汉译英短文翻译

汉译英短文 翻译 阿房宫赋翻译下载德汉翻译pdf阿房宫赋翻译下载阿房宫赋翻译下载翻译理论.doc 1 近年来，中国城市化进人加速阶段，取得了极大的成就，同时也出现了种种错综复杂的问题。今天的城乡建设速度之快、规模之大、耗资之巨、涉及面之广、尺度之大等已远非生产力低下时期所能及，建筑已成为一种重大的经济活动。(102字) 难点注释: 1)城市化urbanization 2)加速阶段an accelerating phase 3)错综复杂的问题some complicated problems 4)远非?一所能及surpass 5)重大的经济活动a major economic pursuit 2 世界各地有3,600万人染上了艾滋病—这比整个澳大利亚的人口还多。目前，艾滋病是全球第4大死因，而在非洲则是头号罪魁。在非洲，艾滋病使工人丧失工作，使家庭丧失经济来源，使父母丧失孩子。在7个非洲国家中，巧岁至49岁的人口中艾滋病病毒感染者占到20,以上。(119字) 难点注释: 1)染上艾滋病suffer from AIDS 2)头号罪魁the chief culprit 3)使„„丧失deprive of 4)艾滋病病毒感染者people infected with HIV 3 当今中国，对传真机的使用已十分普及，并成为现代重要的通讯终端设备。据一项调查显示，2002年，中国市场对传真机的需求量约为200万台，国内产量仅满足了约30%的需求，进口机占据市场的主导地位。(89字) 难点注释: 1)传真机fax machines 2)通讯终端设备telecommunications terminal equipment 3)占主导地位dominate 4 2000年，美国数码相机的销量达到惊人的510万台，而1999年只有310万台。数码相机的流行其原因非常简单:成像质量好且花费少。此外，使用数码相机还能省去不少麻烦。你不用买胶卷，所有的照片都被存在可反复使用的存储卡上。一按快门，就可以马上在液晶显示屏上观察照片的效果。(124字) 难点注释: 1)数码相机digital camera 2)可反复使用的存储卡reusable memo叮cards 3)按快门press the shutter 4)液晶显示屏the LCD screen 5 由于历史、政治和经济上的原因，全世界讲英语、用英语的人为数最多。但是英语之所以能在全球流行，除了上述原因之外，也和英语自身的一些特性和特点不无相关。其中最重要的一点就是英语特别容易接受和适应—英语中的词汇吸收了全世界几乎所有主要语言的 材料 关于××同志的政审材料调查表环保先进个人材料国家普通话测试材料农民专业合作社注销四查四问剖析材料 。(113字) 难点注释: 1)流行popularity 2)自身特性和特点qualities and characteristics in itself 3)不无相关have to do with 4)容易接受和适应receptive and adaptable 5)吸收take into 6 多年来，家长和老师都曾得到过这样一种信息:尽量利用任何机会表扬孩子，对他们所干的任何事情都要说好—据说这样做有助于提高孩子的自尊。但是近年来许多教育家和儿童心理学家正在得出一种完全相反的结论，他们认为对孩子往往少一些赞扬为好。(113字) 难点注释: 1)得到信息get the message 2)尽量利用任何at almost any opportunity 3)自尊self-esteem 4)儿童心理学家child psychologist 5)得出完全相反的结论drawing a completely different conclusion 7 会议期间，有3个问题受到了特别重视，它们是:加强和巩固农业在国民经济中的地位和作用，提高农民收人;调整和改进产业结构，改进和加快区域性经济发展;努力工作，加快下岗工人就业和再就业步伐，改善社会保障制度。(100字) 难点注释: 1)受到特别重视be highlighted for special attention 2)加强和巩固consolidate and strengthen 3)调整和改进readjust and optimize 4)区域性经济regional economies 5)下岗工人laid-off workers 8 当今世界的竞争是人才的竞争。因此，党中央决定从海外我们的留学生中，从香港、澳门、台湾吸收和利用人才来加强我们在世界上的竞争能力。引进这些人才的重点是那些开放程度越来越大、竞争越来越激烈的部门，比如说银行、保险等行业，以及国有大型企业的管理层。(120字)难点注释: 1)人才talented professionals. 2)海外留学生overseas students 3)吸收和利用人才absorb and make use of 4)引进人才introduce talented people from outside 5)银行、保险业banking，insurance industry 6)国有大型企业large state-owned enterprise 9 我们中国是世界上最大的国家之一，它的领土和整个欧洲的面积差不多相等。在这个广大的领土之上，有广大的肥田沃地给我们以衣食之源;有纵横全国的大小山脉，生长了广大的森林，贮藏了丰富的矿产;有很多的江河湖泽，给我们以舟揖和灌溉之利;有很长的海岸线，给我们以交通海外各民族的方便。(136字) 难点注释: 1)广大的肥田沃地large areas of fertile land 2)给我们以衣食之源provide us with food and clothing 3)纵横全国的大小山脉mountain ranges across its len妙and breadth 4)广大的森林，丰富的矿产with extensive forests and rich mineral deposits 5)给我们以舟揖和灌溉之利provide us with water transport and irrigation 6)交通海外各民族的方便facilitate communication with nations beyond the seas 10 温哥华的辉煌是温哥华人的智慧和勤奋的结晶，其中包括多民族团体所作的贡献。加拿大地广人稀，国土面积比中国还大，人口却不足3000万。温哥华则是加拿大最大的多民族城市。现今的180万温哥华居民中，有一半不是本地出生的，而平均每4个居民中就有一个是亚洲人。(120字) 难点注释: 1)温哥华Vancouver 2)多民族团体multi-ethnic groups 3)智慧和勤奋的结晶a crystallization of the wisdom and diligence，此处可根据上下文进行转换调整:the prosperity is attributed to the wisdom and diligence of the people 4)地广人稀a vast，under-populated country 5)不是本地出生的not born locally 11 人体是由各种类型的细胞构成的，这些细胞多达50万亿，它们之间相互联系，相互依赖。如果丧失其中的某些细胞，比如说失去构成整条腿的细胞，将会严重影响其余所有肌体组织;而像心脏或肾脏之类的器官，哪怕相对较少的细胞受到严重损害，也可能会最终导致所有50万亿细胞的死亡。(128字) 难点注释: 1)万亿trillion 2)相互联系，相互依赖interrelated and interdependent 3)影响其余的所有肌体组织handic即all the rest of the organism 4)最终导致end by...，lead to... l2 不同的篇章、体裁在直译与意译的趋向程度上往往有所不同。一般来说，文献类和新闻报道的翻译多采用直译，因为翻译这类文献关键在于译文的准确性;而对诗歌散文、戏剧电影、小说传记等以情动人的作品，翻译时应多采用意译，以充分再现原文的意境情趣。(115字) 难点注释: 1)直译与意译literal translation and free translation 2)不同程度地to some extent 3)多采用be preferable to(something) 4)文献literatures，documents 5)关键在于the crux lies in 6)以情动人的作品emotional works 7)原文的意境情趣the right mood and flavor of the original works 13 从20世纪中叶到21世纪中叶的一百年间，中国人民的一切奋斗，则是为了实现祖国的富强、人民的富裕和民族的伟大复兴。这个历史伟业，我们党领导全国人民已经奋斗了五十 年，取得了巨大的进展，再经过五十年的奋斗，也必将胜利完成。(105字) 难点注释: 1)20世纪中叶the mid-20th century 2)奋斗endeavor 3)民族的伟大复兴the nation immensely rejuvenated 4)历史伟业historic cause 14 中国的体育运动经历了几千年的发展，但直到1949年中华人民共和国成立后才成为国家的事业。目前，一个全国范围的体育运动网已经建立起来，这方面的开支也被列人国家预算之中。在过去的五十年中，由于体育工作者和体育运动员的共同努力，我国的体育运动取得了可喜的成绩。(123字) 难点注释: 1)经历undergo 2)国家的事业an undertaking of the state 3)体育运动网network for physical culture 4)列人国家预算 include in the state budget 5)可喜的成绩gratifying achievement 15 展望新世纪初的国内外形势，未来五到十年，是我国经济和社会发展极为重要的时期。世界新科技革命迅猛发展，经济全球化趋势增强，许多周边国家正在加快发展。所有这些既对我们提出了严峻挑战，也为我们提供了迎头赶上、实现跨越式发展的历史性机遇。(127字) 难点注释: 1)极为重要的时期an extremely important period 2)全球化趋势the economic globalization trend 3)周边国家neighboring countries 4)严峻挑战severe challenge 5)跨越式发展development by leaps and bounds 16 森林给人提供木材，还能调节气候、保持水土、防风固沙、改善水质、防烟防尘、消毒杀菌、减少噪声、美化环境、维持及改善生态平衡。如果没有绿色植物不断制造氧气和吸收有害的气体，人类就无法生存。人们的健康与空气的优劣有关，而空气的优劣又与森林的多少有关。(122字) 难点注释: 1)调节气候regulate climate 2)保持水土conserve water and soil 3)防风固沙wall off wind，fix sands 4)消毒杀菌sterilize(purify)the air 5)生态平衡ecological balance 17 许多树木都能吸收空气中的有害物质和致癌物质。林区空气中的细菌数量只有无林区的百分之一，而百货商店内每立方米空气中则含有四百多万个细菌。绿化区可以使噪音减弱四分之一左右。森林上空和附近的空气的含水量比无林地区多百分之十至二十。(112字) 难点注释: 1)致癌物质cancer-causing substances 2)每立方米per cubic meter 3)含水量moisture content 18 到2020年，全世界癌症的发病率有可能增加50个百分点，每年可能将出现1500万新病例。世界健康组织全球癌症报告指出，如果不采取积极的预防措施，这样的趋势将无法避免。因为这是从已经形成的生活习惯—例如抽烟—滋生出来的。(101字) 难点注释: 1) 癌症的发病率cancer rate 2)世界健康组织The World Health Organization 3)无法避免inevitable 19 生物学家发现，每年有10万多只信天翁被渔船杀死。如果不采取紧急措施，几十年之后，大部分的信天翁种类都会灭绝。信天翁有极强的耐力和航海能力，能够绕地球飞行几圈而不着陆。它们一生的行程约有一千多万英里，相当于往返地球与月球之间50次。(112字) 难点注释: 1)信天翁albatross 2)紧急措施urgent action 3)灭绝extinguish，be wiped out 4)耐力endurance 20 据研究人员统计，接下来的几十年，欧洲人口将持续减少。目前欧盟国家的妇女平均生1.5个孩子，而为了保持人口替代率，每个妇女至少要生两个孩子。即便从现在开始妇女增加生育数量，人口减少的趋势仍将持续几十年，因为他们的下一代中愿意成为父母的人比这一代的要少。(122字) 难点注释: 1)持续减少continue to decline 2)替代率replacement rate 3)人口减少的趋势the tendency to population decline 答案 1 In recent years，urbanization in China has stepped into an accelerating phase. Amidst magnificent achievements，there have emerged some complicated problems. The crux is that the cities and the countryside are developing at such a rapid rate，on such a large scale，with such enormous capital，in such a vast extent that they have surpassed any historical period China has ever witnessed before. Virtually，building construction has today become a major economic pursuit in China. 2 Throughout the world 36 million people are suffering from AIDS，which is more than the whole population of Australia. At present，AIDS is the fourth leading cause of death in the whole world，and the chief culprit in Africa. In Africa，it deprives jobs of the workers，families of incomings and children of their parents. In seven African countries，more than 20 percent of the 15-to-49-year-old population is infected with HIV. 3 In today's China，fax machines have been widely used as a popular and important modern telecommunications terminal equipment. According to a study，in 2002，China needed about 2 million fax machines，but the country only satisfied about 30% of the demand with the market dominated by the imported ones. 4 Digital cameras sold an astonishing 5(1 million throughout the US in 2000，up from 3(1 million in 1999. These cameras are getting popular for a good and simple reason:they take better pictures for less money. Digital cameras have always offered convenience. You don't have to buy films because all your images are saved on reusable memory cards. Press the shutter and you can review your shot immediately on the LCD screen. 5 The English language is spoken or read by the largest number of people in the world for historical，political，and economic reasons. But it may also be true that the popularity of English language has much to do with some qualities and characteristics in itself. First and most important is its extraordinarily receptivity and adaptability-it has taken materials into its own vocabulary from almost all major languages in the world. 6 For years，parents and teachers got the message that children should be praised at almost any opportunity，that saying“good job”for everything they do，as they believe，helps raise their self-esteem. But many educators and child psychologists are drawing a completely different conclusion:less praise is often better for their children. 7 During the meeting，three aspects have been highlighted for special attention over next. They are:consolidate and strengthen the fundamental role of agriculture in the national economy and increase farmers' income;readjust and optimize the industrial structure for the promotion of coordinated development of regional economies;work hard to boost employment and the reemployment of laid-off workers，and improve the social security network( 8 In today's world，competition among states is mainly a competition among talented professionals. Therefore，it is a decision adopted by the CPC Central Committee to fully absorb and make use of the talented people among our overseas students and among the professionals in Hong Kong，Macao and Taiwan. This will help us strengthen our competitive edge. The departments that would introduce talented people from outside are those that are exposed to increasingly fierce competition and that are open wider to the outsider world，such as banking， insurance industry，large state-owned enterprises，etc. 9 China is one of the largest countries in the world，her territory being about the size of the whole of Europe. In the vast country of ours there are large areas of fertile land which provide us with food and clothing，mountain ranges across its length and breadth with extensive forests and rich mineral deposits，many rivers and lakes which provide us with water transport and irrigation， and a long coastline which facilitates communication with nations beyond the seas. 10 Vancouver's prosperity is attributed to the wisdom and diligence of the people living in Vancouver，including the contribution made by multi-ethnic groups. Canada is a vast， under-populated country with a land area larger than that of China and a population of less than 30 million and Vancouver is the largest multi-ethnic city in the country. Among its 1(8 million residents，half were not born locally and there is on an average one Asian out of four residents. 11 A man body is composed of 50 trillion cells of a variety of types，all interrelated and interdependent. Loss of some of those cells，such as those making up an entire leg，will seriously handicap all the rest of the organism，and serious damage to a relatively few cells in an organ， such as the heart or kidneys，may end by killing all 50 trillion. 12 Different discourses or styles tend to focus on different stresses so，to some extent，need different translating ways. Generally speaking，literal translation is preferable to free translation in translating literatures，for the crux of these literatures lies in accuracy. On the other hand，free translation is more suitable than literal translation in translating some emotional works such as poetry，prose，drama，film，novels，autobiography，etc(，so as to reproduce the right mood and flavor of the original works. 13 All endeavors by the Chinese people for the 100 years from the mid-20th to the mid-21st century are for the purpose of making our motherland strong，the people prosperous and the nation immensely rejuvenated. Our Party has led the entire Chinese people in carrying forward this historic cause for 50 years and made tremendous progress，and it will successfully attain the objective through hard work in the coming 50 years. 14 China's sports have undergone several thousand years of development. But they were not regarded as an undertaking of the state until 1949，when the People's Republic of China was founded. Now a nation-wide network for physical culture has been set up and expenditure on this field has been included in the state budget. With the concerted efforts of sports workers and athletes，gratifying achievements have been made in physical culture and sports in the past 50 years. 15 Looking ahead at the situation at home and abroad at the beginning of the 21st century，it can be said that the next five to ten years will be an extremely important period for China's economic and social development. The worldwide new scientific and technological revolution is progressing rapidly with great momentum. The economic globalization trend is gaining strength. Many neighboring countries are accelerating their development. All this serves as a severe challenge as well as a historic opportunity for us to strive to catch up and achieve development by leaps and bounds. 16 Apart from providing people with timber，forests help regulate climate，conserve water and soil，wall off wind，fix sands，improve water quality，keep away smoke and dust，sterilize(purify) the air，reduce noise，beautify surroundings，maintain and improve ecological balance. Man would not be able to exist without green plants producing oxygen and absorbing harmful gases all the time. Man's health is closely related to the quality of the air，which in turn is decided by the size (extent)of forests. 17 Many kinds of trees can absorb poisonous and cancer-causing substances in the air. The amount of bacteria in a forest area makes up but 1,of that in a deforested area，while the air in a department store contains more than 4 million bacteria per cubic meter. A tree-covered area may reduce noise by a quarter. Moisture content in the air above or around a forest is 10%-20% more than that of the places devoid of forest. 18 Cancer rates worldwide could increase by 50 percent by 2020，reaching 15 million new cases a year. The World Health Organization's World Cancer Report says that if no preventive measures are taken increases of this order are inevitable because they stem from habits-such as smoking-that are already established. 19 Biologists have discovered that fishing fleets are eliminating more than 100, 000 albatrosses every year. In a couple of decades most species will be wiped out unless urgent action is taken. Albatrosses are capable of astonishing feats of endurance and navigation，and can fly round the world several times without stopping on land. During their lives，they fly more than 10 million miles，the equivalent of 50 return trips to the moon. 20 According to researchers' estimate，Europe's population will continue to decline for decades. At present 1 (5 babies are born for every European Union woman，when two births are required for the population“replacement rate”to be maintained. Even if women started to have more children again，the tendency to population decline would continue for decades，as there will be fewer parents in the next generation than in this one.