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中西跨文化交际课程情景案例分析!175中西跨文化交际课程情景案例分析!175 Unit 1 Language and Culture in Communication Theory Communication is something we do every day. It takes place so naturally that we simply fail to notice it until it hiccups or breaks down. Though it is commonplace, it is no exaggeration t...

中西跨文化交际课程情景案例分析!175
中西跨文化交际课程情景案例 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 !175 Unit 1 Language and Culture in Communication Theory Communication is something we do every day. It takes place so naturally that we simply fail to notice it until it hiccups or breaks down. Though it is commonplace, it is no exaggeration to say that communication is life and life is communication.1.When you join a social gathering, you must be aware of rules and procedures that govern the way things are going to proceed. There is a technical term for such rules and procedures—schema. 2. Face and politeness are two other areas which are extremely value—sensitive. One of the distinctive features of Chinese politeness is self—denigration and other—elevation. Case 1: Litz is a professor of cross—cultural communication in a university in Finland. She invited her Chinese students home for an evening party.The schema from Litz’s point of view includes the following: 1. Giving invitation: by phone / by mail 2. Prepare everything before the arrival of guests 3. Receiving guests: open the door / express welcome / take their overcoats / introduce guests / offer them drinks / make them comfortable 4. Serving food: set the table / soup first / main course / desert 5. Post dinner activities: chat / play music / offer more drinks6. Seeing guests off: thank them for coming / good night Litz’s evening party was not very successful, because she was upset by one of her guests. Here was the initial conversation between Litz and Lin: Litz: (opens the door) Oh, Lin, how nice you could come! Lin: It’s not difficult to find your house. Litz: Come on in. Lin: (comes in) Litz: Can I take your coat? Lin: No, thanks. Litz: Ok, this way please. Lin: (take off her coat and hangs it) Analysis: Litz was hurt because Lin did not let her hang her coat. Litz’s offering to hang Lin’s coat is one of Litz’s ways (it’s on Litz’s schema). On Lin’s side, she thought that Litz was her supervisor and that it was inappropriate to let her supervisor hang her coat. Here we have an instance of one action attached with different cultural values. Case 2: Finding an Interested Buyer Georage Hall was in Beijing attending a trade fair and looking for an opportunity to do business in China. He had been very successful in his business dealings in the US and prided himself on his ability “to get things moving.” His first day was going well .He looked around at the displays of sporting equipment to get some idea of whom he might approach. He was sure that his products, tennis rackets with an unusual new design, would arouse some interests. On the second day he approached the company which he felt would be most responsive to his products. He introduced himself to the general, a Mr. Li. Since he had read that Chinese find getting down to business immediately too abrupt and rude, he began a casual conversation, eventually leading up to the topic of his products and suggesting how Mr. Li’s company might benefit from using them. George then suggested that he could arrange to get together with Mr. Li and provide more specifics and documentation on his products.Mr. Li responded in fairly good English,” That would be interesting.”Knowing that he had only a few days left in Beijing, George wanted to nail down a time,” When can we meet?” asked George. “Ah. This week is very busy,” replied Mr. Li. “It sure is,” said George,” How about 10 o’clock? Meet you here.” “Tomorrow at 10 o’clock?” asked Mr. Li thoughtfully. “Right,” said George, “I’ll see you then?” “Hmm, yes; why don’t you come by tomorrow,” was the reply. “OK,” responded George,” It was nice meeting you.” The next day at 10 o’clock he approached Mr. Li’s company’s exhibit only to find that Mr. Li had some important business and was not able to meet with George. He called back later in the day and was told that Mr. Li was not available. 英美人士做事情讲究守讲。而中人不太重讲讲方面。本案列中~李先生不讲国Analysis: 没有准讲接讲讲讲的客讲~甚至放了他“讲子”。 Case3: Professor Liang has written a book on Chinese culture in Chinese. His book is put on display in Beijing International Book Fair’ 96. Professor Liang would like to have his book translated into English and submitted to Thompson Publishers. Professor Liang has asked Li Yan, whom he meets regularly in the English Corner, to help him to talk to Peter Allright, a Thompson representative. 奥莱特先生~讲是鄙人的拙作。Prof. Liang: Li Tan: Mr. Allright, this a clumsy book written by your humble servant.Mr Allright: No, no, no, you're not my humble servant. We do not publish books in Chinese. 不~不~不~不是我的人~我讲不出中文讲。你仆Li Yan (to Professor Liang): 我要讲李讲讲成英文。翻Professor Liang: Li Yan (to Mr. Allright): Professor Liang will ask me to translate it into English.Mr. Allright: Mm that’s interesting. Analysis: Chinese authors almost always belittle their works by describing them as clumsy writings, and they use the same description when they present them to Chinese publishers. But this will be counter—productive in English. Instead, authors should point out the merits of their works rather than “clumsiness”.Unit 2 Culture Shock Theory: 1. Culture shock can be described as the feeling of confusion and disorientation that one experiences when faced with a large number of new and unfamiliar people and situations. 2. There is a desire for independence and separateness, found in foreigners' needs for their own privacy and autonomy 3. Hospitality means the cordial and generous reception of or disposition toward guests. 4. Politeness refers to the consideration for others, tact, and observance of accepted social usage. 5. Privacy could be understood as the right of an individual to self-determination as to the degree to which the individual is willing to share with others information about himself. Case 1: Jane, an American teacher in the US, had just started teaching English to a group of Japanese students. She wanted to get to know the students more formally, so she invited them to her house for party. The students all arrived together at exactly 8:00 p.m. They seemed to enjoy the party: they danced, sang, and ate most of the food. At about 10:00 p.m, one of the students said to the teacher, “I think it’s time for me to leave. Thank you very much for the party.” Then all the other students got up to go, and all left at the same time. Jane decided she would never invite them again! 在日本以及其他多的讲洲家里~年讲人通常成群讲讲的一起去加一很国参Analysis: 些社交聚~然后一道去。在他讲看讲是正常不讲的事。然后会离来很讲讲讲是一讲侮Jane 辱~因讲他讲在同一讲讲里一下子全部讲了。在美以及其他一些英讲家~讲上离国国10 点讲一聚相讲讲是比讲早的。离个会来 Case 2: Four Secretaries and Their Jobs Four classmates from a top Chinese university all took jobs as secretaries after graduation. Five years later the four former classmates had a reunion and discussed their jobs. Chen Qi and Dai Yun both work as bilingual secretaries for a Finnish company in Beijing. Chen Qi is secretary to the Finn general manger, and Dai Yun is secretary to the Chinese local manger, a position only slightly lower than that of the Finn manger. Zhang Ying is from a politically prominent family and was hired as the secretary to the leader of a small government bureau in the capital city of her home province. Lu Yan works for a state run enterprise in the same city where she was hired as the secretary to the new manager for international marketing. The company has never marketed its products abroad before so this office and Lu Yan’s position are new to the company. Five years later Chen Qi is satisfied with her job with the Finnish company but Dai Yun is not. The Finn manager receives orders from the company’s home office in Finland, and he gives orders to those below him in China, including his secretary Chen Qi. He tells her how he wants his time scheduled and she then makes appointments for him according to his instructions. She translates memos and other documents and interprets from Chinese to English to Chinese. If the manager does not think Chen Qi has done her work well, he tells her right away. He is very demanding, but Chen Qi feels that she knows what her duties are and knows what her manager expects. She is confident that she is doing a good job. Dai Yun often does not have as much work to do as Chen Qi does, because her boss schedules his own appointments and does a lot of the office paperwork himself. When he is out of town she has time to study for the graduate entrance exam. However, she is not sure whether or not she is doing a good job. Her manager tells her what she is expected to do, but he does this day by day. When people call or come to the office to see her boss, she greets them in English or Chinese as necessary. She receives their memos and other messages as well as their questions and requests and passes them on to her manager. Dai Yun thinks of her job as doing what her manager wants her to do. She pays close attention to his moods and behavior, and sometimes she is able to anticipate what he would like without him telling her. ,讲多中人在外企工作~不同家的外企讲讲有不同的工作作讲和讲准。本国国Analysis 案列中~戴云讲不同的外上司做秘讲~在工作中出讲由于不同的文化突而引起国冲 的各讲工作以及通中的讲讲就常讲了。沟很 Case 3: One cold winter day in a Chinese city, Wang Lin on his way to the library met an American professor who knew very little about China. After greeting him, Wang said: “It’s rather cold. You’d better put on more clothes.” But the professor didn’t appear happy on hearing this. 美人以及大部分西方家的人讲不喜讲被告知要讲做讲做~他讲比讲国国怎怎Analysis: 喜讲立~然而中人讲讲讲讲心讲人~讲案例中王林的建讲表的就是一讲讲他人的讲独国个达 心~可是美授却不讲讲讲讲的表。国教达 Case 4: In a good restaurant, fourteen people are gathered to say goodbye to their professor, who is moving to another university. Steven: May I have your attention please? I’d like to call upon Ben to say a few words. Ben: Thank you, Steven. Professor Shore, colleagues: Tonight is one of those paradoxes --- it’s a sad time and yet it’s a happy time. Sad, because. We are losing one of our best professors; happy because we are pleased to see Professor Shore gain the recognition that he richly deserves.I’m not sure who will be able to control us and keep us in line. I think the new professor will have a difficult time. And surely no one will be able to tell jokes in the same way as you, Professor. Seriously, we all know that you will be difficult to replace. Your scholarly approach and your dedication will always be remembered. I would therefore like to propose a toast. Colleagues, pelase charge your glasses. Professor Shore, may your future be filled will great success, and may you always remember us. We know we will never forget you. To Professor Shore! All: (Standing up) To Professor Shore! (Everyone drinks. Professor Shore remains seated and smiles at them all.) ,就餐讲讲是要在各讲讲由下向人敬酒,可以是非正式的~向朋友或同事敬Analysis 酒~也可以是正式的~向全聚的人敬酒。中式的敬酒大不相同的是~在体会与国 西方正式的敬酒讲~受敬的人是不能喝酒的~而是正襟危坐~眼讲讲看讲人喝酒。两 另个一不同是,无讲正式讲是非正式~敬酒的人不必走讲去敬酒~而是在自己的座 位讲站起敬酒。敬酒讲讲始的讲言永讲是,“向…”~而其他敬酒的人重讲敬酒人来随 的第一句讲;“向…”,~ 然后喝一口酒。敬酒讲如果讲了杯~讲了敬讲~而讲讲上即 没会很有喝酒~就被看做十分不恭的行讲~在久以前甚至于被讲讲是一讲侮辱~是 不想加入敬酒的讲式。 Case 5: An American went to Chinese home. He was offered some tea. Just when the first cup was about to finish, more tea was added. The visitor drank the second cup. Then the cup was filled the third time. Then he drank it, then… until the visitor was quite full. Why? 在中的讲讲文化讲俗里~主人通常不讲客人倒水倒茶~或者不地讲国会断断Analysis: 客人的讲子里加食物以表示他的讲情好客。面讲的讲讲的情~中客人知道如何讲理况国~ 在他讲讲得吃讲喝足之后~就放在上。而美客人就不了~在美~在会随它桌国懂国 自己的讲子里剩下食物是不貌的~于是他出于遵循美文化理念可能在讲讲的礼国会 招待中吃的讲多。 Case 6: Dinner with Friend Janice is a young American engineer working for a manufacturing joint venture near Nanjing. She and her husband George, who is teaching English at a university, are learning Chinese and enjoying their new life .They have been eager to get to know Chinese people better so they were pleased when Liu Lingling , Janice’s young co-worker invited them to her home for dinner. ~When Janice and George arrivedLingling introduced them to her husband Yang Feng , asked them to sit down at a table containing 8 plates of various cold dishes, served them tea and then disappeared with her husband into the kitchen. After a few minutes Lingling came back and added water to their tea. Janice offered to help in the kitchen but Lingling said she didn’t need help. She invited the couple to look at their new CD player and their colorful TV and then disappeared again. A half-hour later she came back and sat down and the three began to eat. Yang Feng came in from time to time to put dish after hot dish on the table. Most of the food was wonderful but neither George nor Janice could eat the fatty pork in pepper sauce or the ea cucumbers, and there was much more than they could eat. They kept wishing Yang Feng would sit down so they could talk to him .Finally he did sit down to eat a bit ,but quickly turned on the TV to show them all its high teching features. Soon it was time to go home. George and Janice felt slightly depressed by this experience, but returned the invitation two weeks later. They decided to make a nice American meal and felt lucky to find olives, tomato juice, crackers and as appetizers. For the main course they prepared spaghetti and a salad with dressing made from oil, vinegar, and some spices they found in the market. When Liu Lingling and Yang Feng arrived they were impressed by the apartment and asked the price of the TV, video player, vacuum cleaner and other things. Janice politely refused to answer their questions. They took small tastes of the appetizers and seemed surprised when both George and Janice sat down with them. They ate only a little spaghetti and did not finish the salad on their plates. George urged them to eat more but they refused and looked around expectantly. Junice and George talked about their families and jobs and asked the table and served coffee and pastries. Yang Feng and Lingling each put four spoons of sugars into their coffee but did not drink much of it and ate only a bite or two of pastry. After they left, George said that at least they had a chance to talk, but Janice was upset. “We left their place so full that we couldn’t walk and they’re going to have to eat again when they get home. What went wrong? ,中西方讲食讲讲大大的不同。中人邀讲客人准讲一大子的菜~在就国会桌并Analysis 餐讲程中使讲讲讲客人多吃点~吃完之后~ 讲有剩菜~就表明主人的盛情款待。而西 方人一不讲吃~二就餐完讲后~讲子最好是空的。本案列中的讲中外夫讲不明讲文两个 化差~讲生讲解就是自然而然的事了。异 Case 7: After the meal and after the table has been cleared. Liu is not sure what to do, but wants to help in some way. At least he wants to offer. Helen: Thanks for your help, Huang. Liu: Pleasure. What can I do now? Helen: Nothing. It’s fine. I’ll rinse these dishes then stack them. It’ll only take a minute. Liu: Does the family usually help? Helen: Well, at special times. Jack sometimes rinses the dishes but you can see he’s really tired tonight. Liu: Let me do it for you. Helen: No truly, it’s okay. Liu: Maybe I can wipe the table then. Helen: That would be helpful. Thanks. You’re really kind, Huang. ,在西方人家中的就餐的讲讲里~大家都讲法手一下忙~便是男士插帮即Analysis 也不例外~不要一点不讲着讲讲。所有家住者要能者讲讲餐具~或餐后收拾洗碗~帮 把餐具放讲洗碗机~倒~站在一讲着擦干洗好的餐具。讲然都是小忙~却表垃圾帮 明讲讲人的操讲非常在意~是用心的人。你个 Case 8: Two strangers have been chatting. A: So you’re been here for a year? B: Yes. One more year to go, then I’ll go back to china. A: What will you do back home? B: It’s hard to know. There’s a lot change at the moment. A: Yeah. Everything is changing, everywhere. Sometimes it’s difficult to keep up.B: That’s true. Maybe I’ll… (A’s mobile phone rings.) A: Excuse me, I’d better answer this. It’s probably work. B: Sure. Take your time. ,有讲在人交讲中~讲免要有什讲原因要讲一~或是去接一讲讲~与离会儿个Analysis 或要去洗手讲。貌再此被提出。出于貌起讲~要讲住做一些恰解讲再讲。不礼来礼当离 管理由是什讲~便是要接一手机讲讲~在打讲讲讲回讲前~向讲方讲讲不起。即个声 如果只讲分讲~有必要一理由。讲了讲不起~就表明讲是有事要讲离几没找个你你确离 一。会儿 Case 9: Liu Huang is calling his friend Steven at his home. Person: Hello. John is speaking. Liu: Hello? I’m looking for Steven. Person: Sorry, there’s no one here called Steven. Liu: Is that 6577 8868? Person: No. I think you’ve got the wrong number. This is 6578 8868.Liu: Oh, I’m sorry. Person: No problem. Good luck. Liu: Thanks. ,失手讲讲讲是常有的事。如果在外~便有讲言障碍~害讲英讲~也讲号国即怕Analysis 是要先讲方核讲是不是讲讲了~然后再道。如果讲讲讲讲了讲就讲上讲讲~是不貌与歉号挂礼 的行讲。 Case 10: Lin: Thank you so much for a wonderful night. I’ve had a great time. Erica: It’s been a pleasure having you. We hope you can come again, soon.Lin: I’d like that. You both know how to make me feel at home. Thanks for everything. ,在讲身去的讲候~到主人~面讲一讲讲~是有貌的行讲。离找当声礼Analysis Case 11: Off to a Bad Start David Hu had just started working for the foreign owned company. He was sitting at his workstation but had not been given any assignment that he should be doing at this moment. He was relaxing and waiting and then thought he would take the opportunity to have a look around. He poked his head into several offices just to see what there was to be seen. Suddenly Mr. Parker came up to him and angrily asked him what he was doing. David Hu was embarrassed. He laughed and quickly started to move back toward his workstation. This did not seem to satisfy Mr. Parker who started to talk rapidly and angrily. Hoping to calm him down, Mr.Hu smiled and apologized, trying to explain that he was trying to learn more about the department. However, Mr. Parker got even angrier. Finally, another worker came by and calmed him down, but Mr. Parker left, he still looked angry. Mr.Hu sighed; he knew he had made a bad start but still didn’t understand why. ,外人讲究讲私讲~一般不允讲自己的私人空讲受到打讲。而中人比讲喜国很国Analysis 讲看讲讲~想知道讲人在做什讲。所以在本案列中~先生未讲允讲就在公司四讲走讲~吴 引起其他讲工的强烈不讲。 Case 12: Sharing the Wealth Anna Bilow had been working for a Chinese-owned and operated company in Nanjing for about six months. The division she was working in had a small collection of Chinese-English dictionaries, English language reference books, and some videos in English including a couple of training films and several feature films that Anna had brought at her new employer’s request when she came from Europe. Anna knew that some of the other sections had similar collections. She had sometimes used her friendship with one of the women in another department, Gu Ming, to borrow English novels and reference books and in turn had let Gu Ming borrow books from her section’s collection. On other occasions, she had seen friendly, noisy exchanges, where one of the other workers in her division had lent a book or video to a colleague from another section. Anna thought it was a great idea when a memo was circulated saying that the company’s leaders had decided to collect all the English language materials together into a single collection. The plan was to put them in a small room that was currently being used for storage so that all employees could have equal access to them. Now she would no longer have to go from department to department trying to find the materials she needed. Anna was surprised to hear her co-workers complaining about the new policy. When the young man in charge came to the department to collect their English language materials, she was astounded to see them hiding most of the books and all but one of the videos in their desks. When she checked out the new so-called collection, she found that the few items were all outdated or somehow damaged. She also noticed that none of the materials she had borrowed from Gu Ming were in the collection. She asked her friend why the Chinese were unwilling to share their English language materials with all their co-workers, when they seemed willing to share them within their departments. 西方人讲讲私方面有讲多禁忌~中人讲自我讲私的保讲也十分国注重~但是Analysis: 两将来者之讲存在讲大差讲。西方人讲于自己的讲籍和整理的讲料拿出讲朋友和同事共 享~而在中~便是朋友讲~人讲也不国即与愿意人共享自己的讲籍和讲料。由于讲讲讲 料共享的讲念不同~案例中才会将讲以理解讲明等同事自己的讲料~讲籍藏起Anna 来的做法。 Unit 3 What’s in a Name? Theory: 1. Chinese and British people call each other with titles in different ways. 2. Kin terms are used in family members, but it differs between westerns and Chinese people. Case 1: A British tourist is traveling by train in China. Sitting opposite him is a Chinese passenger. They introduce themselves to each other… British tourist: Hello, I’m Eric Jackson. Glad to meet you. Chinese passenger: Hello, my name is Liu Xin. I’m glad to meet you, too. Where do you come from, Mr. Eric? British tourist: I’m from Britain. Please just call me Eric, Mr. Xin.Chinese passenger: And you may just call me Liu Xin. Analysis: Both of them have taken each other’s given name for the surname, since the order of the surnames of Chinese and English names are just the opposite. As in both cultures a title is usually used with the surname, they feel unnatural when their given names are used with the titles. According to British custom it’s quite normal for persons who first meet to address each other by their given names alone, whereas here, when people first meet, they usually address each other by their full names and never by their given names alone. Case 2: A British tourist is visiting a Chinese family. The Chinese hostess introduces herself and her husband to guest… Chinese hostess: Welcome to my home. My name is Cai Hong, and this is my husband. British tourist: Thank you, Mrs. Cai. It’s a pleasure to meet you, Mrs. Cai. I’m Lucy Taylor. Chinese hostess: Have a seat, Madam Lucy. Analysis: The British tourist thinks that Cai Hong’s surname is her husband’s surname, since she is unaware of the fact that in China women still use their own surname after marriage. Cai Hong thinks that ‘madam’ is a respectful term of address for any female English-speaker, unaware of the fact that in Britain it is usually used by someone who is providing a service such as a shop assistant to a customer or a policeman to a member of the public as in ‘Can I help you, madam?’ It is never used as a title before someone’s name. She also mistakes the given name for the surname.Case 3: Lin Mei is a Chinese student who is now studying at a university in America. Her seven-year-old daughter Jiajia is with her and studies in a primary school. They have been in America for three years. Wang Xiaohong is a Chinese visiting scholar at the same university as Lin Mei and the two get on well with each other. Wang Xiaohong sometimes feels lonely since she has been in America for only two months, so she sometimes visits Lin Mei’s family. One day she came to visit them. Below is their conversation. 佳佳~讲讲在家讲你,Wang Xiaohong: 在。讲讲~小讲阿姨找你。Jiajia: 王讲~讲坐。我教您来啦儿真懂礼女不貌。佳佳~以后要叫王阿姨。Lin Mei: Analysis: The combination of the term of address Xiaohong Ayi (given name + Auntie) reflects the mixture of the two cultures. On the one hand we have the extended use of kin terms preceded by a person’s name, conventionally surname, e.g. Wang + Auntie, in Chinese culture. On the other we have the conventional use of kin terms followed by given names e.g. Auntie + Xiaohong, in the culture of English—speaking countries. In other words, it shows the combination of Chinese sequence, i.e. name + kin term and English use of given name. Since Jiajia has lived in America for three years, she must have been strongly influenced by the foreign culture despite the influence of Chinese culture from her mother and other Chinese. So from Jiajia’s point of view it is appropriate and polite to call Wang Xiaohong Xiaohong Ayi. However, Lin Mei, as an adult, still sticks to the Chinese culture when dealing with a Chinese who came to America only recently; and according to Chinese culture, it is impolite for child to address an adult by using his or her given name.Unit 4 Social Interaction Theory: Social interaction is one of the most common interactions between people. Cultural differences can lead to difficulties when foreigners and Chinese meet. Such differences can cause misunderstanding, unsatisfactory interaction and even unpleasant physical reactions. Different expectations exist, governing what is considered appropriate, polite and respectful. Expectation can also differ regarding privacy, and the directness and indirectness with which people should express themselves. Case1: Erica goes to a small dinner party to which she and a friend have been invited. Her host, Mrs. Penny meets them at the door of her home. Penny: Hello, Erica. Welcome. Please come in. Erica: Thank you. John, I’d like to introduce Mrs. Penny Roberts. Penny, this is my friend John Pernot. Penny: Hello, John. Welcome. John: Hello, Mrs. Roberts. Penny: Please call me Penny. Now do come inside and sit down. ,在介讲讲~先介讲讲是有些讲矩的~弄不好讲生讲。会会学来并但起不讲。一般Analysis 的讲矩是,首先介讲女性~男女主人~讲或不太来熟的人。 Case2: Erica: Professor Honda, may I introduce my classmate Steven Jacobs. Steven, this is my professor of literature. Prof: Nice to meet you, Steven. Steven: Thank you. It’s a pleasure to meet you, Professor Honda. Etica has talked a lot about you. Porf: All good, I hope. ,在西方~讲年讲的人将介讲讲年讲讲大的人以表示讲后者的尊重。讲也适用于讲Analysis 社地位的会个教两学教称考讲。如果有三人,一位授~位生。授的名要先被提起~ 同讲讲他接受向一位生的另学学介讲~然后再把第二位生介讲讲他。 Case 3: When my wife introduced me to a tourist from Canada, I shook hands with him and used my business card. And he seemed embarrassed. ,西方人通常不像中人和日本人国那讲在介讲讲彼此讲送名片。他讲通常只有Analysis 在商讲活讲中才使用名片。 Case 4: A Frenchman took part in a party; the host didn’t introduce him to others. But the Frenchman chatted with one of the guests. The others became angry. ,西方人在一起的讲候~如果当两个另个个遇到一人~通常要把在讲每一Analysis 人介讲一遍。如果新加入的人有被没个来会介讲就同其中一人聊了起~其他的人就 讲讲讲人的行讲有貌。两个没礼 Case 5: When Lin met a lady from America, he didn’t know whether he should shake hands with her or not, but having taken politeness into consideration, he reached out his hand. ,如果一位男士拿不准是否要一位与女士握手~最好先等讲位女士把手Analysis 伸出。来 Case 6: Erica: Hello! Thank for coming. Here, let me take your coat. Lin: Hello. Thanks. Here’s some wine for you. Erica: That’s lovely. You really shouldn’t have, Lin. Thank you. Let’s go in and meet the others. ,无讲讲方讲是西方~去做客讲要讲点物。无讲儿礼会赴讲讲是讲宴~讲甁葡萄酒讲Analysis 是适宜的。有些西方人讲女主人讲些花儿礼你礼~或是巧克力。呈上物的讲候~讲的 物低讲讲理~就是讲~不要太多地讲讲的物。上面的你礼礼范例是~受的主人倒要讲上 两句~以表讲意。 Case 7: Two colleagues are at work. Karen: What are you doing for Christmas? Li: Some friends have invited me to stay with them over Christmas.Karen: That’s great! I guess you’ll experience a western-style Christmas then?Li: Yeah. It’s good, isn’t it? Maybe you can help. I’d like to take something but I’m not sure what. Karen: Do your friends have any children? Li: Mmmm. Two, I think. One’s 6 and the other’s a little younger, I think.Karen: Well you can’t go wrong if you take a gift for each of them. Wrap them up and put them under the Christmas tree. Li: Such as? Karen: Maybe a box of Christmas candy. Li: That’s a great idea! Karen: Well, I have to go now, Li. Merry Christmas. Li: Merry Christmas to you, Karen. Thanks for your help. ,物都要在讲前礼圣圣礼包好放在讲讲下~要在讲讲那天打讲。客人送的物也Analysis 会礼圣装个同家人的一起方在讲下。物都要富有讲色彩的讲包~放上一小讲讲;名讲,~ 上有写礼送的人和接收物的人的名字。 Case 8: Erica: Lin, do have some more dessert. Lin: Thank you, but I’m afraid I’ve had enough. It’s wonderful. ,同世界上其他家的人一讲~西方人也好客。他讲也讲是想讲客人吃得国很Analysis 多多的。所有讲在餐上学会怎桌很婉言讲讲有用讲。 Case 9: Linhua has accompanied an American delegation to visit China. They have experienced the hospitality of the Chinese people. After returning to America, Linhua once visited them. They were so glad to meet again. Linhua offered to host the meal, but they refused. They ordered their own dish, and Linhua ordered her own. When footing the bill, they only paid their part, and no one wanted to pay for Linhua. Linhua found them so inhospitable, though she knew the Americans would usually pay for their own food. ,在中~讲了表示讲情好客~人讲国会往往讲客人在自己家里吃讲~要是在Analysis 外就餐讲~主人也讲着讲客人讲讲。而在美~讲了表示会国与独平等立~就餐讲~人讲一 般都讲行制~各付各的讲。AA Case 10: A famous Chinese actress married a German. One day when she was acting, her husband was there watching, saying again and again that she was the best actress. The actress’ colleagues present asked her afterwards to tell her husband not to praise his own wife like that in public. On learning this, the German wondered what he did wrong. Once the actress and her husband were talking with their Chinese friends at a party, her husband politely praised a Chinese lady on her beauty. The lady’ husband said that his wife was moderately good looking when young, but now she was old and no longer so. The lady nodded in agreement with a smile. The actress’ husband was surprised. ,在西方家里~家国很庭成讲之讲互相讲美是正常的事情~被讲美者通常也Analysis 会很国很个感到愉快。但是中人似乎少在公共讲所讲美自己的家人。在第二例子中~ 西方文化里讲讲讲自己的家人看上去很称你个老~讲讲的讲法是不合适的。讲“有一漂 亮的妻子”在西方家里是自然的也是被国很国高度欣讲的~而在中同讲的讲美或讲 会当被讲讲是不妥的~尤其在年讲者面前。 Unit 5 Role and Relationships Theory: There are different expectations towards different roles between males and females, parents and children, and among friends in different cultures. For instance, different values in child-rearing, family relationship, friendship and so on.Case 1: The Entrepreneur Charles was excited about his new promotion and transfer to China .He had done well in the marketing department of his company and had been promoted to assist the director of marketing at the company’s recently established operations in Shanghai. HE had studied a bit about Chinese, but so far had worked only in the United States and had little experience with Chinese individuals or culture. In the two months before relocating, Charles often went to the local university library to try to absorb all he could about China, its culture, and the ways of doing business. In addition, his company provided a week-long culture seminar just prior to his departure.After arriving in Shanghai, Charles found that his work was exciting and that marketing to the Chinese was a new challenge .During his culture seminar he had learned several concepts that were important in the Chinese business environment such as the concept of guanxi .HE had also learned about individualism .He felt he understood these concepts and was sure he would learn more. Because the marketing director had two assistants, Charles worked closely with Dashan, his Chinese was counterpart .Charles learned that Dashan came from a fairy influential family in the area. Dashan was quite motivated and worked very hard .to Charles it seemed that Dashan was quite “individualistic” as he worked hard for bonuses, was always going the extra mile, and had set a number of work related goals for himself. After a few months, Dashan left the company to start a venture of his own .Charles kept in touch with him and noticed that Dashan’s business was doing very well. One weekend, Dashan invited Charles for dinner .Many of Dashan’s relatives were present as well as some friends whom Charles had not met .Charels found that Dashan’s house was quite nice and equipped with many big-ticket consumer items ,such as a personal computer ,air-conditioning, and modern kitchen appliances ,Charles also learned that Dashan had recently bought a new car for his parents .It was clear that Dashan’s business was very profitable and successful .Dashan was managing it himself and already had 40 or 50 employees .It seemed to Charles that Dashan was doing quite a good job of being “individualistic.” 中西方人讲讲父母和孩子之讲讲系的理解有一定区讲。案例中~大山讲工作努Analysis: 力、拿讲金、跳槽、修房装子、讲父母讲新讲等都被讲讲人主讲强~讲了得到自个很Charles 己的利益才努力工作等。而在中人眼里~讲国父母讲房子~讲讲~努力工作以讲自己 父母讲上好日子都是孝讲的表讲。 Case 2: What is True Friendship? Yang Ruifang worked as a secretary in an Australian company in Melbourne. She became friendly with one of the Australian secretaries , a woman named Cathy Lane .The two usually ate lunch together and Yang Ruifang often asked Cathy for advice on problems she she faced adjusting to Australian society. Cathy gave her a lot of advice and helped her move from one apartment to another. Cathy went with Yang Ruifang to the Immigration Bureau several times to help sort out some problem. Yang Ruifang visited Cathy several times at home but did not invite Cathy to her apartment because she shared it with four other people .If they did not see each other over the weekend , they usually talked on the telephone. As Yang Ruifang was also preparing to take an English test, she was able to get a lot of help with English in this way. However, something seemed to be going wrong. Cathy seemed to be getting impatient, even a little cold .She started going out by herself at lunchtime instead of eating with Yang, and seemed reluctant to answer questions. Yang Ruifang was puzzled. She couldn’t imagine the problem was. 中西方文化差中~友讲的异国真定讲也是不同的~中人讲得正的朋友就讲讲Analysis: 非常便~随离很每天形影不~一起吃讲~一起讲物~在自己无聊或是心情不好的讲 候讲都可以好朋友随帮聊聊天~搬家的讲候叫上朋友一起忙~案例中的瑞芳就是讲 讲讲待他的秘讲而使感讲不自在。因讲在西方家~人讲讲友讲的国与国定讲中CathyCathy 不同~在他讲看~无讲是多讲讲来并密的朋友都讲讲先讲好~且讲讲有自己的私人空讲。 Case 3: Are You Mad at Me? Jeff was pleased to have been assigned an international student as his roommate in his second year at a small liberal arts college in the US. Ji Bing was an easy-going guy, a good listener, warm-hearted, and always ready for a new experience. He appreciated Jeff’s explanations of American life and unfamiliar language. Jeff didn’t think Ji Bing was any more difficult to get along with than the American roommate he had the year before, except that he seemed to want to study more than Jeff was used to and he sometimes borrowed Jeff’s things without asking first. One night Jeff was working on a project that required some artwork. Ji bing was at his desk studying for a test. Jeff’s scissors were just too dull to do the job, so he asked Ji bing, “Sorry to bother you while you’re studying, but could I use your scissors for a while?” Ji Bing said, “Sure, “opened his desk drawer and handed Jeff the scissors. “Thanks, thanks a lot,” Jeff said. A few minutes later Jeff decided that his roommate again; “Sorry to bug your again, but these crayons make this look like kindergarten. You know those colored pencils you have? Would it be OK if I used them for my project?”Ji Bing got up and got them off the shelf and said, “Help yourself,” and went back to reading as Jeff thanked him. After another few minutes Jeff said, “I must be driving you crazy, but have you got any glue or tape? Promise I’ll buy you another roll.” Ji bing handed Jeff a role of tape that was on his desk saying, “Use as much as you want. I don’t need it.” “Appreciate it,” mumbled Jeff as he went back to his project.Ji Bing went back to his reading. As Jeff was finishing his project he noticed that Ji Bing was watching him. He looked up and was surprised to hear his Chinese roommate ask him in a plaintive tone, “Are you angry at me?” “Of course not,” Jeff replied, “What makes you think that?” 中西方文化中~好朋友之讲的交讲用讲也有差讲。在我讲看~向好朋友来借Analysis: 用讲西是不需要用客或正式的讲言甚至是不很气很需要打招呼~如果好朋友讲用客 气会气国的讲言借用或是讲讲某事的讲~讲讲是讲外~或者是生了讲方了的。而在西方家~ 即很很气便是再讲密的朋友~借用讲西都要用正式客的讲言。 Unit 6 Non-verbal Communication Theory: Non-verbal communication deals with how we communicate without words and how the effectiveness of what we say can be helped or hindered by the various non-verbal message our bodies send. When we communicate with people from other cultures, our body language sometimes helps make the communication easier and more effective, such as by shaking hands when greeting others. This has become such a universal gesture that people all over the world know that it is a signal for greeting.Case 1: In a Chinese classroom a girl was asked to answer a question. She stood up and smiled, without making any sound. When an American is parking his bicycle and the bicycle accidentally falls over, he feels embarrassed at his awkwardness, and his quite angered and humiliated when Chinese onlookers laugh. In the dining room, when an American drops a plate quite by accident and feels bad, and Chinese onlookers laugh, compounding his discomfort and causing anger and bad feeling. ,微笑通常表的是友好~达很支持~讲意~快讲等等。但多西方人讲于讲洲Analysis 人的笑有讲候感到很困惑。在案例中~女孩讲于无法回答讲讲讲想通讲个来微笑掩讲A 自己的讲尬局面。在案例和中~讲讲的笑讲然不是讲讲讲人或者是他的并个遭遇本BC 身。可表多意它达很没思,不要讲讲在意~笑笑就讲了~什讲的~讲讲的事情在我讲每 个人的身上都有可能讲生等等。 Case 2: One Japanese student in America said: “On my way to school, a girl whom I don’t know smiled at me several times. I was a little surprised.” An Arab student in America said: “When I was walking on the campus the first day, many people smiled at me, which made me quite ashamed. I hurried to the bathroom to see if anything was wrong with my clothes. Now I’m used to all smiles. ,在日本生讲例子中~因讲在日本文化中~学个女孩一般不和陌生人微笑~Analysis 更不用讲陌生男子了。但是在美国并没达微笑有什讲特讲的含讲~他所表的讲粹就是 一讲友好的意思。人讲也通常讲会陌生人微笑以表示他讲的友好。 Case 3: In India, there are elaborate rules about how closely members of each caste may approach other castes, and Arabs of the same sex do stand much closer than North Americans. North Americans in an elevator maintain personal space if the physical space permits it. An Arab entering an elevator may stand right next to another person and be touching even though no one else is in the elevator. ,本案例反映的是非言讲交讲中的一方面空讲交讲。交讲讲~讲个——学注意不同Analysis 文化之讲~交讲者之讲的距离是不同的。 Case 4: Too Close for Comfort Bill had just arrived from the United States to study engineering at a Chinese university .He studies Chinese back at his home university and was confident that doing his graduate study at a Chinese university would give hi an edge in talking advantage of future opportunities in the growing Chinese economy . In the first few days he met and moved in with his roommate Zemin and met several of the students who lived in nearby dormitory rooms .Most of them were also studying engineering but had little experience with Americans .He usually went to the student cafeteria with them and they were very helpful in showing him around and in gently correcting his classroom Chinese. One evening he settled in for his first study session in his room .After a time Zemin left to visit another room where friends were listening to a radio broadcast .Bill said he would join him later .When Bill decided to take a break and see what the “guys” were up to ,he found Zemin and two other boys huddled over the radio .Bill found it quite odd ,however ,that Zemin was draped over the back of the boy seated in front of the radio .Moreover ,that boy had his fact propped up on his roommate who was seated nearby .it seemed to Bill that he had startled then ,since they jumped up and welcomed him and even offered him tea After Bill had a cup of tea and a chair to sit in ,the group returned to the radio . Bill shrugged the incident off, but over the next few days noticed that female students on campus frequently walked arm-in-arm or even holding hands .He noticed, too, that students of both sexes, but especially the boys, would huddle around newspaper displays in a fashion of close contact similar to Zemin and others around the radio .Bill felt rather uncomfortable and wondered how he would respond if one of his classmates were to put his arms around him. ,在西方一些家中~人讲之讲交讲讲讲是保国持的 距离~除短讲的Analysis45-80cm 握手外~无其他任何身部位的接。而在中~好朋友之讲有多身上的体触国会很体 接~如在一起讲触并离国玩笑~打讲~手挽手~肩或近距交讲。中人看到年讲的父母 讲着可讲的孩子讲~讲是愿意讲摸孩子表示喜讲~而做父母的也讲自己的孩子被人喜讲 而讲傲。西方人~尤其是英美人讲此比讲反感~他讲不愿意讲他人讲摸自己 的孩子。他 讲看到朋友之讲近距聊天嬉离很体触会很异讲打讲或有多身上的接讲讲。所以~案例中 讲以理解他的朋友讲明及其他一些中朋友的行讲。国Bill Unit 7 In Other Words Theory: In avoidance of using the same pattern to describe the same thing, westerns and Chinese have different words of saying the same thing. Therefore, there are many synonyms in each language. On one hand, language plays a very important role in culture since much of the culture is created, maintained an expressed through language. On the other hand, language is influenced and shaped by culture. In this case, the idioms, proverbs, slang, euphemisms and taboo words are produced.Case 1: Practicing English One night a Chinese student majoring in English sat on the steps of the foreign students’ residence and talked with two young male foreign students, one German and one American. They did not speak a word to her on their own initiative, but she asked many questions to get a conversation started. Every time they answered her with only one or two words. But she was determined to practice her English so she tried to keep the conversation going. “How do you spend your weekend?” she asked. The German boy answered immediately, “Fishing,” and the two boys looked at each other meaningfully. “Fishing?” She was really confused. “But where do you fish?” she asked.“Fishing has two meaning. One is the literal meaning. The other is just sitting here or walking on the street and waiting for some girls to come up to us.” Then they both burst out laughing. She was annoyed. She sat there silently and then suddenly stood up and walked away without saying goodbye. ,某些英讲讲讲在英美家有特国殊的含讲~如本案列中~“一讲除讲讲Analysisfishing” 之外~讲有在街讲物色漂亮女孩的意思。如果不理解两个含讲~在交讲中容易讲生讲解。 Case 2: Xie Li and Tom have been working on a scientific experiment at a British university for some months. It has not been totally successful. They are discussing the situation in the laboratory. Xie Li: I don’t know where it went wrong! Tom: Don’t feel so bad. Cheer up; you’ve done your job. Xie Li: But our experiment has turned out to be a failure. Tom: Relax for a couple of days. I’ll face the music. Xie Li: Tom, we are not playing children’s games here. This is a scientific experiment.Tom: I’ve never taken the experiment as child’s play, and I’m playing the game.Xie Li: You say you’re playing the game! It’s a rather important experiment!Xie Li walks out of the laboratory angrily. Tom is puzzled. ,俗讲、成讲等具有强的文化很内会涵~讲常讲非母讲者讲生困讲。在本案例中~Analysis 讲力讲解了使用的俗讲;两个和,~讲致交讲失讲。Tomface the music playing the game Unit 8 From a Primitive Tribe to a Global Village Theory: Human communication developed from original communication ways to hi-tech communication language. With the rapid development, people become more adaptable in our global village. Case 1: Li Ping is calling his colleague and friend Tony. Tony lives in the student dormitory. Someone else answers the phone. Student: Hi, Student Dormitory. Li: Hello. I’d like to speak to Tony please. Student: Okay, just a moment. I’ll see if he’s in. Li: Thanks. Student: He’s on his way. Won’t be long. Li: Thanks for your help. Tony: Hello? Tony is here. Li: Hello, it’s Li Ping. Tony: Hi. Is everything okay? Li: Yes, fine. I wanted to call you to see if you’d like to come over for dinner tonight. I’m cooking a Chinese meal. Tony: That’s fine. By the way, how is your major essay coming along? Have you finished all the reading? Li: Almost. I have to finish the reading by next Sunday. Then I can start writing the essay. What about you? Tony: Still plowing my way through. Li: Well maybe we can share some ideas over dinner. Tony: Good idea. Li: Well, I’d better go. I’ve got lots to do. Tony: Okay. I’ll see you tonight at 6. I’ll bring something to drink.Li: See you then. Bye. Tony: See you. ,拿起讲筒讲朋友~同事~家人讲一讲讲~有什讲讲个哪矩可言,不要讲虎~讲Analysis 是遵照以下讲矩行事讲好,讲讲打招呼讲讲候讲方~讲讲方的信息做恰的当答讲~讲讲讲山讲 明要讲的事~讲束讲讲。由于身讲言的被体排除~最大程度地使用或理解一些暗示讲~ 即声抓很帮你通讲音讲索去住讲方的支持、讲同或反讲的讲度、感情重要。用好讲讲能助保 持与学宝人的讲系~建立新的友讲~是涉外生活、讲和工作不可多得的法。 Case 2: Can We Talk About It? Linda Carmichael lives in a Canadian city with her two-year-old adopted Chinese daughter Ming. Linda is a busy professional woman and a single parent who wants her daughter to speak Chinese and know the culture she was born into. For this reason Linda invites new Chinese immigrants to live in a spare bedroom in her house. She always interviews prospective housemates before they move in. She wants to avoid any misunderstandings by making her expectations clear, and she wants everyone who lives in the house to benefit .Among other things, she wants to see how Ming likes any new person who might live with them. She expects a new resident in her home to agree to share housework and to speak Chinese to Ming. In exchange Linda agrees to help with English and any other problems the newly arrived immigrant might face in adapting to life in Canada. Linda liked 32-year-old Jiang Yumei, an engineer from northeast China, immediately when she came for her interview, and so did Ming. Jiang Yumei thought this would be an ideal place to spend the six months she had to wait until her husband and 4-year-old son could join her. They lived with Jiang Yumei’s parents, where she and her husband had lived since they married. She had never lived apart from her parents except to be able to live with a family. She readily agreed to everything Linda said during the interview. After a few weeks Linda noticed that Jiang Yumei seldom did any housework. She did not even clean up after herself, so Linda had more housework than before Jiang Yumei moved in. Linda helped JiangYumei with English and job applications, and practiced job interview with her. At the same time Jiang Yumei did not seem to spend much time with Ming. Linda gave Jiang Yumei some lightened reminders such as joking about how she hates housework or saying,”Ming, tell me what you did this afternoon.” This did not produce any positive result, so Linda decided to discuss the problem directly. One evening at the kitchen table Lina said, “I think we have some crossed lines of communication. Understood that we had a certain agreement between us, but you obviously understood something different .Can we talk about it?”Jiang Yumei was silent and stared at the table. Linda tried again, “I hoped you would spend more time with Ming, You two got along so well at first. She likes you and is disppointed that you don’t play with her.”Jiang Yumei did not say anything. She did not look at Linda. Her body stiffened, her face turned red, and she stared at the floor. Linda tried again, “I’m not angry, just confused, tell me what you’re thinking, I want to understand your point of view.” More silence. Finally Linda could not tolerate Jiang Yumei’s silence any longer. She was angry when she said, “You know, in this culture it’s very rude to stay silent when someone is trying wery hard to resolve a misunderstanding.” The next day Linda went to see her friend Liu Qian, who had lived in Canada for over a year. Liu listened to Linda’s story and said, “She’s angry!” This was a surprise to Linda. “What is she angry about? Why won’t she talk to me?” Linda never found out. Jiang Yumei moved out soon after. ,中人讲国内国含蓄讲~而外人讲情外向。所以本案列中~一加拿大人讲了Analysis 帮学找个国来双助自己的讲女讲中文~了一中移民家里生活~但是由于方的性格 差和文化差~在日常生异异会冲活中常讲生一些突。 Case 3: Wang Hao is new to the university and has decided to go the Orientation Week to find out about joining a sports club. Wang: Excuse me; your sign says that this is the information booth about the university tennis club. Susan: That’s right. Can I help you? Wang: Maybe…I’m new here and I’m not sure about some things. Can any student join this club? Susan: Sure. As long as you hve paid your gees and belong to this university.Wang: What happens then? Susan: You can come to the tennis clubhouse at these times to pick up your tennis club card. Allow one week for processing. Wang: Thanks. You’ve been relly helpful. Maybe I’ll see you at the tennis courts. Susan: Great. Make sure you say “Hello”. ,埋讲讲不学并学学会等于就是介入了大生活~大生活意味着讲讲多多机讲。Analysis 即你个学真学你来从体参使是一讲讲非常讲讲讲的生~也不排除讲讲拿出讲讲事育活讲~ 加校内会体社讲的聚。讲些会帮学条活讲除了助排解讲讲力外~讲提供一讲水到渠成的交 友途径学来当。讲于留生讲~有一些地朋友非常重要~他她帮你讲能更好地理解文/ 化~讲可以减异你来少文化和思念家讲讲讲的园内学痛苦。校的活讲是讲所有生的~多 投入你从才能中多收益。 Case 4: How Do Students Learn? Karen Randolph had been teaching high school English in the United States before she accepted a teaching job at a teacher’s college in China. She found her new environment and her new teaching assignment exciting. Both her students and her colleagues seemed a bit shy of her, but Karen was sure that in time they would all come to be friends. In the classroom, however, Karen was very frustrated. When she asked a question, the class was silent. Only if she called on a particular student would she get an answer, often a very good one. She could not understand why they wouldn’t volunteer when they obviously knew the answers. They were very quiet when she was peaking in front of the class, and never asked questions, let alone interrupt with an opinion, but as soon as the class ended, they would cluster around her desk to ask their questions one-by-one. They would also offer their suggestions about the lesson at this time.Karen often asked her students to work in small groups during class, especially when they were editing each other’s writing. They were slow to move into groups and when they did, they often simply formed a group with the people sitting next to them. Finally she devised her own system of forming groups to get them to interact with students sitting in another section of the classroom. Most frustrating of all, after she taught her class how to edit essays, she found that the students were likely to write vague and not very helpful remarks on their classmates’ papers. They would say nice things about the essays and correct small grammatical errors, but seemed unwilling to criticize them in a way that would help another student revise the essay. They usually accepted her criticism of their writing with good spirits and promises to improve. In fact they frequently asked for more correction of their English from her than she wanted to give. She felt that one hundred percent grammatical correctness was not as important as learning how to correct what they had written on their own and with the help of others. After all, they would not always have a teacher to tell them what was good and not so good about their English writing. 在中~讲表讲出讲人讲表的国教教形象~庄重、讲讲~言讲讲止中常讲有讲的尊讲~Analysis: 从装清着上也比讲讲究讲讲、正派~讲生讲系相讲比讲融洽~但是界限比 讲楚~讲堂上讲律 讲明~要求学真听真教学学会生讲~讲讲~讲提讲、生回答~生也不主讲回答讲讲或自由讲 表自己讲某个教概装随讲讲的不同看法。而在西方~讲讲人讲表的念不强~着比讲意~ 不掩讲自己的喜、怒、哀、讲~生的讲与学系非常融洽~讲生之讲讲系平等~无拘无束~ 平等相待~打招呼讲可以直呼其名~讲堂活气氛学学讲、和讲~讲生回答讲讲讲允讲生交 讲接耳、大讲讲~讲讲生讲提出讲讲。由于中讲讲声学随国教学响国学模式的影~中生的讲堂 表讲讲讲外很教学听会籍讲理解~生在讲堂上的拘讲、讲、不好意思回答讲讲等表讲常被讲解 讲不喜讲外籍讲的讲、或者其授讲没听懂内国学容。作讲批改中~中老讲更讲重于批改生 在讲法上的一些讲讲~而外国内老讲更注重文章中的提出的容。 Case 5: The Job Interview Jiang Anshi applied for a job as a computer programmer in a large foreign-owned computing company. Because he was very well qualified in computing and had extensive experience, he thought that he had a very good chance of getting the job. Three people interviewed him. They started out by asking him questions about his qualifications and experience. He answered confidently. Suddenly, however, one of the interviewers asked him whether he could work in a team. Jiang Anshi was rather surprised at the question but said, “Yes.” He was then asked why he was interested in this particular job. He explained that the job was very suitable for him as he had done similar work before. He also explained that the salary was better than the salary he was currently receiving. Finally, he was asked if he himself had any questions. He did not. Jiang Anshi left the interview feeling that he had done well. However, he did not get the job and later found out that the successful applicant had less experience than he had. 中西方人讲讲面讲的念有一概区你定讲。西方招聘讲位在招聘讲讲讲~更注重的讲Analysis: 讲合作精神~讲讲聘讲位的讲趣而不是讲讲上的一些讲讲和讲讲讲格讲讲等~他讲讲讲面讲的目的 是使招聘讲位讲与双聘人相互了解~招聘讲讲是向讲讲~而不是招聘讲位讲方面地了解讲 而讲讲讲聘人讲。
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