主谓一致讲解及练习

主谓一致讲解及练习 1.语法形式上的一致。主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式。例如: Jane and Mary look healthy and strong. The number of mistakes was surprising. 2.意义上一致 1) 主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词用复数。 例如: The crowd were running for their lives. 单数形式表示复数意义的词有people,police,cattle,militia等。 2)主语形式为复数而意义上却是单数,谓语动词用单数。例如: The news was very exciting. 形复意单的单词有news,works(工厂)和一些以ics结尾的学科名.称,如physics,politics,mathematics等。 3.就近原则。即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or, either…or,neither...nor,not only…but also等连接的并列主语,如果一个是单数,一个是复数,谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。例如: Either your students or Mr. Wang knows this. 4.应注意的几个问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 。 A)名词作主语 1)某些集体名词(如family,team等)作主语时,如果作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式;如果就其中一个个成员而言,谓语动词用复数形式。例如: The whole family are watching TV" His family is going to have a long journey. 这类名词有:audienee,class,club,committee,company, crew,crowd, enemy,government,group,party,public,team,etc. 名词population一词的使用情况跟上述类似。例如:: The population in China is very large,and eighty percent of the population in China are farmers. “a group(crowd)of+复数名词”等短语之后的谓语动词也同样可用单数或复数,前者强调整体,后者强调各个部分。 2)某些集体名词(如people,police,cattle,militia等)只当复数看待,谓语动词必须用复数。例如: The police are searching for him. 3)单、复数同形的名词作主语时,谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。例如: A sheep is over there, Some sheep are over there. 4)名词所有格之后的名词被省略的情况一般只指商店、工场、住宅等,作主语时,动词一般用单数。例如: My Uncle\'s is not far from here. The doctor\'s is on the side of the street. 常见的省略名词有:the baker\'s,the barber\'s,the carpenter\'s,the Zhang\'s,etc, 表示店铺的名词一般作集体名词看待,但用作主语时,谓语动词往往用复数。例如: Richardson\'s have a lot of leather goods to sell. 5)当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时,往往可以根据意义一致的原则,把这些复数名词看作一个整体,谓语用单数形式。例如: Five minutes is enough to do this exercise. The Selected Poems of Li Bai was published long ago. Three years has passed. 6)不定代词each,every,no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多个并列主语,谓语动词仍用单数形式。例如: Each boy and each girl wants to serve the people in the future. 7)如果主语有more than one...或many a…构成,尽管从意义上看是复数内容,但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。例如: Many a ship has been damaged in the storm. More than one student has seen the film, 是,在“more+复数名词+than one\'’结构之后,谓语词一般用复数形式。例如: More members than one are against your plan. 8)一些由两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具主语时;谓语通常用复数形式,如scissors,chopsticks,compasses,shoes,trousers,clothes,glasses等。但如果主语由“a kind of ,a pair of,a series of等加名词”构成时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如: A pair of shoes was on the desk . 9)this kind of book=a book of this kind(这种书),其谓语用单数;短语this kind of men=men of this kind=these kinds of men(口语)(这一类人),但this kind of men的谓语用单数, men of this kind和these kinds of men的谓语用复数。all kinds of后跟复数名词,谓语用复数形式。例如: Men of this kind are dangerous. This kind of men is dangerous. 10)复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时,按意义一致的原则,作单数意义时,谓语用单数;反之,谓语用复数。这类名词有means(方法),works(工厂), species(种类),Chinese,Japanese等。例如: The (This) glass works was set up in l970. (这家玻璃厂建于1970年。) The(These)glass works are near the railway station. (这些玻璃厂在火车站附近。) 当它们前面有a,such a,this,that修饰时,谓语用单数;有all,such,these, those修饰时,谓语用复数。但“means\",“no means\",“the means\"等词前没有以上修饰词时,可作单数,也可用作复数。 注:work作“工作”解时是不可数名词,作“著作”解时是可数名词,有单复数之分。 11)如果名词词组中心词是all,most;half,rest,part等词语,表示的是复数意义,谓语动词用复数形式;反之,用单数。例如: All of the water is gone。 All of my classmates work hard. 12)在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如: Between the two windows hangs a picture. B)由连接词连接的名词作主语 13)用and或both...and连接并列主语,谓语动词通常用复数形式。例如: Walking and riding are good exercises. Plastics and rubber never rot. 但是,并列主语如果指的,是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用:单数形式,这时,and后面的名词没有冠词。例如: A knife and forkis on the table. Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. The girl\'s teacher and friend is a young doctor. Truth and honesty is the best policy。 14)当主语后面跟有as well as,as much as,no less than, along with,with, like,rather than,together with,but,except,besides,including,in addition to等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。例如: The room with its furniture was rented. The teacher as well as the students was excited. 15)以or,either...,neither...nor,not only…but also等连接的名词(代词)作主语,谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。例如: Neither you nor I nor anybody else knows anything about it Either you or he is to go. Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room. C)代词作主语.’ 16)名词型物主代词后的动词,既可以用单数,也可以用复数,这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。例如: Ours(Our Party) is a great party. our shoes are black,mine (=my shoes) are brown. 17)such,the same起指示代词作用时,应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。例如: Such are his words.Such is our plan. 8)关系代词who,that,which等在定语从句中作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。例如: Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun. Those who want to go please you’re your names her e. 19)疑问代词who,:what, which作主语时,谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单复数。例如: What produce(s)heat? Which is (are) your book(s)? Who live next door? It is Zhang and Liu. Who lives next door? It is Xiao Liu. 20)不定代词.any,either,neither,none,all some,more等作主语时,有 以下两种情况: ①单读用作主语时,视其在文中的意义,动词可用单数或复数形式。例如: All are present.let\'s begin the meeting. Now all has been changed. either,neither单独作主语时,谓语通常用单数。 ②后接of时,若of的宾语为不可数名词,动词当然用单数形式;若of的宾语为复数名词或代词,动词可以是单数,也可以是复数;在正式文体中,单数形式的动词更常用。 例如: None of them has(have)seen thefilm. Do(es) any of you know his address? D)分数、量词作主语 21)某数词单纯表示数字作主语时,其谓语动词通常用单数形式,但是当基数词表示的不是数值而是数量时,谓语动词可用复数形式。例如: The billion is a large number. Twelve were boys. 英语中算术式作主语时,若是减法或除法算术式,谓语通常用单数形式;若是加法和乘法,谓语动词有时也可用复数形式。例如: Three times five is/are fifteen. Two and (plus) two is/are four. Twelve divided by four is three. Three taken from eight leaves five. 在提问加、减、乘、除得数时,如用how much,谓语动词多用单数形式;如用how many,谓语动词多用复数形式。例如: How many are two times five? How much is eight divided by two? 22).“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成短语,以及由“some,a lot of,lots of, plenty of,a(1arge)quantity of,the rest of,a heap of,heaps of+名词”构成短语时,其名词可以是可数名词或不可数名词。作主语时,采取就近一致的原则,其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致,这是因为短语中of后面的名词是中心词,而名词前面的量词是修饰语。例如: A quantity of blouses were on sale. A large quantity of beer was sold. Plenty of English books are on the shelf. Lots of damage was caused by fire. Three-fifths of the workers here are women. About three-fourths of the earth\'s surface is covered with water. 23)A(great)number of,many;a few修饰可数复数名词, 其短语作主语时,谓语动词用复数;a little,much,a great deal of,a large amount of修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数。例如:; A large amount of(A great deal of)damage was done in a very short time. A great deal of trouble lies before us. A number of students have gone to the countryside to help with the autumn harvest. 24)(large)quantities of修饰可数 复数名词或不可数名词其短语作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。例如: Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table. Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge. 25)The number+可数复数名词,the amount of+不可数名词,the quantity of+可数复数名词或不可数名词构成的短 语,作主语时,谓语动词用单数,例如: The amount of money is great. The quantity of heat in the office has not been increased. The quantity of books in the library is amazing. The number of students in our school is increasing. 26)表示数量的one and a half 后,名词要用复数形式。但是其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如: One and a half bananas is left on the table. 27)half of,(a)part of修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数;修饰可数名词复数时,谓语动词用复数。 E)名词化的形容词作主语, 28)如果主语由“the+形容词或过去分词)”结构充当时。谓语通常用复数。这类词有;the brave,the poor,the rich, the blind,the young,the old, the sick,the dead,the deaf and dumb, the oppressed,the injured, the wounded, the unemployed等;但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别,则用单数。例如: The departed(死者) was a well-known engineer. The blind study in special schools. 这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时,就要与名词/man,person或表示人的单数连用。如:all old man,a rich person,the(a)wounded soldier F)从句作主语 29)由what引导的主语从句,谓语动词通常用单数;所指的具体内容若是复数意义,谓语动词一般用复数形式。例如: What we need are doctors. What we need is more time. 30)在复数名词引导的从句结构中,关系代词的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是,因此,从句中的动词应该是复数形式。例如: This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked. 但是,当之前有等修饰时,关系代词的先行词是,而不是靠近它的复数名词,因此从句的动词应是单数形式。例如; she was the only one of the girls who was late for the meeting. 一语法一致原则 主语是单数形式时,谓语动词采用单数形式;是复数形式时,谓语动词采用复数形式. 1、当and或both…and…连接两个或三个名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式. Tom and Jane are good friends. Both Lily and Lucy are students. 2、不定代词either,neither, anybody, anyone, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everybody, everything, nobody, no one, nothing等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如: Is there anything wrong with your computer? Everyone is ready for the final examination. 3、有each, each…and, each…,every…and, every…作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.如: Every boy and every girl was given an apple. 4、主语后接有with, along with, together with, as well as 等词或短语时,谓语动词的数有主语的单、复数形式决定.: Mr。Green with his wife and two sons is coming to Shanghai. 5、某些只有复数形式的名词(如clothes, ousers, oes…语时,谓语动词用复数形式.: My trousers were worn out.式或动词的ing形式作主语时,语动词用单数形式. To see is to believe.(眼见为实) Reading is learning(读书就是学习) 二意义一致原则 谓语动词用单数还是复数要看主语所表达的概念. 1、有and连接的两个名词作主语,如果是指同一概念(即and后面无冠词),则谓语动词用单数形式.如: The worker and writer is coming tomorrow.(那位工人兼作家明天将要过来) The singer and dancer has been invited to the party.(那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家被邀请参加了晚会) 2、用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系(即在最后的一个名词后加’s)时,谓语动词用单数形式.如: Lily and Lucy’s mother is a nurse.(莉莉和露西的妈妈是位护士) Mary and her sister’s bedroom is beautiful.(玛丽和她姐姐的卧室是漂亮的) 3、用and连接两个并列名词,表示分别拥有各自的物品(即两个名词都在词尾加’s表示所有关系)时,谓语动词用复数形式.如: Tom’s and Mary’s bag are new. 4、表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等复数名词、词组做主语时,一般被看为一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式.如: Three years is a long time. 三就近原则 谓语动词与靠近它的名词一致. 1、由either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…, not…but…或or连接两个主语时,谓语动词与较近的主语保持一致.如: Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my aunt. 2、There be…和Here be…这两个句式中的动词be常与最近的主语在数上保持一致.如: There is an apple and two books on the desk. There is a table with three legs in Lucy’s room. 【考点聚焦】主谓一致是初中阶段的重要语法项目之一,从近年来中考的试题来看,对主 谓一致的考查主要集中在以下内容: 1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时, 谓语用复数。 2、由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 但并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数。例如: The poet and writer has come. 3、由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every, no修饰时,其谓语动词 要用单数形式。例如: In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education. 4、主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with ,as well as ,together with along with,like 等引导的介词短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语一致。例如: The women with two children is my aunt . 注意:主语和谓语之间插入了分词短语,谓语要与主语保持一致。 Mr Smith , followed by his wife and three children , has just arrived. 5、一些只有复数形式的名词,如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时,谓 语动词要用复数。 6、集体名词family, class, team, group 等看作整体时,谓语动词用单数;看作每 一个成员时,谓语动词用复数。 7、当表示国家,城市,人名,书名,报纸,杂志,及组织机构等的专有名词做主语时, 作为整体,谓语动词用单数形式。 The New York Times is reading all over the United States . 《纽约时报》 8、 news ,maths,physics ,politics等词貌似复数,实为单数,其谓语动词用单 数. 9、“the +形容词”(如the poor ,the rich ,the young, the old , the dead , the sick,the brave 等)作主语,谓语动词往往用复数 10、由each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时,谓语动词都用单数。 11、有两部分构成的物体的名词,如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 注意:如果这类名词前用了a pair of等,则谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair 的单复数形式。例如:Here are some new pairs of shoes. My new pair of socks is on the bed. 12、表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。 13、不定代词由all, most, more, some, any, none作主语时,也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词,谓语动词用复数;如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。 All of the work has been finished. All of the people have gone. 14、疑问代词作主语时,其谓语动词也有两种情况:主语表示复数意义,谓语动词用复 数;主语表示单数意义,则谓语动词用单数。 Who is your brother? Who are League members? 15、分数(百分数)+of +名词做主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于of后面的名词的数。但要注意population 一词,用作整体时,谓语动词用单数,用其部分做主语时,谓语动词 形式用复数。 Part of the work has been done by us . Ten percent of the apples were bad . The population of China is 13.6 billion and 70%of the population are peasants . 16、half, the rest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时,如果所指为复数意义,动词用 复数;如果所指为单数意义,动词用单数。例如: 17、由what 引出的从句作主语时,通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数 意义时,谓语动词用复数形式。 18、由连词no t……but……, or, either……or, neither……nor, not only…but also,等连接的并列主语,如果一个是单数,一个是复数,则谓语动词按就近一致原则,与最靠近 它的主语一致。 19、There be句型、以here开头的句子谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。 20、a number of后面加复数名词或代词,其动词用复数形式;但the number of后面 加复数名词或代词时,其谓语用单数。 21、“one or two +复数名词”做主语,谓语动词用复数。 22、 many a +单数名词 (许多……) ; more than one +单数名词(不止一……)作主语,尽管意思是复数,但谓语动词还是用单数。注意:“more than +基数词+复数名词” 结构或“more +复数名词+ than one做主语时,谓语用复数。 Many a ship has been damaged in the storm. More than twenty students are playing football on the playground. More members than one are against your plan. 23、this kind of book=a book of this kind(这种书),作主语,谓语用单数;this kind of men=men of this kind=these kind of men(这类人,口语中用),但this kind of men 的谓语用单数,men of this kind=these kind of men的谓语用复数。all kinds of后跟 复数名词,谓语用复数。 This kind of men is dangerous. Men of this kind are dangerous. 24、在定语从句中主语是关系代词who , that , which , 谓语动词的数应与先行词的 数一致。 注意:在“one of +复数名词+ who/that/which”引导的定语从句中,从句谓语的单复数取决于one前是否有the (only)、the very。如果有,从句的谓语动词用单数,如没有 the only,就用复数形式。 This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked. He was the only one of the students who was late for school. I. 改错: 1. Both paper and ink is used up. 2. Eating too much are bad for your health. 3.This pair of shoes are my brother's. 4. Each of the boys have a dictionary. 5 Every one of the students in Class Two have two books . 6.I think maths are very difficult to learn. 7. A large number of students has gone to work in Xingjiang. 8.The mother with two children often go to the town. II. 用所给动词的适当形式填空 9. _____ (be) everything OK? 10. Nobody _______ (know) the answer to the question. 11. Ten divided by two _______ (be) five. 12. Most of the drinking water ______ (be) from the Black River. 13. Not only she but also I _______ (do) morning exercises every day. 14. Either you or she _____ (have) made a wrong decision. 15. The family _____(be) spending the weekend together. 16. Bread and butter ______ (be) her daily breakfast. 17. The police _____ (be) trying to catch the thief. 18. The number of people invited _____ fifty, but a number of them ____ absent for different reasons. Ⅲ. 选择填空。 ( )19.There _____ many new words in Lesson One. It is very easy. A. is B. aren’t C. isn’t D. are ( )20. ---These bananas look different and they are sweet. ---Right. They ______ here from Taiwan yesterday. A. was brought B. were brought C. bring D. are brought ( ) 21. The Olympic Games _______ held every______ years. A. is,four B. are,four C. is,five D. are,five ( ) 22. Look, here come some _______. A. dog B. horse C. deer D. cow ( ) 23. The injured in the tsunami _____ good care of by some medical teams. A. is taken B. are being taken C. are taking D. is being taken ( ) 24. It is not J. K. Rowling but her works that _____ us excited. A. makes B. is made C. make D. are made ( ) 25. On the closet _____ a pair of trousers his parents bought for his birthday. A. lying B. lies C. lie D. is laid ( ) 26. Each man and each woman _____ asked to help when the fire broke out. A. is B. was C. are D. were ( ) 27. About 60 percent of the students _____ from the south; the rest of them _____ from the north and foreign countries. A. are; is B. is; is C. is; are D. are; are ( ) 28. They said the eighteenth and last lesson _______ quite easy. A. is B. was C. are D. were ( ) 29. ---When are you going to Kumming for your holidays? ---I haven’t decided. ______ this Sunday ______ next Sunday is OK. A. Both; and B. Either; or C. Neither; nor D. Not only; but also ( ) 30.______ Helen ______ Joan speaks beautiful Chinese after they came to China. A. Neither; nor B. Not only; but also C. Both; and D. A and B ( ) 31.The paper for books and new papers ______ made of wood. A. are B. is C. has D. have ( ) 32. Not only my brother but also I______ good at painting. Both of us ______good painters. A. are...are B. am...are C. is...is D. are...is ( ) 33. _______ of them has his own opinion. A. Both B. Some C. Every D. Each ( ) 34. Are there any _______ on the farm? A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep ( )35. One-third of the area _____ covered with green trees. About seventy percent of the trees _____ been planted. A. are; have B. is; has C. is; have D. are; has ( ) 36. The number of teachers in our college _____ greatly increased last term. A number of teachers in this school _____ from the countryside. A. was; is B. was; are C. were; are D. were; is ( ) 37. What _____ the population of China? One-third of the population _____ workers here. A. is; are B. are; are C. is; is D. are; is ( ) 38. Not only he but also we _____ right. He as well as we _____ right. A. are; are B. are; is C. is; is D. is; are ( )39. What he’d like _____ a digital watch. What he’d like _____ t extbooks. A. are; are B. is; is C. is; are D. are; is ( )40. My shirt _____ white and my trousers _____ blue. A. are; are B. are; is C. is; is D. is; are ( ) 41.------Two months _______ quite a long time. ------Yes. I’m afraid that he will miss a lot of lessons. A. is B. are C. was D. were ( ) 42.He is one of the boys who _____ here on time. He is the only one of the boys who _____ here on time. A. has come; have come B. have come; has come C. has come; has come D. have come; have come ( )43. Either you or he _____ interested in playing chess. _____ you or he fond of music at present? A. are; Are B. is; Are C. are; Is D. is; Is ( )44. Many a professor _____ looking forward to visiting Germany now. Many scientists _____ studied animals and plants in the last two years. A. is; have B. is; has C. are; have D. is; are ( )45. A knife and a fork _____ on the table. A knife and fork _____ on the table. A. is; is B. are; are C. are; is D. is; are ( )46. Her family _____ much larger than mine four years ago. Her family _____ dancing and singing when I came in last night. A. were; was B. was; were C. was; was D. were; were ( )47.The box of rubbers ____ white. A.is B.are C.be D.were ( )48.____ he or you to come home? A.Is B.Are C.Will D.Can ( )49.The writer and teacher ____ coming now. A.is B.are C.has D.have ( )50.The old man has two children but _____ of them lives with him. A. both B. none C. neither D. all ( )51.Our knowledge of computer _____ growing all the time. A. be B. is C. are D. were ( )52.How and why Jack came to China _____ not known. When and where to build the new library _____ not been decided. A. is; has B. are; has C. is; have D. are; have ( )53.Now Tom together with his classmates _____ football on the playground. A. play B. are playing C. plays D. is playing ( )54.Two hundred and fifty pounds _____ too unreasonable a price for a second-hand car. A. is B. are C. were D. be ( )55.All but Dick _____ in Class Three this term. A. are B. is C. were D. was ( )56.Soon after the earthquake, every man, woman and child _____ about it. A. were talking B. was talking C. talk D. talks ( )57.We each _____ strong points and each of us on the other hand _____ weak points. A. have; have B. has; have C. has; has D. have; has ( )58.Everyone except Tom and John _____ there when the meeting began. A. is B. was C. are D. were ( )59.Most of the houses _______ this year. A. has built B. have built C. has been built D. have been built ( )60.My friend and classmate Paul _____ motorcycles in his spare time. A. race B. races C. is raced D. is racing ( )61.There _____ a pen, two pencils, and three books on the desk. A. are B. is C. has D. have ( )62.The factory, including its machines and buildings, _____ burnt last night. A. is B. are C. were D. was ( )63.Climbing hills _____ of great help to health. A. is B. are C. were D. be ( )64.There _____ a lot of good news in today’s newspaper. A. is B. are C. was D. were Ⅳ. 根据中文,完成英语句子。 65.我们两个人都没有看这部电影。 ______ of us______ seen the film. 66.我的茶杯里没有水了。 ______ is ______ water in my cup. 67.不是他就是我要到哪儿去。 ______ he ______ I is going there. 68.学生们和老师都不知道这件事。 ______ the students nor the teacher ______this matter. 69.我们家正在一起度周末。 ______ family ______ spending the weekend together. 参考答案 I. 1.is改为 are 2.are改为 is 3.are改为 is 4.have改为 has 5. have 改为 has 6.are改为 is 7.has 改为have 8.go 改为goes II. 9. Is 10.knows 11.is 12.is 13.do 14.has 15.are 16.is 17.are 18.was; were Ⅲ. 19-23 BBBCB 24-28 CBBDB 29-33BDBBD 34-38 DCBAB 39-43 CDABB 44-48 ACBAA 49-53 ACBAD 54-58 AABDB 59-64 DBBDAA Ⅳ. 65. Neither, has 66. There, no 67. Either, or 68. Neither, knows 69. Our, are