并列句和状语从句教案

2010级高三英语一轮复习语法专题（三） 并列句和状语从句 主备人 王凤莲 李 景 自备人   时间 2012.10.20 学习目标 1. 了解高考题语法命题特点 2. 复习并列句和状语从句的知识要点 3. 做近5年高考题 学习重点 1．掌握并列句和状语从句的基本用法。 2．通过做近5年高考题将语法知识熟练掌握。 学习难点 状语从句与名词性从句的区别 学习过程 内容完善 并列句 句子的种类：句子按用途分为四类：陈述句，疑问句，祈使句和感叹句。 句子按结构可分为：简单句，并列句和复合句。 1.简单句：①主语+谓语 ②主语+谓语+宾语 ③主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 ④主语+谓语+宾语+宾语 ⑤主语+系动词+表语 2.并列句：①表递进关系：and; not only...but also...; neither...nor...; not...but...等 ②表选择关系：or; either...or...; otherwise等 ③表转折关系：but; yet等 ④表因果关系：so; for 3.复合句：句子中只要有一个从句，该句就叫主从复合句。从句分为： ①定语从句 ②名词性从句：主语从句；宾语从句；表语从句；同位语从句 ③状语从句 状语从句 在复合句中，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词的从句，叫状语从句。按意义分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、让步、比较等9种状语从句。 I. 时间状语从句 引导词有：when, while, as（当……时）； as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the instant, the moment, the minute, no sooner... than, hardly/scarcely... when； till, until, not... until； every time, each time, next time, the first time, the last time, anytime, after, before, since 等。 注意： 1. 时间状语从句一般不用将来时，而用一般时代替，也可用现在完成时代替将来完成时。 Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. 直到车停稳才能下车。 2. when 既可指某一点时间，也可指一段时间；while强调一段时间，所以从句的谓语动词常是延续性的；as强调从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时发生，可译为“一边……，一边……”或“随着……”。 As time goes on, it’s getting warmer and warmer. 3. no sooner... than, hardly/scarcely... when 这一结构需注意：主句谓语动词用过去完成时，而从句谓语动词用一般过去时；当把no sooner, hardly和scarcely提至句首时，主句应为倒装语序。 I had hardly got home when it began to rain. Hardly had I got home when it began to rain. 4. till 和until都表示“直到...”。在肯定句中表示“直到……为止”，主句要用延续性动词；在否定句中表示“直到……才”，主句通常用中止性动词。not until... 在句首时主句要半倒装。 not...until句型中的强调和倒装用法： It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it. Not until you told me did I have any idea of it. 5. It will be + 一段时间+ before+一般现在时 It was+ 一段时间+ before+一般过去时 “一段时间之后才……” 6. It is/ has been +一段时间+since+一般过去时 “自从……以来多长时间”。 II. 地点状语从句 引导词有where, wherever等。 注意：区分where引导的定语从句与状语从句。 You’d better make a mark where you have any questions. （状语从句） You’d better make a mark at the place where you have any questions. （定语从句） III. 原因状语从句 由because, as, since, now that (既然；由于), seeing that (鉴于；由于), considering (that) (鉴于；考虑到……)等连词引导。 IV. 目的状语从句 由连词so that, in order that, for fear that, in case等引导，从句谓语动词多用can, could, may, might等情态动词。 The boy hid himself behind the tree in case / for fear that his father should see him. V. 结果状语从句 连词有so... that; such... that等。 注意： 当so+adj./adv.置于句首时，要用半倒装。 So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems. VI. 条件状语从句 引导词有if; unless; so/as long as; in case; on condition that; suppose/ supposing (that) (假定); provided/ providing (that) (如果；假如；在……条件下);once(一旦……就)等。 Suppose/ Supposing it rains tomorrow, what shall we do? 注意： 条件状语从句一般不用将来时，而用一般时代替。 VII. 方式状语从句 引导词有：as; as if; as though VIII. 让步状语从句 引导词有although/ though; as (虽然，尽管); even if/ though (即使); while (虽然); whether... or... (不论... 还是); whoever, no matter who; whenever, no matter when; however; no matter how; whatever, no matter what等。 注意： 1. as 引导让步状语从句必须倒装，即：从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首；若表语是可数名词单数，前置时要省略冠词。 Child as he is, he knows a lot. Much as I like it, I won’t buy it, for it’s too expensive. Try as he might, he could no find a job. 2. though引导的从句也可以像as引导的从句一样用倒装语序，但是although引导的从句只能用正常语序。 3. although与though都可以与yet, still等连用，但不能和but 连用。 Although/ though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football. IX. 比较状语从句 连词有as...as (和……一样); not as/so...as (不如……); than (比……)等。 X. 状语从句的省略 1. 当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时且从句中含be 动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和系动词be。 While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called. If (it is ) carried out regularly, proper amounts of exercise can improve our health. 2. 当从句的主语是it，谓语动词中又含有系动词be时，可以把it 和系动词be一起省略，此时构成：连词（if; unless, when, whenever）+形容词(possible, necessary)。 If (it is) necessary, you’d better refer to the dictionary. 链接高考 1. A number of high buildings have arisen _______ there was nothing a year ago but ruins. A. when B. where C. before D. until (2012山东) 2. He smiled politely ______ Mary apologized for her drunken friends. (2012山东) A. as B. if C. unless D. though 3. ---Shall we have our picnic tomorrow? （09 山东） ---_______ it doesn’t rain. A. Until B. while C. Once D. If 4. The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, _____ accompanied by an adult. （10 山东） A. once B. when C. if D. unless 5. Find ways to praise your children often, ______ you’ll find they will open their hearts to you. A. till B. or C. and D. but （11 山东） 6. He had his camera ready ______ he saw something that would make a good picture. A. even if B. if only C. in case D. so that （11 山东） 7. I had hardly got to the office ______ my wife phoned me to go back home at once. A. when B. than C. until D. after (2012全国II) 8. You have to move out of the way ______ the truck cannot get past you. (2012全国I) A. so B. or C. and D. but 9. Leave your key with your neighbor _________ you lock yourself out one day. (2012辽宁) A. as long as B. even though C. in case D. as if 10.—Coach, can I continue with the training? —Sorry, you can’t ______ you haven’t recovered from the knee injury. (2012重庆) A. until B. before C. as D. unless 11. It is hard for the Greek government to get over the present difficulties_________ it gets more financial support from the European Union. (2012福建) A. if B. unless C. because D. since 12. You can borrow my car _________ you promise not to drive too fast. (2012江西) A．unless B．even if C．in case D．as long as 13. Hot _______the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey. A. although B. as C. while D. however (2012陕西) 14. All the photographs in this book, _______ stated otherwise, date from the 1950s. A. unless B. until C. once D. if (2012陕西) 15. —Look at those clouds! —Don’t worry. ______ it rains, we’ll still have a great time. (2012北京) A. Even if B. As though C. In case D. If only   教后反思