生物标志物揭示中国琥珀植物来源

生物标志物揭示中国琥珀植物来源 缅甸琥珀内含白垩纪昆虫研究取得系列新发现 2014-08-21 | 编辑: | 【大 中 小】 琥珀被称为“时间胶囊”，精美的保存了生物在地质历史中精彩的演化片段，是古生物学研究的热点之一。缅甸琥珀产自于缅甸北部克钦邦胡康河谷。最早有关缅甸琥珀的记载见于我国《汉纪》(公元205年-265年)，但对其内含物的研究历史仅仅大约100年。缅甸琥珀的时代为白垩纪中期森诺曼期(Cenomanian)，距今约1亿年(99百万年)。缅甸琥珀是世界上最著名的白垩纪琥珀之一，蕴藏着目前已知最丰富的白垩纪生物群。缅甸琥珀昆虫研究对了解中生代昆虫各类群的起源和早期演化、分类系统学、古生态学和古地理学等方面具有十分重要的意义。 近期，南京古生物所黄迪颖研究团队及国内外合作者对缅甸琥珀的鞘翅目和啮虫目昆虫进行了研究，取得了一系列研究成果。 1、首次发现中生代铠甲化石:铠甲(Micropeplinae)是一类小型甲虫，为隐翅虫科一个较小的亚科，以其体 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 具有复杂脊状构造，形如“身披铠甲”而得名。铠甲化石十分稀少，之前仅发现于新生代，且均为现生属种。通过激光共聚焦显微镜、荧光显微镜和生物显微镜等的观察研究，确立铠甲科一新属一新种(Protopeplus cretaceus Cai and Huang, 2014;白垩原铠甲)，该新属具有一些原始特征，如前足基节相连和腹部背板不具脊等。另外，其前胸背板具有4条纵脊的特征与现生所有类型铠甲都存在显著差异，这为认识铠甲体表脊的演化提供了重要线索。 2、发现最古老筒形隐翅虫化石:筒形隐翅虫(Osoriinae)的腹部不具背侧脊而形成筒状腹部，易与其他隐翅虫亚科区分。通过荧光显微镜观察研究，确立一新属一新种(Mesallotrochus longiantennatus Cai and Huang, 2014)，并将其归入现生Thoracophorini族，与产自热带和亚热带地区(澳大利亚、埃塞俄比亚、马达加斯加、日本石垣岛等)的现生Allotrochus属十分相似。该发现为第一块中生代筒形隐翅虫，不仅比已知最早记录(始新世)提早了约5000万年，而且对研究筒形隐翅虫的古生物地理学具有重要意义。 3、首次详细描述了缅甸琥珀步甲化石:步甲(Carabidae)又叫“步行虫”，是一类常见的陆生肉食亚目甲虫。与中国科学院动物研究所等单位科研人员合作描述了缅甸琥珀中第一块步甲化石(Oodes kachinensis Liu et al., 2014;克钦卵步甲)，并将其归入现生Oodini族Oodes属。该发现是卵步甲属的最早代表，对该属的起源、早期演化和古地理分布具有重要意义。 steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welded specification for construction and acceptance of oil tank 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury 4、发现了最早厚啮科(Pachytroctidae)啮虫化石:和黎巴嫩大学等单位 合作描述了缅甸琥珀中厚啮科啮虫两新属两新种(Burmipachytrocta singularis Azar et al., 2014和Atapinella garroustei Azar et al., 2014);详细讨论了两类啮 虫的分类地位和与其他现生厚啮的系统学关系。该发现为现生厚啮科昆虫的 最早记录，对该类群的起源和早期演化具有重要意义。 以上成果分别在线发表于国际综合性期刊 Naturwissenschaften 和国际 地学期刊 Cretaceous Research。研究得到了科技部973项目，现代古生物学 和地层学国家重点实验室自主课题，江苏省杰出青年科学基金以及国家自然 科学基金的联合资助。 论文 政研论文下载论文大学下载论文大学下载关于长拳的论文浙大论文封面下载 相关信息: 1. Chenyang Cai, Diying Huang (2014) The oldest micropepline beetle from Cretaceous Burmese amber and its phylogenetic implications (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Naturwissenschaften doi: 10.1007/s00114-014-1221-z 2. Chenyang Cai, Diying Huang (2014) The oldest osoriine rove beetle from Cretaceous Burmese amber (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Cretaceous Research doi: 10.1016/j.cretres.2014.03.020 3. Ye Liu, Hongliang Shi, Chenyang Cai, Hongbin Liang, Diying Huang* (2014) The first record of Cretaceous ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Oodini) from Burmese amber. Cretaceous Research doi: 10.1016/j.cretres.2014.05.013 4. Dany Azar, Diying Huang, Chenyang Cai, André Nel (2014) The earliest records of pachytroctid booklice from Lebanese and Burmese Cretaceous ambers (Psocodea, Troctomorpha, Nanopsocetae, Pachytroctidae). Cretaceous Research doi: 10.1016/j.cretres.2014.04.005 steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welded specification for construction and acceptance of oil tank 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury 图1. 中生代铠甲化石 图2. 铠甲详细特征:a, b激光共聚焦显微镜;d, f荧光显微镜;c, e, g生物显微镜 steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welded specification for construction and acceptance of oil tank 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury 图3. 最古老筒形隐翅虫 图4. 卵步甲代表:克钦卵步甲(左)，克钦卵步甲复原图(中)，现生卵步甲(右) steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welded specification for construction and acceptance of oil tank 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury 图5. 最早厚啮科啮虫:Burmipachytrocta singularis Azar et al., 2014(左)Atapinella garroustei Azar et al., 2014(右) 抚顺琥珀研究取得重要进展 2014-07-14 | 编辑: | 【大 中 小】 中国已发现的琥珀资源相对较为稀少。抚顺琥珀不仅是我国重要的有机宝石资源，也是我国目前已知的唯一含虫琥珀，具有极其重要的经济、文化和科研价值。抚顺琥珀形成于早始新世(约5千万年前)一个重要温室效应时期，形成过程中包裹了大量的节肢动物和微生物类群，为研究这些生物的起源和辐射提供了最直接的化石证据。抚顺琥珀的古地理位置极其关键。始新世早期亚洲大陆主体与欧洲、北美、印度次大陆之间仍有海峡隔开，抚顺琥珀保存有始新世时期亚洲大陆唯一的琥珀生物群，这为我们了解当时欧洲—亚洲—印度—北美生物分布格局提供了直接证据，进而为我们研究气候变化(例如温室效应)和构造事件(例如青藏高原隆升)对欧亚大陆生物演化的影响提供了重要线索。 抚顺琥珀产自亚洲最大的露天煤矿——抚顺西露天矿。但由于西露天矿的开采工作已接近尾声，寻找煤田中的天然琥珀已经几乎不可能。因此，抚顺琥珀更显得弥足珍贵。南京古生物所张海春研究员研究团队历经二十余年的系统收集和野外考察，获得了大批珍贵的抚顺琥珀资料。 近期，张海春研究员领导的由中、德、美、英、法等国多个学科的科学家组成的联合团队，与抚顺琥珀研究所密切合作，对抚顺琥珀的地质背景、 steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welded specification for construction and acceptance of oil tank 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury 物理化学性质、植物来源以及琥珀中的植物、昆虫、蜘蛛、微生物等化石进 行了系统研究。研究团队在抚顺琥珀中已发现节肢动物(包括昆虫)至少22 个目，超过80个科150种;另有大量微体化石以及植物化石。多足纲有蜈蚣， 蛛形纲有丰富的螨、蜱、各种蜘蛛、盲蛛和拟蝎。抚顺琥珀中昆虫最为丰富， 包括至少16目，79科，上百个种。其中最常见的是双翅目，约占总数量的 70%;其次为膜翅目(包括各种蜂和蚂蚁);再次为半翅目蚜虫以及啮虫目。 本研究取得的主要成果有:1、在抚顺琥珀中发现了极其丰富的节肢动物， 以及大量植物、微生物化石，使其成为世界上种类最丰富的琥珀生物群之一; 2、利用有机地球化学、红外光谱、宏体和微体化石等多种 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 手段首次确认 了抚顺琥珀的植物起源为柏科植物(以水杉为主);3、填补了始新世时期亚 洲大陆琥珀生物群的空白，表明5千万年前欧亚大陆两端已经存在广泛的生 物交流。 研究成果近期在线发表于Cell出版集团的《当代生物学》(Current Biology)杂志。匿名审稿人评价到:“(本研究)可能是迄今为止古昆虫学最 宏大的研究工作，其系统性的研究让人敬佩，也为其它琥珀生物群研究提供 了一个绝好的范例”。苏格兰国家博物馆古生物部主任Andrew Ross教授同时 撰写了相关评论文章。 本研究得到中国科学院、科技部、国家自然科学基金委和现代古生物学 和地层学国家重点实验室的资助。辽宁省工业特种资源保护办公室和抚顺市 政府为本研究的开展提供了重要支持。 相关论文:Wang Bo*, Rust J., Engel M.S., Szwedo J., Dutta S., Nel A., Fan Yong, Meng Fanwei, Shi Gongle, Jarzembowski E.A., Wappler T., Stebner F., Fang Yan, Mao Limi, Zheng Daran, Zhang Haichun* (2014) A Diverse Paleobiota in Early Eocene Fushun Amber from China. Current Biology, doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.05.048. steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welded specification for construction and acceptance of oil tank 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury 抚顺琥珀种类 steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welded specification for construction and acceptance of oil tank 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury 抚顺琥珀中重要的植物和昆虫 steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welded specification for construction and acceptance of oil tank 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury 抚顺西露天矿 Lei Chen, Shuhai Xiao*, Ke Pang, Chuanming Zhou & Xunlai Yuan*. 2014. Cell differentiation and germ-soma separation in Ediacaran animal embryo-like fossils 生物标志物揭示中国琥珀植物来源 2014-11-12 | 编辑: | 【大 中 小】 琥珀晶莹剔透，适于加工各类工艺品，深受人们喜爱。保存有昆虫等有 机体的琥珀更是古生物学研究的绝佳材料。众所周知，琥珀是植物树脂的化 石。早在唐朝，诗人韦应物就曾为琥珀赋诗曰:“曾为老茯神，本是寒松液。 蚊蚋落其中，千年犹可觌”，提出琥珀来源于裸子植物的树脂。这代表着古人 对于琥珀来源的朴素认识。事实上琥珀的来源并非局限于裸子植物。生物标 志物研究发现，植物树脂中的萜类化合物具有类群特异性，并且能够长时间 保持稳定的骨架结构。因此植物树脂化石即琥珀中保存的萜类化合物可以作 为识别琥珀来源的生物标志物。通过生标分析，目前已提出的琥珀来源植物 类群有裸子植物松科(缅甸琥珀)、柏科(抚顺琥珀)、金松科(波罗的海steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welded specification for construction and acceptance of oil tank 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury 琥珀)、南洋杉科，被子植物豆科(多米尼加琥珀)、橄榄科、龙脑香科(印 度Cambay琥珀)、使君子科、金缕梅科以及已绝灭的松柏类植物掌鳞杉科 (黎巴嫩琥珀)。 我国河南西峡和福建漳浦都具有悠久的琥珀开采历史，其琥珀原料一直 作为一味重要的中药，因此具有重要的经济价值。但迄今尚未有研究关注西 峡琥珀和漳浦琥珀的植物来源。 近期南京古生物所史恭乐博士、王博博士与 印度理工大学孟买校区以及中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园等单位紧密合 作，用气相色谱-质谱法测定了我国晚白垩世西峡琥珀和中中新世漳浦琥珀的 萜类化合物组成。萜类化合物组成显示，晚白垩世西峡琥珀最有可能来源于 裸子植物南洋杉科，但不能排除掌鳞杉科的可能性;中中新世漳浦琥珀最有 可能来源于热带被子植物类群龙脑香科。此前在漳浦产出琥珀的地层中已发 现了大量龙脑香科的翅果和叶化石，这与漳浦琥珀生物标志物研究得到了相 互印证。 相关成果近期发表于PLoS ONE和Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 杂志，研究得到了现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室自主研 究课题和国家自然科学基金的支持。 论文相关信息:Shi G., Dutta S., Paul S., Wang B., Jacques F.M.B., 2014. Terpenoid compositions and botanical origin of Late Cretaceous and Miocene amber from China. PLoS ONE, 9(10), e111303. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0111303 Shi G., Jacques F.M.B., Li H., 2014. Winged fruits of Shorea (Dipterocarpaceae) from the Miocene of Southeast China: Evidence for the northward extension of dipterocarps during the Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 200, 97-107. steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welded specification for construction and acceptance of oil tank 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury 图1. 西峡琥珀(A)和漳浦琥珀(B) 图2. 漳浦琥珀总离子流色谱图 热河生物群及缅甸琥珀直翅目昆虫研究取得新进展 2014-10-13 | 编辑: | 【大 中 小】 短脉螽总科(Elcanoidea)是直翅目昆虫中已经绝灭的一个类群。其系统发育关系一直缺少详细研究，至今分类位置仍然存在非常大的分歧，该类群早先被认为是螽斯亚目的基干类群，后有学者认为它是蝗亚目的祖先类群。该类群最早发现于英国普尔贝克灰岩层;而该地也是短脉螽类昆虫研究最为详细的地区。琥珀中保存的短脉螽类昆虫十分罕见，迄今全球仅有四块琥珀标本记录。我国短脉螽类昆虫以往报道十分稀少，仅两个不完整的侏罗纪前翅标本被描述。 最近，中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所张海春研究团队在内蒙古和辽宁的下白垩统义县组地层中发现保存完整的短脉螽类昆虫化石新类型，通过对新材料的研究建立一新种Panorpidium yixianensis Fang et al., 2014。该新种是英国普尔贝克常见类型Panorpidium属在热河生物群的首次发现。该属也是直翅目唯一广泛分布于欧亚大陆的类型，为欧洲白垩系与辽西对比提供了新材料。另外，本文还报道了发现于缅甸琥珀的短脉螽科新材料。根据最新 steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welded specification for construction and acceptance of oil tank 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury 的年代学数据，缅甸琥珀的时代被认为是塞诺曼期(距今0.99亿年)，发现 于缅甸琥珀中的短脉螽被认为是短脉螽科最后的孑遗。 该成果近期在线发表于国际古生物学专业期刊Cretaceous Research。本 项研究得到中国科学院、科技部和国家自然科学基金委的联合资助。 论文相关信息: Fang Yan, Wang Bo, Zhang Haichun, Wang He, Jarzembowski E.A., Zheng Daran, Zhang Qi, Li Sha, Liu Qin. 2014. New Cretaceous Elcanidae from China and Myanmar (Insecta, Orthoptera). Cretaceous Research, DOI: 10.1016/j.cretres.2014.05.004 图1:义县组的短脉螽化石 steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welded specification for construction and acceptance of oil tank 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury 图2:缅甸琥珀中的短脉螽化石 . 科学家通过研究48个鸟类物种的基因序列发现鸟类从恐龙进化而 来有力证据 2014-12-17 | 编辑: | 【大 中 小】 (化石网报道)据腾讯科学(过客/编译):科学家的一项最新研究已经发现了:母鸡什么时候失去它们的牙齿，为何企鹅有着厚皮肤，孔雀如何获得尾巴以及夜莺叫声与人类声音之间的联系。 所有关于这些鸟类的问题答案都存在于一个国际团队的研机中，这个由20个国家的研究人员组成的团队详细分析了48个鸟类物种的基因序列，他们现在已经完成了“鸟类生命树”的编辑工作。 这项研究耗费了四年时间，许多研究人员对40多个鸟类物种进行了基因测序，以此梳理不同种类间的异同点。科学家们发现，今天的所有鸟类都能够追溯到一种从6500万年前大灭绝中幸存下来的有羽恐龙，它们快速进化成为一种拥有两条腿和有羽翅膀的产蛋动物。 通过将鸟类的DNA序列，研究人员发现现在的驯养鸡最接近于恐龙，它们拥有最原始的染色体模式。其它发现还包括，企鹅中的一组基因似乎导致它们的羽毛变得短、坚硬而且稠密，以此保持热量。 鸟类进化的关键在于失去了锋利的牙齿而且长出了鸟嘴。研究发现，5种与牙齿相关的基因在鸟类进化的早期快速失效，这在时间上比始祖鸟晚了大约5000万年。 加州大学的Mark Springer称:“从1861年始祖鸟化石被发现以来，我们已经非常清楚鸟类是从有齿祖先进化而来的。然而鸟类祖先失去牙齿的历史曾经让我们困惑了150多年。” steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welded specification for construction and acceptance of oil tank 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury 相关报道:最新研究称鸟类在恐龙灭绝后数量大幅增加 (化石网报道)据环球网(实习编译:蒋凤芹):日本NHK电视台12月12日报道，一个国际研究团队近日发表的一项研究成果称，如今地球虽生存有多达一万种的鸟类，但鸟类是在恐龙灭绝后急剧增加起来的。该研究成果作为研究鸟类进化过程的重要成果受到了人们的关注。 据悉，这一研究成果由该国际研究团队发表在美国《科学》杂志上，该国际研究团队是由包括日本在内的来自世界20个国家的数百名研究者组成的。该研究团队为了探明鸟类的进化过程，对包括乌鸦、鹫、鸵鸟在内的48种鸟类的全部的遗传信息用超级计算机来进行了分析，并花费了四年多的时间，对这些鸟出现种类分别的时期和系统进行了调查。 最终调查的结果表明，恐龙灭绝之后，从约6600万年前开始的1500万年间内，鸟类的种类发生了急剧的增加。研究团队分析，恐龙在灭绝之后，鸟类的生存空间增加，逐渐向适应各种各样环境的生态进化下去。 现在在科学界，针对“地球上生存的种类繁多的鸟类，其数量的增加是在恐龙灭绝之前还是灭绝之后”这一问题的争论持续不断。因此该项研究成果备受人们关注。 对此，该国际研究团队的一名研究者指出:“这次研究中所用到的遗传信息的解析方法在鸟类之外也同样适用。所以今后，人类对其他的昆虫等动物的进化过程的看法也可能发生改变。” steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welded specification for construction and acceptance of oil tank 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury 科学家通过研究48个鸟类物种的基因序列发现鸟类从恐龙进化而来有力证据(化石网配图) steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welded specification for construction and acceptance of oil tank 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury