四级写作技巧训练

四级写作技巧训练 A. 现象、问题解决型论说文Traffic Jam ,Traffic jam has become a serious social problem. ,Traffic jam is affecting many aspects of people’s life. ,In my opinion, the following two methods may solve it. the increasing number of cars fail to go to work on time/students go to class late For example, A lot of time is wasted on the road Besidesit even causes problems to the social order the number of cars on the road has to be reduced by using public transportation systemsFirst, Second traffic regulations to avoid traffic accidents and relieve traffic jam In a word, serious as it is, traffic jam can be relieved sooner or later if some effective measures are taken. Traffic Jam (1) 交通堵塞已成为一个严重的社会问题 (2) 交通堵塞给人们生活带来的影响 (3) 如何解决这一问题 ? 引出话题的常用句式 , 1. It is universally a fact that (社会现象). , 2. Nowadays, more and more people are concerned about the problem of… , 3. Recently, the issue,problem,question of…has been brought to public attention. ? 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 原因的常用句式 , 1(Here are several reasons for it. First…Second…Finally… , 2(The reasons can be listed as follows. For one thing, … For another… , 3. What has possibly contributed to this problem? In the first place… In the second place… , 4(Perhaps the main,primary,most important reason is… , 5. … is also,partly,chiefly responsible for the problem. , 6(A number of factors could account for,lead to,contribute to,result in… ?提出解决 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 的常用句式 , 1(The first key factor to solve this problem is… Another key factor is… , 2(People have found many solutions to dealing with this problem. , 3(We can figure out many ways to relieve the present crisis. , 4(Then, how should we solve this problem? Here are some suggestions, which may be of some help. , 5(Faced with…, we should take some effective measures to cope with the situation. 1 , 1(有人认为中国的大学英语教学很不成功(如:大 学 英语毕业生英语说不好，听不懂，写不出) , 2(认为失败的原因是…… , 3(你的建议 College English Teaching in China , Nowadays, there are more and moral people complaining that English teaching at college is a complete failure. After four year English learning, most graduates can’t properly communicate with foreigners, nor can they translate between languages, let alone write in English. Where do the problems lie? , To some extent, I think, it is reasonable for those people to say so. To begin with, English teaching at college is, to a large degree，teacher-centered. It is still not uncommon in the classroom that the teacher explains every language point in detail, while students take notes at times. , Secondly, culture is neglected in English teaching because of poor text design. With a great deal of grammar and structure exercises in the textbook, students are misled into memorizing a large vocabulary and a lot of English rules. Few students know how, when and where to use them properly. Finally, test-oriented education, in a sense, misleads college English teaching in China. For instance, college English Test Band Four/Six is so overemphasized in some colleges that teachers strive to meet the needs of the test, sacrificing learning for the sake of test results, and students only learn how to pass the examination. In conclusion, Chinese college English teaching is to be reformed. English teaching should be student-centered, culture should be introduced in language teaching, and textbooks should be well designed to arouse students’ interest in learning to communicate in English. B. 对立观点型论说文 (1) 有人认为钱是幸福之源(source of happiness) (2) 有人认为钱是万恶之源(root of all evil) (3) 我的看法 Is Money Everything? What is money? To this question, different people hold different answers. Some think that money is the source of happiness. In their eyes, money means massive houses, beautiful clothes, or luxurious cars, and enables them and their families to live comfortably. They even believe that money can bring power, friendship, and love. However, some believe money is the root of all evil. To illustrate, they say that due to the temptation of money some people become thieves, robbers, or murderers. It is also out of the greed for money, they will say, that some officials forget their duty and cause enormous losses to the country. In fact, money is merely a medium of exchange. It may bring you happiness; it may lead you to a life of crime. Whether it is good or bad depends on how it is used. There has been a debate over (中心问题). Some people believe that (观点1). They insist that (观点1之理由). Other people however, insist that (观点2). They believe (观点2之理由). In my opinion, (我的观点). 2 There are three reasons for my opinion. First of all, (理由1). (展开). Furthermore, (理由 2). (展开). Finally, (理由3). (展开). Conclusively, (重复我的观点). (展开). , 1 很多人认为有必要进行口语考试，理由是… , 2 也有人持不同的意见，… , 3 我的看法和打算. Is a Test of Spoke English Necessary? A test of spoke English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test (CET). Is it necessary to hold or take such a test? People differ in their answers. (To this question, different people hold different answers.) Many people think it necessary. Reasons: To illustrate, they say that some students have taken many written tests, but few of them can express themselves freely in spoken English. And If people can’t speak a word of it, what’s the sense of learning it and what do those high marks mean? Furthermore, they believe that it’s a challenge and opportunity to improve students’ language ability. However, there are also people who think differently. Reasons: They think that there’re pains in preparation for such a new kind of test; There is also uncertainty about reliability and objectivity of the marking system, which may depend mainly on human scoring instead of machine scoring; As far as I’m concerned, I feel encouraged and regard it as a challenge and opportunity to improve my language ability and career potentials. I’m determined to practice my oral English more often, and if I am qualified for such a test, I will not hesitate a moment to apply for it. (1) 名校校园正成为旅游新热点 (2) 校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同 (3) 我认为…… Should University Campus Be Open to Tourists? In recent years, some famous universities have opened their campus to tourists. For example, Peking University and Qinghua University have become tourist attractions to tourists to Beijing. However, people’s opinions vary about if universities should open their campus to tourists. Some think it may help make the universities more famous and attract more prospective students. However, others think it may disturb the study of students on campus and the order and security of campus. To my mind, university campus shouldn’t be open to tourists for two main reasons. First, university campus is a place for academic study and research rather than for sightseeing. Second, tourists may upset the quiet of university campus. Conclusively, university campus should not be open to tourists. ? 点明文章主题的常用句式 , 1. . . . has become a hot topic among people recently. Opinions towards it vary from person to person. 3 , 2. There is an argument,much disagreement,among people over,as to,on. . . , 3. Different people have / hold /take different views,perspectives on. . . , 4. When it comes to/asked about. . . different people will offer different answers. ? 具体介绍两种对立观点的常用句式 , 1. Some people suggest,maintain,hold the opinion that. . . But , However , While ,Nevertheless,Yet, other people hold a different point of view. . . , 2. Some people think that. . . On the contrary,In contrast, there are still many people who won’t agree, and they claim. . . , 3. When it comes to. . . some people think,believe that. . . while others argue,claim that the opposite is true. , 4. Now it is commonly,generally,widely,universally thought,accepted,believed ,held that. . . But I wonder,doubt whether. . . ? 陈述自己观点的常用句式 , 1. For my part,As to me,As far as I am concerned, I’d like to agree to the former,my favor goes to the first view. , 2. In my opinion, both sides are partly right. When we. . . we should take into consideration all aspects of the problems and then make the right decision. , 3. There is probably some truth in both arguments,statements, but. . . , C. 利弊型论说文 , Owning a Car , 1)拥有汽车的好处; , 2)拥有汽车的坏处; , 3)你的看法，观点。 , With the development of modern society, cars are entering ordinary families. , T.S.---there are some advantages of… first, second, third to begin with, furthermore, moreover; , provide sb. with sth. form of transportation , it is +adj. for sb. to do sth. especially… , show prosperity/success , T.S.---disadvantages However…/From a certain point of view, these remarks may sound reasonable. But… For one thing, besides, in addition, , occupy/take up , be careful/cautious, or/otherwise possible, probable, likely It is probable/likely that traffic accidents would happen. Traffic accidents are likely to happen. Traffic accidents would probably happen. , give off poisonous gases which pollute… , T.S.--- Despite all the disadvantages mentioned above, In my opinion/As far as I’m concerned/ Personally In fact/As a matter of fact/Actually …are greater than… / outweigh 4 ?说明事物优点的常用句式 , 1(There are several advantages in, , 2(For all,In spite of,Despite the disadvantages,side effects, it has its c advantages, beneficial effects. , 3( … has a positive impact,influence,effect on people’s lives. , 4( … is playing an increasingly important role in people’s lives. ? 说明事物缺点的常用句式 , 1(However, just like anything else, …has its negative side as well. , 2(Of course, the disadvantages can not be ignored. , 3(However, it still has some drawbacks. , 4(However, just as everything has two sides, … also has many disadvantages. , 5(However, … may also cause,bring about,lead to,result in,contribute to some problems. , 6( As the proverb goes, everything has two sides… is no exception. , 7(However, the negative aspects are also apparent,obvious,evident. ? 表明事物利大于弊的常用句式 , 1(As to me, I think the advantages outweigh,carry more weight ,are much greater than the disadvantages. , 2(Anyway, I still believe…has more advantages than disadvantages. , 3(But for me, I think what is more important is its positive side. 图表型 People Below Poverty Line the issue of people below poverty line has aroused much concern/interest. As shown in the graph/As can be seen from the graph, decreased (typical data) Several factors contributed to the decrease. first second From the analysis above, we can safely conclude that this change will bring us much benefit. However, problem to be solved, such as…But I believe…and eventually…will be solved. Changes in People’s Diet , As shown in the above table, great changes took place in…from …to… On the whole, year by year, while…consistently , In my opinion, 2 major reasons: increase of income/give their attention to the quality of their diet , In conclusion/From the analysis above, we can see that… living standard improved live more and more comfortably and wealthily in the future 5 Expressions increase decrease A Letter of Complaint Dec. 24, 2010 Dear Mr. President, My name is Han Fang, a student of (自我介绍). I am writing to express my dissatisfaction abut the (具体问题). (简述一两句). To solve this problem, I suggest (提出一两条建议). If you can do something to stop this, we would be very grateful. Thanks for your time and consideration. Sincerely/Respectively yours, Han Fang Dec. 24, 2010 Dear Xiao Ming, Very pleased to read your letter which was received the day before yesterday. Thanks for your warm greetings. As for your question of how to prepare for the coming CET-4, I’d like to put forward the following suggestions for your reference only. First, set a reasonable schedule for your preparation and follow it. Second, don’t bother memorizing new words since it is an ineffective way of enlarging vocabulary. Just go over the word list for CET-4 by scanning. Third, write at least two compositions for 30 minutes, at one time and without consulting dictionaries. Fourth, do more reading comprehension, check your choices against the keys and analyze your strengths and weaknesses. Lastly, relax yourself the day before the test to replace energy. Don’t hesitate to contact me if you have other questions. Looking forward to hearing from you soon. Yours, Han Fang 6