经络的生理功能、病理变化与经络学说的临床应用（The physiological function, pathological changes and clinical application of meridians and collaterals theory）

经络的生理功能、病理变化与经络学说的临床应用（The physiological function, pathological changes and clinical application of meridians and collaterals theory） 经络的生理功能、病理变化与经络学说的临床应用(The physiological function, pathological changes and clinical application of meridians and collaterals theory) First, the physiological function of meridians (1) contact the Zang Fu organs and communicate with the orifices; "Lingshu sea theory" said: "Cardiff twelve meridians, belong to the palace complex at Tibet, zhijie." Because the twelve meridians are the five zang organs Furthermore, external access features nine orifices, all the limbs and bones, plus eight extrameridians, fifteen collaterals, tendons and meridians, bark and floating The collaterals and collaterals of the sun and the sun are all over the body, and the shape is like a network, Criss crossed, and the human body gives out the table and passes it down, thus bringing the viscera and organs of the human body, The body, the orifices, the bones and muscles, and the flesh become an organic whole and realize the connection between the organs and organs of each organ in their functional activities The unity of communication and coordination ensures the normal progress of human life activities. (two) the operation of Qi and blood, nourishing the body This "Lingshu Tibet" pointed out: "the meridians, so the blood gas and the camp of yin and Yang, Li Ru bones, joints or...... Description Channels and collaterals have the function of running Qi and blood, regulating yin and Yang, and nourishing the whole body. The channels and collaterals are the passage of Qi and blood, and Qi and blood are the life of human body Moving material base. All the body organs, tissues and organs need blood warm and nourish and moisten, can play its normal Use. Pass the note and the blood circulation depends on the meridian system, distribution to whole body, to warm the body organs of the organization for Yangru run The official maintains the normal functioning of the organism. As the camp gas "harmonic in the five internal organs, with Chen in each", so as to the five internal organs, organs Provide the material basis for the functional activities of transfar. (three) resist external evils and defend the body Because the channels and collaterals can "move blood Qi and Ying Yin and Yang", Ying Qi runs in the pulse, the Wei Qi moves outside the vein, and makes the air tight The whole body strengthens the defense capability of the body, and plays a barrier to resist the external evils and defend the organism. Therefore, the "hidden" Lingshu Said: "Wei Qi and meat solution, skin soft tone, dense Yi cou." Two, pathological changes of meridians (a) and the mechanism of meridian syndromes When the physiological function of meridians is disturbed, the corresponding pathological changes can be produced. The performance and Blood Meridian syndromes in virtual, The reality, the prosperity and the decline are beyond the customs, and also depend on the relation between the organs and organs, the relation between the organs and the places they go through and the relation between the officials and the officials. return Generally speaking, the following aspects are included: Positive example: the pain and swelling that occur frequently along the meridians are mostly caused by the obstruction of pathogenic factors or the obstruction of Qi and blood, which is called "blood injury" "Swelling" and "obstruction" are painful". Such as hand Yangming disease, tooth pain, upper limb leading edge swelling and pain, etc.. Deficiency: multi inhumane, without local paralysis, or functional disorders. Because by qi deficiency in Qi and blood, not Foot, not wing in the meridians, tendons, skin temperature and lost in the Yangru run, and see the petrified and other sensory abnormalities and functional disorder, such as "Paralysis", "thumb, finger without other symptoms. The change of arrhythmia: often the meridians and syncope can appear on various "Jue" card, such as "Lingshu meridians record" arm " Jue "," Jue Jue ankle, shinbone "and" Yang Jue "," bone Jue ", mainly due to the meridian qi disorder or by changes in the degree of loss often By. By failure: when the twelve failure through the air, contact the meridians organs will also be a failure, such as "Lingshu The meridians "contained in the" exhaustion of lung meridian, the skin is parched body hair. The sun, for the temperature in fur also, the gas is not glory, skin parched body hair", That is to explain the dysfunction of meridians and collaterals, and the corresponding organs and tissues in which they go through the road will also undergo corresponding pathological changes and Symptoms. (two) mass injection pathogen and reflect the disease Because the meridians and collaterals "belong to the government and the Zang and Fu, outside the collaterals in the limbs and joints", they make the communication between the inside and the outside of the body and the exterior and interior of the body open Under the conditions of meridian becomes shallow depth by the way of evil, from the outside to the inside of mass injection. Such as "Q - needling theory" said: "Cardiff evil guest In shape also, we must first give up in the fur, stay and not go, into the homes of the sun pulse, stay and not go, into the homes of collaterals, stay and not go, into the house In the meridians, even the five zang organs, scattered in the stomach and intestines." This clearly reveals the external invasion of the human body, along the meridian route through shallow into the pass Change law and pathological change process. For example, the cold evil invasion of muscle, signs of chills, fever, headache and body pain, the evil in Fur, meridians, and intruding into the lung, cough, chest tightness, shortness of breath and other symptoms have appeared. Because meridian has many kinds of contact ways in human body, it becomes the channel of Zang Fu organs pathological changes and influences each other Avenue。 For example, if the hepatic veins with stomach upward, liver qi stagnation, spleen and stomach are often made and appear belching, hiccups, vomiting, Tunsuan Symptoms: renal veins from the kidney through the liver diaphragm, kidney Yin loss and liver yang hyperactivity, then see headache, insomnia, irritability, hot flashes, night sweats Other diseases. In addition, due to the distribution of meridians in the human body and the characteristics of Zang Fu organs and collaterals, the role of meridians and collaterals in communicating with the internal and external contacts, Therefore, when the viscera are diseased, they can also pass through the channels and collaterals, thus causing the tissues of the corresponding parts of the body surface and the orifices of the officials to be different Symptoms and signs. Such as liver hypochondriac pain, swollen kidney lumbago, deafness, mouth sores and so on inflammation due to fire. therefore Under pathological conditions, the channels and collaterals are the reflecting system of pathological changes. A. Three. Clinical application of meridian theory (1) to explain pathological changes 1. explain the route of disease transmission and the law of disease development. It has been stated before and in pathological cases that many diseases of exogenous diseases are pathogenic They all change from the shallower to the deeper, along the meridian route to the interior, and cause the corresponding clinical symptoms. Such as "Lingshu" said: "not all is It is also among the imaginary evil, in the skin, the skin is gently open open cou, evil from hair, into the deep hair stand against the dark, Mao Fali is a cool feeling, so the skin pain. Stay and not go, then pass on the collaterals, in the network when the pain in the muscles, the pain when the interest, The great Sutra is the generation. Stay away from...... Six meridians impassability, limbs limb pain, lumbar spine is strong...... Stay away from Abandon one's stomach...... How cold is your bowel discharge, food is not hot, then pond out mi...... , " 2. illustrates the pathological interplay and transmission pathways between organs. Because there is communication between the Zang Fu organs and meridians, The lesions can pass through the meridians and collaterals. Such as liver stomach, lung burning anger, a water Ling, kidney and lung, liver wind Dynamic mouth oblique vortex, firelight shifting heat to the small intestine, can according to the meridian viscera collateral circulation and to elucidate the relationship between the Daniel. 3. to elucidate the pathogenesis of various pathological changes on the body surface. The pathological process of certain diseases in the clinic can often be related There is tenderness, sensitive spots, nodules, cords or other reactions or skin color on the meridian route or at certain acupoints, Changes in morphology, temperature, resistance, and paresthesia. The disease can be inferred by color vision, palpation and measurement The location of the disease, the severity of the disease and the pathological changes such as advance and retreat. It can be seen that the various pathological changes on the body surface are related to the meridians and viscera diseases Reflection of change. (two) guiding the dialectical tropism Due to the distribution of meridians in each part of the meridian system, there is a difference between the Zang Fu organs and the meridians and collaterals, so they can be classified according to the surface diseases The relation between the location of change and the distribution of meridians and collaterals, and infer the meridians of the disease". For example, headache Differentiation of Meridian: pain in the forehead more and meridian, pain on both sides more and Shaoyang, the more pain in the sun The pain in the top of the head, and more with Du Meridian and foot Jueyin meridian and so on. Also, such as the liver meridian along the line, "less abdominal", "cloth rib rib."", Therefore, two or less abdominal pain, mostly related to the liver meridian, cough, asthma, runny nose, chest tightness, or lack of basin, shoulder and upper limbs Front pain, associated with lung meridian; heart, throat, thirst, yellow eyes, hypochondriac pain, upper limb pain, medial posterior palm Fever and so on are related to the heart meridian of the hand Shao yin. In short, according to the position and performance with the pain syndromes, meridian distribution and The special disease group, is not difficult to conclude that there is disease or viscera meridians. As for the aforementioned pathological reactions of various acupoints or various meridians and meridians The present reactions include hair removal, congestion, anemia, papules, subcutaneous nodules, and changes in skin resistance, as well as Zang, Fu, channel, and Qi The diagnostic basis of the imbalance of blood Yin and Yang and the important reference of the meridian tropism. (three) guiding acupuncture treatment; "Q - Theory" pointed out: "the five internal organs of the menstruation, all out of the tunnel, the blood gas, blood feud, and will result in various diseases Life is death." This shows that all symptoms in clinical, pathological viscera and meridians not reflect. Therefore, traditional Chinese Medicine The treatment of syndrome differentiation should be guided by the theory of Zang Fu organs and meridians, especially meridian theory, which is more direct to acupuncture treatment And important. 1. to guide the meridians and acupoints: usually according to the circulation of meridians and the relation between organs and orifices, according to the meridians, The theory of attending and treating acupoints for acupuncture treatment. For example, "four main points song", "belly three li stay", "low back committee" request, The first item to find out missing, face of mouth and close "is the example of meridian acupoints. 2, skin acupoints: the meridians, organs and skin closely, so the meridians can also be used needle or skin disease Make the needle in the corresponding skin prick, needle embedding therapy. 3. pricking therapy: "Lingshu" officer said: "the needle pricking, the small collateral blood pricking." Accordingly, all channels and collaterals stasis, fire Heat, sthenia pathogenic factors, arthralgia and obstruction, all can be treated by pricking collaterals and bloodletting. Such as red eye swelling and pain, stabbed in the sun bleeding, high fever, God faint, thorn ten Xuan Blood, soft tissue contusion, local pricking blood therapy, cupping therapy, etc.. 4. meridian therapy: tendons disease showed spasm, rigidity, convulsions, relaxation and other symptoms, or a desirable local pain point Acupoint acupuncture treatment. This is the "pain points for the treatment. 5. time: acupoints are closely related to flow and time on the meridian, which has created various time needle. Such as Ziwuliuzhu, Lingui eight, eight ft method, are based on the meridian qi and blood injection, ups and downs, open a rule, with Yin Yang, the five elements, the heavenly stems and earthly reckoning daily on time point open needling method.