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反垄断法保护中石油中石化反垄断法保护中石油中石化 反垄断法适用于央企重组 《反垄断法》的出台将人们的目光再一次聚焦到那些具有“垄断性”行业的央企身上。石油、电力、铁路、航空这些昔日人们眼中的老大,以后是否还会风光依旧? 此前,有媒体披露,央企重组将由国务院做出决定,不需要通过商务部反垄断审查。而《反垄断法》亦规定,国有经济占控制地位且关系国家经济命脉和国家安全的行业国家对其经营者的合法经营给以保护,这是否又在某种程度上排除了国家对央企的监督?《反垄断法》与央企重组是否冲突?中小民营企业是否能够借《反垄断法》维护自身权益?外资在中国市...

反垄断法保护中石油中石化
反垄断法保护中石油中石化 反垄断法适用于央企重组 《反垄断法》的出台将人们的目光再一次聚焦到那些具有“垄断性”行业的央企身上。石油、电力、铁路、航空这些昔日人们眼中的老大,以后是否还会风光依旧? 此前,有媒体披露,央企重组将由国务院做出决定,不需要通过商务部反垄断审查。而《反垄断法》亦规定,国有经济占控制地位且关系国家经济命脉和国家安全的行业国家对其经营者的合法经营给以保护,这是否又在某种程度上排除了国家对央企的监督?《反垄断法》与央企重组是否冲突?中小民营企业是否能够借《反垄断法》维护自身权益?外资在中国市场的行为将发生哪些变化? 近日,记者就这些问题专访了国务院法制办《反垄断法》修改审查专家组成员、《反垄断法》起草专家组成员、中国政法大学教授时建中。 央企也需接受反垄断审查 《21世纪》:据媒体报道,有国资委研究中心人士日前表示,央企重组是由国务院做出决定,不需要通过商务部反垄断审查,您如何看待这一问题? 时建中:我个人以为,这种把央企重组与《反垄断法》对立起来的观点仅仅是基于对反垄断法的误解而不是其他原因。 在《反垄断法》施行之后,任何性质的企业重组,只要达到了经营者集中审查的 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 ,都应当进行反垄断审查,这是法治社会的基本要求和表现。即使央企重组是由国务院做出决定,也需要考虑相关市场的结构、集中度、竞争状况等因素,而这些因素只有经过了反垄断审查程序之后才能被认知得更加清晰和精准,依此做出的决定才能更加科学且不牺牲法治。 《21世纪》:《反垄断法》明确规定,国有经济占控制地位的关系国家经济命脉和国家安全的行业国家对其经营者的合法经营给以保护,对此有人认为这样的规定可能排除了对央企的监督,您认为呢? 时建中:反垄断法的规定和基本原理同样适用于央企重组。 从另外一个角度分析,如果央企重组可以不经过反垄断审查程序,恐怕只能留给民企和外企指责反垄断审查歧视性执法的口实。 反垄断审查虽然会增加央企重组的程序,但这是有价值的。这是因为经过了反垄断审查的央企重组,不仅不妨碍国有资本的调整,现在考量了相关市场竞争状况的因素,可以有效地实现竞争政策与产业政策的协调,这对整个市场经济都是有益的。 《21世纪》:目前我国电信、邮政、电力、铁路、石油、航空都被认为是垄断性行业,《反垄断法》将这些行业产生哪些影响? from young teachers access of website view, integrated class website of proportion highest, up 70.83%, a is integrated class website influence strong, social visibility high; II is integrated class website of various information resources rich, can meet everyone on various information resources of needs. Followed by education networks, educational networks and closely related to the work of young teachers, so the large amount of visitors, access. Third is the search engine, the Internet has been for us to expand our knowledge, sharing resources, and gain more knowledge, open a window, has become an important reason for our use of the Internet. But what is worth noting is the visitor turned out to be at least the school campus network, my school's website did not meet everyone's needs, mainly because of the small amount of resources, to meet everyone's needs, categories are not rich, and school Web site-building needs to up the horses, fast. (C) data analysis of teachers professional development 1.62nd questions what do you think of knowledge and ability of teachers ' professional development, your lack of student ... Excellent teachers of guide f. School of teachers team construction measures G. School of learning research atmosphere h. other six, and teacherson local evening, and daily of identity, and recognized; ranking third of is other, this reflect we of young teachers reading of publications also has many above by column, also description has they of reading interest widely, and dabbled in quite wide; other for not for analysis. We believe the China education daily, and as the authority of the education system of the people's education press, as too few readers of educators, not normal, it is not. 61st problem you often browse of website is () [more topics] option small meter proportion a,. integrated class website (Xinhua, and Sohu, and SINA, and Yahoo) 34 70.83% b. education network 25 52.08% c. search engine (GOOGLE Baidu) 18 37.5% d. school campus network 4 8.33% e. personal blog 16 33.33% f. professional sex website (literature network, and financial network,) 8 16.67% g. on the NET 4 8.33% h. shopping network (such as Taobao, dangdang, etc) 13 27.08% I. other types of site 5 10.42% j. do not go 0 0% k. effective fill out the passengers were not like the Internet 0 0% point 48 design point is to understand the young teacher's website. As life Internet of we, life, and work has without network has, from statistics data bar see, select "not Internet", and "not like Internet" of are for 0, also can description This is; 时建中:除了你提到的电信、邮政、电力、铁路、石油、航空等,还有银行、保险、证券等都属于管制性行业。这些行业或者由于自然垄断的原因或者由于进入管制的原因,都不是可以自由进退的行业。 尽管与过去相比较,这些行业内竞争的激烈程度已经达到了前所未有的程度,但仍然属于垄断性的行业。同时,这些行业多数关系国计民生,因此又属于公用事业(1992.306,19.82,1.00%,吧)领域,与普通公众的日常生活密切相关。 不可否认,这些垄断行业程度不同地存在滥用优势损害消费者福利的行为,颇有民怨。 对于垄断行业的反垄断效果,直接受制于如何认识和处理《反垄断法》与这些行业的监管法之间的关系,以及垄断行业反垄断执法权的归属。如果简单地认为《反垄断法》与这些行业的监管法之间属一般法与特别法的关系,如果反垄断执法权被行业监管机构主导甚至垄断,那么,无论是发生在这些行业的经济性垄断抑或行政性垄断,执法的效果注定了差强人意。 “抓大放小”的法律 《21世纪》:《反垄断法》出台后,相对于跨国企业来说,国有大型企业反应似乎更加镇定,中国的《反垄断法》是不是更加偏向去“保护”国有企业? 时建中:很显然,这种观点是荒谬的。毫无疑问,我国《反垄断法》从基本精神到具体制度都没有"排外色彩".在所有的制度 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 中,唯一的一个内外有别的条文就是第31条,专门针对外资并购境内企业或者以其他方式参与经营者集中的情形做出了一些规定。 至于国内的一些大企业在《反垄断法》出台之后、施行之后表现的"镇定",原因可能是多方面的。例如,有的企业一直在跟踪着反垄断法制定的进程,并在该法施行之前调整了自己的竞争策略,但是,这些企业并不愿意声张;有的企业可能对反垄断法的执行力度处于观察阶段,谋划着自己的博弈策略;有的企业可能对反垄断法存在误读,认为与己无关;有的企业可能对自己的行为存在误判,甚至侥幸法外开恩。所以,同样是“镇定”,但原因各异,形形色色,不一而足。 而且,我们知道,只有企业的规模达到一定程度的时候,才能在相关市场有更大的支配力。从这个意义上来讲,《反垄断法》是一部“抓大”的法律。 同时,我们注意到,《反垄断法》有若干条款,例如第15条,含有豁免中小企业的内容。所以,《反垄断法》又是一部“放小”的法律。 而且,一旦对中小企业的生存产生影响的垄断行为得到制止,就为中小企业创造了一个良好的生存环境。可见,对于中小企业,《反垄断法》给予更多的是改善生存和发展环境的机遇。尽管如此,但是并不能说《反垄断法》是一部中小企业的保护法。这是因为,如果中小企业实施了所谓的恶性卡塔尔,比如价格垄断协议,同样也是适用《反垄断法》的。 from young teachers access of website view, integrated class website of proportion highest, up 70.83%, a is integrated class website influence strong, social visibility high; II is integrated class website of various information resources rich, can meet everyone on various information resources of needs. Followed by education networks, educational networks and closely related to the work of young teachers, so the large amount of visitors, access. Third is the search engine, the Internet has been for us to expand our knowledge, sharing resources, and gain more knowledge, open a window, has become an important reason for our use of the Internet. But what is worth noting is the visitor turned out to be at least the school campus network, my school's website did not meet everyone's needs, mainly because of the small amount of resources, to meet everyone's needs, categories are not rich, and school Web site-building needs to up the horses, fast. (C) data analysis of teachers professional development 1.62nd questions what do you think of knowledge and ability of teachers ' professional development, your lack of student ... Excellent teachers of guide f. School of teachers team construction measures G. School of learning research atmosphere h. other six, and teacherson local evening, and daily of identity, and recognized; ranking third of is other, this reflect we of young teachers reading of publications also has many above by column, also description has they of reading interest widely, and dabbled in quite wide; other for not for analysis. We believe the China education daily, and as the authority of the education system of the people's education press, as too few readers of educators, not normal, it is not. 61st problem you often browse of website is () [more topics] option small meter proportion a,. integrated class website (Xinhua, and Sohu, and SINA, and Yahoo) 34 70.83% b. education network 25 52.08% c. search engine (GOOGLE Baidu) 18 37.5% d. school campus network 4 8.33% e. personal blog 16 33.33% f. professional sex website (literature network, and financial network,) 8 16.67% g. on the NET 4 8.33% h. shopping network (such as Taobao, dangdang, etc) 13 27.08% I. other types of site 5 10.42% j. do not go 0 0% k. effective fill out the passengers were not like the Internet 0 0% point 48 design point is to understand the young teacher's website. As life Internet of we, life, and work has without network has, from statistics data bar see, select "not Internet", and "not like Internet" of are for 0, also can description This is; 所以,从整体上讲,《反垄断法》在一定程度上就是一部抓大放小的法律,因此,国有大型企业不要盲目“镇定”。 《21世纪》:对于外资并购国内企业需要国家安全审查这一点,相关机构如何有效地将国家安全与正当竞争区别开来?今后《反垄断法》将对外资行为产生哪些影响? 时建中:关于这一条文,首先需要注意的是,几乎所有的国家对于外资并购本国企业都有国家安全审查的规定,这是国际惯例,只是不一定规定在《反垄断法》中罢了。 但是,受制于该法的立法目的,对国家安全的定义明显较窄,不能涵盖《反垄断法》提及的国家安全。这就意味着,我们亟待对国家安全涉及的范围进行必要的界定,建立国家安全的审查程序,明确国家安全审查的主管机构。否则,外国投资者可能会有一些可以理解的困惑和担忧。 尽管我国有很多法律法规明确规定了国家安全,但遗憾的是,均未对其含义和外延进行界定。大家对“国家安全”一词虽耳熟能详,却只能意会而难以言传。 事实上,即使从 规范 编程规范下载gsp规范下载钢格栅规范下载警徽规范下载建设厅规范下载 外国投资者行为的角度维护国家安全,也不应仅仅限于外资并购这一个环节。外资进入的产业领域有可能影响国家安全,外国投资者产品、技术进出中国市场也有可能影响国家安全。因此,国家安全审查应当单独立法,并应加快立法步伐。 反垄断法保护中石油中石化 8月10日下午,2008北京国际新闻中举行新闻发布会,特邀国务院国有资产监督管理委员会主任李荣融介绍国资委成立以来国有企业改革发展情况,以下为李荣融答记者问。 21世纪经济报道记者: 中央企业为了准备奥运会做了很多工作,请问在奥运之后,中央企业下一步的改革重组会有什么具体的 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 和措施?《反垄断法》8月1日的出台,很多人会把它跟中央企业关联在一起,请问它对中央企业有什么样的影响? 还有,中央的政策从“两防”到“一保一控”,请问在下半年的时候我们怎么样计划中央企业的改革发展?谢谢! 李荣融: 关于重组,不仅仅是中央企业。应该说我们国家各种所有制企业都面临这种任务,因为我们国家的集约化程度越来越低。按照国务院公布的,关于国有经济布局调整所要求的,中央企业到2010年将会减少到80户到100户,这个目标不变。至于奥运会以后,会有一个转折,就是由企业自愿组合到转向由国资委主动推进的转变。因为有相当一部分企业不属于国家经济命脉和国家安全的企业,这些企业应该更多地进入市场经济竞争。这个步伐在奥运会之后会加快。 from young teachers access of website view, integrated class website of proportion highest, up 70.83%, a is integrated class website influence strong, social visibility high; II is integrated class website of various information resources rich, can meet everyone on various information resources of needs. Followed by education networks, educational networks and closely related to the work of young teachers, so the large amount of visitors, access. Third is the search engine, the Internet has been for us to expand our knowledge, sharing resources, and gain more knowledge, open a window, has become an important reason for our use of the Internet. But what is worth noting is the visitor turned out to be at least the school campus network, my school's website did not meet everyone's needs, mainly because of the small amount of resources, to meet everyone's needs, categories are not rich, and school Web site-building needs to up the horses, fast. (C) data analysis of teachers professional development 1.62nd questions what do you think of knowledge and ability of teachers ' professional development, your lack of student ... Excellent teachers of guide f. School of teachers team construction measures G. School of learning research atmosphere h. other six, and teacherson local evening, and daily of identity, and recognized; ranking third of is other, this reflect we of young teachers reading of publications also has many above by column, also description has they of reading interest widely, and dabbled in quite wide; other for not for analysis. We believe the China education daily, and as the authority of the education system of the people's education press, as too few readers of educators, not normal, it is not. 61st problem you often browse of website is () [more topics] option small meter proportion a,. integrated class website (Xinhua, and Sohu, and SINA, and Yahoo) 34 70.83% b. education network 25 52.08% c. search engine (GOOGLE Baidu) 18 37.5% d. school campus network 4 8.33% e. personal blog 16 33.33% f. professional sex website (literature network, and financial network,) 8 16.67% g. on the NET 4 8.33% h. shopping network (such as Taobao, dangdang, etc) 13 27.08% I. other types of site 5 10.42% j. do not go 0 0% k. effective fill out the passengers were not like the Internet 0 0% point 48 design point is to understand the young teacher's website. As life Internet of we, life, and work has without network has, from statistics data bar see, select "not Internet", and "not like Internet" of are for 0, also can description This is; 关于第二个问题,《反垄断法》出台,我认为是一部很好的法。因为这部法不反对企业具有市场的支配地位,但是它严格禁止企业滥用市场支配地位。国有企业,特别是中央企业,更应该遵守这部法律,也应该受到社会,包括舆论界,包括人民的监督。但是中国的法律,特别是《宪法》第七条规定,要保障国有经济的发展。因此,这部法律也有它自身的特色。特别提出,它指出是关系国家经济安全和国民经济命脉的国有经济占控制地位的合法经营活动予以保护。人们常讲到我们的中石油、中石化,我可以这样说,据我们的调查,世界上76%的国家只有一家石油公司,剩下20%多的国家也不超过3家石油公司。因此,应该说中国构成了竞争的条件。 我们中石油、中石化、中海油三家企业都进入了世界500强,他们加起来还抵不过美国一家公司。因此,我们重组的工作应该说还刚刚开始。 垄断黑洞考验"反垄断法" 国内公司存有误读 《反垄断法》实施后,引来众多企业关注,相关书籍立即热卖。 《反垄断法》的实施引发一系列相关诉讼,专家分析认为国内企业对此法有误读。 社会意义重大 操作细节缺失 从今年8月1日起,酝酿了14年之久的中国《反垄断法》正式实施,它的实施立刻引起企业的强烈关注,随即相关诉讼相继开始。 《反垄断法》实施引发相关诉讼 《反垄断法》备受业界关注,实施首日便有相关诉讼发生,涉及很多行业。8月1日上午,在北京工作10年、户籍在外地的“北京新市民”李方平向北京市朝阳区法院提交了诉状,起诉北京网通公司利用其垄断地位违法对预付费用户实行差别待遇;随后重庆也出现了“保险反垄断第一案”,引来各方评论,“公平竞争”、“效率”、“消费者利益”成为热点词汇。 专家分析条款细节存有三大缺憾 对于企业的诉讼,中国政法大学竞争法研究中心主任时建中表示,“无论案件的最后结果如何,四家企业选择在《反垄断法》实施第一天运用《反垄断法》维护自身权益,这个行为本身就具有极大的历史意义。”不过,商务部国际贸易经济合作研究院副研究员梅新育表示,旨在反行政垄断的第五章对维护正常市场秩序的意义非常重要,但相关条款却存在将行政垄断的对象限制在货物贸易领域,缺乏相应的财政制度安排,忽视了中国已经相当普遍的逆向歧视问题三大缺憾。 “保险反垄断第一案”惹争议 from young teachers access of website view, integrated class website of proportion highest, up 70.83%, a is integrated class website influence strong, social visibility high; II is integrated class website of various information resources rich, can meet everyone on various information resources of needs. Followed by education networks, educational networks and closely related to the work of young teachers, so the large amount of visitors, access. Third is the search engine, the Internet has been for us to expand our knowledge, sharing resources, and gain more knowledge, open a window, has become an important reason for our use of the Internet. But what is worth noting is the visitor turned out to be at least the school campus network, my school's website did not meet everyone's needs, mainly because of the small amount of resources, to meet everyone's needs, categories are not rich, and school Web site-building needs to up the horses, fast. (C) data analysis of teachers professional development 1.62nd questions what do you think of knowledge and ability of teachers ' professional development, your lack of student ... Excellent teachers of guide f. School of teachers team construction measures G. School of learning research atmosphere h. other six, and teacherson local evening, and daily of identity, and recognized; ranking third of is other, this reflect we of young teachers reading of publications also has many above by column, also description has they of reading interest widely, and dabbled in quite wide; other for not for analysis. We believe the China education daily, and as the authority of the education system of the people's education press, as too few readers of educators, not normal, it is not. 61st problem you often browse of website is () [more topics] option small meter proportion a,. integrated class website (Xinhua, and Sohu, and SINA, and Yahoo) 34 70.83% b. education network 25 52.08% c. search engine (GOOGLE Baidu) 18 37.5% d. school campus network 4 8.33% e. personal blog 16 33.33% f. professional sex website (literature network, and financial network,) 8 16.67% g. on the NET 4 8.33% h. shopping network (such as Taobao, dangdang, etc) 13 27.08% I. other types of site 5 10.42% j. do not go 0 0% k. effective fill out the passengers were not like the Internet 0 0% point 48 design point is to understand the young teacher's website. As life Internet of we, life, and work has without network has, from statistics data bar see, select "not Internet", and "not like Internet" of are for 0, also can description This is; 如击鼓传花一般,涉嫌“垄断”诉讼很快又传到了重庆保险行业协会。据重庆当地媒体披露,因涉嫌垄断,重庆保险行业协会被告上法庭,重庆渝中区人民法院已向原告下发了受理案件通知书。所谓“保险反垄断第一案”究竟是一场“秀”,还是在普遍签署了保险业公约的全国各地都具有标志性意义呢? 专家分析 “游戏规则”不同要区别对待 中央财经大学保险专家郝演苏表示,“银行和保险等金融行业有着跟其他行业不同的‘游戏规则’,它们有自身的特点,有的时候某些场合金融业的统一行动是必须的,是维护金融稳定的举措。”而一直关注车险领域保险案件的北京律师刘家辉则认为,如果重庆保险行业协会的约定破坏了市场竞争原则,制造了不公平就涉嫌垄断。“保监会规定车险最高折扣是7折,而重庆单方面约定是8折,如果这是由重庆当地的车险经营实际情况所决定,就应该向消费者公布相应的数据,便于车主理解当地车险费率制定的原因。” 国有巨头与外资企业反应不一 事实上,包括铁路、电信、石油等国内公认垄断嫌疑最大的行业将首当其冲。如何在我国审计市场公平对待市场主体,也已经成为一个无法回避的话题。不过,《反垄断法》在电力、电信、铁路、航空、银行等垄断程度较高的领域几乎未听到任何积极回应。 与内资企业泰然处之形成鲜明对比的是,外资企业对《反垄断法》出台的反应要激烈得多。据媒体报道,在《反垄断法》实施前,英特尔公司为适应该法实施作出一项重要调整,对涉嫌垄断的经销商广告补助由此前最高的50%降到20%以内。此外,微软也一再强调它对于中国信息产业的贡献,“我们一直努力确保遵守有关公平竞争的法律制度”。 专家分析 国内公司对《反垄断法》存有误读 时建中表示,一些国内公司对《反垄断法》的条文本身有一些误读,《反垄断法》第七条的意思是说国有经济占控制地位的、关系国计民生的那些国有企业,它的经营活动是受到法律保护的。“这就是说,一方面《反垄断法》要保护企业的合法经营活动,另一方面却仍然要约束你。而且还有一点,从第七条我们解读不出任何要对国有企业进行豁免的相关规定”。也有业内专家表示,《反垄断法》对于内外资企业的要求标准是一致的。不过,由于现在还缺乏实施细则,《反垄断法》如何具体操作仍存在悬念。 专家观察 反垄断应成为全社会的价值观 ?时建中 from young teachers access of website view, integrated class website of proportion highest, up 70.83%, a is integrated class website influence strong, social visibility high; II is integrated class website of various information resources rich, can meet everyone on various information resources of needs. Followed by education networks, educational networks and closely related to the work of young teachers, so the large amount of visitors, access. Third is the search engine, the Internet has been for us to expand our knowledge, sharing resources, and gain more knowledge, open a window, has become an important reason for our use of the Internet. But what is worth noting is the visitor turned out to be at least the school campus network, my school's website did not meet everyone's needs, mainly because of the small amount of resources, to meet everyone's needs, categories are not rich, and school Web site-building needs to up the horses, fast. (C) data analysis of teachers professional development 1.62nd questions what do you think of knowledge and ability of teachers ' professional development, your lack of student ... Excellent teachers of guide f. School of teachers team construction measures G. School of learning research atmosphere h. other six, and teacherson local evening, and daily of identity, and recognized; ranking third of is other, this reflect we of young teachers reading of publications also has many above by column, also description has they of reading interest widely, and dabbled in quite wide; other for not for analysis. We believe the China education daily, and as the authority of the education system of the people's education press, as too few readers of educators, not normal, it is not. 61st problem you often browse of website is () [more topics] option small meter proportion a,. integrated class website (Xinhua, and Sohu, and SINA, and Yahoo) 34 70.83% b. education network 25 52.08% c. search engine (GOOGLE Baidu) 18 37.5% d. school campus network 4 8.33% e. personal blog 16 33.33% f. professional sex website (literature network, and financial network,) 8 16.67% g. on the NET 4 8.33% h. shopping network (such as Taobao, dangdang, etc) 13 27.08% I. other types of site 5 10.42% j. do not go 0 0% k. effective fill out the passengers were not like the Internet 0 0% point 48 design point is to understand the young teacher's website. As life Internet of we, life, and work has without network has, from statistics data bar see, select "not Internet", and "not like Internet" of are for 0, also can description This is; 随着《反垄断法》的实施,我们期待着该法成为“行动中的法律”。为了确保正确的“行动”方向,须高度重视该法第一条,即“为了预防和制止垄断行为,保护市场公平竞争,提高经济运行效率,维护消费者利益和社会公共利益,促进社会主义市场经济健康发展,制定本法”。解读这一条,可以提炼出三个关键词,即“公平竞争”、“效率”、“消费者利益”。它们明确了这部法律所追求的目标,是理解《反垄断法》的钥匙,是《反垄断法》施行的指南,是判断《反垄断法》实施效果的三个维度。 《反垄断法》的实施,需以准确把握法的内容为前提。一旦《反垄断法》被误读甚至曲解,在实施过程中必将遭遇更多的观念上的挑战和利益集团的阻遏。如果错误地把《反垄断法》与发展规模经济、央企重组、对外开放、知识产权保护相对立,错误地把达到审查标准的企业并购等同于违法、把经营者集中的审查等同于禁止,就难以形成正确的反垄断法律意识,难以培育优质的竞争文化,难以营造实施《反垄断法》所必需的社会文化。在我们这样一个缺少反垄断传统的国度,宣传普及《反垄断法》的工作任重道远。 《反垄断法》的实施离不开公众的积极参与。我国《反垄断法》确立了行政主导型的实施体制。对涉嫌垄断行为,任何单位和个人有权向反垄断执法机构举报。举报采用书面形式并提供相关事实和证据的,反垄断执法机构应当进行必要的调查。反垄断执法机构不进行调查时,举报人还可依法提起针对反垄断执法机构的行政诉讼。行政主导型的实施体制,可以节约公众运用《反垄断法》的成本。当然,公众若因垄断行为而受害时,也可依该法提起民事诉讼,请求司法救助。可见,《反垄断法》要成为行动中的法律需要公众行动起来。离开了公众的积极参与,《反垄断法》将面临实施机制失灵的风险。 总之,《反垄断法》的有效实施,需要高效的执法体制、经营者的自律、公众的积极参与,更需要把反垄断培育成为全社会的价值观。 商务部专设部门审查反垄断 日前从商务部获悉,商务部新“三定” 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 获国务院批准。根据商务部公布的《商务部主要职责内设机构和人员编制规定》,商务部成立反垄断局,承担《反垄断法》规定的国务院反垄断委员会具体工作。 《规定》对反垄断局的职责描述为:“依法对经营者集中行为进行反垄断审查;指导我国企业在国外的反垄断应诉工作;开展多双边竞争政策国际交流与合作。” 此外,《规定》将进出口企业经营资格备案职责交给地方政府,将贸易投资促进、援外项目招标、主办的相关会展活动等的具体组织工作交给事业单位;《规定》还取消了商务部直接办理与企业有关的评比及品牌评定活动、编报并执行机电产品配额年度进口方案、对引进技术的再出口进行监督的职责。 from young teachers access of website view, integrated class website of proportion highest, up 70.83%, a is integrated class website influence strong, social visibility high; II is integrated class website of various information resources rich, can meet everyone on various information resources of needs. Followed by education networks, educational networks and closely related to the work of young teachers, so the large amount of visitors, access. Third is the search engine, the Internet has been for us to expand our knowledge, sharing resources, and gain more knowledge, open a window, has become an important reason for our use of the Internet. But what is worth noting is the visitor turned out to be at least the school campus network, my school's website did not meet everyone's needs, mainly because of the small amount of resources, to meet everyone's needs, categories are not rich, and school Web site-building needs to up the horses, fast. (C) data analysis of teachers professional development 1.62nd questions what do you think of knowledge and ability of teachers ' professional development, your lack of student ... Excellent teachers of guide f. School of teachers team construction measures G. School of learning research atmosphere h. other six, and teacherson local evening, and daily of identity, and recognized; ranking third of is other, this reflect we of young teachers reading of publications also has many above by column, also description has they of reading interest widely, and dabbled in quite wide; other for not for analysis. We believe the China education daily, and as the authority of the education system of the people's education press, as too few readers of educators, not normal, it is not. 61st problem you often browse of website is () [more topics] option small meter proportion a,. integrated class website (Xinhua, and Sohu, and SINA, and Yahoo) 34 70.83% b. education network 25 52.08% c. search engine (GOOGLE Baidu) 18 37.5% d. school campus network 4 8.33% e. personal blog 16 33.33% f. professional sex website (literature network, and financial network,) 8 16.67% g. on the NET 4 8.33% h. shopping network (such as Taobao, dangdang, etc) 13 27.08% I. other types of site 5 10.42% j. do not go 0 0% k. effective fill out the passengers were not like the Internet 0 0% point 48 design point is to understand the young teacher's website. As life Internet of we, life, and work has without network has, from statistics data bar see, select "not Internet", and "not like Internet" of are for 0, also can description This is;
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