SPC管制图与制程管制

SPC管制图与制程管制 1、SPC兴起的背景 SPC兴起是宣告「经验挂帅时代」的结束，SPC兴起是宣告「质量公共认证时代」的来临，因为「质量公共认证」的 制度 关于办公室下班关闭电源制度矿山事故隐患举报和奖励制度制度下载人事管理制度doc盘点制度下载 与机构非常重视，产品生产的「过程」与「系统」，然而，如何检核此一贯「过程」与「系统」仍然稳定的存在呢,这又必须仰赖SPC来发挥功能。 2、SPC与传统SQC的最大不同点，就在于由Q至P的这两个字转换。在传统的SQC中强调的是Quality，是指产品的质量。换言之，它是着重买卖双方可共同评断与鉴定的一种「既成事实」。而在SPC的想法上，则是希望将努力的方向更进一步的放在质量的源头――制程(Process)上。因为制程的起伏变化才是造成质量变异(Variation)的主要根源，而质量变异的大小也才是决定产品优劣的关键 3、QS9000之精髓 透过持续改善消除Waste 降低Cost SPC的焦点――制程(Process) 4、步骤一:深入掌握因果模式 如何找出因果模式呢,原则上要视产品质量的复杂度而订，如果，复杂度低，用传统的索检表(Checklist)及层制法来加以 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 即可。反之，如果遇到复杂度高的个案，那可能就不得不借助实验 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 法(D.O.E)的更高阶分析工具了。 步骤二:设定主要参数的控制范围 需要进一步地借助相关与回归分析等统计工具来合理地推测出控制范围。 步骤三:建立制程控制方法 控制频率 样本抽取方法 样本量测方法 步骤四:抽取成品来印证原始系统是否仍然正常运转 SPC的步骤6 SPC能使管理更合逻辑 从上述“步骤一,步骤二,步骤三,步骤四”来看，做好SPC的过程，其实 也就是脱离直觉式管理而进入逻辑管理的过程，中国人常说「物有本末，事有始终，知所先后，则近道矣」，这岂不正是SPC的写照, SPC能使管理掌握先机 因为SPC是从产品之质量特性，回溯到源头从制程参数上着手之管理。这种「源流管理」的想法从消极方面讲，可以防止损失于事先;从积极方面讲，更可创造质量于源头，因此「掌握先机」自然也成为SPC的精髓。 poverty alleviation, making stable poverty of village and exit in a timely manner, should support poverty alleviation into, from the ... The stability of families, not simply one off, not only to "help a horse", and "giving a lift" to prevent poverty and returning again. (D) to co-ordinate the configuration resource for poverty alleviation. One hand to work actively towards a superior policy. Central work Conference of poverty-alleviation, Central Government of General transfer payments, various types of special transfer payments involving the people's livelihood, in order to further to poor areas. National Revolutionary development seminars presented "five closely around the", developed to support development and construction of old revolutionary views. Prime Minister Li keqiang on the CPPCC was specifically proposed in the Government work report: "national waste management policies and the people's livelihood projects to impoverished areas." Meanwhile, provinces and cities will also be supporting the introduction of appropriate policies. These policies is very large, the ... ... For counties not only opportunities for poverty eradication, it is catching up, promote the development of opportunities in the surrounding area. Departments at all levels must firmly grasp this golden opportunity, let these opportunities become crucial for poverty eradication not only a powerful lever, also became ... ... Powerful breakthrough to overall development, with overtaking. Other integration-related funds. At the meeting, "two offices" introduced the integration of agriculture-related projects funds giving priority to poor implementation of village-poor tilt, clear integration of the 4 major categories of funds and use of the process. The involved departments, under the unified command of the leading group of poverty alleviation and development in the County, SPC能使管理更加省事 SPC是从容易控制的制程参数下手，来掌握不容易控制的成品质量。因此，是一种相当省事的管理。 SPC使制造成本更低 越早发现恢复成本越低 来自多个制程与参数， SPC的精髓 SPC管制图与制程管制 直方图之制作 分布的定量表示法: 位置量数: 1.算术平均数 2.中位数:直方图的面积左右等分的那个数值或数据按大小排序， 则位居正中的那个数据。(偶数个数据，则中间两个值 的平均数) 3.众数:出现最多的数值 4.中全距数:最大与最小值之平均值，但因受异常值,极端值,影 响，故多不使用。 离散量数: 1.变异数 2.不偏变异数:依统计学研究，不偏变异数值之期望值与真值一致。 3. 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 差 4.全距:全距易受异常值影响，适用n>10 之场合。 分布之定量表示 related funds. At the meeting, "two offices" introduced the integration of agriculture-onnot only a powerful lever, also became ... ... Powerful breakthrough to overall development, with overtaking. Other integrati ationepartments at all levels must firmly grasp this golden opportunity, let these opportunities become crucial for poverty eradicopportunities for poverty eradication, it is catching up, promote the development of opportunities in the surrounding area. D t onlys will also be supporting the introduction of appropriate policies. These policies is very large, the ... ... For counties noational waste management policies and the people's livelihood projects to impoverished areas." Meanwhile, provinces and citiert: "ntion of old revolutionary views. Prime Minister Li keqiang on the CPPCC was specifically proposed in the Government work repoational Revolutionary development seminars presented "five closely around the", developed to support development and construc's livelihood, in order to further to poor areas. Nalleviation, Central Government of General transfer payments, various types of special transfer payments involving the people-to work actively towards a superior policy. Central work Conference of poverty ordinate the configuration resource for poverty alleviation. One hand-ing a lift" to prevent poverty and returning again. (D) to cort poverty alleviation into, from the ... The stability of families, not simply one off, not only to "help a horse", and "givpoverty alleviation, making stable poverty of village and exit in a timely manner, should suppo2nified command of the leading group of poverty alleviation and development in the County,poor tilt, clear integration of the 4 major categories of funds and use of the process. The involved departments, under the u-o poor implementation of villagerelated projects funds giving priority t- 9 次数分布图之目的: 1. 了解分布状态 2. 调查制程能力 3. 制程的分析与管理 4. 求分布的平均数标准差 related funds. At the meeting-also became ... ... Powerful breakthrough to overall development, with overtaking. Other integration rmly grasp this golden opportunity, let these opportunities become crucial for poverty eradication not only a powerful lever,ust fieradication, it is catching up, promote the development of opportunities in the surrounding area. Departments at all levels mroduction of appropriate policies. These policies is very large, the ... ... For counties not only opportunities for poverty he intlicies and the people's livelihood projects to impoverished areas." Meanwhile, provinces and cities will also be supporting tPrime Minister Li keqiang on the CPPCC was specifically proposed in the Government work report: "national waste management poews. pment seminars presented "five closely around the", developed to support development and construction of old revolutionary vispecial transfer payments involving the people's livelihood, in order to further to poor areas. National Revolutionary develo alleviation, Central Government of General transfer payments, various types of-k Conference of povertyordinate the configuration resource for poverty alleviation. One hand to work actively towards a superior policy. Central wor-d returning again. (D) to coan rom the ... The stability of families, not simply one off, not only to "help a horse", and "giving a lift" to prevent povertypoverty alleviation, making stable poverty of village and exit in a timely manner, should support poverty alleviation into, f3nified command of the leading group of poverty alleviation and development in the County,poor tilt, clear integration of the 4 major categories of funds and use of the process. The involved departments, under the u-related projects funds giving priority to poor implementation of village-, "two offices" introduced the integration of agriculture 次数分布图之缺点: 1. 未包括时间性变化 2. 统计内容不足 3. 作次数分布所需数据多 直方图目的与缺点 直方图的判读 折齿型:由于次数分布分组不当或是测定的方法有问题造成。 分立小岛型:表示制程有异常,需要查出原因,采取措施加以消除。 左曳尾型:将理论值或规格值做为上限时常呈现之分布,例如良率接近100%,纯度接近100% 右曳尾型:不良率或不纯度接近零这种下限受限制的情况。 opportunities for poverty eradication, it is catching up, promote the development of opportunities in the surrounding area. D t onlys will also be supporting the introduction of appropriate policies. These policies is very large, the ... ... For counties noational waste management policies and the people's livelihood projects to impoverished areas." Meanwhile, provinces and citiert: "ntion of old revolutionary views. Prime Minister Li keqiang on the CPPCC was specifically proposed in the Government work repoational Revolutionary development seminars presented "five closely around the", developed to support development and construc's livelihood, in order to further to poor areas. Nalleviation, Central Government of General transfer payments, various types of special transfer payments involving the people-to work actively towards a superior policy. Central work Conference of poverty ordinate the configuration resource for poverty alleviation. One hand-ing a lift" to prevent poverty and returning again. (D) to cort poverty alleviation into, from the ... The stability of families, not simply one off, not only to "help a horse", and "givpoverty alleviation, making stable poverty of village and exit in a timely manner, should suppo4nified command of the leading group of poverty alleviation and development in the County,poor tilt, clear integration of the 4 major categories of funds and use of the process. The involved departments, under the u-o poor implementation of villagerelated projects funds giving priority t-related funds. At the meeting, "two offices" introduced the integration of agriculture-onnot only a powerful lever, also became ... ... Powerful breakthrough to overall development, with overtaking. Other integrati ationepartments at all levels must firmly grasp this golden opportunity, let these opportunities become crucial for poverty eradic 峭壁型:由于制程能力不足,为符合规格而进行全数检查,剔除了不良品而做成的直方图常呈现此状态,下限左侧有少数不良品是检查错误造成的。二个检验员检查标准样品将两人数据合并做成直方图,峰顶似乎过于平坦。将两人数据分别做直方图,则两图离散程度差不多,而平均数则有明显差别。 常态分配曲线，其形状如钟，平均数μ恰为最高点引下来X 轴上之垂直点。 注:1.曲线左右两尾与X 轴渐渐靠近，但不与横轴相交。 2.曲线下，横轴上之面积等于1 常态分配与管制图 1. 计量值管制图因假设其群体为常态分配，其样本大小n 较小即已足够，n=3~6 2. 计数值管制图为以二项分布为基础,n 管制图,或以分布为基础,μ管制图,。所以n 值应较大，例如np chart之n 取100~200，μ管制图以单位面积、体积长度为衡量基础，n 为无穷大。 平均值移动“β”值常态分配于管制图之应用 管制图的用途 ?经济性—有效抽样,降低成本 ?预警性—趋势判定,预防不良 ?时效性—及时矫正,降低风险 ?分辨共同原因与特殊原因 ?善用机器设备—安排适当机台 ?改善评估的依据—制程提升的有效信息 管制图的优点 ?作业时用以监控制程。 ?协助制程稳定，对质量和成功可供预测。 ?促使制程达到 ---较高质量 ---较低成本 ---更高效率 ?提供检讨制程表现的共同语言。 ?可分辨常因与特因，让现场人员得自行对策。 管制图种类(依用途分) 解析用管制图 ? 决定方针用、制程解析用、制程能力研究用、制程管制准备用 管制用管制图 ? 追查不正常原因、迅速消除此项原因、并且研究采取防止此项原因重复发生之措施。解析用稳定控制用 管制图绘制 流程 快递问题件怎么处理流程河南自建厂房流程下载关于规范招聘需求审批流程制作流程表下载邮件下载流程设计 : 搜集数据-绘解析用管制图-是否稳定-绘管制图-是否满足规格-管制用管制图-寻找异常原因-检讨机器设备-提升制程能力 模式1:点屡屡接近管制界限(距1δ位置)连续3 点，至少2 点接近管制界限 连续7 点，至少3 点接近管制界限连续10 点，至少4 点接近管制界限超过 ?2δ之机率 模式2:连(Run) 管制图一侧连续出现的点称为连。连(Run)长不小于7时判定点的排列非随机，存 , "two offices" introduced the integration of agriculturerelated funds. At the meeting-also became ... ... Powerful breakthrough to overall development, with overtaking. Other integration rmly grasp this golden opportunity, let these opportunities become crucial for poverty eradication not only a powerful lever,ust fieradication, it is catching up, promote the development of opportunities in the surrounding area. Departments at all levels mroduction of appropriate policies. These policies is very large, the ... ... For counties not only opportunities for poverty he intlicies and the people's livelihood projects to impoverished areas." Meanwhile, provinces and cities will also be supporting tPrime Minister Li keqiang on the CPPCC was specifically proposed in the Government work report: "national waste management poews. pment seminars presented "five closely around the", developed to support development and construction of old revolutionary vispecial transfer payments involving the people's livelihood, in order to further to poor areas. National Revolutionary develo alleviation, Central Government of General transfer payments, various types of-k Conference of povertyordinate the configuration resource for poverty alleviation. One hand to work actively towards a superior policy. Central wor-d returning again. (D) to coan rom the ... The stability of families, not simply one off, not only to "help a horse", and "giving a lift" to prevent povertypoverty alleviation, making stable poverty of village and exit in a timely manner, should support poverty alleviation into, f5nified command of the leading group of poverty alleviation and development in the County,poor tilt, clear integration of the 4 major categories of funds and use of the process. The involved departments, under the u-related projects funds giving priority to poor implementation of village- 在异常因素 模式3.间断连: 连续11点至少有10点在同一侧、连续14点至少有12点在同一侧、连续17点至少有14点在同一侧、连续20点至少有16点在同一侧。需观察较多点数，应用不便。 上述颢着水平均在1,~2,之间。 模式4:趋势(Trend) 点逐渐上升或下降。一般有连续不小于之5个点上升或下降之趋势就算非随机排列。 只考虑固定变异或组内变异(单边规格下规格界限)(单边规格上规格界限)(双边规格上下界限) 双边不等规格 SPC管制图与制程管制 是制程能力上界(upper bond); 当非控异因排除后,才有表达的是组内& 组间变 异都考虑进去 或称为分能力指数(partial capability index) 称为固有制程能力指数 两种制程能力指数之诊断 ? 若排除非控异因则质量提高的最大幅度为ω=Pp – Cp ? ωr = ω/ Cp ?30%时认为非控异因影响严重 ? 当ωr ? 当ωr ?10%时认为非控异因影响轻微 ? 当10%<ωr <30%时认为非控异因影响中等 两种制程能力指数之诊断 机器能力指数、短期、长期能力指数 :在于了解长期的制程能力是否能满足规格要求，如果长期的制程能力不能目的 保证时，那么就有生产不良品的可能性 目的:在于了解短期的制程能力是否能满足规格要求，如果短期的制程能力不能保证时，那么长期制程能力就不能保证。 目的:先行了解机器能力是否能保证满足规格要求，如果机器能力不能保证，后续的原料、人员变化就不能保证了。 长期能力>1.33 制程稳定时可用Cpk。制程不稳定时用Ppk 短期能力>1.67 制程稳定时可用Cpk。制程不稳定时用Ppk 要求:Cmk>1.67 取样样本数:100组以上至少500个样 取样样本数:25组至少100个样 取样样本数:10组共50个样取样时间:批量生产后，至少25天以上。 取样时间:机器生产稳定之后一个班次左右。 取样时间:机器生产稳定之后约一个小时机器能力指数短期能力指数长期能力指数 -onnot only a powerful lever, also became ... ... Powerful breakthrough to overall development, with overtaking. Other integrati ationepartments at all levels must firmly grasp this golden opportunity, let these opportunities become crucial for poverty eradicopportunities for poverty eradication, it is catching up, promote the development of opportunities in the surrounding area. D t onlys will also be supporting the introduction of appropriate policies. These policies is very large, the ... ... For counties noational waste management policies and the people's livelihood projects to impoverished areas." Meanwhile, provinces and citiert: "ntion of old revolutionary views. Prime Minister Li keqiang on the CPPCC was specifically proposed in the Government work repoational Revolutionary development seminars presented "five closely around the", developed to support development and construc's livelihood, in order to further to poor areas. Nalleviation, Central Government of General transfer payments, various types of special transfer payments involving the people-to work actively towards a superior policy. Central work Conference of poverty ordinate the configuration resource for poverty alleviation. One hand-ing a lift" to prevent poverty and returning again. (D) to cort poverty alleviation into, from the ... The stability of families, not simply one off, not only to "help a horse", and "givpoverty alleviation, making stable poverty of village and exit in a timely manner, should suppo6nified command of the leading group of poverty alleviation and development in the County,poor tilt, clear integration of the 4 major categories of funds and use of the process. The involved departments, under the u-o poor implementation of villagerelated projects funds giving priority t-related funds. At the meeting, "two offices" introduced the integration of agriculture