怎样才能避免误把油门当刹车呢

怎样才能避免误把油门当刹车呢 怎样才能避免误把油门当刹车呢, 我在驾车时碰到危急情况～会不会犯这种错误呢,”常开车的朋友或许会有这样的担心。实际上～在应急驾驶中～不一定要靠踩刹车避险。 不久前～几位美国安全专家来到北京～为北京一些运输单位的代表介绍了几种应急驾驶的技巧～并传授了掌握这些技巧的方法。专家们介绍的技巧主要是“曲线行驶”、“连续转弯”、“避让障碍物”、“驶回路面”等动作～在完成这些动作的过程中一律不准提速、减速～也不准踩刹车。 曲线行驶可锻炼驾驶员转向技巧 “曲线行驶这个动作不是针对紧急情况而设计的～但是这项练习可以使驾驶员锻炼转向技巧。”主讲专家穆德威先生向驾驶员们解释:“这个练习实际上与在驾校中练习的绕八字相似～就是在路前方一次摆,个锥桶～你驾驶车子以每小时,,公里的速度从其中绕过。”驾驶员们要按照指示的速度驶入训练场地～并在整个过程中保持该速度～不踩刹车。每次成功完成后～逐步提高驶入速度～增加难度。 穆德威说～这个练习可以挑战车子的局限性。只要保持车子四个轮子与地面的附着力相同～车就是平的。如果踩了刹车～那车后轮的力就会被拿掉～车就很可能打转了。 连续转弯可让驾驶员更加敏感 连续转弯可以帮助驾驶员熟悉车辆在驶出匝道、长弯道等连续转弯情况下的操作特点。驾驶员能感觉到侧面压力和转向力量的相互抵消. 穆德威提示驾驶员:“如果车速过快～就会发生回形滑行。如果此时想通过踩刹车来重新控制车辆～车轮抱死的风险就大大增加～最终导致完全失控。” 这个项目的训练场地是用数个锥桶码出的半径为,,米的弯形车道。驾驶员必须在保持车速的同时～控制车辆方向～驶出弯道。“完成此动作时～驾驶员保持车辆在正确的车道内行驶。这个动作能让驾驶员对驶出匝道的危险和回形滑行问题更加敏感。” 避让障碍物不一定要急踩刹车 驾驶员一定有这样的体会～开车的时候经常会为前面突然出现的行人劳神。避让障碍物的练习就是告诉驾驶员～在处理突然冒出的障碍物时～不一定 - 1 - 要急踩刹车。 在避让障碍物的训练车道内～会有一排“障碍物”横在车子的前方～驾驶员必须保持每小时,,公里的速度不变～听从指导人员的转向命令～即临近障碍物时～不踩刹车～向左或向右～避开障碍物后在车道内行驶。 “也许在一些情况下～转向比踩刹车更有效～刹车总免不了车轮抱死～而后就失控了。”穆德威告诫驾驶员:“在转向比刹车更有效的情况下～驾驶员必须意识到避免踩刹车～充分利用车辆本身的可操作性。” 驶回路面时既不踩油门也不踩刹车 驶回路面的练习能帮助驾驶员完善从路肩驶回路面的正确技巧。练习中～车道被堵塞～驾驶员为避免撞车或撞路上的障碍物～被迫驶到路肩上。 “恢复的最佳办法仍然是老规则。与其尝试着驶回路面～不如集中精力控制方向～不踩油门～也不踩刹车～让车辆自行减速直到停下来。”穆德威说。 穆德威说～以上几种技巧只是教给驾驶员一种处理应急情况的措施～只要你对自己的能力和车子的性能有信心～并且多加练习～都能很好地掌握～至于是不是能有效地运用这些技巧～这是因人而异的。 另一方面～许多驾驶员会高估自己的能力和车辆的性能～因此常常会引发事故～或无法避免事故的发生。通常情况下～这是因为缺乏经验造成的。 雨天行驶注意什么? 1、见到积水处莫左闪右避。看到水就闪～或者马上踩刹车放慢速度～这是一般人的通病。实际上这两种方法都非常危险。左闪右避的坏处是～令后面的司机不知道该怎么反应～意外很容易发生。 其实水深大约15厘米左右～根本不会对汽车有任何影响～完全可以用正常的车速行驶～不需要担心水进入车内或者抛锚。要注意的是～当车子过完水后～制动系统可能会暂时减弱～刹车的时候距离要加长～因此雨天驾车最好保持更长的安全距离。 2、雨刮器最好一年一换。如果雨刮器的扫水能力严重下降～雨天驾车行驶时十分困难。在汽车低速行驶时～虽然影响较小～但在汽车高速行驶时～雨刮片很容易向上浮起～扫水能力更为下降。 - 2 - 特别是在夜雨中行车时～没有刮净的雨滴～在灯光下产生各种反射光～使前方视野极度模糊～往往会因此而引发交通事故。要恢复其能力～关键是要更换雨刮片上的橡胶条。使用时间过长～橡胶条大都老化～不能紧密地和玻璃贴合在一起～因此不能扫净玻璃上的雨滴。特别是在有污垢时～由于污垢夹在橡胶条和玻璃之间～将使雨刮器的性能进一步下降。一般而言～应每年更换一次橡胶条。 积水路 千万不可贸然通过积水路面～应该先测水深～旁车安全通过未必你也可以通过。一般而言～积水达轮胎一半高时切莫通行。化油器引擎在积水不深时～可以慢速通积水路段。如果引擎配臵喷射供油系统～则千万不可进水～以免进气机构于行进中将水吸进入汽缸中～而导致引擎故障。 怎样涉水行车 单车涉水 轿车涉水～应在发动机运转正常、转向和制动机构灵活可靠的情况下进行。轿车开到水边～若轮胎和制动鼓温度较高时～应稍休息一会～待其适当冷却后再下水。 涉水时～应挂低速档～使轿车从岸上平稳地驶入水中～以免水花溅起。在行驶中要保持发动机有足够的动力～避免中途停车、换档和急打方向。眼睛要看准固定目标～不可注视流水～以免扰乱视觉～使方向失误。 多车涉水 多车涉水时～不要同时下水～待前车到达彼岸～后车才下水～防止前车因故停车～迫使后车也停在水中。汽车在涉水中如车轮打滑空转～应立即停车～不勉强进退～更不可猛踏加速踏板～以防越陷越深。要保持发动机不熄火～并组织人力或其他车辆协助拖出。 轿车通过漫水路面或漫水桥时～一般情况下～以均匀速度、沿固定路线一气通过。 轿车涉水后～应驶离岸边～选择空阔地点停车～擦干电器的受潮部分～注意清除散热器及车身上的漂流物、轮胎间的嵌石以及底盘上的水草杂物等。 - 3 - 起动发动机～让发动机升到正常温度～烘干发动机的潮气和水珠。检查后～确认汽车技术状况完好～再低速行驶一段路程～并轻踏几次制动踏板～让制动蹄片与制动鼓发生摩擦～使附著的水分受热蒸发～待制动效能恢复后～再转入正常行驶。 驾车技巧,,教你几招 在特殊的路况之下往往有不同的应对驾驶方式。随时依路况做必要调整是确保安全的必要手段。 隧道中 请记住一定要开启大灯开车～不管隧道中的照明有多亮。这不只是让您能看清路面～同时也让后方来车能准确地辨别您的位臵。如果隧道路线并不是您所熟悉的～那么切记放慢速度～仔细看清地上的标线和反光标志～跟着前车的尾灯走～以免走到对向车道～发生危险。 雨天 在雨天视线会变得比较差～切莫靠前车太近。雨天行车应该与前车保持更长的间距～行车速度也要减低～因为轮胎在湿地的抓地力会变得比较差～因为刹车力会随之减弱且较容易锁死。胎压略为提高可以强化排水性。雨刷不要吝异使用高级品～因为高级品的寿命长而且也能更有效地刮除雨滴。 山路弯道 一般在山路中行驶～入弯之前要完成降挡和刹车减速,自排车也可以降低一档)两项动作～如此便可提高引擎转速使驾驶者较易控制车身。在入弯前先微转方向盘～最理想的状况是在弯道中能保持相同的方向盘角度～避免大幅度转动方向盘～否则极易失控。此外～在“回”方向盘时～千万不可放双手让方向盘自动回正～以免发生危险。 高速公路 于高速公路行车～必须与前车保持适当间距～以时速除以2～即可得安全的间距～例如目前的时速是100Km/h～安全间距是50米。如果前方突然发生事故～除了紧急刹车外～亦需随路况向两旁回避。下高速公路出交流道时必须减速～否则很可能失控～因为交流道的弯度都颇大。另外不要紧跟在大货车或大客车后方～因为它们后轮弹起的碎石可能打破您的挡风玻璃。 - 4 - 积水路 千万不可贸然通过积水路面～应该先测水深～旁车安全通过未必你也可以通过。一般而言～积水达轮胎一半高时切莫通行。化油器引擎在积水不深时～可以慢速通积水路段。如果引擎配臵喷射供油系统～则千万不可进水～以免进气机构于行进中将水吸进入汽缸中～而导致引擎故障。 浓雾路段安全驾驶注意事项 浓雾天气时的能见度比雨天更低～所以为了保证行驶安全～应该知道一些辟雾技巧。 首先必须保持足够的行驶距离。雾天～因视距短～能见度低～有时路面因雾水造成路面湿滑～制动性能降低～车辆易侧滑～因此必须保持足够的行驶距离。防雾灯或车尾雾天信号灯也应该开着以示目标～如雾天汽车不开防雾灯～行人或其他车辆很难察觉到你。另外～不能开远光灯～因为远光灯光线强烈～会被雾反射到驾驶员眼中使视线模糊。当然～交通规则也应该严格遵守～限速行驶～千万不可开快车。因为视线不清～开快车极容易发生交通事故。严禁超车和抢行～以免发生意外。雾越大～可视距离越短～你的车速就必须越低。为了安全起见～车与车之间应互相通个气～比如适时鸣笛～预先警告行人和车辆。当然～如果你听到别的车鸣笛时～你也应当鸣笛回应。这样～大家都做到心中有数。 如果发现后车与你离得太近～你可以轻点几下刹车～但不能真的刹车～只是让刹车灯亮起～来提醒后车应注意保持适当车距。砂石路段～虽然砂石路段比其他特殊路段容易行驶～但还是不能开太快～因为砂石会降低轮胎摩擦系数～造成抓地力不足～导致失控打滑。所以～放慢车速最保障～同时应尽量避免急加速、急减速、急回转与大转弯。此外～请注意和前车保持安全距离～以免被前车轮胎卷起的风砂模糊了视线～甚至被砂石击中。烂泥路段已经习惯了城市中良好的路况的人～一旦在行驶途中遭遇地面阻力大、附着力小的烂泥路往往就不知所措了。 其实～一般来讲应该保持较大的动力～以中低挡位匀速地一次通过。尤其应该避免中途换挡与停车。如果途中发生侧滑～切忌使用刹车～应立即降低车 - 5 - 速～打方向盘修正汽车行驶方向～待车辆中止侧滑后～再缓慢驶回正道。如果发生车轮空转打滑～可将车辆立即后倒～退出滑动地段后～另选新路线行驶。 雨天一般是视线模糊～会使你反应相对变慢～所以减速[比平时]行驶。另外地面有水～轮胎的地面俯着性变差～一方面该刹车时刹不住～另一方面弯道时车速过快会产生侧滑[俺就侧滑过]～严重车会翻出去:大雾天气行车也是常遇到的～看人家老司机的做法是找个和你大小相当的车跟着走～总有牛伯的司机愿意走在前面[危险最大]～小车跟小车～大车跟大车～大跟小跟不上～小跟大车要有大石头就惨了:雪地冰面地上行车～要慢:保持平时车距的一倍以上～有情况要刹车时～用高挡抢换低档的方法～千万别刹车:有ABS的还好点～否则要么追尾[俺就追过]～要么原地打转或側滑出去～挺危险的:山区走冰路一定要加防滑链了。 夜晚如何驾驶, 对于驾驶者来说～晚上因为光线问题～有一些盲区～会给驾驶带来一些困难。因此掌握在夜晚行驶的技巧很重要。下面让我们看一下在由宋立达编著～中央编译出版社出版的《汽车驾驶经验宝典》里是怎么说的。 汽车在夜间行驶途中～要适时察看仪表的工作情况。发动机和底盘有无异响或异常气味。 夜间行车～严格控制车速是确保安全的根本措施。保持中速行驶～注意增加跟车距离～准备随时停车。为避免危险发生～应尽量增加跟车距离～以防止前后车相碰事故的发生。 在城市里行车～要注意从左侧横过马路的行人。特别是我国城市道路上的路灯几乎都在道路两侧～道路中心线附近光线很暗～此情况下更应注意。 夜间行驶中～车速在30公里,小时以下时应使用近光灯～灯光照出30米以外。车速在30公里,小时以上时～应使用远光灯～灯光必须照出100米以外。 在有路灯的道路上行驶时～可使用防眩目灯或近光灯和示宽灯。 夜间通过交叉路口时～应在距路口50，100米处减速～并将远光灯变为近光灯～同时开启转向灯示意行进方向。 - 6 - 夜间行车一般不使用喇叭。通常采用远近光反复互换的方法～代替警告前方道路状况。夜间临时停车或因故停车时～应始终打开示宽灯、牌照灯。 夜间应尽量避免超车。必须超车时～应准确判明前方情况～确认条件成熟后～再跟进前车～连续变换远近灯光(必要时以喇叭配合)～预告前车避让～在判定前车确已让路允许超越时～方可超车。在超车中应适当加大车间距离。 夜间行车中～要注意道路障碍、道路施工指示信号灯等～在阴暗地段～路况不易辨清时～必须减速。遇险要地段～应停车查看～弄清情况后再行进。 夜间行车视线不良、路界不清～常使车辆偏离正常运动轨迹或遇到意外情况采取措施不及。驾驶者应降低行车速度～以增加观察、决策和作出反应的时间。 夜间倒车或掉头时～必须下车摸清进退地形、上下及四周的安全界限～然后再倒车或掉头～在进、倒中多留余地～在看不清目标的情况下～可用手电或其他灯光照。 新手上路“补课” 驾校学不到的10大技巧 当你拿到驾照～可曾想过～不少实用驾驶技术～师傅并没有教你～还有些技术师傅压根就教错了, 这不是师傅的错～因为他们的一些驾驶方式在10年前或许是对的～可现在汽车技术改进了许多～驾校里还都是老掉牙的“破桑”,师傅也不是故意把一些有用的技术藏在肚子里～“应试教育”为本嘛～师傅的首要任务是确保学员通过考试～不考的东西～教了又有什么“好处”, 如果你正是这样一名驾校新毕业生～不妨听听以下老法师的指点。 1、如何拐弯进窄门, 首先目测是否能够进得去～不要紧贴着门边的障碍物拐弯～尽量减小转弯的夹角。 2、上坡、上桥怎样防止旁车“插入”, 坚持“走自己的道”～不要理会别人。若在中间一根道～则保持车辆居中,若在里车道～则居中偏外～这样别的车辆就不容易插入。还要注意车距～一定要保持相当的车距～防止前车溜车。 总之～让速不让道～在任何情况下～都要在自己的固有位臵上。 3、怎样把车“嵌入”一排车的中间, - 7 - 采用倒车停车方法。通过反光镜～以车位前方车辆车头的中线为参照物～当后车轮的一半过了这条线时～开始打足方向盘倒车～待车辆进入2/3以后～再回方向盘。 4、要不要放空挡, 不建议经常放空挡。在速度不快、不影响安全的情况下～可以采用空档滑行～但省油效果不明显。下坡时切勿放空挡～不仅容易导致刹车失灵～而且一旦熄火～车辆可能失控。 5、如何超车和变道, 要坚决、果断～尽量贴近前车～尤其是双向车道～可以节省超车的时间。 变道时一定要通过反光镜仔细观察隔壁车道的车流情况～不仅要判断距离～而且要判断后车的速度。在确保安全的情况下才可以变道～否则一旦发生碰撞～变道车要负全责。 若行驶过程中～前方有公共汽车靠站～看不清车头处是否有行人过马路时～可以看公共汽车车头前轮的空隙处～若地上有脚或阴影移动～则表示有人～超车时一定要注意。 6、绿灯闪烁～是否可以继续往前开, 按照新的交通法规～不建议绿灯闪烁的时候过～最好绿灯一闪就停车～避免闯黄灯。并且尽量避免停在斑马线上。 7、怎样换挡最有效率, 换挡的诀窍在于学会听发动机声音。车速快、挡位低、拖挡的时候～会发出嗡嗡的声音,反之～低速高挡的时候～声音也会异常～会很响～同时还会发生车身抖动的现象。 一般来说～起步后～车子开动之后放2挡～40码左右就可以换3挡了。 8、怎样把速度保持在60-80码, 很多路段超过80码会被电子警察揪住～但开得太慢又会影响交通顺畅～因此60-80码是最安全的行车速度。 首先～一定要养成不猛踩油门的习惯～至于踩油门的最佳力度～每一辆车都不一样～要尽快熟悉自己车子的油门轻重。 9、遇到红灯～如何把车停得稳一点, - 8 - 提前从油门收脚～刹车不要猛踩～第一脚踩得略深一点～让速度迅速降下来～待车辆停之前～微放刹车～汽车就不会向前“冲”了。 10、如何把车开到上街沿, 一般不主张把车硬生生开到上街沿～容易损坏车辆。长时间“凝”离合器～车内会传来一股焦臭味～这是离合器磨损的味道。 有的地方停车紧张～实在需要把车开到上街沿～也要放慢车速～一个轮子一个轮子地上去～千万不要两个轮子一起冲上去～这样很容易造成避震系统的损坏。下来的时候～也最好从侧面下。 离合器的操作要领一快、二慢、三联动 起步时～踩离合器踏板时动作要利落～一脚到底～使离合器彻底分离。 抬起离合器踏板时～则要遵循“一快、二慢、三联动”的操作原则。 所谓“一快、二慢、三联动”就是离合器踏板抬起的过程分三个阶段～一开始快抬～当感觉到离合器压盘逐渐结合至半联动后～踏板抬起的速度开始放慢～在半联动到完全结合的过程中～离合器踏板是慢慢抬起的。在离 合器踏板抬起的同时～应根据发动机动力的大小～逐渐再把油门踏板踩下去～使汽车能平稳地起步。油门的操作要平稳适当～只有在离合器完全结合时才能增大油门。 手动挡车主必看--我的换挡秘笈 关于加减挡时机与发动机转速关系的讨论不应该仅仅局限于某种车。我的看法是～所有的手动挡车～无论是进口车还是国产车都应该这样:高转速加挡。 关于发动机的功率 汽车发动机的最高功率是在某一转速下发挥出来的～所以汽车的说明书或宣传资料里关于功率的说明都是与转速相提并论的。当汽车在发动机较低转速时行驶,比如1500RPM,～发动机的功率可能只发挥出10,,15,。交通台曾作过解说:“就好象汽车原来需要70匹马拉着,发动机最高功率70马力,～你现在只让15匹马拉～能不费力吗,” 关于燃烧 发动机长时间处于低转速状态工作～会造成燃烧的不充分～有些部位会有积碳～有些部位会被粘乎乎的没有完全燃烧的油渍糊住～进一步造成燃烧的不 - 9 - 充分～恶性循环。到那时～你的爱车就是想不肉都难:交通台的警察举例子说:“改革开放初期～我国某大部委买了一辆世界知名品牌的高级轿车,我估计是大奔,～交给专业司机开了没一年～就有油耗上升～运行状态下降等不良现象先后出现。部委领导忿忿然叫来该公司驻北京办事处的德国人～责问其产品质量。老德来了以后～先自己开着车在院子里转了两圈～又问了问司机平时如何驾驶、如何保养和加减挡时机等等～并打开车的机器盖子大概看了看。然后老德对领导说:星期天早上6点～请你们司机把车加满油～在京顺路起点等我～我亲自给你们修车。星期天早上司机早早来到约定地点～心里还直纳闷～这老德怎么在这儿修车,6点整老德来了～也开一大奔～他下车对专业司机说:你跟着我～别落下。说完转身上车狂奔～车速很快达到了200KM,H～一直开到密云水库的大坝上才停住,行程约200KM,。德国老头儿下了车笑眯眯地对中国司机说:车已经修好了。司机原地慢慢开着试了试～确实好多了。老德解释说:你原来开这个车的习惯是你们中国习惯～开我们公司的车要按我们的习惯和说明书上的规定～你长期低转速加挡～使得燃烧不充分～粘乎乎的油把喷油嘴等部位都糊住了。今天咱们开这么快～转速会在4500，5000以上～油的流量也会很大～把原来的粘乎乎的东西都冲刷走了。所以车又好开了。” 关于发动机的寿命和驾驶乐趣 发动机本来是按照在较高转速下工作设计的～各种部件的动平衡和转动惯量等参数也都是以高转速下为参考值设计的～如果发动机长时间在非正常的工作状态下工作～内部机件的负荷和磨损自然增加～抖动和叫杆儿现象经常发生～寿命恐怕也要受影响。自己的爱车越来越肉～驾驶乐趣也就荡然无存。 看看转速表可能也会有帮助 我不知道富康车的转速表现在啥样～但是我的捷达车的转速表～从2000,4000RPM是有绿色标志的～这是非常明显的标志——健康转速。在德国～高速公路基本不限速～大多数汽车都在以150,180KM,H的速度长时间行驶～200KM以上时速的摩托车和250KM以上的汽车非常常见～这时其发动机转速恐怕会在5000以上。想一想就会明白～五挡时跑140,150KM时速的发动机转速就会是4000以上～你可能经常会这样～为什么一挡、二挡时你就不敢了呢,顺便说一句～我为什么选择3000RPM作为加挡转数,因为我的车3000转加挡 - 10 - 后正好是2300多转～这就可以保证我的发动机始终工作在健康转速的范围之内～就可以健康健康～永远健康: 哇:我的秘笈全暴露啦:不过要是哪位兄弟接受了我的意见～提高了车的性能～延长了车的寿命～也算我没有白忙活一通。 - 11 - ,英文版 , Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist 12 Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too 13 complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest 14 administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and 15 Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party 16 characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the 17 < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations 18 governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, 19 more than 3600 words. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," a total of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the 20 content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and 21 other six categories, the content of < rule > real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were 22 made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen years implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses. Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions" Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party 23 constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Yan Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline, exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the 24 disciplinary review found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility should be depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates 25 the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts; the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effective convergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights; due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party 26 organizations. For is "party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of 10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for acts of mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex" Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding > < regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem -- about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic 27 theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme requirements adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Application of this principle is not only the party the basic organization principle and is also the mass line in party life, it requires that we must fully develop inner-party democracy, respect for the dominant position of Party members, safeguarding the Party member democratic rights, give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the party organizations at all levels and Party members, at the same time, also must implement the right concentration, ensure the party's mission < the chaos in unity and concerted 28 action to ensure that the party's decision to get quickly and effectively implementing. The Party Central Committee formulated the major principles and policies, through different channels and ways, fully listen to the party organizations and Party members of the opinions and suggestions, but 12 is some people face to face not to say back blather "" will not say, after the meeting said, "" Taiwan does not say, and nonsense ", in fact, not only disrupt the people thought, some causing serious consequences, the damage to the Party of the centralized and unified, hinder the central policy implementation, but also a serious violation of the democratic system of principles. There is no doubt that shall, in accordance with the Regulations > 4 Specified in Article 6 to give the appropriate punishment. For did not cause serious consequences, to give criticism and education or the corresponding tissue processing. (2) about the destruction of the party's unity < New Regulations > the forty eighth to fifty second article, to damage Party's unity unified and violation of political discipline, punishment situation made explicit provisions. Article 52 of the new "in the party get round group, gangs seek private gain, cliques, cultivate private forces or through the exchange of interests, for their own to create momentum and other activities to gain political capital, given a serious warning or withdraw from their party posts disposition; if the 29 circumstances are serious, to give Leave a party to observation or expelled from the party. (3) on against the organization review of the provisions of the constitution, party loyalty honesty is party members must comply with the obligations. Members must obey the organization decision, shall not violate the organization decided encounters by asking questions to find organization, rely on the organization, shall not deceive the organization, against the organization. For example, after the investigation does not take the initiative to explain the situation, but to engage in offensive and defensive alliance, hiding the stolen money is against survey organization, is a violation of the behavior of political discipline. Article 24 of the original > < Regulations, although the provisions of the interference, hinder group review the behavior of the fabric can be severely or 13 Aggravated punishment, but did not put this kind of behavior alone as a discipline for qualitative amount of discipline. > < new regulations increase the Article 57, "anti organization review, one of the following acts, given a warning or serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, give expelled from the party: (a) on supply or forged, destroyed, transfer, conceal evidence; (II) to prevent others expose, providing evidence 30 Material; (III) harboring co personnel; (4) to the organization to provide false information, to hide the fact; (5) the him against the acts of the organization review. "< rule > add this clause to the Constitution requires more specific, the previous no punishment in accordance with the definite list and put forward clear punishment in accordance with. (4) about organizing or participating in superstitious activities as < Regulations > about engage in activities of feudal superstition obstruction of social management order" violations of Article 164 the provisions, but according to the original < rule > only in disrupting production, work, social life order The case to be disciplinary treatment, in other words, alone make the feudal superstition, organize or participate in the activities of feudal superstition of, does not constitute a violation. Which is not consistent with the requirements of our party's political party. > < new regulations in this change is, superstitious activities on the political discipline, increase the Article 58, is the organization of Party members, in superstitious activities included in violation of the negative list of political discipline deserves punishment, which and Party members should adhere to the correct political principle, political standpoint and viewpoint is consistent. 14 the second question about organization and discipline violation behavior of democratic centralism is our The party's fundamental 31 organizational system. < New Regulations > Chapter 7 "in violation of the behavior of organizational discipline punishment" mainly for violation of democratic centralism, contrary to the "four obey the discipline behavior for source classification rules. Increased not in accordance with the relevant provisions or requirements to the organization for instructions to report on major issues; do not report truthfully report about personal matters; falsify personal archives; hide before joining the party serious mistakes; leading cadres in violation of the relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of the old Xiang, Alumni Association, comrades in arms; to obtain illegal country residence abroad or foreign nationality, illegal for private frontier Documents such as discipline terms. (1) on the report truthfully report personal matters in 2010 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China office, office of the State Council introduced < provisions on issues related to the leading cadres to report personal >, is clear about the request, deputy division level and above leading cadres should truthfully report changes in my marriage and spouse, children, moved to the country (territory), practitioners, income, real estate, investment and other matters, for failing to report, do not report, concealed and unreported, according to the seriousness of the case, giving criticism and education, and to make a correction 32 within a time limit, shall be ordered to make a check, the commandment Jiemian conversation, informed criticism or jobs, free Post processing, constitute violations, in accordance with the relevant provisions shall be given a disciplinary sanction. But since the original < Regulations > and there is no corresponding specific terms, the violation of the regulations, do not report, as a false report about personal matters, there is no corresponding disciplinary action terms, in practice it is difficult to operate. In this regard, in order to solve is not reported, as a false report about personal matters 15 asked censure, the new < Regulations > add the Article 67 of violation of personal matters related to reporting requirements, report truthfully report the clear punishment basis, making this kind of violation behavior is no longer free drilling for Exhibition on matters of personal checks to verify and supervision of cadres, discipline review provides a powerful discipline guarantee. (2) about the illegal organization, to fellow, alumni, friends of the war will < regulations stipulated in Article 68 of >, leading cadres of the party in violation of relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrade in arms to give the punishment according to the seriousness of the case. Here special needs note is three points: this provision for only the leading cadres ", reflecting 33 the high requirements of leading cadres; second violation in 2002, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the central Organization Department and the The relevant provisions of the General Political Department jointly issued the < off in leading cadres not to participate in the initiative to set up "the villagers would be" alumni "" comrades in arms organization notice >. That is to say, to the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrades in arms will constitute the premise of discipline is a violation of the provisions of this. The notification specified, leading cadres are not allowed to participate in the spontaneous incorporation of fellow, alumni, between comrades association would like the organization and shall not bear the sorority Human and the organizer shall not hold the corresponding position in the sorority; shall not borrow machine woven "network" and engage in kiss sparsely, round and round the gangs, but not "align" "Jieyi Gold Orchid" behavior. The third is to emphasize here that shall be organized to participate in the initiative to set up the villager, Alumni Association, comrades in arms. The so-called 16 spontaneous was established mainly means without registration. Therefore, Party members include leading cadres in the normal range of fellow, alumni, comrades in the party is not a violation of the rules of Party discipline. The three problem about integrity 34 violations discipline Lian Jie discipline has been eighteen years clean government and anti The focus of the work of corruption. This Ordinance to amend, honesty and discipline this biggest adjustment, the new content, most of which prescribed by the original < criterion of a clean and honest administration > 8 ban and 52 are not allowed into the basic this part. (1) the central eight provisions of the spirit and requirements into < New > in the regulations of the party's eighteen years, central resolutely implement the provisions of the eight and pay close attention to the node and intensive briefing, on public funds, private bus, public funds tourism, gifts of public funds, the big parade and lavish weddings and festive, illegal payment allowances and subsidies, illegal construction of buildings such as the original masses reflects the relatively strong, "four winds" problem of the Resolute rectification. But original < Regulations > to eat and drink, super standard reception and no clear and specific expression, new < rule > will implement eight Central provisions of the spirit of the problem increased to "clean cheap self-discipline" chapter, clear to exceed the standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eating and drinking etc. some in violation of the provisions of the spirit of the eight central relevant persons responsible for punishment, once the violation will be according to the < rule > 35 severely punished, binding, enhanced significantly. One is to add Article 87, about to obtain illegal, hold, and the actual use of the sports card, golf ball cards and other consumer card. Illegal access to private clubs made the punishment provisions. The second is increase the Article 97, has made provisions of the disposition of illegal self pay or 17 spamming allowances, subsidies and bonuses. The third is added to the Article 99, on violation of super standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eat and drink to make the provisions of punishment. The fourth is to increase the Article 101, on the management of conference activities in violation of the provisions made sanctions regulations. The fifth is the increased Article 102, for violation of office space management provisions made the punishment provisions. Six is to split the original < rule > Article 78, formed article 98, Article 100 of public Models of tourism, violate the provisions on the administration of the use of discipline of the bus through the list of made a more detailed provisions, apply more operational. Seven is increased the article 96, in violation of the relevant provisions of the, to participate in public funds to pay for dinner, high consumption of entertainment, fitness activities and public funds to buy gift, send gifts to make the provisions of the disposition. On the violation of the central provisions of the spirit of the eight, in addition to > < new 36 regulations into "violation of honesty and self-discipline" misconduct outside, is different with the original < Regulations >, revised < rule > clearly defined not only to disposition of the directly responsible persons, but also dispose of collar Guide responsibilities. (2) increased trading rights, use of authority or position influence as relatives and close to profit violation of the terms of the < New Regulations > absorption < clean politics several guidelines > the relevant provisions spirit, increase the "negative list, including trading rights, the functions and powers or duties of influence as relatives and staff around profit. Increase Article 81" mutual use of office or authority ring for each other and their spouses, children and their spouses and other relatives, around 18 personnel and other specific relationship between the people to seek benefits engage in trading rights, given a warning or serious warning Sanctions; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, shall be expelled from the party. Increase Article 82 "connivance, acquiescence to the spouse, children and spouse etc. relatives and staff around the effect of Party members and cadres personal authority or position for personal gain, if the circumstances are relatively minor, given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively 37 serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, the given Expelled from the party. Party members and cadres of the spouses, children and their spouses does the actual work and get salary or although the actual work but to receive significantly beyond the same rank salary standard, Party members and cadres informed fails to correct, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. "(3) about the gifts, gifts misconduct from handling practices in recent years, engaged in official cadres received gifts, gifts problems more prominent. This has seriously affected the image of Party members and cadres, damaged the relations between the party and the masses, and is a hotbed of corruption, is really necessary for this kind of behavior to be disciplined. < rule > no on accepting gifts, gifts, Card consumption behavior to engage in simple "one size fits all", but the difference between the different separately. One is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting may affect the impartial enforcement of the official gifts, gifts, consumer cards to depending on the seriousness of the case shall be given disciplinary sanctions. That is to say, for may affect the fair execution of business gifts, gifts, consumer cards are not allowed to accept. 19 is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting was 38 significantly higher than normal ceremony is still exchanges of gifts, gifts, consumer card to disciplinary action. This is new regulations that daily life is purely reciprocity, accepting the same thing, boys , fellow friends gifts, gifts, shopping cards, although and fair execution of business has nothing to do, also want to as the case shall be dealt with, the situation is obviously beyond normal reciprocity ". The so-called" reciprocity ", one is emphasizes the reciprocal in protocol. In other words is you to me how, I to you how, not only does not go. The second is to significantly exceeded the normal local economy level, customs and habits, economic capacity of individual gifts, gift value. Specific sanctions to according to the processing of a variety of factors to consider, as appropriate. The third is the root according to the provisions of Article 84," to Engaged in public service personnel and their spouses and children, children's spouses and other relatives and other specific relationship presented Ming Xianchao normal reciprocity of gifts, gifts, consumer card, if the circumstances are relatively serious, given a warning until probation. "In accordance with the above provisions, gift giving significantly beyond the normal reciprocity, giver constitute the discipline. (4) on illegal trading of stocks or of other regulations of securities investment < > Article 88 is engaged in punishment regulation of camp and activity 39 in violation of the relevant provisions on. Among them, 3 will" buying and selling stocks or in other securities investment "column as one of disciplinary cases Out. First need to be clear, > < regulations did not change the provisions of the Ordinance. The ordinance of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 77 provisions "who, in violation of the provisions of the sale of stocks" is one of the violation, and at the beginning of the first paragraph of this article "violation of 20 against the relevant provisions of the" textual representation of the repeat revision. In, just from the legislative technique removed the "personal" in violation of the provisions, content and not to change the original provisions. Need to clear is, "buy or sell a stock or of other securities investment" refers to violation of the relevant provisions refers to in April 2001, the Party Central Committee, the State Council promulgated the On the work of the party and government organs staff's personal investment in securities if dry provisions >. According to the provisions of Article 3, use of work time, office facilities, the sale of stocks and securities investment fund belongs to illegal behavior. The fourth question, about the violation of the masses of the disciplinary actions < new regulations > would violate public discipline behavior of a single set of a class of restored "three rules of discipline and eight note" in the discipline of the masses of 40 excellent traditional. < New Regulations > Chapter 9 "to violate the masses of disciplinary action", mainly the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary; enrich and perfect the super standard, beyond the scope of Xiang Qun < All to raise fund and labor, in for involving the public affairs deliberately, chinakayao, in social security, policy support, disaster relief funds and materials and other matters assigned any kind and affectionate friends, obviously unfair acts against the interests of the masses of the disciplinary terms; increase the terms not in accordance with the provisions of the public party provided, government, factory and village (neighborhood) provided etc. violation of the people's right to know the behavior of the discipline. The fifth issue, on the violation of work discipline violation of work discipline added "negative list, including Party organizations carry out strictly Main responsibility for poor discipline terms. (1) the new party organization comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party does not fulfill the 21 or perform poor disciplinary terms < New Regulations > has a lead people to pay attention to the new terms, that is, in chapter ten "on the violation of work discipline behavior punishment" increase in the one hundred and fourteenth "party fail to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the 41 party or to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility for administering the ineffective, resulting in serious damage or serious adverse effects, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership and give a warning or serious warning. The situation is serious, giving removed from their party posts or on probation Punishment. "Here the changes. For the first time, the main responsibility write < rule >. (2) new shall report does not report or false reporting discipline shall increase the 117 bar" in the higher level units to check to inspect the work or report to the parent unit, work report of shall report the matters do not report or do not report, cause serious damage or serious adverse effects of, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership, to give warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, giving removed from their party posts or placed on probation. "For example, during the tour visits to the region, the unit Members the obligation to the inspection teams to reflect the true situation, to conceal not reported or intentionally to the inspection teams to provide false information, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects of, the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership should be in accordance with the provisions of < rule > Article 117 to give the appropriate punishment. (3) the new not granted in accordance 42 with the provisions of punishment, not according to the provisions of the implementation of disciplinary measures 22 violation of the provisions of Article 115 "Party organizations have one of the following circumstances, the direct leadership responsibility. Probation: members were sentenced punished, in accordance with the provisions give disciplinary action or in violation of state law Rules of behavior should be given disciplinary punishment and dispose of; disciplinary punishment by decision or complaint review the decision made, not in accordance with the provisions of the implementation decisions on punishment of the party, position, rank, and the treatment of the matters; Party members subject to disciplinary action, not in accordance with the cadre management authority and organizational relationships of by dispose of Party members to carry out education and supervision of daily management. "What needs to be pointed out is," cliff "demoted with cars, housing, secretary problem, implementation is not a discipline and party posts and ranks treatment by the organization department is responsible for the implementation, with cars, housing by the logistics department is responsible for the implementation of, Ji Commission responsible oversight responsibilities. The six questions, about the acts violating the discipline of life "in violation of discipline of life behavior 43 punishment", mainly to "four winds" problems and a serious violation of social morality, family virtue acts of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary, an increase of extravagant life, contrary to the social public order and good customs disciplinary terms. Worth mentioning is, > < Regulations in Article 150 about "adultery" "mistress (Cardiff) formulation in the new < rule > is removed, to expand the scope of Article 127 provisions" and others hair improper sexual relations, let face disciplinary action Wider more strict. Four, and earnestly do a good job in the < code > and < rule > implement system of life lies in execution. < code > and < Regulations > is 23 Party organizations at all levels of a strong constraint and all Party members follow. Learning and implementing the < code > and < rule > is party committees (party), commission for discipline, discipline inspection group), the majority of Party members and cadres of the common responsibility, must party caught together, the party one execution. () Party committees (party) and play and implement comprehensive strictly the main responsibility, pays special attention to the two party regulations learning cross penetration. One is to Adhere to the party constitution is fundamental to follow, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Chapter. The second is to adhere to the problem oriented, to strictly political discipline and political rule 44 moments in the first place. The third is to adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front must not allow the bottom line to break the discipline. The fourth is to seriously organize the study of propaganda and education, in the city party members to create a disciplined, about the rules of the strong atmosphere. (II) Commission for Discipline Inspection at all levels (Discipline Inspection Group) to an important basis for the revised two party regulations as, adhere to easily blame, strengthen supervision and enforcement And early method in combining Ji, increase accountability efforts. One is to two regulations within the party important basis, adhere to the party constitution duties, with strict discipline to maintain the constitution authority. The second is to adhere to high standards and keep the bottom line, adhere to Ji Yan in law and discipline, the discipline and rules quite in front, grasping grasping small, easily blame, comprehensive use of supervision and discipline of "four kinds of form" in the discipline embodies the strict requirements and care for the discipline, tighten up, Yan. According to discipline in accordance with regulations to carry out disciplinary review. Increase the violations punishment, clues can initiate an investigation on the trial of cases According to the discipline on the provisions of the proportion of processing and control manager 45 maintains discipline. To focus on investigating non convergence, don't accept hand serious disciplinary violations at the same time, pay more attention to the general review of discipline 24 behavior, and gradually increase the lighter punishment. Four is to illuminate two party regulations, combined with the local district of the Department of party conduct Lianzheng to relevant laws and regulations system clean, timely research proposes to establish, change, waste release opinion, avoid conflict, and the fasten system of cage, and gradually formed not rot, not rot, not want to rot system and working mechanism. (3) the leadership of the party members and cadres should play an exemplary role. The rate of higher consciousness of the front of the Ordinance to lead practice self-discipline norms, leading to maintain discipline of seriousness and authority. One is the above rate, demonstration and guidance, take the lead in learning and mastering the < code > and < > the requirements and regulations, do the deep understanding, learning to use. The second is to play an exemplary role in abiding by discipline rate, take the lead in practicing self-discipline norms, firmly establish before the discipline are equal, the system has no privilege, discipline is no exception, and consciously do standards, require more strict measures more practical. Third is to consciously accept supervision, conscientiously participate in the democratic 46 life and debriefing honesty responsibility, such as Real to the party organization to report personal matters, and to accept the supervision of the work and life of the normal, habits under the supervision of the exercise of power, to carry out the work. The fourth is to set an example for the strict enforcement of discipline. Leading cadres should take the lead in the maintenance of discipline of seriousness and authority, to dare to seriously, dare to struggle, dare to offend people, for misconduct not laissez faire, but do not indulge, not tolerate to ensure the party constitution of party compasses party put in place. (4) the majority of Party members and cadres to set high standards and hold the bottom line, consciously abide by the < code > and < rule >. One is to control the < standard > and < 25 cases >, tight Close connection with their own thoughts, practical work and life, efforts to solve the problems, to enhance the study and implement of the effectiveness and pertinence. The second is to establish a high standard and hold the bottom line, consciously in the self-discipline pursuit of high standards, strictly in the party away from the red line discipline, discipline, about the rules and know fear, distrust, the formation of the honor system, comply with the system, safeguard system of good habits. 47 Regulations and discipline regulations of < < New Revision of the Communist Party of China clean fingered self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Party Disciplinary Regulations > is the Party Central Committee in the new situation to promote the comprehensive strictly root of the lift, the regulations of the party construction of keeping pace with the times. We should study and implement the Standards > and < > as the primary political task, adhere to the party constitution duties, adhere to the discipline of, Ji Yan in law, the full implementation of supervision and discipline accountability responsibilities for coordination and promotion "four overall" strategic layout in XX District vivid practice to provide a strong guarantee. - Si Jian Wu, and effectively enhance the implementation of the implementation of the < code > < > The consciousness of General Secretary Xi pointed out that the party is in charge of the party, to manage the party; strictly, it can cure good party. Criterion > and < rule > keep pace with the times is our party to form a new potential strictly rules, to deepen understanding of the ruling law, is a comprehensive strictly, and strengthen the supervision within the party important grasper. Criterion > closely linked to the theme of self-discipline, self-discipline intensity-modulated, focusing on morality, for the majority of Party members and cadres set to see, feel the high 48 standard, show the Communists noble moral sentiment; District Ordinance < < rule > the constitution of discipline integration into a political discipline, organization and discipline, honesty and discipline, discipline of the masses, work discipline, discipline, emphasize discipline, focusing on established rules, to draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line. Party committees (party) to effectively strengthen the study and publicize the implementation of the < code > and < rule > the organization and leadership of criterion > and < > a full range, multi angle, deep publicity, the formation of study and publicize and implement the boom, in order to consolidate the development of good political environment to create a positive environment and atmosphere. The majority of Party members and cadres to strict requirements, the < rule > and < Ordinance cases > as a guide to action and behavior criterion, adhere to the moral standards and discipline of the bottom line, to maintain the discipline of worship and awe, learning, compliance, and maintain party discipline and rules of the model. The discipline inspection and supervision organs and cadres to the < code > and < > as the deepening of the "three", and strengthen supervision and discipline of accountability is important to follow correctly grasp the use of supervision and discipline of "four types", promote the comprehensive strictly in new 49 roots. Strict discipline, adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front of the enterprise in the implementation of expensive to implement to execute. The discipline inspection and supervision organs to implement the < code > and < Efforts to investigate cases > as an opportunity, adhere to the party should manage the party strictly, serious performance of their duties to promote two regulations implementation. Change discipline concept. From the simple "investigation of illegal" to a comprehensive "stare at violate discipline"; from the business case to prosecute the big cases and timely solve the signs of tilt to. From the orientation to the normal supervision; from the tube "minority" to resist the "most". Guide Party members and cadres to seriously implement the < code > and < rule >, consciously abide by the political, organizational, honest people, work, life six discipline. Urge the leadership cadres sent to play an exemplary role, take the lead in strictly enforced. Relaxation and rest Strong wind is Su Ji, closely linked to the "four winds" prone to multiple, the masses reflect the strong important nodes and, glued to the four winds "new form, new trends, seriously investigate and deal with violations of the central eight provisions of the spirit, to increase the bulletin exposure intensity, the formation of Chajiu" four winds "loudly, continue to release and discipline must be strict signal. At the same time, extended 50 supervision tentacles, through the development of the rural and fishery party conduct Lianzheng construction inspection, issued in a timely manner, Chajiu occurred in grassroots side of corruption and unhealthy, and earnestly safeguard the interests of the masses and social stability. The creativity and discipline. Grasp and make good use of the supervision and discipline of" four types ", to ensure the Promoting clues to lots of discipline and the law of the vacuum tube, strict together. Not only to the "less" and "very few" thorough investigation severely punished, but also the "most" to maintain zero tolerance trend through layers of conductive pressure, let the discipline about the rules for each party members and cadres consciously follow. At present, it is necessary to implement the "list" management, strictly follow the clues to the disposal of five standards, make the classification of disposal, dynamic cleanup. Zadok Party committees at all levels to implement the main responsibility, comprehensive use of disciplinary action and tissue processing and other means to effectively curb the commonplace, used to see do not blame the "small problem", not because of "practice" and "exception". Prominent Discipline characteristics, the problems of violation of discipline and rules into the focus of supervision and discipline and disciplinary review. At the same time, increase case double check 51 the intensity, the serious problems of discipline violations or "four winds" ban but not absolutely, not only to be held directly responsible, but also held leadership responsibility; not only to pursue studies the main responsibility of the Party committee, and to pursue Commission for Discipline Inspection and supervision responsibilities and promote accountability to become the new norm. The implementation of supervisory responsibility. Maintain < code > and < rule > the seriousness and authority of the discipline and rules and truly become the party's ruler. Discipline as supervision within the party the specialized agency, we must strengthen the responsibility to act, adhere to the Impartial discipline accountability, earnestly will be strict discipline, discipline must be punished, and severely punish the acts in violation of rules and regulations. 52