cad三维建模命令（CAD 3D modeling command）

cad三维建模命令（CAD 3D modeling command） cad三维建模命令(CAD 3D modeling command) Including tools: layer, 3D production, visual style, light source, material, rendering and three-dimensional navigation, etc. You can create entity models, wireframe models, and mesh models ACAD provides two coordinate systems: the fixed coordinate system of the world coordinate system (WCS, World Coordinate System), and a user coordinate system (UCS), The movable coordinate system of User Coordinate System. By default, these two coordinate systems coincide. Both UCS and WCS are three-dimensional Cartesian coordinates, which conform to the right-hand rule, where UCS is removable, and WCS is fixed. UCS's XY plane is the default drawing The plane is called the working plane. A and coordinate input Three dimensional Cartesian coordinate forms such as X, y, Z or @x, y, Z, the former is the absolute coordinate value relative to the current UCS origin, and the latter is relative to the previous input point Coordinate value. Cylindrical coordinates, similar to the two-dimensional polar coordinates, increase the distance from the determined point to the XY plane. That is to say, the cylindrical coordinates of the 3D point can be passed through the point and the origin of the UCS The projection length of the line on the XY plane is determined by the angle between the projection and the axis of the X and the Z value of the point perpendicular to the XY plane. For example, 10<60, 20 means the point and The projection length of the line of origin on the XY plane is 10 units. The angle between the projection and the X axis is 60 degrees, and the Z coordinate is 20, The relative form of cylindrical coordinates is @10<45,30, which represents the projection of 10 units of the long tail on the XY plane of a point and the upper input point, and the projection is in the positive direction of the X axis The included angle is 45 readings, and the Z coordinate difference is 30 units. When the spherical coordinates are similar to the polar coordinates of the two dimensions, when the point is determined, the distance between the point and the origin of the current coordinate system is specified, and the projection and X of the connecting line on the XY plane are known The angle of the axis, and the angle between the two lines and the XY plane. For example, 10<45<60, representing a distance from the origin of the current UCS, is 10 units, in the XY plane The angle between the projection and the X axis is 45 degrees. The angle between the point and the origin and the plane of the XY is 60 degrees. Ucs coordinate data by default in the drawing area of the lower left corner of the viewport. Represents the direction and origin of the current UCS coordinate axis Ucsicon UCS command Open: display coordinate system icon. The coordinate system icons in the drawing space and the model space are not the same. In the two space, when When the icon is placed on the current UCS origin, a plus sign appears at the bottom of the icon. For 2D UCS icons, if the current UCS Similar to the world coordinate system WCS, the Y part of the icon will display the letter W, for the 3D UCS icon, if UCS is the same as WCS, A rectangle is displayed at the origin of the XY plane. Guan: UCS icon is not displayed. All: modify the application icon to all of the active viewport, otherwise, the ucsicon command will only affect the current viewport. Non origin: no matter where the origin of the current UCS, UCS icon only appears on the lower left corner of the viewport. Origin: the position of the UCS icon moves with the movement of the current UCS origin, that is, the UCS icon is displayed at the origin at any moment. If origin Not on the screen, or icon in the viewport border without clipping and cannot be placed at the origin, icon will appear in the left viewport Lower corner. Features: displays the UCS icon dialog box, which controls the style, size, and color of the UCS icon. Notice the beginning of the dialog box The value is the default value of the system, and generally does not need to be modified. The ucsman UCS management command is named and orthogonal (selecting one of the predefined six orthogonal coordinates, i.e., the orthographic projection direction - one of the current UCS) Settings tab UCS UCS command, Options and Tools menu - > the prompt in the new UCS menu in the corresponding Specify the origin of the UCS, or the face (F) / name (NA) / object (OB) / the last (P) / view (V) / World (W) /X/Y/ Z/Z axis (ZA) > world >: The UCS is moved by specifying a new origin position, and the purpose is to move the UCS working plane (that is, the XY plane, that is, coordinate indication) To the required position. Note: you need to set the display property of the UCS icon for [open] and display on the [origin], the UCS Icon Will automatically follow the new origin and move. The origin of the moving UCS does not change the direction of the UCS axis. The UCS is defined by the specified Z axis vector, which is designed to move the UCS working plane (i.e., the XY plane) to the desired location. That is the Z axis Options. The three point method defines UCS: by specifying the origin, the X axis forward and the Y axis forward to define the new UCS, which is the most consistent in the 3D modeling The new UCS command is often used to locate the UCS working plane on any spatial plane. Specify three points directly. New UCS based on the selected surface: align the UCS working plane (XY plane) with the selected surface of the 3D entity, and create a new UCS. want When you select a face, click on the edge or inside the edge of the surface, the selected surface will be bright, and the X axis of UCS will be found in the first The closest edge alignment on a face. The "face" option. New UCS based on the selected object: the new UCS stretching direction (that is, the Z axis in the positive direction) is the same as the selected object in the stretching direction. That is Object command. After the object is selected, the origin of the new UCS is located at the nearest vertex of the selected object, and the X axis and one edge Alignment or tangency. For a flat object, the XY plane of UCS is aligned with the plane in which the object is located. New UCS with view direction: new UCS for view direction, UCS working plane (XY plane) will be parallel to screen, Z axis vertical finger Towards the outside of the screen without changing the origin of the UCS. View options. This option automatically takes the view direction of the new UCS and ends the command. Rotate the axis of the new UCS: the current UCS revolves around the X axis, the Y axis, or the Z axis, rotating a certain angle, thus forming a new UCS. Around The rotation of the X axis or the Y axis will change the UCS working plane and the Z axis direction. The rotation of the Z axis does not change the UCS working plane, but changes the X axis and the Y axis Direction. That is the "X/Y/Z/" option. You can input positive or negative angle values. From the X axis forward (arrow) to the coordinate origin direction Observe the positive angle so that the UCS rotates counterclockwise around the X axis, and the negative angle makes the UCS rotate clockwise around the X axis. UCS other operations - restore UCS to WCS: "world" option Rollback: restore the previous UCS. The "last" option. After the instruction is executed, the last UCS (if any) is restored Set it to the current UCS. The last 10 coordinates created in the model space will be automatically saved and created in the drawing space The last 10 coordinate systems. Repeat this option to gradually return to the previous coordinate system. Application of UCS in other viewports: the current UCS default settings apply only to the current viewport, can also apply the setting of current UCS To other active viewport. You need to input [apply] after the UCS command. The current UCS settings will be applied to the specified viewport or all Active viewport. V/view open view manager. 6 orthographic views and 4 isometric views can be found in the preset view. When users locate the UCS working plane (XY plane) through the new UCS command, it is necessary to draw new graphics in the UCS working plane Object, if you can adjust the UCS working plane to parallel to the drawing screen, and the UCS of X is axial right, Y axial, will be Drawing operation brings great convenience. Plan starts the plane view command. Current UCS: generating a flat view with the current UCS working plane. This is equivalent to the View menu choose View > > three-dimensional plane view The current - > UCS command. Set the front view UCS: select a UCS from the previously saved named UCS to generate a plane view with the working plane of the UCS. World: generating planar views in the work plane of the world coordinate system (WCS). Vp/ddvpoint view setting command (found in the 3D view options) Relative to the WCS: set the viewing direction relative to the world coordinate system (WCS). Circular angle display box: display and set the angle of view in the XY plane projection and X axis forward angle. Black needle indicating new angle, Gray needle indicates the current angle. Relative to UCS: set the viewing direction relative to the current UCS. Fan angle display box: display and set the angle between the view direction and the XY plane. Self: set the viewing angle X axis: the angle between the projection of the new view direction in the XY plane and the forward direction of the X axis. XY plane: the angle between the new view point and the XY plane. ; Set to plane view Vpoint view command: current view direction: CIEWDIT=x, y, Z The specified point of view or rotation [(R)]< display coordinate ball and three shaft frame: The specified point of view: direct input the new X, Y, Z three absolute coordinates. According to the new viewpoint to coordinate direction generation New observation direction. Rotation: a new viewpoint is formed after rotating an angle of the current viewpoint. Need: Display coordinate ball and three axis frame: set up a new view point directly with coordinate ball and three axis frame. Effect: the coordinate ball is a compass, equivalent to the top view of a sphere, and the cross cursor represents the position of the viewpoint. drag a mouse The cursor moves in the compass range. The cursor is in the small circle, indicating the view point is in the positive direction of the Z axis, and the cursor is located inside and outside Between the rings, the point of view is located in the negative direction of the Z axis. Moving cursor, the three axis frame coordinates display the observation point of the view point in real time You can set the viewpoint by clicking the mouse. ACAD has two drawing spaces: model space (model) and drawing space (layout). In the model space, according to the established model, the user can model the model according to a certain size. At the same time, the model can be represented by multiple views according to the requirement Necessary dimensioning and text. In the drawing space, the same work is allowed. At the same time, the number and location of windows are unrestricted, and users can move windows as objects of ACAD, Copy and other editing operations. The two drawing space is switched at the bottom of the drawing area. By default the drawing area as a viewport. May also be required to leave the drawing area divided into a plurality of viewport, different visual settings in all viewports Points or views are used to observe the different sides of the 3D model from different directions. Set multiple viewports, 3D modeling or editing in one viewport, The operation result can also appear in other viewport. Created in the model space viewport called model space viewport created in the drawing space in the viewport is called the viewport layout. Four viewport settings: 1, four - > View > viewport viewport view; also can use the V command to open the viewport settings window; 2, select the upper left viewport View > 3D view - > main view; 3, select the left under the viewport View > 3D view - > view; 4, selected the right viewport view - > 3D view - > left view; 5, selected the right viewport view - > 3D view - > SW isometric; 6, keep the right viewport as the active viewport, select the View menu - > > visual style concept of command, in the lower right viewport 3D color model. Different viewports can set different UCS Through the dialog box vports/viewports viewport settings can be quickly set up a viewport format Note: starting in model space vports command set is a model space viewport. Is used to specify new two-dimensional or three-dimensional viewport settings, if you choose a two-dimensional new viewport will inherit all viewports when To create the front view settings, if you choose a set of standard orthogonal three-dimensional, three-dimensional view will be applied to the viewport. -vports command set viewport Save the current viewport configuration with the specified name preservation. Recovery will be saved for the recovery of the current viewport viewport name. Delete the saved name viewport. With the two adjacent viewport into a viewport. The single drawing area is set to a viewport (the Acad restore default settings). [] to display all of the viewport named?. [2] and [3], [4] the drawing area is split into 2, 3, 4 standard viewport. When executing this option, Acad Will prompt the user to choose the viewport configuration style, with the same standard in the viewport viewport dialog box. Three dimensional dynamic observation In 2D view, you can use zoom tools and translation tools to adjust views to view, draw, or edit graphical objects. In 3D view, [zoom] tools and translation tools can also be used. At the same time, three dimensional dynamic observation tools can be used to allow users in 3D environments at any angle and Observation of 3D model on arbitrary distance. When you move the workspace to 3D modeling, you can find the 3D navigation area on the right panel. [dynamic observation] can be found by toolbar or under the View menu, and can also be found in the 3D navigation area. Dynamic observation means that in three-dimensional space, the viewpoint moves around the target, and it is observed from different angles. When the viewpoint moves, the target will remain stationary. Target point is The centre of the viewport, and not looking at the center of the object. If the entity is selected and then observed, only the selected entity can be observed, and the rest will be hidden. Constrained dynamic observation of 3dorbit. Used to interactively observe objects in 3D space. The UCS icon in the drawing area will be turned into a 3D color icon, and the cursor style will become a dynamically rotated icon. Press and hold the mouse in the drawing area Left and drag, the 3D model moves dynamically with the cursor (in fact, the viewpoint moves around the target), at the right point of view If you release the left mouse button from the angle, you can adjust the object to the desired observation position. 3dforbit free dynamic observation. It is used to interactively observe objects in three-dimensional space, but the rotation direction is determined by the appearance and position of the cursor. The UCS icon in the drawing area will be changed into a 3D color icon. The cursor style becomes a dynamic rotation icon, and navigation occurs in the drawing area The Ball。 When the cursor is located inside the great circle of the navigation ball, the dragging operation is exactly the same as the constrained dynamic observation. When cursor In the small circle of the navigation ball, the dragging operation can only rotate the object around the horizontal axis or vertical axis. When the cursor is in the navigation ball When the outer circle is large, the dragging operation can only rotate the object around the axis perpendicular to the screen plane, that is, in the plane of the screen. Continuous dynamic observation of 3dcorbit. It is used to interactively observe objects in three-dimensional space and set objects to rotate continuously. Dragging the cursor in the drawing area, the 3D object will rotate along the direction of the drag continuously, and click the left key to rotate Turn stop. The three dynamic observation modes can switch each other when the command runs. When you start any dynamic observation command, click the right mouse button to display the shortcut menu. stay In other navigation modes, a dynamic observation mode can be switched in the submenu. Visual style (that is, the old version of the coloring function is used to set the edges and faces of the 3D model) In view of [] [] - > visual style menu and toolbar visual style [] Vscurrent visual style When the 2D wireframe applies the 2D wireframe visual model to the 3D model, the boundaries of the model are represented by lines and curves, and all of them can be seen without fading Hidden or colored. Two dimensional wireframe is the default visual style of Acad, and the 3D model operation is usually in the two-dimensional wireframe visual style Carried out. This command is only on the active viewport. Raster and OLE objects, line shapes and line widths are visible. Even system variables The COMPASS is set to open, and the coordinate ball is not displayed in the 2D wireframe. Generally use this command to recover from other visual styles Visual style to 2D wireframe. When the 3D wireframe applies 3D wireframe vision pattern to the 3D model, the boundary of the model is represented by lines and curves, and all of them can be seen and not disappear Hidden or coloring, display a colored 3d viewport icon UCS The method of using 3D wireframe visual style is similar to the 2D line frame. You can set the COMPASS system variable to 1 View coordinate ball. Three dimensional hidden 3D model is applied to the 3D hidden visual style, and the 3D wireframe is used to represent the 3D model and hide the back face edge, Display a colored 3d viewport icon UCS. The method of [3D hiding] visual style and [2D line frame] Be similar。 [3D hidden] command and implicit command function is the same. When the real model is applied to the 3D model, the surface and edges of the 3D model are colored and the edge of the object is smooth Slide, display a colored 3d viewport icon UCS. Method of applying real visual style and [2D line] [frame] similarity. When the concept is applied to the 3D model, the surface and edges of the 3D model are colored and the edges of the object are colored Slide, display a colored 3d viewport icon UCS. Methods of applying visual concepts and [2D] lines [frame] similarity VisualStyles visual style manager command 1. The available visual styles in the diagram select a visual style in the list (the selected visual style is wrapped in a yellow box Surround, the parameter area will display the relevant parameters of the style, click the list below the selected visual style applied to Front viewport] button, can be applied to the style of the current viewport. In the parameter area, you can modify the surface settings of the selected visual style, [settings] and [edge settings] and other related parameters Number, thereby modifying the visual style. In which, the edge pattern is specified as "no", and the fast contour edge is set The "visible" is specified as "no", and the shader pattern is the same as the old version of acad. 2, create a new visual style 3. Delete visual styles Subtract difference set Union Union Erase delete UCS _w UCS reset Wedge wedge Cone cone Sphere sphere Cylinder cylinder Torus torus Pyramid pyramid Box cuboid Ext 3D stretching, the command defaults to perpendicular to the direction of the two-dimensional graphics plane stretched, the input tensile height, the default creation Building a column without shrinkage angle. Two dimensional graphics are generally located in the UCS working plane, and the stretching direction is along the Z axis. Drawing height Positive value. The tensile height is negative and negatively tensile along the Z axis. If the two object is closed, the stretched body is a three-dimensional entity, and if the two-dimensional object is not closed, the stretched body is a grid body. The stretching command does not stretch the objects contained in the block, nor stretch the polyline with intersecting or self crossing segments. If selected The fixed polyline has a width that ignores the width and draws the polyline from the center of the polyline. If the selected object has Thickness will ignore thickness. 1) according to the specified height