was used to control Alternanthera philoxeroides in paddy fields, the economic infestation level for Alternanthera philoxeroides was 1.40% and the 2economic threshold was 1.39 plant/m. Key words: Alternanthera philoxeroides; paddy rice; economic infestation level; economic threshold email: weedie@sina.com 常用土壤杀菌剂和肥料对绿色木霉菌T23的影响=Effects of regular soil fungicides and fertilizers on strain T23 of Trichoderma viride[刊，中]/高增贵(沈阳农业大学植物保护学院， 沈阳110161),赵 世波,庄敬华,高军,李天来//植物保护学报. —2008，35(1).—74,80 摘要:采用常规土壤微生物分离和真菌生物量测定等方法，检测6种常用土壤杀菌剂:多菌灵、甲基托布 津、福美双、代森锰锌、百菌清和五氯硝基苯;3种肥料:尿素、过磷酸钙和硫酸钾;以及8种营养元素: 铜、锌、铁、钼、钙、锰、镁和钾对绿色木霉菌菌株T23菌丝生长、产孢及其在土壤中定殖的影响。不同 杀菌剂、肥料和营养元素及其不同处理浓度处理对木霉菌株T23菌丝生长、产孢和定殖的影响差异显著， 多菌灵和甲基托布津、尿素、硫酸锌和硫酸镁具有明显的抑制作用，20 μg/mL多菌灵、甲基托布津原药 对菌株T23菌丝生长抑制率分别为100.0%和79.0%; 0.23%尿素处理土壤21天后对根际定殖抑制率为 35.6%;100mg/L硫酸锌和1000mg/L硫酸镁处理土壤21天后对木霉菌定殖的抑制率分别为31.1%和15.9%。 适量应用代森锰锌、硫酸钾及二钼酸铵、硫酸钙、磷酸二氢钾等有利于木霉菌根际定殖。图1表4参23 关键词:木霉菌;杀菌剂;肥料;定殖 Abstract: The effects of six fungicides, including carbendazism, thiophanate-methyl, thiram, mancozeb, chlorothalonil and quintozene, three fertilizers, including carbamide (CO(NH)), calcium superphosphate 22 (Ca(HPO)?HO), potassium sulfate (KSO), eight micronutrient elements, including copper, zinc, iron, 242224 molybdenum, calcium, manganese, magnesium, and potassium, on mycelium growth and sporulation of strain T23 of Trichoderma viride, and on its colonization in rhizosphere of sweet melon were investigated by means of conventional technics of soil microbial isolation, biomass determination of fungi, etc. The results suggested that significant difference of effects of six fungicides, three fertilizers, eight micronutrient elements, and their treated concentrations existed on mycelium growth, sporulation, rhizosphere colonization of strain T23 of Trichoderma viride, respectively. Carbendazism and thiophanate-methyl, carbamide, zinc sulfate and magnesium sulfate exhibited a stronger inhibition to strain T23. At concentration of 20 μg/mL, two fungicides, carbendazism, thiophanate-methyl, inhibited mycelium growth of strain T23 on PDA plates by 100.0% and 79.0% respectively. At 21 days after adding, carbamide at 0.23% inhibited the rhizosphere colonization of strain T23 by 35.6%. The inhibition rate of 100 mg/L zinc sulfate and 1 000 mg/L magnesium sulfate on colonization of strain T23 in soil was 31.1% and 15.9%, respectively. Rhizosphere colonization of strain T23 were stimulated by adding some amounts of ammonium, calcium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate to medium or applying mycozob and potassium sulfate to soil. Key words: Trichoderma; fungicide; fertilizer; colonization email: gaozenggui@sina.com 河南农田杂草植物区系特征及生态分布=Floristic characteristics and ecological distribution of farmland weeds in Henan Province[刊，中]/董东平(许昌学院城市与环境学院，河南 许昌461000), 李 青雨//植物保护学报. —2008，35(1).—81,87 摘要:通过野外调查和资料分析，对河南不同类型农田杂草区系及生态分布特点进行研究。结果表明:河 南有农田杂草701种，隶属于343属、83科;属的分布区可划分为15个类型和14个变型，其中温带成分 占除世界分布属以外的65.30%(下同), 热带成分占33.58%，反映出北亚热带与南暖温带过渡的性质;种的 区系成分复杂，可归为15种分布类型，以泛热带分布、北温带分布、旧世界温带分布、东亚分布和中国特 有分布占优势;杂草的生态分布具有广泛性、南北交错、南北分布差异等特点，其对农田的危害表现出麦 田、秋田、水田、果园、荒地等时空生态位的多重变化。根据杂草时空生态分布特点，在农业生产中应加 强秋田和果园杂草的防治力度。图1表3参16 关键词:农田杂草;植物区系;生态分布;河南 Abstract: Its various physical environments and long geologic history made it abundant in weed species with complex floristic elements in Henan Province. For further effective control of farmland weeds, improve the production of crop yields, the investigation was conducted by field survey and date analysis. The results demonstrated that there are 701 species of farmland weeds, belonging to 343 genera and 83 families in Henan. The arealtypes of the genera and the species are abundant. Based on their geographical distribution, 343 genera are classified into 15 arealtypes, most belonging to the temperate distribution pattern plant (65.30%), others belonging to tropical (33.58%), excluding the world genera. That the 701 species distributed in Henan can be divided into 15 areal types. These types, pantropic, North Temperate, Old World trop, East Asiaand endemic to Chinagain upper hand, and show the character of transition conspicuous. It is harmful to farmland that showed the complex changes of spatial niche to wheat field, autumn field, paddy field, orchard and wasteland. Based on the character of weed spatial distribution, it should be improved that the strength of prevention to weeds in autumn fields and orchards, applied to agricultural production. Key words: farmland weed; flora; ecological distribution; Henan email: dongdp@163.com 紫外辐射对植物病害影响的研究进展=The potential effects of UV-radiation on plant diseases[刊， 中]/冯源(云南农业大学植物保护学院，昆明650201),高召华,祖艳群,李元//植物保护学报. —2008，35 (1).—88,92 摘要:紫外(UV)辐射作用于“病菌-植物”病害系统影响植物病害的发生发展，主要包括两个方面:一是 UV辐射对植物病原菌孢子的萌发、芽管伸长、菌丝生长等光生物学效应，不同种属的菌种对UV辐射存在 不同的响应机制;二是寄主植物从形态、生理生化等方面对UV 作出响应，导致植物的抗病性发生变化。 研究证实，中、短波UV辐射可抑制病菌孢子萌发，减少病害的发病率;长波UV辐射对病菌孢子的萌发有 诱导作用，可提高病害发病率。根据UV辐射水平、病菌侵染程度及植物抗性品种等因素的影响，UV辐射 对不同植物病害系统也存在不同的作用机制。该文作者就近年来国内外有关辐射对植物病害影响的研究进 展进行综述。参46 关键词:UV辐射;植物病原菌;光生物学效应;寄主植物;植物病害 Abstract: The UV-radiation acting on“pathogen-plant”pathosystems effects the development of plant diseases, mainly includes the two aspects: the first one is the photobiological response of plant pathogens to UV-radiation on the spore germination, germ tube extension and hyphal development, different species of pathogens have different response mechanisms to UV-radiation; secondly, host plants can make responses to UV-radiation on modality, physiology and biochemistry, resulting in the changes of disease resistance. The researches confirm that medium and short wave of UV-radiation can control the spore germination, decrease the incidence of plant diseases; long wave of UV-radiation can induce the spore germination, increase the incidence of plant diseases. According to the factors of UV-radiation level, the degree of pathogen infection, and resistant varieties of plant, UV-radiation have different acting mechanisms to different pathosystems. The writer of this paper reviewed the influence of UV-radiation on plant diseases depending on the domestic and overseas researches in recent years. Key words: UV-radiation; plant pathogen; photobiological response; host plant; plant disease email: fengyuancoral@163.com 环丙醇类制剂对雄性布氏田鼠的不育作用=The sterility effect of halo propanediol derivative to the male Brandt’s voles [刊，中]/郑敏(中国农业大学,北京100094),郭永旺,嵇莉莉,施大钊//植物保护学 报. —2008，35(1).—93,94 图2参3 email: shidazhao@cau.edu.cn 一株拮抗放线菌菌株JFA-001的鉴定=Identification of the antagonistic actinomycete strain JFA-001 [刊，中]/代鹏(中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所，海南省热带农业有害生物检测监控重点实验 室,海南 儋州571737),徐雪莲,唐复润,黄贵修,黄俊生//植物保护学报. —2008，35(1).—95,96 参6