翻译二级笔译实务模拟3

翻译二级笔译实务模拟3 笔译实务 Section 1 English-Chinese Translation (英译汉) This section consists of two parts: Part A "Compulsory Translation" and Part B "Optional Translation" which comprises "Topic 1" and "Topic 2". Translate the passage in Part A and your choice from passages in Part B into Chinese. Part A Compulsory Translation (必译题) Japan owes a lot to China. Chinese demand for Japanese goods has helped Japan's economy recover, while competition has pressured executives to start restructuring Japan's companies and banks. Japan is an example of how China is offering two benefits to the global economy. One is the way in which China is acting as an economic engine, buying up ever-increasing amounts of goods and natural resources. The other is the flow of inexpensive Chinese goods that drag down consumer prices across the world. There are downsides, like the decline of manufacturing industries from Detroit and Perth. Folks in developed economies losing jobs or taking pay cuts would hardly agree that China's rising influence is a good thing. But at the moment, China's 9.5 percent growth rate is proving more of a blessing than a bane for countries like Japan. Quietly, at the start of this decade, Japanese companies began shifting production abroad, cutting costs, selling off extraneous businesses and paying down debt. 'The government also stepped up efforts to attract more foreign direct investment, something Japan had little use for in the past. Taken together, these actions largely prompted by China's advance, have led to the most organic and convincing recovery Japan has seen in years. While Japan has much further to got to make its economy more globally competitive, it is worth noting how far it has come from the dark days of the late 1990s. There are many benefits inherent in China's advance. One of them was spelled out by Anatole Kaletsky, an editor and economic columnist at The Times of London. He wrote on August 18 that China's rise is making the richest nations even richer. Along with pushing down global prices of mass-produced goods, China's influence may actually be pushing up the prices of products and services China does not or cannot make. That can be seen in the prices of things that China consumes — oil, financial services, luxury goods and real estate. Kaletsky said that as prices of luxury goods and financial services are driven higher, prosperous countries with service industries become wealthier, compared with manufacturing countries. Part B Optional Translation (二选一题) Topic 1 (选译题一) It was a dark and stormy evening, rapidly turning into the proverbial dark and stormy night, and I needed to find a place to stay. I was driving along an Austrian freeway, so I did what I've done on any number of previous occasions: I took the near exit and looked for a sign pointing to the nearest gasthof, or inn. The exit was Gleisdorf, between Graz and the Hungarian border. And off the highway, a couple of kilometers along the road, there it was, a sign at a lefthand turn, pointing up a narrow country road into the dark. The sign read "Gasthof Gruber" — so of course I followed the indication. Fifteen minutes or so later, I found myself in the village of Markt, at a quaint-looking inn whose windows glowed invitingly and whose balconies were full of flowers. A smiling woman in a floor-length dirndl led me to a comfortable room, equipped with a television and private bath. I dropped my bags, went back downstairs, and settled into the dining room, which was heated by a big, old-fashioned tiled stove. Soon I was sipping a glass of sturm, a mildly alcoholic, fleshly fermented grape juice, and digging in to a bowl of delicious soup. The room, with a full breakfast, cost 30, or about $ 36, and my dinner, with wine, cost 10. One of the pleasures of driving in Austria is, in fact, stopping for the night. All parts of the country are studded with family-run country inns that, like the Gasthof Gruber, offer spotless, moderately priced rooms and good, sometimes excellent, food that often features specialties of the region. Room prices average ?25 to ?35 for a single. Some inns are clustered in towns or villages along main roadways. But many are deep in the countryside or in mountain hamlets reached by winding lanes. Standardized green signs bearing the name of a gasthof and the symbols of a bed and crossed knife and fork point the way at many intersections. In popular vacation areas, there may be half a dozen or more such signs stacked on one post or standing next to each other at a turn-off. In years of driving regularly in Austria, I have rarely booked a room in advance, trusting always that I will find a pleasant place to stay by following the signs. I've rarely been disappointed, and often my night in a gasthof has proved such an enjoyable oasis between bouts of long-distance driving that I found it difficult to leave in the morning and get back on the road. Topic 2 (选译题二) For five years I have maintained our nation's solid commitment to scientific research and technological development, because I believe they're essential to our nation's economic growth and to building the right kind of bridge to the 21st century. The balanced budget I will submit in just a few weeks to Congress reflects this continued commitment. And, in my upcoming State of the Union Address, I'll talk more about what we arc doing to keep America on the cutting edge of the scientific and technological advancements that are driving our new global economy. Still, it's good to remember that scientific advancement does not occur in a moral vacuum. Technological developments divorced from values will not bring us one step closer to meeting the challenges or reaping the benefits of the 21st century. This week, like many Americans, I learned the profoundly troubling news that a member of the scientific community is actually laying plans to clone a human being. Personally, I believe that human cloning raises deep concerns, given our cherished concepts of faith and humanity. Beyond that, however, we know there is virtually unanimous consensus in the scientific and medical communities that attempting to use these cloning techniques to actually clone a human being is untested, unsafe and morally unacceptable. We must continue to maintain our deep commitment to scientific research and technological development. But when it comes to a discovery like cloning, we must move with caution, care. and deep concern about the impact of our actions. That is why I banned the use of federal funds for cloning human beings while we study the risks and responsibilities of such a possibility. And that's why I sent legislation to Congress last June that would ban the cloning of human beings for at least five years while preserving our ability to use the morally and medically acceptable applications of cloning technology. Unfortunately, Congress has not yet acted on this legislation. Yet, it's now clearer than ever the legislation is exactly what is needed. The vast majority of scientists and physicians in the private sector have refrained from using these techniques improperly, and have risen up to condemn any plans to do so. But we know it's possible for some to ignore the consensus of their colleagues and proceed without regard to our common values. So today, again, I call on Congress to act now to make it illegal for anyone to clone a human being. Section 2 Chinese-English Translation (汉译英) This section consists of two parts: Part A "Compulsory Translation" and Part B "Optional Translation" which comprises "Topic 1" and "Topic 2 ". Translate the passage in Part A and your choice from passages in Part B into English. Part A Compulsory Translation (必译题) 作为短期项目，中国已经开始中等距离地将黄河水引到大城市里去。但是中国政府还 有更大的计划，作为一个长期战略性项目，它将发起一个庞大工程，南水北调工程。这个项 目由三条路线组成，东线、中线和西线，将分别从长江的上游、中游和下游调水以满足华北 和西北地区对水的需求。这项工程投资5000亿元(600亿美元)，调水量将达380-480亿立方 米，相当于长江年水流量的5%。 这项工程2002年在东线715英里，中线774英里的距离上已经展开，预计到2010年完 工，花费大约为1800亿元(220亿美元)，届时这两条线路将调水160亿立方米甚至更多。花 费最大的西线至今还停留在制图版上。以2000年价格计算，世界银行估计该工程的投资、 运行和维护费用平均大约为每立方米两元。 Part B Optional Translation(二选一题) Topic 1 (选译题一) 避暑山庄位于承德市区北部，是清代最大的皇家园林。 清朝康熙皇帝在为巩固多民族国家的统一，安塞固疆的多次北巡途中，见这里风景秀丽， 气候宜人，离京师又近，遂于1703年在此修建避暑山庄。此项工程历经康熙、乾隆两代， 用了87年时间才告完工。康熙、乾隆每年有半年时间在这里避暑和处理政务。清朝以后， 山庄遭到严重破坏。解放后，人民政府把山庄列为全国重点文物保护单位，并拨巨款进行修 复，使之成为国内外游客消夏和游览的场所。 避暑山庄规模宏大，占地560万平方米，宫墙长达20华里。山庄分宫殿区和苑景区两 部分，景观丰富，秀丽如画。整个山庄楼堂殿阁鳞次栉比，寺观庵斋遍布山壑;绿草如茵， 林木苍翠;山峦起伏，峡谷幽深。 Topic 2 (选译题二) 半个世纪以来，和平共处五项原则经受住了时间的考验，为维护亚洲和世界的和平与稳 定，促进国际关系的健康发展，做出了不可磨灭的贡献。 进入新世纪，世界形势与国际关系都在发生复杂深刻的变化。和平与发展依然是当今时 代的主题。维护和平、促进发展，是各国人民共同的强烈愿望。 和平共处五项原则作为指导国际关系的基本准则，仍然具有重大的现实意义。实践已证 明并将继续证明，五项原则既适用于社会 制度 关于办公室下班关闭电源制度矿山事故隐患举报和奖励制度制度下载人事管理制度doc盘点制度下载 相同的国家，也适用于社会制度不同的国家; 既适用于发展中国家，也适用于发达国家;既适用于国家间的政治关系，也适用于国家间的 经济关系。 中国必须走建设具有中国特色社会主义的道路。它将在维护和促进世界和平中发展自 己。作为拥有13亿人口的发展中大国，中国将一如既往、坚定不移地奉行和平共处五项原 则。 参考译文及采分点解析 Section 1 英译汉 Part A 必译题 [参考译文] 日本从中国得到的好处是很大的。中国需要日本的商品，这就有助于日本经济的恢复，而竞争又迫使主管人员着手对日本的公司和银行进行结构性改革。 以日本为例，可以说明中国怎样为全球的经济带来两大好处。一方面，中国买进越来越多的商品和自然资源，起着拉动经济的火车头作用。另一方面，中国不断出口便宜的商品，使全世界的消费品价格下降。 不足之处也是有的，比如从底特律到珀斯的制造业日渐衰落。在发达国家，有人丢了工作，有人减了工资，他们大概不会觉得中国的影响日益增长是什么好事。 不过，眼下中国百分之9.5%的增长率对日本这样的国家来说，与其说它是祸，不如说它是福。 本世纪一开始，日本的公司就悄悄地着手把生产转移到国外，降低成本，把没有直接联系的工商企业卖掉，偿还债务。政府还加紧吸引更多的外国直接投资，而这是日本过去不怎么加以利用的。 这些举措大都是中国的进步所诱发的，其综合效果就是日本得到了多年不曾有过的最有组织的、最明显的恢复。虽然日本要使自己的经济更有全球竞争力，还有很长的路要走，但是它摆脱二十世纪末的黑暗时期，取得了多大的进展，也是不容忽视的。 中国的进步必然带来许多好处。其中有一条，《伦敦泰晤士报》编辑兼经济专栏作家阿纳托尔?卡莱茨基作了阐述。8月18日他写道，中国的兴起正使得富国更富了。 中国的影响一方面压低了大规模生产的商品的全球价格，一方面可能实际上也抬高了中国不提供或无法提供的产品和服务的价格。看一下中国消费品的价格，就一目了然了间——比如石油、金融服务、奢侈品和房地产。 卡莱茨基指出，由于奢侈品和金融服务的价格上升，服务业发达的国家比制造业国家获益更大。 [采分点解析] 1(Japan owes a lot to China. 日本从中国得到的好处是很大的。 [分析] 用词选词采分点。 owe sb. a lot“欠(债等)，感激，把„„归功于”，可引申翻译为“得到很多好处”。 2(Chinese demand for Japanese goods has helped Japan's economy recover, while competition has pressured executives to start restructuring Japan's companies and banks. 中国需要日本的商品，这就有助于日本经济的恢复，而竞争又迫使主管人员着手对日本的公司和银行进行结构性改革。 [分析] 理解结构采分点及基本素质采分点。 该复合句可以翻译成三个短句。主句的主语Chinese demand for Japanese goods可以翻译成一句话“中国需要日本的商品”，其中，名词demand要进行词性转换，翻译成动词。主句的动宾结构has helped Japan's economy recover要增加主语，翻译成另外一句:这就有助于日本经济的恢复。原句中的由while引导的复合句翻译成第三个独立的句子。 3(One is the way in which China is acting as an economic engine，buying up ever- increasing amounts of goods and natural resources. 一方面，中国买进越来越多的商品和自然资源，起着拉动经济的火车头作用。 [分析] 理解结构采分点。 虽然本句为复合句，但要翻译成简单句。which引导定语从句，用来修饰前面所提到的 the way。One is the way翻译成状语“一方面”，然后用从句的主语China做主语同分词短语 buying up ever-increasing amounts of goods and natural resources翻译成一句话。原句的主语和 谓语部分放在最后翻译。engine意为“发动机，机车，火车头”，在这里选择“火车头”的 含义。但短语economic engine不能直译为“经济火车头”，要增加动词“拉动”，译为“拉动经济的火车头”。 4(The other is the flow of inexpensive Chinese goods that drag down consumer prices across the world. 另一方面，中国不断出口便宜的商品，使全世界的消费品价格下降。 [分析] 理解结构采分点及选词用词采分点。 从句that drag down consumer prices across the world翻译成一个并列动宾结构“使全世 界的消费品价格下降”。flow意思是“流动，(河水)泛滥”，实际上本文指的是中国的商品卖 到国外或出口，所以泽成“卖出”或“出口”。 5(There are downsides, like the decline of manufacturing industries from Detroit and Perth. 不足 之处也是有的，比如从底特律到珀斯的制造业日渐衰落。 [分析] 选词用词采分点。 downside指“底侧，下降趋势”。因为上面提到了优势，这里应该讲其不足的地方，译 为“不利因素”或者“不足之处”。 6(Folks in developed economies losing jobs or taking pay cuts would hardly agree that China's rising influence is a good thing. 在发达国家，有人丢了工作，有人减了工资，他们大概不会 觉得中国的影响日益增长是什么好事。 [分析] 理解结构采分点。 该复合句可以翻译成几个简单句，以便符合汉语的习惯。先把主句的主语Folks in developed economies losing jobs or taking pay cuts翻译成两个小句:Folks in developed economies losing. jobs可以译成“在发达国家，有人丢了工作”;动宾结构taking pay cuts译 成“有人减了工资”。整个句子的谓语及其宾语从句would hardly agree that China's rising influence is a good thing增加主语“他们”，译成第三个分句“他们大概不会觉得中国的影响 日益增长是什么好事”。介词短语in developed economies中的economics不能直接译成“经 济”，因为它实际上指的是经济发达的国家，所以译成“发达国家”为宜。 7(But at the moment, China's 9.5 percent growth rate is proving more of a blessing than a bane for countries like Japan. 不过，眼下中国9.5%的增长率对日本这样的国家来说，与其说它是祸， 不如说它是福。 [分析] 基本素质采分点。 more of„than...“与其说是„„不如说是„„”;blessing意为“祝福”，bane意为“毒 药，祸害”，两者属于对应的，这里应该分别译为“福和祸”。 8(Taken together, these actions largely prompted by China's advance, have led to the most organic and convincing recovery Japan has seen in years. 这些举措大都是中国的进步所诱发的，其综 合效果就是日本得到了多年不曾有过的最有组织的、最明显的恢复。 [分析] 理解结构采分点。 该句翻译成两个分句。原句的主语及其修饰语these actions largely prompted by China's advance译成单独一句“这些举措大都是中国的进步所诱发的”。action指“行为，行动”， 但在此处指的是所采取过的方法或措施，所以译成“举措”或“措施”。谓语动词及后面部 分have led to the most organic and convincing recovery Japan has seen in years译成另外一句 “其综合效果就是日本得到了多年不曾有过的最有组织的、最明显的恢复”。 9(While Japan has much further to got to make its economy more globally competitive, it is worth noting how far it has come from the dark days of the late l990s. 虽然日本要使自己的经济更有 全球竞争力，还有很长的路要走，但是它摆脱20世纪末的黑暗时期，取得了多大的进展，也是不容忽视的。 [分析] 基本素质采分点。 worth noting指“值得关注”，可采用正说反译法，译成“不容忽视”。has much further to got要用增词法，译成“还有很长的路要走”。 10(One of them was spelled out by Anatole Kaletsky, an editor and economic columnist at The Times of London(其中有一条，《伦敦泰晤士报》编辑兼经济专栏作家阿纳托尔?卡莱茨基作了阐述。 [分析] 基本素质采分点。 spell out意为“详细解释，清楚地说明”。The Times of London指“《伦敦泰晤士报》”。 11(Along with pushing down global prices of mass-produced goods, China's influence may actually be pushing. up the prices of products and services China does not or cannot make. 中国的影响一方面压低了大规模生产的商品的全球价格，一方面可能实际上也抬高了中国不提供或无法提供的产品和服务的价格。 [分析] 理解结构采分点。 句中的介词短语Along with pushing down global prices of mass-produced goods可以翻译成独立句子“中国的影响一方面压低了大规模生产的商品的全球价格”同China's influence may actually be pushing up the prices of products...译成并列句。 Part B 二选一题 选译题一 [参考译文] 那是一个风雨交加的黄昏，天很快黑下来，成了大家都熟悉的那种风雨交加的黑夜。我需要找个地方停下来歇息。我当时正开着车行驶在奥地利的一条公路上。于是我就仿照以前多次的做法，在不远的一个出口下了公路，看有没有路标指示最近的旅店。他们管旅店叫“盖斯霍夫”。 那出口名叫格累斯朵夫，位于格拉兹和匈牙利边境之间。下了公路之后，又开了大约两公里，在向左拐弯的地方，果然有一个路标，指向一条狭窄的乡间小路，远处是一片漆黑。那路标上写着“格鲁伯旅店”I我当然就顺着路标指的方向驶去。 大约过了一刻钟，我来到马科特村，停在一家古色古香的旅店门前。那旅店的窗户透出诱人的灯光，阳台上摆满了花。一个女人笑容满面，身穿落地长裙，把我领到一间舒适的屋子里，屋里有电视，还有专用的卫生间。 我放下行李，回到楼下，在餐厅里坐下。那里有一个老式镶瓷砖的大火炉，烧得屋里暖洋洋的。不一会儿，我就端着一杯斯托姆酒品尝起来。这是一种新酿制的低度葡萄酒。接着我又喝了一碗味道鲜美的汤。我的房间，加上全套的早餐，一共花了30欧元，合36美元。我那顿晚饭，连酒在内，共花了10欧元。 其实，在奥地利开车旅行，乐趣之一就是停下来过夜。全国各地到处都有家庭经营的乡间旅店，就像格鲁伯旅店那样，房间一尘不染，价格适中，饭菜可口，有时极好，往往带有地方风味。一个单人房间的租金平均25至35欧元。 有些旅店集中在主要公路沿线的村镇里。也有许多旅店远在乡间，或地处山村，需要顺着蜿蜒的车道行驶才能到达。 在许多交叉路口可以看到 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 化的绿色路标，上面写着一家旅店的名字，画着一张床和交叉的刀叉组成的标记，指引道路。在游人众多的度假区，会在岔路口看到五六个甚至更多上面说的那种路标钉在同一根柱子上，或并排站在那里。 几年来，我经常在奥地利驾车旅行，很少预定房间，从不怀疑只要跟着路标走，准能找 到一个好地方过夜。我还没怎么失望过，而且我常感到在旅店过夜的确是长途驾车途中最愉 快的歇息，弄得我第二天早上都舍不得离开，不愿重新上路了。 [采分点解析] 1(It was a dark and stormy evening, rapidly turning into the proverbial dark and stormy night, and I needed to find a place to stay. 那是一个风雨交加的黄昏，天很快黑下来，成了大家都熟悉的 那种风雨交加的黑夜。我需要找个地方停下来歇息。 [分析] 选词用词采分点。 该句中的并列句and I needed to find a place to stay单独译成一句。proverbial指“有谚语 式的，众所周知的，公认的”，这里可译为“大家都熟悉的”。 2(I was driving along an Austrian freeway， so I did what I've done on any number of previous occasions: I took the nearest and looked for a sign pointing to the nearest gasthof, or inn. 我当时 正开着车行驶在奥地利的一条公路上。于是我就仿照以前多次的做法，在不远的一个出口下 了公路，看有没有路标指示最近的旅店。他们管旅店叫“盖斯霍夫”。 [分析] 理解结构采分点及选词用词采分点。 第一个逗号前面的句子可以翻译成一个独立的句子。exit指“出口，太平门”，此句短 语应为“最近的出口”;sign pointing指“路标指示”。 3(And off the highway, a couple of kilometers along the road, there it was, a sign at a lefthand turn, pointing up a narrow country road into the dark. The sign read "Gasthof Gruber" — so of course I followed the indication.下了公路之后，又开了大约两公里，在向左拐弯的地方，果然 有一个路标，指向二条狭窄的乡间小路，远处是一片漆黑。那路标上写着“格鲁伯旅店”— —我当然就顺着路标指的方向驶去。 [分析] 选词用词采分点。 „into the dark采用切分法翻译“远处是一片漆黑”。read不能译成“读”，这里指的是 路标上“写着”。 4(Fifteen minutes or so later, I found myself in the village of Markt, at a quaint-looking inn whose windows glowed invitingly and whose balconies were full of flowers. 大约过了一刻钟，我来到 马科特村，停在一家古色古香的旅店门前。那旅店的窗户透出诱人的灯光，阳台上摆满了花。 [分析] 理解结构采分点及基本素质采分点。 该句分译成两句。从句whose windows glowed invitingly and whose balconies were full of flowers要单独翻译成一句，作为解释。I found myself in “发现自己在”应采用意译法，译 为“我到了”。quaint意思是“离奇有趣的;优雅的;奇怪的”，...quaint-looking inn...引申译 为“古色古香的旅店”。invitingly在此指“诱人地”。 5(All parts of the country are studded with family-run country inns that, like the Gasthof Gruber, offer spotless, moderately priced rooms and good, sometimes excellent, food that often features specialties of the region.全国各地到处都有家庭经营的乡间旅店，就像格鲁伯旅店那样，房间 一尘不染，价格适中，饭菜可口，有时极好，往往带有地方风味。 [分析] 理解表达采分点。 该句中的spotless, moderately priced...and good, ..., food可以按照汉语的习惯翻译成四字 结构“一尘不染，价格适中，饭菜可口”。 6(In popular vacation areas, there many be half a dozen or more such signs stacked on one post or standing next to each other at a turn-off. 在游人众多的度假区，会在岔路口看到五六个甚至更 多上面说的那种路标钉在同一根柱子上，或并排站在那里。 [分析] 选词用词采分点。 popular是“受人欢迎的、流行的”的意思，这里的area指的是旅游区，所以应翻译成 “游人众多的”。stack是“堆积，在„„堆放”的意思，但该词后面跟的是post(柱子)，所 以译为“钉在柱子上”。 7(I've rarely been disappointed, and often my night in a gasthof has proved such an enjoyable oasis between bouts of long-distance driving that I found it difficult to leave in the morning and get back on the road. 我还没怎么失望过，而且我常感到在旅店过夜的确是长途驾车途中最愉 快的歇息，弄得我第二天早上都舍不得离开，不愿重新上路了。 [分析] 理解结构采分点。 句中使用了such...that结构。that在这里引导结果状语从句，译为“让我或者弄得我”。 oasis意思是“绿洲、舒适的地方”，enjoyable oasis引申翻译为“最愉快的歇息”。 选译题二 [参考译文] 五年来，我保持了我国对科学研究和技术发展的坚定承诺，因为我相信它们对我国的经 济增长和建造通往21世纪的适当桥梁十分关键。我几周后将向国会提交的平衡预算案体现 了这一持久承诺。科技进步正在推动我们的新型全球经济，在我即将发表的国情咨文中，我 将更多地谈到我们正在为保持美国处于科技发展的前沿地位做些什么。 但是最好要记住科学进步并非发生在道德真空中。脱离价值观的技术发展将无助于我 们前去迎接21世纪的挑战，去获取2l世纪所带来的利益。 像许多美国人一样，我本周获知一则令人深感不安的消息:一位科学家正在制定“克隆”人类的计划。基于我们所持的信仰观念和人道观念，我本人认为克隆人类将引发深深的忧虑。然而除此之外，我们知道在科学界和医学界实际上有一种共识:试图利用这些克隆技术去实 际克隆人类既未经过试验，又不安全，在道德上也是无法接受的。 我们必须继续保持我们对科学研究和技术发展的坚定承诺。但当问题涉及克隆这类(技 术)发明时，我们必须谨慎小心地行事并深切关注我们的行为所造成的后果。因此，当我们 仍在对“克隆”人这种可能性进行风险和责任评估时，我禁止将联邦政府的资金用于“克隆”人研究。也正因为如此，我去年六月向国会提交法案，要保持我们的能力，在道德和医学可 接受的应用范围内利用克隆技术，但至少在五年内禁止“克隆”人。 不幸的是，国会尚未对此项法案采取立法行动。然而，现在比以往任何时候更加明确， 完全需要进行这项立法。私营企事业中的绝大多数科学家和医生从未不正当地使用这些(克 隆)技术，并挺身而出谴责任何这样做的企图。但我们知道，可能有些人会置同仁的一致意 见于不顾，无视我们共同的价值观而继续我行我素。为此，我今天再次呼吁国会即刻采取立 法行动，明确任何人克隆人类都是非法的。 [采分点解析] 1(And, in my upcoming state of the Union address, I'll talk more about what we are doing to keep America on the cutting edge of the scientific and technological advancements that are driving our new global economy. 科技进步正在推动我们的新型全球经济，在我即将发表的国情咨文中， 我将更多地谈到我们正在为保持美国处于科技发展的前沿地位做些什么。 [分析] 选词用词采分点及理解结构采分点。 该句翻译时可采用逆译法和切分法。首先把原句的名词短语the scientific and technological advancements that are driving our new global economy翻译成一句“科技进步正 在推动我们的新型全球经济”，然后再译句首的介词短语in my upcoming state of the Union address, 最后再译I'll talk more about what we are doing to keep America on the cutting edge of the scientific and technological advancements。my upcoming指“即将发表的”。State of the Union Address翻译为“国情咨文”。 cutting edge指“锋利的边缘”，引申为“前沿地位”。 2(This week, like many Americans, I learned the profoundly troubling news that a member of the scientific community is actually laying plans to clone a human being. 像许多美国人一样，我本 周获知一则令人深感不安的消息:一位科学家正在制定“克隆”人类的计划。 [分析] 基本素质采分点。 profoundly troubling指“深感不安的”。lay plans指“提出，平息，布置”，这里应该译 为“制定计划”。clone是“无性繁殖，克隆”的意思。 3(Personally, I believe that human cloning raises deep concerns, given our cherished concepts of faith and humanity. 基于我们所持的信仰观念和人道观念，我本人认为克隆人类将引发深深 的忧虑。 [分析] 理解结构采分点。 given意思是“考虑到”，可译为“基于”，引导条件句，根据汉语的表达习惯可放在句 首。“concern”多指“关心，关注”，根据上下文判断，人们对克隆人不仅关注，而且担忧 会带来麻烦，所以deep concerns一起应译为“引发深深的忧虑”。 4(Beyond that, however, we know there is virtually unanimous consensus in the scientific and medical communities that attempting to use these cloning techniques to actually clone a human being is untested, unsafe and morally unacceptable. 然而除此之外，我们知道在科学界和医学 界实际上有一种共识:试图利用这些克隆技术去实际克隆人类既未经过试验，又不安全，在 道德上也是无法接受的。 [分析] 理解结构采分点。 该句可以翻译成表示同位语的句子，即，将Beyond that, however, we know there is virtually unanimous consensus in the scientific and medical communities翻译成小句，其后的 attempting...部分实际上是解释上面的“共识”的具体内容的。 beyond应译为“除此之外”。 unanimous指“意见一致的、无异议的”，unanimous consensus从政治或新闻术语的角度， 可译为“共识”。 5(That is why I banned the use of federal funds for cloning human beings while we study the risks and responsibilities of such a possibility. 因此，当我们仍在对“克隆”人这种可能性进行风险 和责任评估时，我禁止将联邦政府的资金用于“克隆”人研究。 [分析] 理解表达采分点。 在翻译短语 use of federal funds for cloning human beings时，应该采用增词的方式，不 宜直译为“资金用于克隆人”。 6(The vast majority of scientists and physicians in the private sector have refrained from using these techniques improperly, and have risen up to condemn any plans to do so. 私营企事业中的 绝大多数科学家和医生从未不正当地使用这些(克隆)技术，并挺身而出谴责任何这样做的企 图。 [分析] 基本素质采分点。 private sector指“私营成分，私营部门”，在这里译为“私营企事业”。refrain from doing sth. 即“忍住，制止，戒除，控制，克制不要做某事”，在这里可以翻译成“他们从未做过„„”。 7(But we know it's possible for some to ignore the consensus of their colleagues and proceed without regard to our common values. 但我们知道，可能有些人会置同仁的一致意见于不顾， 无视我们共同的价值观而继续我行我素。 [分析] 基本素质采分点。 consensus指“一致同意;多数人的意见，舆论”。 Section 2 汉译英 Part A 必译题 [参考译文] While medium-distance diversion of the Yellow River to large cities has been carried out as a short-term project, the Chinese government is about to start a massive water diversion from South to North as a long-term strategic project. This project is composed of eastern, central and western routes and is designed to divert water separately from the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River to meet the needs of North and Northwest China. The 500 billion yuan ($ 60 billion) project will divert 38-48 billion cubic meters of water, 5 percent of the Yangtze annual flow. Construction has begun since 2002 on the 715-mile eastern route and 774-mile central route, and it is expected to be completed by 2010 at an approximate cost of 180 billion yuan ( $ 22 billion), which will divert 16 billion cubic meters or more. The western route, the most costly leg, still remains on the drawing board. The World Bank estimates the investment, operation, and maintenance cost roughly at 2 yuan per cubic meter on average according to 2000 prices. [采分点解析] 1(南水北调工程water diversion from South to North [分析] 基本素质采分点。 “南水北调工程”是常见的时事词汇。 2(作为短期项目，中国已经开始中等距离地将黄河水引到大城市里去。但是中国政府还有 更大的计划，作为一个长期战略性项目，它将发起一个庞大工程，南水北调工程。While medium-distance diversion of the Yellow River to large cities has been carried out as a short-term project, the Chinese government is about to start a massive water diversion from South to North as a long-term strategic project. [分析] 理解结构采分点。 采用了合句译法，将短期项目和长期项目用while引导成为一个并列的复合句。 3(长江的上游、中游和下游the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River [分析] 基本素质采分点。 “长江的上游、中游和下游”常用的时事词汇。 4( 这项工程2002年在东线715英里，中线774英里的距离上已经展开，预计到2010年 完工，花费大约为1800亿元(220亿美元)，届时这两条线路将调水160亿立方米甚至更多。 Construction has begun since 2002 on the 715-mile eastern route and 774- mile central route, and it is expected to be completed by 2010 at an approximate cost of 180 billion yuan ($22 billion), which will divert 16 billion cubic meters or more. [分析] 理解结构采分点。 原文是多个分句组成的复合句，首先弄清句子主干，主干即是这项工程始于2002 年，预计2010年完工，而“届时这两条线路„„”这一句则翻成工程 construction的定语 从句，这样句子结构清晰明了。 5(花费最大的西线至今还停留在制图版上。The western route, the most costly leg, still remains on the drawing board. [分析] 选词用词采分点。 on the drawing board意思是在计划阶段，在筹划之中，可以表达停留在制图版上的含义。 6(世界银行World Bank [分析] 基本素质采分点。 “世界银行”是常用的时事词汇。 Part B 二选一题 选译题一 [参考译文] The Mountain Resort (Bi Shu Shan Zhuang, or literally "Mountain Hamlet for Escaping the Heat") in the northern part of the city of Chengde was the biggest garden of the imperial family of the Qing Dynasty. In order to consolidate the unity of the multinational state and pacify the frontier areas, Emperor Kangxi went on many tours of inspection in north China. During his tours, he found that Chengde with its proximity to the capital of Beijing was beautiful in scenery and pleasant in climate. So in 1703 he decided to have a summer resort built here. Construction of the project lasted through the reigns of emperors Kangxi and Qianlong and was completed in 87 years. Every year both Kangxi and Qianlong spent about six months enjoying the cool and handling government affairs here. After the Qing Dynasty was overthrown, the Mountain Resort was left in bad repair. After liberation, the People's Government designated it as a major historical monument under state protection and allocated a huge sum of money to restore it so that it has become a summer resort and a tourist attraction for visitors at home and abroad. The Mountain Resort covers 5.6 million square metres and the wall enclosing it is as long as 10 kilometres. It is divided into the palace area and the garden area. The entire scenery creates an effect often seen in traditional Chinese landscape paintings. Rows upon rows of pavilions and halls bejewel the whole resort, and temples and nunneries dot the deep, grass-carpeted valleys and tree-clad, undulating mountains. [采分点解析] 1(避暑山庄位于承德市区北部，是清代最大的皇家园林。The Mountain Resort (Bi Shu Shan Zhuang, or literally "Mountain Hamlet for Escaping the Heat") in the northern part of the City of Chengde was the biggest garden of the imperial family of the Qing Dynasty. [分析] 理解结构采分点。 “避暑山庄位于承德市区北部”不译成主谓结构，而是译成地点状语in the northern part of the city of Chengde。“皇家园林”可译为garden of the imperial family, 也可译为royal garden。 2(清朝康熙皇帝在为巩固多民族国家的统一，安塞固疆的多次北巡途中，见这里风景秀丽， 气候宜人，离京师又近，遂于1703年在此修建避暑山庄。In order to consolidate the unity of the multinational state and pacify the frontier areas, Emperor Kangxi went on many tours of inspection in north China. During his tours, he found that Chengde with its proximity to the capital of Beijing was beautiful in scenery and pleasant in climate. So in 1703 he decided to have a summer resort built here. [分析)理解结构采分点。 原句由多个分句组成，需要断句分别翻译。原句“清朝康熙皇帝在为巩固多民族国家的 统一，安塞固疆的多次北巡途中”是一个状语，在翻译时，可把其中的“清朝康熙皇帝在为 巩固多民族国家的统一”译成由in order to引导的介词短语，“安塞固疆的多次北巡”译成 句子，"Emperor Kangxi went on many tours of inspection in north China"。后半句也译成两个 句子:“见这里风景秀丽，气候宜人，离京师又近”(和“遂于1703年在此修建避暑山庄”。 “离京师又近”译成 with引导的状语。“风景秀丽，气候宜人”是典型的四字结构词组，译 成beautiful in scenery and pleasant in climate结构整齐，意思表达充分。 3(清朝以后，山庄遭到严重破坏。After the Qing Dynasty was overthrown, the Mountain Resort was left in bad repair. [分析] 理解表达及选词用词采分点。 “清朝以后”指的是清王朝灭亡以后，因此用动词overthrow来译。“山庄遭到严重破 坏”译成英文被动语态，有被搁置不管的含义，表示状况。 4(全国重点文物保护单位a major historical monument under state protection [分析] 基本素质采分点。 “全国重点文物保护单位”是常见的时事词汇。 5(Chinese landscape paintings。 [分析] 选词用词采分点。 此处用了将风景比作中国山水画的手法。 6(整个山庄楼堂殿阁鳞次栉比，寺观庵斋遍布山壑;绿草如茵，林木苍翠;山峦起伏，峡 谷幽深。Rows upon rows of pavilions and hails bejewel the whole resort, and temples and nunneries dot the deep, grass-carpeted valleys and tree-clad, undulating mountains. [分析] 选词用词采分点。 原句中又尽是四字词组，要将其所指意象翻出来即可。原文中的“绿草如茵”和“林木 苍翠”并不独立翻译，而是译成了“山壑、山峦”的修饰语。“峡谷幽深”也译成deep valleys。 选译题二 [参考译文] For 50 years, the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence have withstood the test of time and made a monumental contribution to the maintenance of peace and stability in Asia and the world as a whole, as well as to the sound development of international relations. Both the world situation and international relations have undergone complex and profound changes since the beginning of the 21st century. Peace and development remain the overriding themes of the times. Safeguarding peace and promoting development represent the common aspiration of the people of all countries. The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, as the basic norms governing international relations, are still of great practical significance. Facts have shown and will continue to show that the Five Principles are applicable not only to countries with similar social systems but also to those with different social systems, not only to developing countries but also to developed countries, and not only to the political relations of countries but also to their economic relations. China must follow a path of building socialism with Chinese. characteristics. It will maintain and promote world peace through its own development. As a large developing country with 1.3 billion people, China will, as always, commit itself to the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. [采分点解析] 1(和平共处五项原则 Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence [分析] 基本素质采分点。 “和平共处五项原则”是常用的时事词汇。 2(半个世纪以来，和平共处五项原则经受住了时间的考验，为维护亚洲和世界的和平与稳 定，促进国际关系的健康发展，做出了不可磨灭的贡献。For 50years, the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence have withstood the test of time and made a monumental contribution to the maintenance of peace and stability in Asia and the world as a whole, as well as to the sound development of international relations. [分析] 理解结构采分点。 句子的主干即是和平共处五项原则经受了时间考验，在两个方面做出了贡献，因此，只 把“经受”和“做出(贡献)”译成谓语动词，其余的“维护、促进”都译成名词。其中sound development中的sound意思是“健康的”。 3(和平与发展依然是当今时代的主题。Peace and development remain the overriding themes of the times. [分析] 基本素质采分点。 “当今世界的主题是和平与发展”是时事用语中常常出现的。 4(维护和平、促进发展，是各国人民共同的强烈愿望。Safeguarding peace and promoting development represent the common aspiration of the people of all countries. [分析] 理解结构采分点。 “维护和平、促进发展”是句子主语，译成safeguarding以及promoting现在分词短语 做主语。汉语的判断动词“是”不必总译为be动词，这里译成represent就形象生动，用词 也丰富起来。 5(实践已证明并将继续证明，五项原则既适用于社会制度相同的国家，也适用于社会制度 不同的国家;既适用于发展中国家，也适用于发达国家;既适用于国家间的政治关系，也适 用于国家间的经济关系。Facts have shown and will continue to show that the Five Principles are applicable not only to countries with similar social systems but also to those With different social systems, not only to developing countries but also to developed countries, and not only to the political relations of countries but also to their economic relations. [分析] 理解结构采分点。 译文的顺序与原文基本相同，用两个not only„but also把句子连接起来，表示“既„„ 又”的含义。 6(作为拥有13亿人口的发展中大国，中国将一如既往、坚定不移地奉行和平共处五项原则。 As a large developing country with 1.3 billion people, China will, as always, commit itself to the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. [分析] 选词用词采分点。 “一如既往、坚定不移地”这两个词的含义基本相同，译成英文“as always”即可。