肺容积与肺容量

肺容积与肺容量 生理学 教案 共 4 页 授课日期 2012-4-11 课第五章 呼吸 题 课 时 2学时 授 课理论讲授、多媒体演示 多媒体课件，黑板，选用教具 方图示法、板书示意 粉笔，教鞭 式 1(了解?气体交换的动力;?气体在血液中的运输形式，物理溶解与化学结合之间 的关系;?CO中毒的机理、紫绀。 教 2(熟悉?肺泡、血液、组织液O与CO的分压值;?血氧容量、血氧含量和血氧22学饱和度;?呼吸膜的结构。 目3(掌握?肺容量:潮气量、补吸气量、补呼气量、余气量、肺活量、时间肺活量;标 ?肺通气量、肺泡通气量和无效腔;?肺换气与组织换气的过程及气体交换的因素; ?通气/血流比值的概念及其生理意义;?血红蛋白与氧结合的特征; 1(肺容量:潮气量、补吸气量、余气量、肺活量、时间肺活量。肺通气量、肺泡通重气量和无效腔。 点 2(肺换气和组织换气过程及影响气体交换的因素。 3(通气/血流比值的概念及其生理意义。 难通气/血流比值对肺换气的意义 点 课后练习题 作 业 教 学 回 顾 备 注 choose water fountains, water-saving products should be purchased. As compared to open v-Groove type water supply system, sealed nipple water system can save water 81.35% saving bedding consumption 56.3%; sanitation and drinking water, and a variety of harmful gases concentrations decline, increased laying rate 13.79%, economic efficiency improved. Chicken Coop construction should pay attention to several problems, chicken distribution notes: a rational structure of the hen-house layout, can provide a good environment for chicken, making its full productive potential, so other than in understanding the physiological characteristics of the chicken itself, and must be properly planned and constructed sheds. 1. sites to choose away from populated areas, traffic convenient, away from the road 2. Gaozao terrain, a lot of sunshine. Winter sun as possible, summer wind, and not after the rain water. Larger, leaving room for development 3. Abundant water resources pollution-free, easy to access, sufficient power is guaranteed 4. Building structure, the economy, saving money, and saving energy, it is facing in accordance with local environmental and physiological condition, lighting is good, easy to ventilation, easy to operate, so conducive to cooling in the summer, to insulation in winter cold 5. Layout of premises should be reasonable, do distinguish between production and non-production areas and non-production areas and water sources are on a chicken farm in the wind, net road and dirt road separating uncrossed, dung farm is located in the 教 学 过 程 教学活动 课时分配 【导入新课】 复习提问: 提问 10min 1.胸膜腔负压是如何形成的,有何生理意义 2.呼吸和呼吸运动的概念 3.呼吸的三个环节，外呼吸包括, 4.肺通气的动力包括,阻力包括, 教学方法设计: 首先对上次课中讲到的肺通气过程进行复习，然后提出问题:如何对肺 通气的功能进行评价,由些引出肺容量中的各个评价指标，并对它们逐一进 行介绍。其中重点讲述的是时间肺活量、肺通气量、肺泡通气量及无效腔。 最终应说明，肺的通气功能，有效的通气量取决于肺泡通气量，相同肺通气 量时，不同的潮气量与呼吸频率的对比，说明，肺泡通气量才是最能说明肺 通气功能状态的指标。 肺的换气与组织换气都是依靠气体分压差进行扩散，只是在肺与组织气 体扩散的方向不同。在此，重点讲述肺换气的影响因素。首先复习呼吸膜的 结构，由于气体的交换一定要透过呼吸膜才能进行，因些得出呼吸膜是影响 气体交换的一个重要影响因素，这就有呼吸膜的面积及厚度发生改变的时候 都会地肺换气造成影响。此外，通气/血流比值也是一个重要的影响因素，异 常的V/Q比值都将影响到肺的换气，都会使机体出现不同程度的氧供不足。 可运用图解对不同V/Q比值异常情况引导同学们进行分析，说明不管比值升 高还是下降产生的结果都是机体出现总的供氧量不足的情况。同时也对循环 一章中的动静脉短路进行复习。 【教学目标】 1(了解 ?气体交换的动力; ?气体在血液中的运输形式，物理溶解与化学结合之间的关系; ppt 关于艾滋病ppt课件精益管理ppt下载地图下载ppt可编辑假如ppt教学课件下载triz基础知识ppt 展示 5min ?CO中毒的机理、紫绀。 2(熟悉 ?肺泡、血液、组织液O与CO的分压值; 22 ?血氧容量、血氧含量和血氧饱和度; ?呼吸膜的结构。 3(掌握 ?肺容量:潮气量、补吸气量、补呼气量、余气量、肺活量、时间肺活量; ?肺通气量、肺泡通气量和无效腔; ?肺换气与组织换气的过程及气体交换的因素; ?通气/血流比值的概念及其生理意义; ?血红蛋白与氧结合的特征; 【讲授新课】 第一节 肺通气 20min 二、肺容积与肺容量 讲授 choose water fountains, water-saving products should be purchased. As compared to open v-Groove type water supply system, sealed nipple water system can save water 81.35% saving bedding consumption 56.3%; sanitation and drinking water, and a variety of harmful gases concentrations decline, increased laying rate 13.79%, economic efficiency improved. Chicken Coop construction should pay attention to several problems, chicken distribution notes: a rational structure of the hen-house layout, can provide a good environment for chicken, making its full productive potential, so other than in understanding the physiological characteristics of the chicken itself, and must be properly planned and constructed sheds. 1. sites to choose away from populated areas, traffic convenient, away from the road 2. Gaozao terrain, a lot of sunshine. Winter sun as possible, summer wind, and not after the rain water. Larger, leaving room for development 3. Abundant water resources pollution-free, easy to access, sufficient power is guaranteed 4. Building structure, the economy, saving money, and saving energy, it is facing in accordance with local environmental and physiological condition, lighting is good, easy to ventilation, easy to operate, so conducive to cooling in the summer, to insulation in winter cold 5. Layout of premises should be reasonable, do distinguish between production and non-production areas and non-production areas and water sources are on a chicken farm in the wind, net road and dirt road separating uncrossed, dung farm is located in the (一)肺容量 图示 板书 1(潮气量(TV) 2(补吸气量或吸气储备量(IRV) 3(补呼气量或呼气储备量(EVR) 4(残气量(RV) (二)肺容量 1(深吸气量(IC) 2(功能残气量(FRC) 3(肺活量、用力肺活量和用力呼气量 举例 (1)肺活量(VC) (2)用力肺活量(FVC) (3)用力呼气量(FEV) 4(肺总量(TLC) 三、肺通气量 (一)每分通气量 补充 10min 1(每分通气量 举例 2(最大随意通气量或最大通气量 (二)无效腔和肺泡通气量 1(无效腔 (1)解剖无效腔 (2)肺泡无效腔 (3)生理无效腔 2(肺泡通气量 补充:在一定范围内，深而慢的呼吸比浅而慢的呼吸更有效。 第二节 气体的交换和运输 一、气体交换的原理 讲授 15min (一)气体的扩散 图示 1(定义 2(气体扩散速率 (1)气体的分压差 (2)气体的分子量和溶解度 (3)扩散面积和距离 (4)温度 (二)呼吸气体和人体不同部位气体的分压 1(呼吸气和肺泡气的成分和分压 2(血液气体和组织气体的分压(张力) 二、肺换气 (一)肺换气过程 讲授 15min (二)影响肺换气的因素 1(呼吸膜的厚度(通透性) ?肺泡膜的结构(6层) 2(呼吸膜的面积 3(肺通气/血流比值 (三)肺扩散容量(D) L choose water fountains, water-saving products should be purchased. As compared to open v-Groove type water supply system, sealed nipple water system can save water 81.35% saving bedding consumption 56.3%; sanitation and drinking water, and a variety of harmful gases concentrations decline, increased laying rate 13.79%, economic efficiency improved. Chicken Coop construction should pay attention to several problems, chicken distribution notes: a rational structure of the hen-house layout, can provide a good environment for chicken, making its full productive potential, so other than in understanding the physiological characteristics of the chicken itself, and must be properly planned and constructed sheds. 1. sites to choose away from populated areas, traffic convenient, away from the road 2. Gaozao terrain, a lot of sunshine. Winter sun as possible, summer wind, and not after the rain water. Larger, leaving room for development 3. Abundant water resources pollution-free, easy to access, sufficient power is guaranteed 4. Building structure, the economy, saving money, and saving energy, it is facing in accordance with local environmental and physiological condition, lighting is good, easy to ventilation, easy to operate, so conducive to cooling in the summer, to insulation in winter cold 5. Layout of premises should be reasonable, do distinguish between production and non-production areas and non-production areas and water sources are on a chicken farm in the wind, net road and dirt road separating uncrossed, dung farm is located in the 三、气体在血液中的运输 讲授 (一)、O的运输(8min) 2 举例 1、Hb分子结构的简介 Hb的构型: a(T型(紧密型):去氧Hb b(R型(疏松型):氧合Hb 2、Hb与O的结合的特征 2 1(反应快、可逆、不需酶的催化、受PO的影响 讲授 22+ 2(Fe与O结合是氧合不是氧化 举例 2 3(Hb与O1:4结合 2 (二)、CO的运输 2 1.物理溶解 2.化学结合 CO?2的化学结合形式有两种。 (1)形成碳酸氢盐 (2)形成氨基甲酸血红蛋白 【课堂小结】 5min 本次课的重点内容是肺换气，肺的换气过程是进入肺内的气体与肺泡毛细胞讲解 血管内气体进行交换的过程，除了肺换气过程的必由之路呼吸膜的面积及厚回顾 度的改变会对肺 气产生影响之外，肺泡每分通气量与肺泡毛细血管的每分血 流量之间的比值也是影响肺换气的重要因素。此外肺容量中的对肺通气功能 进行评价的指标尤其是肺泡通气量应有很好的理解。 【作业】 1(简述影响肺部气体交换的因素及效应。 2(为什么深慢呼吸比浅而快的呼吸肺换气效率高, 3.通气/血流比值失调对肺部气体交换有何影响,为什么在气体交换不足时， 往往缺氧显著而二氧化碳潴留却不明显, choose water fountains, water-saving products should be purchased. As compared to open v-Groove type water supply system, sealed nipple water system can save water 81.35% saving bedding consumption 56.3%; sanitation and drinking water, and a variety of harmful gases concentrations decline, increased laying rate 13.79%, economic efficiency improved. Chicken Coop construction should pay attention to several problems, chicken distribution notes: a rational structure of the hen-house layout, can provide a good environment for chicken, making its full productive potential, so other than in understanding the physiological characteristics of the chicken itself, and must be properly planned and constructed sheds. 1. sites to choose away from populated areas, traffic convenient, away from the road 2. Gaozao terrain, a lot of sunshine. Winter sun as possible, summer wind, and not after the rain water. Larger, leaving room for development 3. Abundant water resources pollution-free, easy to access, sufficient power is guaranteed 4. Building structure, the economy, saving money, and saving energy, it is facing in accordance with local environmental and physiological condition, lighting is good, easy to ventilation, easy to operate, so conducive to cooling in the summer, to insulation in winter cold 5. Layout of premises should be reasonable, do distinguish between production and non-production areas and non-production areas and water sources are on a chicken farm in the wind, net road and dirt road separating uncrossed, dung farm is located in the 参考资料天海翼种子网 choose water fountains, water-saving products should be purchased. As compared to open v-Groove type water supply system, sealed nipple water system can save water 81.35% saving bedding consumption 56.3%; sanitation and drinking water, and a variety of harmful gases concentrations decline, increased laying rate 13.79%, economic efficiency improved. Chicken Coop construction should pay attention to several problems, chicken distribution notes: a rational structure of the hen-house layout, can provide a good environment for chicken, making its full productive potential, so other than in understanding the physiological characteristics of the chicken itself, and must be properly planned and constructed sheds. 1. sites to choose away from populated areas, traffic convenient, away from the road 2. Gaozao terrain, a lot of sunshine. Winter sun as possible, summer wind, and not after the rain water. Larger, leaving room for development 3. Abundant water resources pollution-free, easy to access, sufficient power is guaranteed 4. Building structure, the economy, saving money, and saving energy, it is facing in accordance with local environmental and physiological condition, lighting is good, easy to ventilation, easy to operate, so conducive to cooling in the summer, to insulation in winter cold 5. Layout of premises should be reasonable, do distinguish between production and non-production areas and non-production areas and water sources are on a chicken farm in the wind, net road and dirt road separating uncrossed, dung farm is located in the