强调句型讲解与练习

强调句型讲解与练习 “It is/was…who/that…”强调句型是中学阶段所学的极其重要的句型之一，也是每年高考试题考查的重点和热点之一。在日常运用中，其使用频率也较高，因此，对此结构必须引起高度重视。概括起来，通常考查的有以下八个方面。 一、考查谓语动词的人称和数的一致性 在强调句型中，当强调主语时，其后的谓语动词应和被强调的主语在人称和数上保持一致。例如: ? It is Mary and Tom that often do good deeds. ? It is I that am leaving for Beijing next week ? It is this teacher who ___ leaving for London. It is you who ___ next. A. are; are B. is; are C. are;; is D. is; is 解析:经比较分析可知，此题为强调句型，强调的是句子的主语，因此句子的谓语应和主语在人称和数上保持一致。答案为 B。 二、考查who 和that 的选用 在强调句型中，若被强调的部分是指人的名词或代词，且在句中作主语或宾语时，用who/ whom或that皆可;若被强调的部分是句子的其它成分，则只能用that,而不能用when，where，why等。例如: ? It was we who/ that held a League meeting in the club yesterday.(强调主语we) ? It was him whom/ that I want to see.(强调宾语him) ? It is the ability to do the job that matters not where you come from or what you are.(NMET2000)(强调主语the ability) ? It was only when I reread his poems recently that I began to appreciate their beauty.(NMET1998)(强调时间状语从句only when I reread his poems recently) ? It was in the bookstore that I met your brother the other day.(强调地点状语in the bookstore) 三、考查“not until…”的倒装结构和强调结构的区别 大家都知道当not until 置于句首时，句子通常用倒装语序;但在“It is/was not until…that…”句型中，that后的句子结构不能倒装。例如: ? Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. (not until…状语从句位于句首，句子倒装) ? Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. ? It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcasts began.(NMET1995)(强调until引导的时间状语从句，句子不倒装) ? It was not until she took off her glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.(MET92) 四、考查强调结构与主语从句(“It is/was…that-clause”)的区别 强调结构与主语从句(“It is/was…that-clause”)十分相似，但在主语从句中It is/was 后通常用名词或形容词作 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 语，其中的“It is/was…that-clause”缺一不可。强调句型中It is/was后一定是对除谓语动词以外的任何一个句子成分(即主语、宾语或状语)进行强调，如果把强调句式“It is/was…that…”去掉，句子的语法结构仍然成立。例如: ? It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.(NMET1993)(it是形式主语，而真正的主语是that English is being accepted as an international language) ? It is true that he won the first prize.(真正的主语是that he won the first prize, it是形式主语) ? It was with the great difficulty that the boy gathered the strength to rise.(此句是强调句，强调句子的状语，如果去掉 “It was…that…”后句子仍然成立，即With great difficulty the boy gathered strength to rise.) ? It was in the street that I met him.(去掉“It was…that…”,句子则为:In the street, I met him.此句不论从语法结构还是句意都成立。) 五、考查强调结构与“It be…before…”、 “It be…since…”、 “It be…when…”等句型的区别 (1)掌握强调句型的关键在于把握强调句型的判断 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 ，即去掉强调句式结构(it is/ was…who/ that…)，经过语序相应调整后，原句语法结构和句意仍然正确。这也是强调句型与定语从句及其它句式的重要区别之一。例如: ? It was because he was ill that he did not come to see you.(去掉强调句型的句式结构“It was… that…”后，原句仍然成立。) (2)“It +be +some time +before…” 此句型关键在于:?主句为将来时态，before从句为一般现在时态;主句为一般过去时态，before从句通常也为一般过去时态。?主句肯定结构意义为“时间过多久从句中动作才发生”;否定结构意义为“不久，从句中动作就发生”。例如: ? It will be more than 100 years before the country begins once again to look as it did before.要过100多年后这个国家才能恢复到以前的样子。 ? It was not long before he worked out the problem.没过多久，他便解出了这道题。 (3)“It +be +some time +since…” 这个句型表示 “自……开始(结束)以来，已经过去多长时间”。该句型关键要掌握两点:?主句为“It is(has been)+时段”时，since从句通常用一般过去时;主句为“It was(had been)+时段”时，since从句一般为过去完成时。?当since从句中的谓语动词是延续性动词或表示状态的动词时，则从句所表示的时间是从那个动作或状态结束时算起，即表明这一动作或状态终止有多久了。例如: ?----What was the party like? ----Wonderful. It is years since I enjoyed myself so much.(MET1993)(“晚会怎么样,”“很精彩，我已有多年没有那么高兴过了。 ”) ? Three years has passed since I smoked.(我戒烟已经三年了。) ? It is four days since he was ill.(他已经康复四天了。) (4)“It +be+时间点+when…”掌握此句型的关键在于:“be”后面是个时间“点”，不是时间“段”，句型意义为“当……时，时间是……”例如: ? It was five o’clock in the afternoon when they climbed up to the top of the mountain.(他们爬上山顶时是下午五点钟。) th? It was 1919 when the May 4 Movement took place.(“五?四”运动爆发是1919年。) 六、考查强调结构与定语从句的区别 判断句子结构是否是强调句型可用还原法，即去掉“it is/ was…that…”,再将被强调部分放在句中相应的位置。不需要添加任何词语句子正确，即为强调句型结构。否则就是定语从句。例如: It was October when they finally came back to their hometown.(when引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词October.) It was in October that they finally came back to their hometown.(此句为强调结构，强调句子的时间状语in October,去掉It was …that …,句意和语法结构完全正确) It was the house where I met the young man.(此句中when引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词the house,在定语从句中作地点状语) It was in the house that I met the young man.(此句为强调结构，强调句中的地点状语in the house) 七、考查强调句型中的结构变化(以一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、名词性从句等形式考查) (1)以一般疑问句的形式考查 ? Was ____ that I saw last night at the concert? A. it you B. not you C. you D. that yourself 比较下句:It was you that I saw last night at the concert.我们可以看出该题干实际上是这个陈述句的一般疑问句形式。答案应为A。 (2)以特殊疑问句的形式考查 ? ___ is it ___ has made Peter ____ he is today? A. What; that; that B. That; that; what C. What; what; that D. What; that; what 本题结构复杂，请看解析:It is perseverance that has made Peter what he is today.对划线部分提问则可得到: What is it that has made Peter what he is today? 显然此题的答案应为D。 (3)以名词性从句的形式考查 ? I’ve already forgotten ____ you put the dictionary. A. that it was there B. where was it that C. that where it was D. where it was that 本题是经过变形的强调句型用作宾语从句的体现。为了更好的理解，我们可以理解为: 第一步:复原 It was on the desk that I put the dictionary. 第二步:对划线部分提问 Where was it that you put the dictionary? 第三步:变为陈述句，将其用作宾语从句，即为该题。经对比可知答案为D。 (4)与定语从句结合考查 ? It was in the lab ____ was taken charge of by Professor Harris ____ they did the experiment. A. which; that B. that; what C. whom; that D. which; where 解析:the lab后跟that或which引导的定语从句，而全句应为强调结构。所以答案为A。 八、考查对强调句型的熟练掌握程度和灵活运用能力。做题时要认真审题，避免思维定势的影响。 例:? ---- He was nearly killed by a car once. ---- Oh, when was that exactly? ---- It was in 2004 ____ he was riding a bike on the driving-way. A. that B. when C. where D. in which 解析:答案为B。如果仔细分析一下此句则可看出he was riding a bike on the driving-way应是定语从句，修 饰“2004”，表示“当时他正在机动车行道上骑车”，只有这样才能回答上文的提问“when”。如果要把强调句 加上则是“It was in 2004 when he was riding a bike on the driving-way that he was nearly killed by a car once.”。 例:? ---- Was it under the tree ___ you were away talking to a friend? ---- Sure. But when I get back there, the bike was gone. A. that B. where C. which D. while 解析:答案为D。做此题时很容易受思维定势的影响，再加之先入为主，这样就会错选A。如果冷静思考， 认真审题就可看出it是一个人称代词，而不是引导词it,指代the bike。整个句子的意思是“当你走开和朋友 谈话时自行车是不是在树下放着,”，故应选D。 跟踪练习: 1. Why! I have nothing to confess. ____ you want to say? A. What is it that B. What it is that C. How is it that D. How it is that 2. It is these poisonous products ___ can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles. A. who B. that C. how D. what 3. It is almost five years ___ we saw each other last time. A. before B. since C. after D. when 4. It was evening ___ we reached the little town of Winchester. A. that B. until C. since D. before 5. It wasn’t until nearly a month later ___ I received the manager’s reply. A. since B. when C. as D. that 6. It is what you do rather than what you say ____ matters. A. that B. what C. which D. this 7. ---- Did Jack come back early last night? ---- Yes. It was not yet eight o’clock ____ he arrived home. A. before B. when C. that D. until 8. It was some time ____ we realized the truth. A. when B. until C. since D. before 9. ____ he will leave for Beijing. A. It will not long before B. It is before long that C. It is before long D. It was before long that 10. ---- Who was ___ called this morning? ---- Mrs. Brown, our new neighbor. A. it that B. it whom C. she that D. she whom 11. ___ was in 1979 ___ I graduated from university. A. That; that B. It; that C. That; when D. It; when 12. It was ____ he said ____ disappointed me. A. what; that B. that; that C. what; what D. that; what 13. It was for this reason ____ her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village. A. which B. why C. that D. how 14. When I try to understand ___ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes. A. what it is B. what it does C. why it does D. why it is 15. It was late at night ___ the Red Army arrived in that small mountain village, ___ it was raining hard. A. when; that B. when; which C. that; when D. that which 16. I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesn’t matter ___ I’m talking to. A. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is whom 17. It was only when the rain stopped that ____ again. A. the match started B. had the match started C. did the match start D. the match had started 18. ---- ____ that he managed to get the information? ---- Oh, a friend of his helped him. A. Where was it B. What was it C. How was it D. Why was it 19. It was ____ back home after the experiment. A. not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didn’t go C. not until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didn’t go 20. It was only with the help of the local guide ____. A. was the mountain climber rescued B. that the mountain climber was rescued C. when the mountain climber was rescued D. then the mountain climber was rescued Keys: 1 , 5 ABBDD 6 ,10 ABDBA 11,15 BACAC 16,20 BACCB