形容词和副词及其基本用法

副词及其基本用法 副词主要用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或其他结构。 一、副词的位置: 1)在动词之前。 2)在be动词、助动词之后。 3)多个助动词时,副词一般放在第一个助动词后。 注意: a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾,但宾语过长,副词可以提前,以使句子平衡。We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us. b. 方式副词well,badly糟、坏,hard等只放在句尾。 He speaks English well. 二、副词的排列顺序: 1)时间,地点副词,小单位的在前,大单位在后。 2)方式副词,短的在前,长的在后,并用and或but等连词连接。 Please write slowly and carefully. 3)多个不同副词排列:程度+地点+方式+时间副词。 注意:副词very 可以修饰形容词,但不能修饰动词。 改错:(错) I very like English. (对) I like English very much. 注意:副词enough要放在形容词的后面,形容词enough放在名词前后都可。 I don't know him well enough. There is enough food for everyone to eat. There is food enough for everyone to eat. --------------------------------- 三、形容词(adj.) 表示人和事物的特征,对名词起修饰和描绘作用 四、副词(adv.) 表示动作特征或性状,主要修饰动词、形容词、副词及整个句子 (一)形容词的用法及位置 1.形容词在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等,作定语时一般放在名词前。 Eg. She has short hair.(作定语) Paul is tall.(作表语) We must keep our room clean.(作宾补) 2.形容词修饰不定代词时放在其后。 eg.She has something important to tell us./ There’s nothing wrong in the sentence. (二)副词的种类、用法及位置 1.副词的种类 (1)时间副词 ①表示大体时间:now,then,yesterday,today,tonight,before,justnow, recently,sO faf ②表示频率:always,usually,often,sometimes.seldom,never ③其它作用:already,yet,late,early,soon,at once,immediately,atfirst, at last,finally (2)地点副词 ①表地点:here,there,home,abroad,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere, everywhere,nowhere,somewhere ②表位置关系(后接宾语时,用作介词):above,below,round,around,down, up,in,out,inside,outside,across,back,along,over,away,near,off,past (3)方式副词表示谓语动词“怎样地”,(此类副词大部分由形容词加ly构成): badly,bravely,gratefully,calmly,carefully,carelessly,nervously,proudly, patiently,politely,sadly,properly,rapidly,wrongly,suddenly (4)程度副词多数用来修饰形容词或副词:much,(a)little,a bit,very,sO,too, enough,quite,rather,completely,terribly,deeply,nearly,almost,hardly (5)疑问副词构成特殊疑问句:how,when, where,why (6)连接副词连接主语、宾语或表语从句:how,when,where,why (7)关系副词引导定语从句:when,where,why (8)其它性质的副词对整个句子进行说明,一般用逗号与主句隔开:frankly(坦率地说,说真的),generally(一般说来),luckily(幸运地是),first of all(首先)等。 2.副词的用法及位置 (1)修饰动词作状语 ①多数位于动词之后,及物动词的宾语或介问的宾语之后。 eg.The farmers are working hard in the field. She speaks English well. The nurse looks after the babies carefully. ②频度副词放在动词前,情态动词和助动词之后。 eg.He always goes to school On foot. She was often late for school. I have never been to Beijing· (2)修饰形容词作状语,放在形容词前。 eg.He has a very nice watch. The box is too heavy. (3)修饰另一副词作状语,放在另一副词前。 eg.She paints quite well. You speak too fast.I can’t understand you. (4)作表语,放在系动词后。 eg.Is anybody in? (5)作宾语补足语,放在宾语之后。 eg.I saw him out just now. (6)作定语,放在名词之后。 eg.There is a man:here On vacation. (7)疑问副词、修饰整个句子的副词以及perhaps,first,sometimes,finally等 副词,一般放在句首。 eg.Finally,I finished the work. Perhaps he’s watching TV at home. (8)表示程度的副词一般放在被修饰词前,而enough则放在它所修饰的词后。eg. He is old enough to go to school. (三)形容词和副词的比较等级 1.比较级、最高级的构成 (1)单音节和少数双音节词 ①一般在词尾加er或est great--greater——greatest,young——younger——youngest, slow→slower→slowest ②以e结尾的只加r或st nice——nicer----nicest,large——larger—largest. ③以辅音字母加y结尾的,先变y为i,再加er或est heavy——heavier——heaviest,easy——easier——>easiest, busy——busier——busiest,funny——funnier——+funniest, early——earlier→earliest ④以重读闭音节结尾的词,先双写最末的一个辅音字母,再加er或est big——bigger——biggest,thin——thinner——>thinnest,fat—)fatter→fattest, ht—)fitter→fittest (2)多音节和部分双音节词,前加more为比较级,加(the)most为最高级careful→more careful——most careful useful——more useful——most useful popular→more popular→most popular carelessly——more carelessly——most carelessly (3)不规则变化的词 good/well→better→best bad/ill/badly→worse→worst many/much→more→most litt le→less→least old→older/elder→oldest(指年龄大小)/eldest(指长幼顺序) far→farther/further→farthest(指距离)/furthest(指程度) 2.形容词和副词比较级、最高级的用法 (1)形容词和副词比较级的用法 ①用于两者比较,表示“比…更…”: “A+系动词+形容词比较级+than+B, eg.I am two years older than my little sister. “A+谓语动词+副词比较级+than+B: eg. She gets to school earlier than the other students. ②用于两者之间的同级比较,表示“…和…一样”: