2012年我国企业电子商务发展情况

2012年我国企业电子商务发展情况电子商务在转变经济发展方式，推动经济转型升级、促进流通现代化中发挥着重要作用。为客观反映我国电子商务发展状况，对30.8万家企业的电子商务情况进行了调查。调查结果显示:目前我国电子商务呈快速发展态势，交易金额不断扩大，电子商务与各行各业深度融合，但电子商务在地区间、行业间发展不平衡，有电子商务活动的企业不到一成，未来我国电子商务发展空间巨大。一、我国企业电子商务交易额同比增长17.6%，但参与电子商务交易活动的企业不到一成2012年，调查的30.8万家企业电子商务交易额为28825.2亿元，比上年增长17.6%(按可比口径，下同)。其中:电子商务销售额为34656.1亿元，同比增长20.1%;电子商务采购额为22994.3亿元，同比增长14.1%。电子商务销售额中，销售给企业(B2B)29886.1亿元，销售给个人(B2C)4538.7亿元，分别占电子商务销售额的86.2%和13.1%。调查的30.8万家企业中，有电子商务交易活动的企业仅为22573家，占调查企业总数的7.3%。其中，既有电子商务销售又有电子商务采购的企业9577家，占42.4%;只有电子商务销售的企业5331家，只有电子商务采购的企业7665家。调查显示，我国电子商务交易快速发展，但开展电子商务交易活动的企业在调查企业中所占比重尚不到一成，电子商务在我国有广阔的发展前景和提升空间。表1企业电子商务交易情况占有电子商务活企业数金额指标动(个)(亿元)企业的比重(%)电子商务交易2257310028825.2其中:既有电子商务采购又有957742.422500.7电子商务销售交易仅有电子商务采购766534.05363.9仅有电子商务销售533123.67285.2其中:电子商务采购1724276.422994.3电子商务销售1490866.034656.1其中:销售给企业(B2B)1277056.629886.1销售给个人877238.94538.7(B2C)belimitedtonomorethan2daysofwork,materialdepositedinspecialinsulatedcontainers,materialhandlingtogentlyandmakeuseofthermalinsulationmaterialinwindproof,waterproof,moisture-proofmeasure.6.2thermaldesignoptimizationforhigh-temperaturespecialthermalinsulationforpipingsupportandhangerdesign,reducedheatdissipationofthehangers,ensurethatthewalldoesnotoverheat.Small-diameterpiping,thermalinstrumentlayoutandpositioningofsupportandhangerdesigntakefullyintoaccounttheexpansionspaceandinsulationthickness.Large-diameterpipesafterheatpreservationplasteringconstructionofvalves,turbine,checkingsmoothsurface,hightemperaturepowderpaintfullydryafter.Protectivecoveringsforelectricequipmentinsulationboardsdesignedwithpressureplate,whenorderingaccordingtotheinstallationdiagram,modelspecificationspublishingorder,ensurewheninstallingcornersneat,uniformappearance,reducetheamountofon-sitemachining.Beforevalves,flangeinsulationshellconstruction,besuretomakeaunifiedmodel,allvalves,flanges,insulationcoverunified,tidyandbeautiful.Whenfourpartssuchaspipes,boilerinsulation,mustdofirstarticleinspection,proofofdesignandconstructionmethods,technologycanmeetthetechnologicalrequirements,beforeextensiveconstruction.Boilersteelbeams,dooropeningboxesdesignedwithinsulationgaskets,flangecannotbeoblique,evenfastened.Backintotheslopeofthetubingduringinstallationpayattentiontothepiping,oilstationisalowpoint.Refuelingmustbecontrolledwhencastingmaterialparts,selectlowthermalconductivitymaterialsasfaraspossible,ensurethatthesepartsdonotoverheat.6.3qualitydefectsofinsulationtechnologymanagementoptimizationofconstructionprocessanddevelopareasonableduration,regionaltransferofstrictly二、企业电子商务在地区间发展不平衡，东部规模大、发展快分地区看，2012年我国企业电子商务发展不平衡，东南沿海及经济发达地区电子商务规模较大，发展速度快，而中、西部地区则刚刚起步。据调查，企业电子商务最活跃的是广东省，电子商务交易额为4921.7亿元，其次是江苏3410.4亿元;排在第三位的是北京3375.4亿元;排在第四至第六位的分别是山东2569.6亿元、上海2223.8亿元、浙江2102.2亿元，这六个省、市的电子商务交易额占全国电子商务交易额一半以上，达64.5%。分东、中、西部地区看，有电子商务活动的企业分别为15118家、4496家和2959家，分别占全国的67.0%、19.9%和13.1%;电子商务交易额分别为21341.6亿元、4653.7亿元和2829.9亿元，分别占全国的74.0%、16.1%和9.8%，比上年分别增长19.5%、9.9%和17.6%。图1东、中、西部地区电子商务交易情况三、电子商务广泛渗透国民经济各行各业调查显示，电子商务交易活动已经广泛渗透到国民经济的各个行业，在调查涉及的16个行业门类、76个行业大类中，75个行业大类都有电子商务交易活动。(一)电子商务在行业间发展不平衡分行业大类看，2012年电子商务交易规模最大的是计算机、通信和其他电子设备制造业，为5081.7亿元;其次是批发业，为4918.6亿元;汽车制造业排第三，为2929.8亿元;第四是烟草制品业，为2861.0亿元;排在第五位的是黑色金属冶炼和压延加工业，为1572.4亿元。belimitedtonomorethan2daysofwork,materialdepositedinspecialinsulatedcontainers,materialhandlingtogentlyandmakeuseofthermalinsulationmaterialinwindproof,waterproof,moisture-proofmeasure.6.2thermaldesignoptimizationforhigh-temperaturespecialthermalinsulationforpipingsupportandhangerdesign,reducedheatdissipationofthehangers,ensurethatthewalldoesnotoverheat.Small-diameterpiping,thermalinstrumentlayoutandpositioningofsupportandhangerdesigntakefullyintoaccounttheexpansionspaceandinsulationthickness.Large-diameterpipesafterheatpreservationplasteringconstructionofvalves,turbine,checkingsmoothsurface,hightemperaturepowderpaintfullydryafter.Protectivecoveringsforelectricequipmentinsulationboardsdesignedwithpressureplate,whenorderingaccordingtotheinstallationdiagram,modelspecificationspublishingorder,ensurewheninstallingcornersneat,uniformappearance,reducetheamountofon-sitemachining.Beforevalves,flangeinsulationshellconstruction,besuretomakeaunifiedmodel,allvalves,flanges,insulationcoverunified,tidyandbeautiful.Whenfourpartssuchaspipes,boilerinsulation,mustdofirstarticleinspection,proofofdesignandconstructionmethods,technologycanmeetthetechnologicalrequirements,beforeextensiveconstruction.Boilersteelbeams,dooropeningboxesdesignedwithinsulationgaskets,flangecannotbeoblique,evenfastened.Backintotheslopeofthetubingduringinstallationpayattentiontothepiping,oilstationisalowpoint.Refuelingmustbecontrolledwhencastingmaterialparts,selectlowthermalconductivitymaterialsasfaraspossible,ensurethatthesepartsdonotoverheat.6.3qualitydefectsofinsulationtechnologymanagementoptimizationofconstructionprocessanddevelopareasonableduration,regionaltransferofstrictly表2企业电子商务交易额前10大行业(按电子商务交易额由高到低排序)全年电子商务电子商务电子商务排序行业大类交易额销售额采购额(亿元)(亿元)(亿元)总计28825.2034656.1422994.25计算机、通信和其他电子设15081.715639.274524.15备制造业2批发业4918.566030.933806.193汽车制造业2929.853945.891913.814烟草制品业2860.984690.381031.58黑色金属冶炼和压延加工51572.452229.20915.70业6电气机械和器材制造业1219.381181.011257.757电力、热力生产和供应业1014.90193.941835.87有色金属冶炼和压延加工8931.481080.72782.24业化学原料和化学制品制造9890.23947.81832.64业10零售业757.21863.08651.33(二)电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业电子商务交易额增长最快分行业看，2012年电子商务交易额增速最高的是电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业，比上年增长73.9%;其次是批发和零售业，增长34.3%;住宿和餐饮业增长32.4%。图2分行业电子商务交易金额增长情况belimitedtonomorethan2daysofwork,materialdepositedinspecialinsulatedcontainers,materialhandlingtogentlyandmakeuseofthermalinsulationmaterialinwindproof,waterproof,moisture-proofmeasure.6.2thermaldesignoptimizationforhigh-temperaturespecialthermalinsulationforpipingsupportandhangerdesign,reducedheatdissipationofthehangers,ensurethatthewalldoesnotoverheat.Small-diameterpiping,thermalinstrumentlayoutandpositioningofsupportandhangerdesigntakefullyintoaccounttheexpansionspaceandinsulationthickness.Large-diameterpipesafterheatpreservationplasteringconstructionofvalves,turbine,checkingsmoothsurface,hightemperaturepowderpaintfullydryafter.Protectivecoveringsforelectricequipmentinsulationboardsdesignedwithpressureplate,whenorderingaccordingtotheinstallationdiagram,modelspecificationspublishingorder,ensurewheninstallingcornersneat,uniformappearance,reducetheamountofon-sitemachining.Beforevalves,flangeinsulationshellconstruction,besuretomakeaunifiedmodel,allvalves,flanges,insulationcoverunified,tidyandbeautiful.Whenfourpartssuchaspipes,boilerinsulation,mustdofirstarticleinspection,proofofdesignandconstructionmethods,technologycanmeetthetechnologicalrequirements,beforeextensiveconstruction.Boilersteelbeams,dooropeningboxesdesignedwithinsulationgaskets,flangecannotbeoblique,evenfastened.Backintotheslopeofthetubingduringinstallationpayattentiontothepiping,oilstationisalowpoint.Refuelingmustbecontrolledwhencastingmaterialparts,selectlowthermalconductivitymaterialsasfaraspossible,ensurethatthesepartsdonotoverheat.6.3qualitydefectsofinsulationtechnologymanagementoptimizationofconstructionprocessanddevelopareasonableduration,regionaltransferofstrictly(三)电子商务改变了企业营销模式调查显示，电子商务改变了企业的经营模式，降低了企业交易费用和经营成本。从2012年电子商务销售额占营业收入的比重看，批发和零售业占比最高，为37.2%;其次是教育，为27.8%;交通运输、仓储和邮政业，为27.5%;制造业，为24.5%。图3分行业电子商务销售额占营业收入的比重电子商务拓展了企业的销售渠道。企业通过网络了解市场信息，利用电子商务交易平台直接将产品提供给消费者，大大减少了产品销售的中间环节。调查显示，企业销售给个人(B2C)的金额为4538.7亿元，其中，制造业销售给个人(B2C)的金额为1873.4亿元，表明制造业在改变传统的销售方式，通过电子商务交易平台直接把产品销售给了个人用户。批发和零售业B2C金额为1769.0亿元，其中批发业以1040.6亿元的B2C销售额超过了零售业的728.3亿元。四、企业电子商务交易活动集中度较高分企业看，2012年，电子商务交易额最大的前100家企业中，制造业有69家，批发和零售业有27家，服务业有4家。在电子商务交易额最大的前100家中，没有建筑业、住宿和餐饮业和房地产开发经营企业。这100家企业的电子商务交易额高达18322.4亿元，占全部电子商务交易额的63.6%。分行业看，制造业中电子商务交易额最大的企业是富泰华工业(深圳)有限公司，它也是全国电子商务交易额最大的企业，电子商务交易额为1746.31亿元;其次是国家电网公司，电子商务交易额为843.6亿元;第三是中兴通讯股份有限公司，电子商务交易额为763.3亿元。批发和零售业中电子商务交易额排前三位belimitedtonomorethan2daysofwork,materialdepositedinspecialinsulatedcontainers,materialhandlingtogentlyandmakeuseofthermalinsulationmaterialinwindproof,waterproof,moisture-proofmeasure.6.2thermaldesignoptimizationforhigh-temperaturespecialthermalinsulationforpipingsupportandhangerdesign,reducedheatdissipationofthehangers,ensurethatthewalldoesnotoverheat.Small-diameterpiping,thermalinstrumentlayoutandpositioningofsupportandhangerdesigntakefullyintoaccounttheexpansionspaceandinsulationthickness.Large-diameterpipesafterheatpreservationplasteringconstructionofvalves,turbine,checkingsmoothsurface,hightemperaturepowderpaintfullydryafter.Protectivecoveringsforelectricequipmentinsulationboardsdesignedwithpressureplate,whenorderingaccordingtotheinstallationdiagram,modelspecificationspublishingorder,ensurewheninstallingcornersneat,uniformappearance,reducetheamountofon-sitemachining.Beforevalves,flangeinsulationshellconstruction,besuretomakeaunifiedmodel,allvalves,flanges,insulationcoverunified,tidyandbeautiful.Whenfourpartssuchaspipes,boilerinsulation,mustdofirstarticleinspection,proofofdesignandconstructionmethods,technologycanmeetthetechnologicalrequirements,beforeextensiveconstruction.Boilersteelbeams,dooropeningboxesdesignedwithinsulationgaskets,flangecannotbeoblique,evenfastened.Backintotheslopeofthetubingduringinstallationpayattentiontothepiping,oilstationisalowpoint.Refuelingmustbecontrolledwhencastingmaterialparts,selectlowthermalconductivitymaterialsasfaraspossible,ensurethatthesepartsdonotoverheat.6.3qualitydefectsofinsulationtechnologymanagementoptimizationofconstructionprocessanddevelopareasonableduration,regionaltransferofstrictly的企业分别是宝马(中国)汽车贸易有限公司，电子商务交易额为752.2亿元;上海医药分销控股有限公司，电子商务交易额123.4亿元;北京京东世纪信息技术有限公司，电子商务交易额为112.7亿元。服务业中电子商务交易额排前三位的企业分别是中国南方航空股份有限公司、浙江天猫技术有限公司和淘宝(中国)软件有限公司，电子商务交易额分别为213.0亿元、58.8亿元和58.1亿元。五、外商投资企业电子商务应用水平最高从登记注册类型看，2012年内资企业、港澳台投资企业和外商投资企业中有电子商务交易活动的企业分别为18653家、1964家和1956家，分别占各类调查企业的6.7%、13.1%和12.7%;电子商务销售额占营业收入比重分别为20.4%、33.2%和42.2%，外商投资企业最高。从不同登记注册类型企业电子商务交易额增长速度看，外商投资企业为26.4%，内资企业和港澳台商投资企业分别为16.3%、5.5%。外商投资企业的电子商务交易活动参与度和电子商务应用水平明显高于内资企业和港澳台投资企业。表3按登记注册类型分企业电子商务交易活动情况占有电电子商有电子电子商电子商商务调查商务占调查务务销售营交易金企业交易活企业比交易金销售额业额数动的重额(亿收入比同比增(个)企业数(%)(亿元)重长(个)元)(%)(%)3077434656.28825.总计225737.324.517.66122773822317.18858.内资企业186536.720.416.3386港、澳、台商投资14971196413.13874.433.22972.45.5企业外商投资企业15392195612.78463.942.26994.126.4belimitedtonomorethan2daysofwork,materialdepositedinspecialinsulatedcontainers,materialhandlingtogentlyandmakeuseofthermalinsulationmaterialinwindproof,waterproof,moisture-proofmeasure.6.2thermaldesignoptimizationforhigh-temperaturespecialthermalinsulationforpipingsupportandhangerdesign,reducedheatdissipationofthehangers,ensurethatthewalldoesnotoverheat.Small-diameterpiping,thermalinstrumentlayoutandpositioningofsupportandhangerdesigntakefullyintoaccounttheexpansionspaceandinsulationthickness.Large-diameterpipesafterheatpreservationplasteringconstructionofvalves,turbine,checkingsmoothsurface,hightemperaturepowderpaintfullydryafter.Protectivecoveringsforelectricequipmentinsulationboardsdesignedwithpressureplate,whenorderingaccordingtotheinstallationdiagram,modelspecificationspublishingorder,ensurewheninstallingcornersneat,uniformappearance,reducetheamountofon-sitemachining.Beforevalves,flangeinsulationshellconstruction,besuretomakeaunifiedmodel,allvalves,flanges,insulationcoverunified,tidyandbeautiful.Whenfourpartssuchaspipes,boilerinsulation,mustdofirstarticleinspection,proofofdesignandconstructionmethods,technologycanmeetthetechnologicalrequirements,beforeextensiveconstruction.Boilersteelbeams,dooropeningboxesdesignedwithinsulationgaskets,flangecannotbeoblique,evenfastened.Backintotheslopeofthetubingduringinstallationpayattentiontothepiping,oilstationisalowpoint.Refuelingmustbecontrolledwhencastingmaterialparts,selectlowthermalconductivitymaterialsasfaraspossible,ensurethatthesepartsdonotoverheat.6.3qualitydefectsofinsulationtechnologymanagementoptimizationofconstructionprocessanddevelopareasonableduration,regionaltransferofstrictly