专升本英语考点汇总

专升本英语考试题型 试卷题型及分值分布表 序号 考试项目 题号 考试 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 题型 分值 I 听力理解 1—15 对话、实用会话、短文 选择、填空 15分 II 词汇和结构 16—30 词汇、语法结构 选择、填空 15分 III 阅读理解 31—50 理解语篇，包括一般性和应用性文字材料 选择、填空、匹配 40分 IV 翻译 51—56 句子和段落 句子翻译、段落翻译 15分 V 写作 57 简历表、申请书、邀请信、通知等写作 书写、套写、填写 15分 非英语专业考生只完成Ⅰ-Ⅴ部分，合计100分，按120分折算计入总分             语法考点复习 时态与语态 一般现在时： 考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时，如： I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，从句用一般现在时代替代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有： until/when/before/as soon as /the moment/if/unless I will not attend the conference if it rains tomorrow. He won’t know the truth unless you tell him. 现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或者影响仍然存在。有标志性的时间状语； He has opened the door. I have bought a computer. 考点一：for +时间段；since+时间，主句用现在完成时 They have lived in Beijing for five years. They have lived in Beijing since 1995. 考点二： 常见的不确定的时间状语： Lately, recently, already, yet, so far，up till now Has it stopped raining yet? 考点三： 表示”第几次做某事“或者”it is （最高级）the best (worst, most interesting)，主句用一般现在时，从句用现在完成时。 This is the first time that I have visited China. This is the most interesting film that I have seen. 过去完成时 表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即发生在过去的过去。 There had been 25 parks in the city up till 2000. 考点一：用于hardly/scarcely/barely/rarely…when; no sooner… than 句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时 I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me . I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow. 考点二： 表示第几次做某事/最高级，主句用过去式，从句用过去完成时。 That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather . 考点三： 用于by +过去时间段 She had learnt 3 different languages by the end of 2009. 将来完成时（will have done） 表将来某时刻之前已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。 考点一： by +将来时间段 By next Friday, I will have got ready for the exam. 一般过去时 表过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响。 考点一：used to do 过去常常做某事 He used to smoke a lot. 进行时态 考点一： 表示某个具体时间点在干什么，常常有具体的时间词，如at 10 o’clock, at that moment等。 He was doing homework at 9 o’clock yesterday evening.  考点二： 趋向性动词常用现在进行时表将来，如：go, come, leave, start等 I am coming. (马上来了) He is leaving Chongqing on Friday. (他星期五离开重庆) He is leaving for Chongqing on Friday. （他星期五要来重庆） 感官动词考点： 表示感知的动词：hear, feel, notice, recognize, taste ,smell ,look ,sound ,taste, appear，感官动词做系动词时 翻译成  …起来 He is looking at the sun. (实意动词) He looks younger than his junior brother.(系动词) 考点一： 做系动词时不能用于被动语态 e.g. The music sounds beautiful. The silk feels soft. 考点二：做系动词时不能用于进行时态 考点三：做系动词时后面接形容词，不接副词 Sounds good. The cake tastes good. 语法专项练习 一．时态与语态 1. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests ______ when he ______at the party. A. had left, arrived        B. left, had arrived C. had left, had arrived    D. left, arrived 2. Mary ______ letter at nine yesterday evening. A. typed    B. was typing  C. has typed  D. is typing 3.The work ______ by the time you get here. A. will have been done    B. is done C. had been done    D. would have done 4.It ______ for a week and the streets were flooded. A. has rained    B. was rained C. had been raining    D. should have rained 5. Sorry, but we cannot go to San Diego. Our cousins ____ to see us next Sunday. A. come      B. are coming      C. have come      D. came 6. She _______ a number of books by the end of last year. A. had written    B. has written  C. have written  D. had been written 7. I ________here since I came to Beijing. A. had lived    B. have lived  C. is living  D. will live 8. By the end of next year, the building_________. A. will completed    B. will have been completed C. has completed      D. is completing 9. He ________ smoke a lot, now he is a non-smoker. A. used to  B. is used to  C. was used to  D. used by  10. Hardly ________ the room when it ______ to rain. A. had entered, was raining    B. entered, had rained C. had entered, rained        D. entered, was raining 二：非谓语． 动词 1.谓语动词 2. 非谓语动词 谓语动词 1.行为动词/实意动词：eat, sleep. clean. Stay（可以单独做谓语，用副词修饰） 2.联系动词：be, get, become (不能单独做谓语，其后成分称为表语) 3.情态动词：can, could, will (不能单独做谓语，后接动词原型) 4.助动词：do/have的各种形式，帮助完成时态与语气的动词，不能单独做谓语。 Have been here/I do like you. 非谓语动词: 1.不定式：to do （除了不能做谓语，其他成分都能做） 2.分词：现在分词：Ving（表主动与进行），过去分词：(表被动与状态) 3.动名词：Ving ※英语一句话只能有一个主谓结构 如果出现更多动词： l 加连词（and / but / so…） l 放入从句 l 变为非谓语动词 1)Grace finished her dinner at Wulong      2)attended the local dancing party. 一．加入连词 Grace had finished  dinner at Wulong, and she attended the local dancing party later. 二．放入从句 The moment /when Grace had finished  dinner at Wulong, she attended the local dancing party later. 三. 变为非谓语动词 Grace finished her dinner quickly to attend the local dancing party. 不定式考点： 1. It is+ adj+ for sb to do sth/ It is + adj+ of sb to do sth e.g. It is difficult for him to finish the task. It is very kind of you to say so. 2. It takes sb some time to do sth  花费某人多少时间做某事 It takes me three days to repair the machine. 3. so+ adj/adv+as to ….如此，以至于 e.g. The house is so high as to resemble a tower. 4. only to  竟然(表出乎意料的转折) He studied hard only to fail the exam. 5.but(except) 后带不带to ? 若句子的谓语动词是“do”的各种形式，则不带to Last night, I did nothing but watch TV. 若句子的谓语动词不是“do”的各种形式，则带to The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking. 6. 一听：listen to, hear 二看：watch, see, look at 三使：let, make, have 四注意：notice 五感觉：feel 以上动词接动词原形，但若用语被动语态，则应接带to的不定式。 I made him do his work. He was made to do his work. 动名词考点： 1. It is no good/use/point/a great fun +ving:做某事无好处/用处/意义/乐趣做某事 It is no good helping him. It is a great fun getting to know your guys. 2. There is no +doing sth 不可能做某事 There  is  not  denying  that  successful  business  lies  in  a  healthy  body  and  mind. There is no telling what he is going to do? 3. have difficulty(trouble, fun, a good time)+(in) doing sth 做某事难（麻烦，好玩） 4. go + doing 户外活动 Go fishing, go swimming, go shopping 4. be busy (in) doing sth 忙于做某事 5. spend/ waste time (in) doing sth/on sth 6. can’t help doing sth 忍不住做某事 I am sorry, I can’t help overhearing… 7. be worth doing sth 值得做某事（主动表被动） The book is worth reading. 8. Li Ming is said ______abroad. Do you know what country A.to have studied      B. to study C. to be studying      D. to have been studying 分词考点： 分词做状语： 1） 主从句主语一致 2） 省略从句连词与主语 3） 从句分词形式取决于与主语的关系，主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词 (从)When the students saw the teacher entering classroom, （主）the students stood up. Seeing the teacher entering classroom, the students stood up. 独立主格： 独立主格结构有三种类型： 1. 逻辑主语+非谓语动词（不定式、现在分词、过去分词） 2. 逻辑主语+(being)+表语(名词、形容词、副词、介词短语) 3. with/without + 复合宾语 （不定式, 分词、形容词、副词、 介词短语） 非谓语练习 .1.____ anything about the accident, he went to work as usual. A. Not known    B. Knowing not    C. Known not    D. Not knowing 2. _______ more attention, the trees could have grown better.  A. Given    B. To give    C. Giving    D. Having given 3. ____ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.  A. Being founded    B. It was founded    C. Founded    D. Founding 4.  _____ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.  A. Being encouraged    B. Encouraging    C. Encouraged  D. Having encouraged 5. _____ the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into the international stars.  A. Giving    B. Having given    C. To give        D. Given  6. _____ in the queue for half an hour，the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.      A. Waiting  B. To wait  C. Having waited  D. To have waited  7.Tom kept quiet about the accident_____ lose his job. A. so not as to    B. so as not to    C. so as to not    D. not so as to 8. ______ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm.  A. To sleep    B. Sleeping    C. Sleep      D. Having slept 9. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there __  for a space flight.    A. training    B. being trained    C. to have trained    D. to be trained  10. The old professor said to us every part of the materials should be made use of ______ the power station.      A. to build      B. building    C. build      D. built 11.  All of them try to use the power of the workstation _____ information in a more effective way.    A. presenting    B. presented    C. being presented    D. to present  12.______ no bus, we had to walk home.    A. There was    B. There being    C. Because there being D. There were 13. ____, I'll go there with you tomorrow afternoon.    A. Time permits  B. If time permitting  C. Time permitting  D. Time's permitting 14._____, we all went home happily.    A. Goodbye was said      B. Goodbye had been said C. Goodbye said        D. When goodbye said  15. _____, we all went swimming in high spirits.  A. It being fine weather    B. It fine weather    C. It was fine weather      D. It being a fine weather  情态动词考点： l Can, could l May, might l Must/have to l Need l Dare l Will/would l Shall/should/ought to 考点一： Must的否定回答 在回答must引起的问句时，如果是否定的答复，可用don’t have to或needn’t(不必) ，但不能用mustn’t(一定不，必须不，不允许，不得) 。如： —Must I clean the dining room at once? 我必须马上打扫餐厅吗？ —Yes, you must. 是的，你必须马上打扫。 —No, you don’t have to (=needn’t) . 不必啦。 You mustn’t smoke in the office. 你不得在办公室抽烟。 考点二：must表肯定猜测： Must表示推测时，只能用于肯定句中 must do            对一般时的肯定推测 must be doing      对现在的动作进行肯定推测 must have done    对过去发生的事情作出的肯定判断 They have bought a new car. They must have a lot of money. He must be reading novels now. The road is wet. It must have rained last night. 考点三：can’t/could’t表否定推测 考点四：need doing sth=need to be done The flowers need watering.=The flowers need to be watered. The house needs painting.=The house needs to be painted. 延伸：want, request doing sth=want/request to be done 考点五：need/dare既可做实意动词，也可做情态动词。实意动词用在肯定句中（need/dare to do sth），情态动词用在否定和疑问句中(need/dare do sth )。 Dare you walk through the forest at night? You needn’t return the book now. He needs to go there himself. 三．情态动词 1.--- She looks very happy. She ______ have passed the exam. —I guess so. It’s not difficult after all.    A. should      B. could      C. must       D. might 2. You ______ be hungry already , you had lunch only two hours ago!    A. wouldn’t      B. can’t    C. mustn’t    D. needn’t 3.—I’m sorry. I _________at you the other day. —Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.        A. shouldn’t shout        B. shouldn’t have shouted C. mustn’t shout          D. mustn’t have shouted 4. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I  don’t think we ______ it without you.      A. can manage        B. could have managed  C. could manage      D. can have managed 5. —There were already fi ve people in the car but they  managed to take me as well.  —It ________ a comfortable journey. A. can’t be            B. shouldn’t be  C. mustn’t have been    D. couldn’t have been 6. The boss has given everyone a special holiday, so  we —go to work tomorrow.      A. can’t      B. mustn’t      C. needn’t    D. shouldn’t 7. Since the road is wet this morning, ______ last night. A. it must have rained      B. it must rain    C. it must be raining        D. it must have been rained 8. As teachers we should concern ourselves with what is said, not what we think ______. A. ought to be said          B. must say      C. have to be said          D. need to say 9.You ______ all those calculations. We have a computer to do that sort of thing. A. must not have done    B. should not have    C. can not have done      D. needn’t have done 10.With all this work on hand, he ______ to the cinema last night. A. mustn’t go    B. wouldn’t go        C. oughtn’t go      D. shouldn’t have gone 11.“I saw Mary in the library yesterday.”    “You _______her, she is still in hospital.” A. mustn’t have seen         B. could not see    C. can’t have seen             D. must not see  虚拟语气 一． If 型 二． Should+动词原形 三． 类似if 型 一．If 型（主从句在现有时态基础上向前退一个时态） 1. ※if 条件句的虚拟   条件从句 主句 与现在事实相反 If+主语+were If+主语+Ved 主语+Should/would/could+动词原形 与过去事实相反 If+主语+had done 主语+Should/would/could+ have done sth 与将来事实相反 If+主语+ved If+主语+should If+主语+were to 主语+ Should/would/could+动词原形       If it rains tomorrow, it will be fine. Be to do sth If John were here now ,he would explain it. If you had asked me earlier, I would have told you. If it rained/should rain/ were to rain tomorrow, . I would stay at home ※ If 条件句中有were, had, could, should等，可省略if, 将were, had, could, should提到句首，变为倒装。 hadyou  asked me earlier, I would have told you. Had you asked me earlier, I would have told you. If John were here now ,he would explain it. Were John here now ,he would explain it. 二．Should+动词原形 1. . 其后的宾语从句及以其同根名词(suggestion ,advice, proposal, requiremen)引导的主语，表语，同位语从句中用(should)+动词原形。 He suggested that we (should) go home earlier. His suggestion was that we (should) go home earlier.※区分suggest +(that )+主语+(should) do+sth Suggest doing sth He suggested going out for a walk. He suggested that I should go out for a walk. ※insist / suggest 各有两种意思，要用不同的语气 Insist 表示“坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式 Insist 表示“坚持认为，坚持说”时，用陈述语气，表示事实。 Suggest 表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式。 Suggest 表示“表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。 e.g. Your pale face suggests that you are ill. I insisted that you were wrong. I insisted he should return____(return)  the book. 2. It is important (necessary, strange,) that .... 类似用法的词有：necessary，strange，natural，desired， a pity,　 a shame,　 no wonder … e.g. It’s necessary that we should have a walk 三．类似if 型 1. Wish/as if/as though/ if only/would rather that … e.g. I wish I were 30 years younger. He treated the little girl as if she  had been he own daughter. I would rather you had gone there last Sunday. If only I had seen the film yesterday! 2. e.g.  It’s high time that you went. It’s high time that you should go. 3. 介词短语引导的虚拟语气 e.g. If you had not helped us,we wouldn’t have made .... But for your help, we                                    ___________(make) such rapid progress. Without air, there __would be________ (be) no living things. Thanks to the brave young man, otherwise, the boy ______________(die).would have died 四．虚拟语气 1. If only he ____quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. A. lies    B. lay    C. had lain   D. should lie 2. How I wish every family ____a large house with a beautiful garden. A. has    B. had    C. will have  D. had had 3. You did not let me drive. If we ____in turn, you ____ so tired. A. drove; didn’t get              B. drove; wouldn’t get C. were driving; wouldn’t get  D. had driven ; wouldn’t have got 4. _____it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge A. Were    B. Should     C. Would    D. Will 5. I suggested the person referred to______ put into prison A. was    B. be    C. will be  D. would be 6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it____ A. breaks  B. has broken  C. were broken D. had been broken 7. I insisted _____to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing ___ wrong with him A. on him to go; should be B. he went; be C. he go; was D. he should to; is 8. ---Your aunt invites you to the movies today ---I would rather she ____ me tomorrow than today A. tells  B. told  C. would tell  D. had told 9. ---Would you have called her up ? ---Yes, but I ____busy doing my homework A. was B. were C. had been D. would be 10. I was ill that day, otherwise I ____ the sports meet A. would have taken part in    B. took part in  C. had taken part in          D. would take part in 11. ___the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily A. Had it not been for        B. If it were not C. If it had not been for      D. Were it not for 12. If my lawyer ____here last Sunday, he ____ me from going A. had been, would have prevented   B. had been, would prevent C. were, prevent                     D. were, would have prevented 13. ____hard, he would have passed the exam A. If he were to work    B. Had he worked  C. Should he work    D. Were he to work 14. If it ____for the snow, we____ the mountain yesterday A. were not, could have climb   B. were not, could climb C. had not been, could have climbed     D. hadn’t been, could climb 15. Without electricity, human life ____quite difficult today A. is  B. will be C. would have been   D. would be 从句常见考点： （定从，状从，名从（主语从句、宾语从句，表语从句）） 定语从句考点： （一） 用关系代词还是关系副词  关系代词  who 人   主、宾、表 whom 人   宾  which 物   主、宾、表  that 人和物   主、宾、表 as 物     主、宾 关系形容词    Whose= of whom/of which 人和物的 定语 Whose与of which /whom的区别 of which/whom 时应在名词前加上定冠词 the或其他限定词，也就是说如果名词前有限定词就只能用 of which/whom 。如果名词前没有限定词，就用 whose。 关系副词    When=at/in/on/during…which   Where=at/in/to…which    Why=for which    注意：关系词所做的成分关键是由从句中的动词来决定  2012.22 This is the place where we work.(vi). This is the place. We work in the place. This is the place which we visited.(vt)  （二） 关系代词和关系副词的特殊情况 1．指物时只用 that，不用which 的情况：  1) 当先行词为 all, much, little, few, none, something, anything, everything, nothing 等不定代词时。  2)先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级或the last, the only ,the very等表强调的词等修饰。  3).在疑问词 who, what, which 开头的句子中。（避免歧意）   Who is the girl that is talking with Mr.Brown？ 4). 当先行词既指人又指物时。   We are talking about the people and countries that  we have visited.  2. 只能用 which 不能用 that 的情况。   1). 引导非限定性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子。   e.g. Bruce went towards the fire, which was still  smoking.     Tom came back late, which made his parents very  angry.  2).在介词后面:介词+which (先行词是物) The world in which we live is made of matter.  注意:若介词在从句中而没有直接在关系词后,可以用which 或that. 例如:  The world that we live in is made of matter.  （三）非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，一般用引导词which/as/who,非限制性定语从句既可以修饰主句的部分内容，也可修饰主句的全部内容。 状语从句考点： （一）条件状语从句  引导条件状语从句的从属连词有if ,unless ，as/so long as, considering that，supposing that, provided that（假如，在…的条件下）,  on condition that（只要，在…的条件下） 等等。 （二）时间状语从句 属连词：when，as，while，before，after，since，till/until，as soon as，once，……等。 用于It  +  be +时间段 + before  ：在……之后才……  e.g.  It   willl   be   five  years  before   I   come    back  .  常于情态动词 can / could 连用 ： 还没来得及……就…… e.g.  Before  I   could   say   a   word   ,  she   had    rushed   out   of    the   room  名词短语（连词功能）：next time, every time, the moment, the minute等。  E.g. Every minute I see her, it reminds me of my moher. （三）让步状语从句  引导让步状语从句的连词有：though/although（尽管），even if/even though（即使），no matter how(what，when，which，who，where)，however(whatever，whenever，whichever，whoever，wherever)（无论??），as（尽管），while（虽然，尽管）等。 As 表尽管放在句首时，将从句中的宾语或表语提前，如果有冠词，省略冠词。 Young as he is, he has a lot of experience. Child as he is, he has a lot of experience. （四）结果状语从句  结果状语从句的连词有：so that，so…that?，such…that?.结果状语放在主句之后。常见句型结构有：  (1) so + 形容词/副词+ that从句；  (2) such a/an + 形容词+可数名词单数+that从句;  （五）目的状语从句  目的状语从句连词有：in case“以免，以防万一” ，in order that“为了??，以便??”。so that引导状语从句只能置于主句之后。in order that引导状语从句可放主句之前或之后。 （六）地点状语从句  地点状语从句由where，anywhere, wherever引导。where指“在某个地方”，wherever指“无论哪里，在任何一个地方”。 （七）原因状语从句  引导原因状语从句的连词有：because，as，since，when(既然),now that（既然），seeing that(因为), considering that，in that（在于，因为）等 名词性从句考点（主语，表语，宾语） 1，that 何时可以省略  1) that 在宾语从句大多数情况可以省略  (1)We regret (that) you did not find our prouct satisfactory.  (2)We told the driver（ that） we were in a hurry.  2）在主语，表语，同位语从句中一般不能省略。 (1) That you want to be independent is only natural.  (2)The advantage of DVD is that it gives you much better picture quality.  (3)We should make people face the fact that a lot of people die from smoking every year.   2，if和whether 的区别：  1）在宾语从句中，if 和whether一般都可以使用.    在宾语从句中， 只能使用whether的情况： (1) 介词之后           Your success or failure depends on whether you work hard. (2) 紧跟or not 时       She asked me whether or not he would come.   (3)接不定式            Can you tell me whether to go or to stay ?   (4) 主语从句，表语从句， 同位语从句只能用whether.  Whether I will come depends on a number of things. The question is wether he will come to help.  练习：  2.____has passed the test will get a prize . A. Whoever    B. No matter who   C. Whomever  D. Who 5. ___ moved us most was___ he looked after the old man for more than twenty years. A. That; that   B. What; that   C What; what   D. That; what 8. If you know___ it was that write A Tale of Two Cities, raise your hand. A. whom   B. which    C. who   D. that 11. Criticism and self-criticism is necessary_____ it helps us to find and correct mistakes. A. by that  B. at that  C. on that  D. in that 10. That tree, __________ branches are almost bare, is very old.  A. whose  B. of which  C. in which  D. on which  3. Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago?  A. that               B. where  C. which             D. the one  9. I’ll tell you __________ he told me last week.  A. all which   B. that  C. all that   D. which  11. I have bought the same dress __________ she is wearing.  A. as   B. that   C. which   D. what  No matter who 只能引导状语从句 Whoever    既能引导状语从句，又能引导名词性从句 Whoever has passed the test will get a prize . No matter who has passed the test, he will get a prize. 强调与倒装 强调的两种方式： 1. 强调句型：It is(was)…that(who) 2. 用助动词do, does或did来强调谓语动词。 强调句型的变形 1. 一般疑问句的强调：Is/Was it +被强调部分+that/who+其他部分 e.g. Was it on a lonely island_____ he was saved one month after the boat went down?          A. where      B. that        C. which    D. what 2. 特殊疑问句的强调：被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)+is/was +it +that/who+其他部分。 e.g. —______ that he managed to get the information? — Oh, a friend of his helped him.                A. Which was it  B. What was it    C. How was it      D. Why was it 3. not until... 强调句型：It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其他部分 e.g. It was not until I came here _____I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.  A. who  B. that    C. where  D. before I  didn’t realize this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather until I came here. 倒装: 部分倒装考点： (1) 否定词never、 seldom、 hardly、 scarcely、 barely、 rarely、 little、 not、 nowhere(无处，任何地方都不)、 by no means、 under no condition / circumstance、 at no time（绝不）、 neither、 nor，not only, not until 等放在句首时,句子常倒装。 e.g. Not only_____ interested in football but also____ beginning to show an interest in it.  A. the teacher himself is; all his students are    B. the teacher himself is; are all his students  C. is the teacher himself; are all his students    D. is the teacher himself; all his students are ※Not only… but also 句型中，not only 后部分倒装，but also 后不倒装。 eg.Not until I began to work ____ how much time I had wasted. A. didn't I realize          B. did I realize  C. I didn't realize          D. I realized (2) Only + 状语或状语从句 + 其它 例如:  Only in this way can we learn English well.  比较: Only Mother can understand me    (3) no sooner … than …、 hardly … when …、 scarcely … when …、、 so … that …、 such … that …，not only…but also…句型中,主句倒装,从句不倒装,但要注意:neither … nor … 连接的句子前后两个分句都要倒装。  e.gNot only is she smart but also she is beautiful.  Such great progress did he make that he was praised.    So heavy is the box that I can’t carry it.    Neither has he a pencil, nor has he a pen.  (4) 虚拟语气中用倒装代替if。例如:  Had I time ( = If I had time), I would go and help you.    Were I you( = If I were you), I would go abroad.  Should he come ( = If he should come), tell him to ring me up. (5) as 作为“尽管”时放句首，需将as后的名词，动词，形容词，副词提前。注意，名词提前时要省略冠词。 Young as he is, he knows a lot. Child as he is ,he knows a lot. Object as you may, I will go. 完全倒装 （1） there引出的完全倒装句： 除了最常见的there be句型以外，there还可以接appear, exist, lie, remain, seem to be, stand等，一般都译成"有"的含义，构成完全倒装句。  例如：There appeared to be a man in black in the distance.（远处有个穿黑色衣服的人。）  (2) in,out,down,up,over,away,off,back,below  等副词作状语置于句首时，谓语常用动词有 come,go,rush,等不及物动词 练习： 1._____by long and hard practice can you hope to become a good pianist.  A. Only    B. Unless  C. If doing    D. While  2.By no means ______ your three-year-old son alone at home.    A. you do leave        B. should you leave C. do you leave        D. you should leave 3. Hardly ______his speech when he saw the audience rise as one.    A had he finished    B did he finish      C be finished      D he had finished  4. ______that this region was so rich in natural resources.    A. Little he knew        B. Little he did know C. Little did he know    D. Little he had  known  5.Only after the storm was over ______.    A. could we start off      B. we could start off    C. had we started off      D. we had started off  6. I visited Jiuzhaigou last autumn. Never  ______so beautiful a place like that in my life.    A I had seen        B did I see      C .have I seen    D I shall see 7. It was the music hall ______we  met each other for the first time.  A when          B where          C which        D that 8. It was not until midnight ______ the noise of the street stopped. A. that                        B. this C. since                      D. at which 10. I ________ want to tell you the truth last night, but I lacked courage. A. do    B. did  C. does  D. have done 11. When was it ____ you met him in the library? A. where  B. that  C. in which  D. which 12. “I missed the train last night” “so_____” A. have I    B. I have  C. did I  D. I did 13. There was a loud crash as the door broke, and in _____ the police. A. did come    B. came  C. have come  D. they came 主谓一致（见ppt） 1. Nobody but Jane ____ the secret. A. knows    B. know  C. have known  D. is known  2. Three- fourths of the surface of the earth ______ sea. A. is        B. are    C. were          D. has been 3. All but one _____ here just now.  A. is      B. was    C. has been        D. were 4. His Selected Poems ______ first published in 1965. A. were    B. was    C. has been    D. is 5. When and where to build the factory ______ yet. A. is not decided      B. are not decided  C. has not been decided    D. have not decided 6. A fork and knife _____ on the table. A. is    B. are    C. has been    D. have been 7. Either Tom or I ______ to blame. A. to be    B. am    C. are      D. is 8. There _______ a cup and two glasses on the table. A. is  B. are  C. was  D. were 9. My clothes _____ made to order. A. is    B. are    C. has    D. have  Clothes    衣服，具体,复数名词 e.g. I changed my clothes. Clothing    衣服，抽象，单数 Our clothing protected us from cold. Cloth  布，单数 10. The old _____ taken good care of in our country. A. is    B. has    C. are    D. have  11. Twenty dollars ______ enough for the coat. A. is    B. are  C. has      D. have 12 . Five minus three _____ two. A. is    B. are    C. was    D. were 13.The number of people invited ______ fifty, but a number of them ____ absent for different reasons. A. were , was  B. was , was    C. was , were    D. were. 14. Not only I but also Jane and Mary ____ tired of having one examination after another. A. is      B. are    C. am        D. be      15. A library with five thousand books _______ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered  B. have offered  C. are offered    D. has offered    反义疑问句考点： 原则：1.前肯后否，前否后肯 2.前名后代 3.时态一致 l 1.反义疑问句的陈述部分为I am……时，问句部分习惯上用aren’t I? l     I’m a very clever girl,aren’t I? l 2.陈述部分为there（here）be结构时，问句部分用助/系动词+there/here？形式。 l   Here is a story about mark twain，isn’t here？ l 3.陈述句中含有un-，im-，in-，dis-，等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时，陈述部分要被 l     视为肯定意义，问句部分用否定形式。 l     He is unhappy , isn’t he？ l 4. let me习惯上用shall I?或者will you？ l     Let us习惯上用will you？ l     Let's习惯上用shall we？ l 5.陈述部分为上述以外的祈使句时， l   问句部分一般用will you表示请求；用won’t you?表示委婉的请求或邀请。 l   陈述部分为否定祈使句时，问句部分用will you？ l   Read the text,will you? l   Open the door,won’t you?(语气更委婉一些） l 6.若陈述句部分含有never , few , little , hardly ,no ,seldom ,nobody ,nothing …否定词、 l   半否定词时，附加疑问句用肯定形式。 He can hardly understand it , can he？ 词形变换考点汇总 1．the 后两种考虑 1）+名词 2）形容词比较级，最高级 The (serve)______here is better than that in other restaurant. The is the (happy)_______ time I have ever had. 2.动词考点 1） 时态：过去，正在进行，完成时 2） 语态：主动，被动  注意主动表被动；有些词不能用被动 3） 虚拟语气 4） 分词做状语 1. 一个单词被逗号隔开，变为副词 （Act）_________, I have no idea about what has happened. （General）_______ speaking, all the staffs should come to the meeting. 2. 含有than的句子，用比较级；含有one of的句子，用最高级 阅读理解考点汇总： 仔细阅读： 1. 单词 2. 短语 3. 句型语法结构 4. 逻辑推理 5. 做题技巧 填空： 考察对信心的捕捉能力，基本不需要推理 连线题： 看中文寻找认识的英文，并运用正确答案里的单词继续寻找线索 作文考点汇总 信件格式 1） 日期的正确书写 1. 英语序数词1-19 中，第一，第二，第三是特殊形式，其余都是在基数词的后面加上“-th”。 2. 有几个序数词加“-th”时的拼法不规则，它们是：fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth。 3. 十位数整数的序数词的构成方法是：将整数基数词的词尾“-ty”中的“y”改写成“i”，然后加“-eth”。 4. 基数词“几十几”改成序数词的时候，只要把个位数改成序数词，十位数不变。如twenty-one 变成twenty-first。 5. 序数词的缩写形式，在阿拉伯数字的后面加上序数词的最后两个字母。如：1st, 2nd,3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, ...41st, 52nd, 63rd, 74th等。 2. 称呼 Dear Mr/Mis/Ms xxx, Dear Manager/Sir/Madam, To whom it may concern（致相关人士） 1. 落款 1) 注意大小写 2) 注意空格 3) 注意后跟职务信息时从小到大书写 海报，通知，启示格式 1） 标题Notices（通知），Lost（寻人、物启示），Found（招领启示），Removal（搬迁启示），Contributions Wanted（征稿通知），Corrections（更正启示），poster（海报）, An Academic Report（学术 报告 软件系统测试报告下载sgs报告如何下载关于路面塌陷情况报告535n,sgs报告怎么下载竣工报告下载 ） 4) 正文: 语言要求朴实，简介，文字篇幅不宜过长 5) 署名 6) 日期 Academic Report Subject：Contemporary British Literature Speaker：Professor Sue Hill from Liverpool University, Britain Time：9:00 a.m., Friday, October. 15, 2005 Place：Room203, Building No.1 Sensor： The Department of Foreign Language and Literature Student Union October 2, 2005 English Speech Contest Hosted by the Students Union of English Department, the 3rd English Speech Contest will be held in the Lecture Room of Administrative Building at 7:00 p.m., Tuesday, September 20 ，2005. All are welcome! The Students Union  English Department September 19 ，2005 便条和留言条 1. 日期:不用写年，可以具体到星期几，上下午甚至几点 2. 称呼: 称呼比较随便，如：John, Dear Ann, Liu Ying 等 3. 正文: 尽量通俗化，简单明了 4. 署名:比较随便 请病假leave of absence 请病假（Asking for Sick Leave） 要求续假（Asking for an Extension of Leave） 感谢条（Note of Thanks ） 电话（Telephone Message） 约会（Notes for Appointments） 辞别条（Notes for Saying Good-Bye） 求职信 Family Name: Wang      First Name: Li Address: 2nd Floor, 16 Xian St, Dalian Date of Birth: Dalian Sex: Female Marriage Married            Divorced                Single Educational Records: 1995-1998 Department of Business and Administration, Dalian Commercial Junior College. 1995-1999 Graduated from Dalian High School in July, 1994 1995-2000 Graduated rom Dalian No.9 Middle School in July, 1992 Employment History: Xingyi Exporting Company August 1998-present: 1120 Zhongshan Road, Dalian City. Secretary to sales manager Now I apply for a new job. The reason for leaving my present employer is that I am desirous of getting broader experience in trading. 1.纲形式出现，不必用完整的句子表达，可省略主语 2.动词用过去式 3.学历一般按逆时书写 邮件、备忘录格式 To: Mr.Lee ,leader of the supply section From：Li Hua Date：December 20,2005 Subject：BorrowingDVD Player Dear Sir , I’m the secretary of the Marketing Office and we are badly in need of a DVD player in order to have the programs for Christmas Party rehearsed. I hope you will issue one to us as soon as possible. With kind regards. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 1. 注意大小写 2. 主题用名词短语，实词首字母大写 Importance on Health 3. 有落款，因为落款的名字很可能与from的名字不一样