修辞手法

常用的修辞手法 下面介绍一些英语作文中常用的修辞手法。 1. 比喻(metaphor) 比喻就是打比方。可分为明喻和暗喻: 明喻(simile): A figure of speech in which two essentially unlike things are compared. 明喻:一种修辞手法,把两种基本不相像的东西进行比较. 用like, as, as...as, as if(though) 或用其他词语指出两个不同事物的相似之处。例如:“How like the winter hath my absence been” or “So are you to my thoughts as food to life” (Shakespeare). 如“我的离开好象是冬天来临” 或“你对我的思想就象食物对于生命一样重要” (莎士比亚) O my love's like a red, red rose. 我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰花。 The man can't be trusted. He is as slippery as an eel. 那个人不可信赖。他像鳗鱼一样狡猾。 He jumped as if he had been stung.他像被蜇了似的跳了起来。 Childhood is like a swiftly passing dream. 童年就像一场疾逝的梦。 暗喻(metaphor):缩写met.,metaph. A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison. 用一个词来指代与该词所指事物有相似特点的另外一个事物。例如: He has a heart of stone. 他有一颗铁石心肠。 The world is a stage. 世界是一个大舞台。 “a sea of troubles”“忧愁之海” “All the world's a stage”(Shakespeare)“整个世界一台戏”(莎士比亚) 2. 换喻(metonymy) 用某一事物的名称代替另外一个与它关系密切的事物的名称,只要一提到其中一种事物,就会使人联想到另一种。比如用the White House 代替美国政府或者总统,用the bottle 来代替wine 或者alcohol,用the bar 来代替the legal profession,用crown代替king等。例如: His purse would not allow him that luxury. 他的经济条件不允许他享受那种奢华。 The mother did her best to take care of the cradle. 母亲尽最大努力照看孩子。 He succeeded to the crown in 1848. 他在1848年继承了王位。 3. 举隅,提喻(synecdoche) 以局部代表整体(如用手代表水手),以整体代表局部(如用法律代表警官),以特殊代表一般(如用直柄剃刀代表杀人者),以一般代表特殊(如用贼代表扒手),或用原材料代表用该材料制造的东西(如用钢代表剑)例如: He earns his bread by writing. 他靠写作挣钱谋生。 The farms were short of hands during the harvest season. 在收获季节里农场缺乏劳动力。 Australia beat Canada at cricket. 澳大利亚队在板球比赛中击败了加拿大队。 He is the Newton of this century. 他是这个世纪的牛顿。 4. 拟人(personification) 拟人,人格化:给无生命的东西或者抽象的东西赋予人的个性或绘以人的形象,把事物或者概念当作人或者具备人的品质的写法。例如: Hunger sat shivering on the road 饥饿站在路上颤抖 Flowers danced about the lawn 花儿在草地上翩翩起舞 My heart was singing. 我的心在歌唱。 This time fate was smiling to him. 这一次命运朝他微笑了。 The flowers nodded to her while she passed. 当她经过的时候花儿向她点头致意。 The wind whistled through the trees. 风穿过树丛,树叶哗哗作响。 5. 委婉(euphemism) 用温和的、间接的词语代替生硬的、粗俗的词语,以免直接说出不愉快的事实冒犯别人或者造成令人窘迫、沮丧的局面。例如: 用to fall asleep; to cease thinking; to pass away; to go to heaven; to leave us 代替to die 用senior citizens代替old people 用a slow learner或者an under achiever代替a stupid pupil 用weight watcher代替fat people 用mental hospital 代替madhouse或者asylum 用emotionally disturbed代替mad 用washroom, men's / women's room代替lavatory 用handicapped代替crippled 用low income brackets; underprivileged; disadvantaged 代替poor people 6. 双关(pun) 用同音异义或者一词二义来达到诙谐幽默的效果:表面上是一个意思,而实际上却暗含另一个意思,这种暗含的意思才是句子真正的目的所在。例如: A cannonball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (arms可指手臂或者武器) 一发炮弹打断了他的腿,所以他缴械投降了。 “Can I try on that gown in the window?” asked a would-be customer. “Certainly not, madam!” replied the salesman. 我可以试穿一下橱窗里的那件睡袍吗?或者:我可以在橱窗里试穿那件睡袍吗? Seven days without water make one weak (week). 七天没有水使一个人虚弱。或者:七天没有水就是一周没有水。 7. 反语(irony) 使用与真正意义相反的词,正话反说或者反话正说,从对立的角度运用词义来产生特殊的效果。下面就是莎士比亚的戏剧Julius Caesar 中的一个运用反语的很好的例子,Brutus 出于野心刺杀了Caesar, Caesar 的好友Antony 讥讽Brutus 说: Here, under leave of Brutus and the rest— For Brutus is an honorable man; So are they all, all honorable men— Come I to speak in Caesar's funeral. He was my friend, faithful and just to me: But Brutus says he was ambitious; And Brutus is an honorable man. 在Antony 的话里反复使用honorable这个词就是一个反语的例子。 8. 矛盾修饰(oxymoron) 把相互矛盾的两个词用在一起的修辞 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 。它利用词义表面的相互矛盾使表层的不和谐统一在思想 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 的深层,从而揭示事物对立统一的本质特征,达到加深印象的目的。例如: deafening silence震耳欲聋的沉默 a mournful optimist. 悲伤的乐观 She read the long-awaited letter with a tearful smile. 她带着含泪的微笑读那封盼望已久的信。 The coach had to be cruel to be kind to his trainees.教练为了对他的受训者仁慈就要对他们残酷。 During his useful life he often felt he was useless. 在他大有作为的一生中他老是感到自己无用。 其他还有sweet pain; thunderous silence; luxurious poverty; heavy lightness; living death; impossible hope 等等。 9. 轭式搭配(zeugma) 把适用于某一事物的词语顺势用到另外一事物上的方法。在同一个句子里一个词可以修饰或者控制两个或更多的词,它可以使语言活泼,富有幽默感。例如: She opened the door and her heart to the homeless boy. 她对那无家可归的男孩打开了房门,也敞开了胸怀。 As I left home after breakfast, I shivered inwardly as well as outwardly. 早餐之后我离开家的时候,我的里里外外都在颤抖。 I would my horse had the speed of your tongue. 我希望我的马能有你的舌头的速度。 10. 移位修饰(transferred epithet) 将本应该用来修饰某一类名词的修饰语用来修饰另一类名词。例如: There was a short, thoughtful silence. 出现了一阵短暂的、令人沉思的寂静。 The old man put a reassuring hand on my shoulder. 老人把一只令人安心的手放在我的肩膀上。 He closed his busy life at the age of sixty. 在六十岁时他结束了他那忙碌的一生。 This is the cheapest market in this country. 这是这个国家最便宜的市场了。 11. 头韵(alliteration) 两个或者更多的词以相同的音韵或者字母开头就构成头韵。例如: proud as a peacock blind as a bat safe and sound “on scrolls of silver snowy sentences”(Hart Crane) “写满银色雪般句子的卷轴上”(哈特·克兰) Long and loudly little Lily laughed. 小莉莉长时间地、大声地笑着。 The windows waved violently in the wind. 窗户在风中剧烈地摇动。 The sun sank slowly. 太阳慢慢地下沉。 12. 渐进(climax) 根据事物的逻辑关系,由小到大,由轻到重,由浅到深,由低到高,由少到多依次渐进地进行描述或论述。这种整齐的结构可以使人们的思想认识一层层深化提高,增强语言的感染力和说服力。例如: I came; I saw; I conquer. 我来了;我看到了;我征服。(公元前47年,凯撒大帝在小亚细亚吉拉城大获全胜,欣喜的凯撒给罗马友人报捷时只用了3个拉丁语单词:“Veni!Vidi! Vici!(我来了!我看见了!我征服了!) Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 使人充实;交谈使人机智;写作使人精确。 Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 书有可浅尝者,有可吞咽者,更有少数须消化咀嚼者。 Lincoln recognized worth in the common people; he loved the common people; he fought for the common people; and he died for the common people. 林肯认识到平民大众的价值;他热爱平民大众;他为平民大众而斗争;他为平民大众而献身。 13.Hyperbaton or Inversion倒装 A figure of speech, such as anastrophe or hysteron proteron, using deviation from normal or logical word order to produce an effect. 倒装,倒置法:一种象倒装法或逆序法的修辞方法,使用与正常或逻辑的语序相偏离的方法,从而产生一种效果 E.g: Then come the climax of the trial. 14.Repetitive 重复 E.g:From this nothing will turn us,nothing. 15.Symbol 象征 Something that represents something else by association, resemblance, or convention, especially a material object used to represent something invisible. 象征,标志:通过联系、类似或传统来代表其它事物的某件东西,尤指代表抽象东西的实体 16.Antithesis 对偶 A figure of speech in which sharply contrasting ideas are juxtaposed in a balanced or parallel phrase or grammatical structure, as in 对偶:一种将强烈对立的想法并列于稳定、对等的短语或语法结构中的修辞方法,如在:“Hee for God only, shee for God in him”(John Milton) “他只为上帝,她则为他心中的上帝”(约翰·米尔顿) 17.Hyperbole 夸张 A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect 夸张法:一种比喻,使用夸张来强调或产生某种效果,比如: I could sleep for a year 我能睡一年 This book weighs a ton. 这书有一吨重 18.Rhetorical Question 反问 A question to which no answer is expected, often used for rhetorical effect. 反问:一种无需回答的问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 ,常为说服效果而使用。 E.g “Did you help me when I needed help? Did you once offer to intercede in my behalf? Did you do anything to lessen my load?”