2012 高考 名词性从句

2012 高考 名词性从句 2013界高三英语语法复习二: 名词性从句 一 朗读下列各句，并思考划线的从句在全句中作什么成分。 1.what he did made me extremely disappointed. ( ) 2.Whether we will go picnicking tomorrow depends on the weather. ( ) 3.My suggestion is that we should turn the land into rice fields. ( ) 4.He said that he got up late and that he was late for class. ( ) 5.she has made it clear that she will get married next month. ( ) 6.Our success depends on whether everyone works hard. ( ) 7.Let me know whether or not you can come. ( ) 8.The fact that he tell lies all the time makes us surprised. ( ) 9.The advice that she wait till next week is reasonable. ( ) 二 归纳总结 1.定义:名词性从句的用法相当于一个_____ ____的用法，在句中可作主语，表语，同位语，宾语，分别叫做__________，__________，__________，__________。 2.引导词: 类别 关联词 备注 连接that 没有任何意义，不作任何句子成分，宾语从句中词 可以省略，其他从句不可省略 if, whether 有“是否”之意，宾语从句中多可通用，其他从句 用whether 连接 who, whom, whose, what, which, 有意义，作句子成分，在从句中作主语，宾语，代词 whoever, whatever 表语，定语，不可省略。 连接when, where, how, why等 有意义，在从句中作状语。 副词 3.主语从句 :一个句子在另一个句子中充当主语，该句子称为主语从句。 【完成例句】 根据句意选词填空(that, if, whether, why, when, what) (1) ________he will succeed is certain. (2) __________he will go there is not known. (3) _________he said is not true. (4) ______the meeting will be held has not been decided yet. 【结论】 ?that,从句，从句为一个句意完整的陈述句，没有具体意义，不充当句子成分，只起标志性作用，但that 不能省略。 ?whether ,从句，从句来源于一般疑问句，whether不能省略，意为“是否”，不能用if替换。 ?特殊疑问词,从句，从句来源于特殊疑问句，特殊疑问词不能省略，意思为特殊疑问词本来的意思，在从句中充当句子成分。 1 【疑难1】That 2010 Asian Games are successful is known to all. 【疑难剖析1】单个句子作主语，视为单数。 【疑难2】It is a pity that you didn't go to see the film. It doesn't interest me whether you succeed or not. 【疑难剖析2】1(主语从句通常由it充当形式主语，而本身放在句子末尾。 2. 用it 作形式主语的常用结构 ? It is ， 名词 ， 从句 It is a fact that…事实是…… It is an honor that…非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that………是常识 ?It is ， 形容词 ， 从句 It is natural that…很自然…… It is strange that…奇怪的是…… ?It ， 不及物动词 ， 从句 It seems that…似乎…… It happened that…碰巧…… It appears that…似乎…… ?It is ， 过去分词 ， 从句 It is reported that…据报道…… It has been proved that…已证实…… It is said that…据说…… 【疑难3】 what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 What you said yesterday is right. That she is still alive is a consolation. 【疑难剖析3】what 引导主语从句时在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语，而that则不充当任何成分。 4.宾语从句:在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词)或介词之后。 【完成例句】 根据句意选词填空(that, if, whether, where, what，who) I heard _______he joined the army. She did not know _______ had happened. I wonder _________ you can change this note for me. She told me ___________ she would accept my invitation. 【结论】?由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略)，that在从句中不充当任何成分。 ?由what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。 ?whether (if)引导的宾语从句，在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，意为“是否”。 【疑难1】引导宾语从句时if和whether的区别 I asked her if / whether she had a bike. We're worried about whether he is safe. I don't know whether or not he will come. I don't know whether to go. 【疑难剖析1】引导宾语从句时用if和whether都可以，但有只用whether的特殊情况:介词后;whether与or not连用时; whether to do。 【疑难2】I am afraid (that) I've made a mistake. 【疑难剖析2】作形容词的宾语时，可以省略that。 2 【注意】下列形容词后常跟that引导的从句作宾语: anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content等。(有时也将此类词 后的that 从句看作原因状语从句。 ) We heard it that she would get married next month. 【疑难3】 【疑难剖析3】it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语，而真正的宾语that 从句则放在 句尾(特别是在带复合宾语的句子中)。 5.表语从句:在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，一般结构是“主语，连系动词，表语从句”。 【完成例句】根据句意填空 The question is ________ we can make good preparation in such a short time. This is_____ _____ we can't get the support of the people. But the fact remains __ _____ we are behind the other classes. The reason he is late for school is ____ ____ he missed the early bus. 【结论1】 ?完整陈述句充当表语时用that引导，且不可省略; ?表“是否”含义时用whether; ?语义不完整时根据情况选用对应的特殊疑问词，如what，when，where，why等; ?两种特殊句型:the reason is that…和It is because…等结构。 6.同位语从句: 在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句为同位语从句。 【完成例句】 根据句意填空 The king's decision __ ______ the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. The order __________ all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general. 【结论】同位语从句对名词作进一步解释，说明名词的具体 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 ，一般由that引导，可以接同位 语从句的名词主要有:fact, information, problem, decision, suggestion, proposal, order等。 【疑难1】同位语在句子中的位置 He got the news from Mary than the sports meeting was put off. 【疑难剖析1】同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。 【疑难2】同位语从句与定语从句的区别 The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year. ( ) 他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。 The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him. ( ) 汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。 【疑难剖析2】 (1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时可以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语)， 而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。 (2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述名词的性质或特征; 同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词的具体内容进行补充说明。 3 三. (A) 用适当的引导词填空并指出从句的类型: 1. that 2.who 3.that 4.what 5. who/whom 6. what 7.where 8.how 9. that 10.what 11. what 12. that 13.what 14.why 15.where 16.where (B) 高考链接 BDDCC BBCAD CBCB (C) 名词性从句在语法填空中的应用: 1.what 2.where 3. why 4. whether 5.where 6. where 7. I don’t know ___whether_ you have noticed ___that____some students don’t want to walk to school. ____what__ can be seen every day is ___that___ their parents drive them to school. But nowadays, ____what__ we should realize is ____that___ the air is seriously polluted. Do you know ____what____we can do about it? I think it important __that___ we should take actions right now. Here I have a suggestion ___that__ we ____should ride_ (ride) on our bikes to school! ______whether___we can do it will not only have significant benefits for our health, but also help improve our environment. ___whether_____ we will have a better environment depends on ____what_______ we can do for ourselves and for nature. 四 名词性从句在写作中的应用。 1.据报道，这本书的中文版本(version)在2011年年初就开始出售了。(2011，广东，基础写作) 2. 这本书讲述了作者是怎样用中国传统的方法教育自己的两个女儿的.(2011.广东) 3. 真正的朋友会尽其所能来帮助你。(whatever) (话题:朋友) 4. 毫无疑问，练字不会妨碍学习，反而还有助于学习。(话题:学习习惯) 5. 众所周知，拥有很好的词汇知识是学习一门语言的基础。(话题:如何学好一门语言) 6. 我突然想到一个好主意，我可以在圣诞节早上打个电话给父母并寄一份礼物给他们。 (话题:孩子与父母的关系) 4 7. 学习是学生应该做的事，但是如果给钱他们，他们会误认为他们是为钱而不是知识而学 8.在这篇文章里作者讲了什么是食物中毒以及什么可能导致食物中毒。(话题:食物中毒) 9.作为学生，我们应该对老师所说的多加注意且好好利用我们所有的一切。 10孩子长大以后，要鼓励他们做力所能及的家务。 11.越来越多大学生面临着这样一个事实:找到一份合适的工作实属不易。 四、 的地方。在那里看到的一切令她难忘。但她不能理解的是为什么有人不喜欢那里的文化。她还表达了一个愿望:我们经常给她写信. 5