电子表格软件Excel简介

电子表格软件Excel简介 第一篇 电子表格软件Excel简介 第1章 工作簿和工作表 教学目标 1、了解Excel的工作界面、掌握各工具的功能和使用 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 。 2、掌握Excel启动及退出等基本操作。 3、了解工作簿、工作表的概念。 4、掌握Excel工作表建立、编辑及格式设置等操作。 5、掌握工作簿的创建、打开、保存等基本操作。 1.1 Excel概述 Excel是微软公司Office办公软件中的一个组件，可以用来制作电子表格、完成许多复杂的数据运算，能够进行数据的 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 ，具有强大的制作图表的功能。 1.1.1 Excel的启动与退出 1.Excel的启动 Excel的启动有三种方法。 (1)从电脑左下角“开始”，查找“程序”，再查找“Microsoft Excel”，就可启动Excel。 (2)双击“桌面”上的Excel快捷方式，可启动Excel。 (3)右击“桌面”空白处，找“新建”Excel工作表，就可启动Excel。 2. Excel的退出 有4种方法可退出Excel。 (1)点击“文件”菜单，选择“退出”，可退出Excel。 (2)点击窗口右上角的“X”， 可退出Excel。 (3)同时按下Alt+F4组合键，可退出Excel。 (4)双击Excel标题栏最左边的控制菜单按钮，可退出Excel。 1.1.2 Excel的窗口界面 Excel工作窗口是由标题栏、 菜单栏、工具栏、编辑兰、工作区域和状态栏组 成，如图1-1所示。下面对每个工作窗口做详细介绍。 1.标题栏 标题栏给出当前窗口所属程序和文件的名字，见图1-1 第一行:Microsoft Excel-Book1，这就是Excel的标题栏。 Microsoft Excel 是所属程序的名字;Book1 是Excel 打开的一个空工作簿文档的系统暂定名字。 2.菜单栏 菜单栏中包括各种菜单项，见图1-1 第二行，如文件、编辑、视图、插入、格式、工具、数据、窗口、帮助等。每个菜单项中含有各种操作命令，用鼠标单击可引出一个下拉式菜单，可从中选择要执行的命令。 3.工具栏 在菜单栏下面是工具栏，它用图标代表常用的命令，可快速执行，如打开、保存、打印、图表向导等。用鼠标单击代表命令的工具的小图标，即可执行相应的命令。 工具栏由 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 工具栏和格式化工具栏组成。标准工具栏提供用于日常操作的命令按钮。格式化工具栏是对编辑后的数据进行格式化，能选择字体、字型、边界等操作。 标准工具栏各命令按钮功能如下。 (1)新建:打开一个新的工作簿窗口，等待输入数据。 (2)打开:打开一个已有的文件。 (3)存盘:若第一次存盘，则会显示询问文件名等信息的对话框及摘要信息对话框，若再次存盘，则直接按原文件名存盘。 (4)打印:打印当前工作表。 (5)预览:在屏幕上模拟打印文件的效果。 (6)拼写检查:检查工作表或图表中英文单词的拼写正确性，包括文字框、按钮、页眉、页脚、单元格附注或编辑栏中的文字。如出错，则给你提示，以便修改。 (7)剪切:将选定区域中的内容移到剪贴板中暂存，以便通过它转移到工作表其它选定区域或其它文档中去。 (8)复制:将选定区域中的内容拷贝到剪贴板中暂存，以便通过它转移到工作表其它选定区域或其它文档中去。 (9)粘贴:将剪贴板上内容移动或复制到当前选中的区域或文档中去。 (10)格式刷:从某一选中单元格或区域复制格式到下一选中单元格或区域中去。 (11)撤消:当某一步操作出错，可退回到执行前的情况。 (12)恢复:将刚做过的命令，再做一次。 (13)求和:对所选中的若干单元格自动求和。 (14)函数:给出一个对话框，可查到各种函数，及它们的使用方法简介。 (15)升序:从小到大排列指定范围中数据或文字。 (16)降序:从大到小排列指定范围中数据或文字。 (17)图表:根据已选区域的数据引导用户一步一步制作图表。 (18)文本框:允许在表中、图中或其它图像中开辟一个文字框。 (19)绘图:加入绘图工具，可绘制任意图形。 (20)显示比例:允许工作表选用不同的比例显示。 (21)提示:选中它，在表的上面出现建议一栏，随时给出建议并指导你操作。 (22)帮助:选中它，鼠标变为一个箭头。 格式化工具按钮的功能如下。 (1)字体:对指定区域内的文字，设定字体。 (2)字号:对指定区域内的文字，设定字号大小。 (3)加粗:将指定区域内的文字，设定为粗体风格。 (4)倾斜:将指定区域内的文字，设定为斜体风格。 (5)下划线:将指定区域内的文字下面加下划线。 (6)左对齐:对选中区域内的各单元格中的数据靠左对齐。 (7)中对齐:对选中区域内的各单元格中的数据居中对齐。 (8)右对齐:对选中区域内的各单元格中的数据靠右对齐。 (9)两边对齐:对选中区域内的数据，置于中间位置，并能两边对齐。 (10)货币样式:对选中区域内的各单元格中的数值型数据前加上货币符号。 (11)百分比样式:对选中区域内的各单元格中的数值型数据后加上%号。 (12)千分分隔样式:对选中区域内的各单元数值数据中加上千分位号。 (13)增加小数位:对选中区域内的各单元格中的数值型数据，小数位数加1。 (14)减少小数位:对选中区域内的各单元格中的数值型数据，小数位数减1。 (15)边框:对选中区域加边框线。 (16)填充颜色:为选中区域，指定背景颜色。 (17)字体颜色:为选中区域的文字，指定颜色。 4.编辑栏 编辑栏有两部分组成:左边为定义单元或区域位置的名字，单元名字框旁的小箭 头下拉为名字列表，给出所有已定义的名字;右边为公式栏，可作为当前活动单元编 辑的工作区。 5.工作区 工作区也称为工作簿窗口，位于编辑栏的下方。图1-1 为一个打开了的文件 Book1，窗口显示一张电子表格，工作簿由多个工作表组成，工作表的基本单位是“单 元”，由“行”和“列”组成。工作簿窗口是最主要的工作窗口，后面将详细说明。 6.控制框与控制菜单 位于标题栏左边的小框称为控制框，单击该框，可打开控制菜单，用以从中选择命令，进行对该窗口的基本操作，如还原、最大化、最小化、关闭等。 7.滚动条与滚动框 利用滚动条，可以很方便地在窗口中查看整个工作表的内容。滚动条与滚动框使用方法如下。 (1)用鼠标单击箭头，往上、下、左、右各移动一个单位。 (2)拖曳滚动框，移到所要的对应位置上。 (3)鼠标单击滚动条，如单击位置在滚动框上区域，则往上移动一个屏幕，如单击位置在滚动框下区域，则往下滚动一个屏幕。左右移动方式类似。 8.分割框 由于整个工作表是一张非常庞大的表，所以利用分割框进行水平分割和垂直分割功能很有用。 (1)水平分割 将鼠标移到垂直滚动条的顶部的水平分割框拖动条，如图1-1 所示，当鼠标变成双向箭头时，拖动水平分割框到表中任意一行，将表分成上下两部分。同时滚动条也分为上下两个，表的上下两部分可以独立滚动。 (2)垂直分割 将鼠标移到水平滚动条的右部的垂直分割框滚动条，如图1-1 所示，当鼠标变成双向箭头时，拖动垂直分割框到表中任意一行，将表分成左右两部分。同时滚动条也分为左右两个，表的左右两部分可以独立滚动。 恢复分割，只需将分割条拖回原处即可。 9.状态栏 状态栏位于窗口的底部。它的左端是信息区，右端是键盘状态区。由状态指示区可以获知当前系统是处于哪一种状态。当我们按键盘上面的“Caps Lock”键、“Num Lock”键、“Scroll Lock” 键，使其属于启动状态时，状态行右边便显示“CAPS”、“NUM”、“SCRL”。 1.2 工作簿和工作表 在Excel中，工作表是一个由行和列组成的表格，工作簿是工作表的集合。工作簿是计算和存储数据的文件，每一个工作簿都可以包含多张工作表，因此，可以在一个工作簿中管理各种类型的相关信息。工作表是用来存储和处理数据的最主要文档， 所有对数据进行的操作，都是在工作表上进行的。工作表名称显示于工作簿窗口底部的工作表标签上。 1.2.1 工作表的建立与编辑 1.工作表的创建 点击“开始”“程序”“Microsoft Excel”，就可以建立一个工作簿，其中包括若干张工作表。 2.工作表的打开 打开工作表的方法有三种。 (1)选择“文件”“打开”，可打开工作表。 (2)单击工具栏中的打开按钮，显示打开对话框，选择打开的文件，双击该文件名，可打开工作表。 (3)按快捷键Ctrl+O，可打开工作表。 3.工作表的保存 对新建的工作表要及时进行保存，保存方法有三种。 (1)选择“文件”“保存”，可保存工作表。 (2)直接按工具栏的“保存”按钮，可保存工作表。 (3)快捷键Ctrl+S，可保存工作表。 4.插入工作表 插入工作表的方法是:单击工作表标签选定工作表，执行“插入”“工作表”命令，或者在工作表标签上单击右键，在快捷菜单中选择“插入”命令，可插入一张工作表。 5.删除工作表 删除工作表的方法是:单击工作表标签选定工作表，然后在工作表标签上单击右键，在快捷菜单中选择“删除”命令即可。 6.移动或复制工作表 移动或复制工作表的方法是:单击工作表标签选定工作表，然后拖动鼠标左键到目标位置即可。 7.重命名工作表 重命名工作表的方法是:双击要重命名的工作表标签后输入名称，在工作表签后上单击右键，在快捷菜单中选择“重命名”命令，然后输入名称。 8.工作表标签添加颜色 给工作表标签添加颜色的步骤是: (1)右击想要改变的工作表标签。 (2)从弹出的菜单中选择“设置工作表标签颜色”命令。 (3)选择颜色后，点击“确定”，如图1-2所示。 1.2.2 美化工作表 1.设置数据格式与对齐方式 设置数据格式与对齐方式的步骤是: )选中表格中需要设置的单元格后击右键，在弹出的菜单中选择“设置单元格(1 格式” (2)在此选项中，可改变数据在垂直和水平方向上的对齐方式，如图1-3所示。 2. 设置边框和底纹 选中表格中需要设置的单元格后击右键，在弹出的菜单中选择“设置单元格格式”，就可以设置表格的边框和底纹，如图1-4所示。 3.使用自动套用格式美化工作表 可以单击“工具”菜单栏，选择“自动套用格式”来美化工作表。 4.工作区域的选定 如果要选定单个单元格，单击相应的单元格，或用方向键移动到相应的单元格。 如果要选定某个单元格区域，单击选定该区域的第一个单元格，然后拖动鼠标直至选定最后一个单元格。 如果要选定工作表中所有单元格，单击全选按钮。 如果要选定不相邻的单元格或单元格区域，先选定第一个单元格或单元格区域，然后再按住Ctrl键再选定其他的单元格或单元格区域。 如果要选定较大的单元格区域，单击选定该区域的第一个单元格，然后按住Shift键，再单击区域中最后一个单元格，通过滚动可以使该单元格等可见。 如果要选定整行，单击行号。 如果要选定整列，单击列标。 如果要选定相邻的行或列，沿行号或列标拖动鼠标。或者先选定第一行或第一列，然后按住Shift键再选定其他的行或列。 如果要选定不相邻的行或列，选定第一行或第一列，然后按住Ctrl键再选定其他的行或列。 如果要选定增加或减少活动区域中的单元格，按住Shift键并单击新选定区域中最后一个单元格，在活动单元格和所单击的单元格之间的矩形区域将成为新的选定区域。 1.2.3 编辑工作表 1.插入与删除单元格 选择想要插入与删除的单元格的位置，单击右键，选择“插入”可以插入一个单元格，选择“删除”可以删除一个单元格，如图1-5，1-6，1-7所示。 2.插入与删除行和列 选定想要插入行或列的位置，单击右键，可以在该行的前面或该列的左边插入一行或一列。 选定想要删除行或列的位置，单击右键，可以删除一行或一列，如图1-8所示。 3.合并单元格 选定区域，单击右键，可以按图1-9，1-10所示的方法来合并单元格。 4.设置单元格格式 设置单元格格式与合并单元格之前的步骤一致。可按对话框提示设置单元格格式。 5.设置行高和列宽 设置行高和列宽的方法有三种。 (1)将指针放在两个列或行的标签分界线，拖动鼠标调整行高或列宽。 (2)右击列表标签“列宽”“行高”，来调整行高或列宽。 (3)选择“格式”“列”或“行”，“列宽”或“行高”，调整行高或列宽。 1.2.4 工作簿管理 1.工作簿的创建、打开与保存 (1)工作簿的创建 工作簿的创建的方法是选择“选择”“新建”选项，或点击按钮，就可创建一个工作簿。 (2)工作簿的打开 选择“选择”“打开”选项，或点击按钮，就可打开一个工作簿。 (3)工作簿的保存 选择“选择”“保存”选项，或点击按钮，就可保存工作簿。 2.保护工作簿和工作表 可以选择“工具”“保护”选项，为工作簿和工作表设置密码，进行保护。 第2章 数据与图表 教学目标 1、掌握数据填充的基本操作，数据筛选的方法;学会对数据进行排序;能利用Excel对数据进行分析。 2、掌握在Excel环境中数据的编辑，包括数字、日期、时间、公式的输入。掌握建立数据清单、数据排序的方法，学会设置数据的有效性。掌握Excel数据的查找与筛选，学会Excel数据的分类汇总操作。了解数据透视表的操作。 3、认识图表的基本样式，学会建立和修饰图表。 4、学会图表的创建，掌握常用图表的编辑、修改。 2.1 数据使用 2.1.1 编辑数据 1.输入数据 在工作表的单元格中，可以使用两种基本的数据格式，即常数和公式。常数是指文字、数字、日期和时间等数据;而公式则指包含“=”号的函数、宏命令等。 在向单元格中输入数据时，需要掌握3种基本输入方法。 方法1:单击目标单元格，然后直接输入。 方法2:双击目标单元格，单元格中会出现插入光标，将光标移到所需位置后，即可输入数据，这种方法多用于修改单元格中的数据。 方法3:单击目标单元格，再单击编辑栏，然后在编辑栏中编辑或修改数据。 (1)输入文本 文本包括汉字、英文字母、特殊符号、数字、空格以及其他能从键盘输入的符号。 在向单元格内输入文本时，如果相邻的单元格中没有数据，Excel允许长文覆盖在其右边相邻的单元格中;如果相邻单元格中有数据，则当前单元格中只显示该文本的开头部分。按BackSpace键可以删除光标左边的字符。如果要取消输入，可单击编辑栏中的“取消”按钮，或按下Esc键。如果要结束输入，可单击编辑栏中的“输入”按钮。 (2)输入数字 和输入其他文本一样，在工作表中输入数字也很简单，只需先用鼠标或键盘选定 该单元格，然后输入数字，最后按Enter键即可。 (3)输入日期和时间 用户可以使用多种格式来输入一个日期，可以用斜杠“/”或“—”来分隔日期的年、月、日。传统的日期表示方法是以两位数来表示年份的，如2008年8月8日，可表示为08/8/8或08-8-8。 在单元格中输入时间的方法有两种，即按12小时制和按24小时制输入。如果按12小时制输入时间，要在时间数字后加一空格，然后输入a(AM)或p(PM) ，字母a表示上午，p表示下午。 2.建立数据清单 数据清单即常说的表格，它由一行文字作为区分数据类型的表头标志，在标志下是连续的数据区。用户只要执行了数据库命令，Excel会自动将数据清单人作是一个数据库。数据清单中的列是数据库中的字段，数据清单中的列标志是数据库中的字段名，数据清单中的每一行则对应数据库中的一条记录。 (1)创建字段名 创建字段名的步骤是:选定某行的第1个单元格并在其中输入文本;在与单元格相邻的右侧单元格中输入其他作为字段名的文字，创建字段名后，即可在各字段名下直接输入数据。 (2)输入数据记录 在输入数据时，除了可以直接在数据清单中输入数据外，还可以使用“记录单”命令来输入或追加数据。 使用“记录单”命令输入或追加数据，步骤是:打开Excel的工作表;选择数据清单中的某单元格，然后选择“数据” “ 记录单”命令;单击“新建”按钮，新建一个空白记录。 在每个字段后的文本框中输入数据。按Tab键可以在各个字段间切换。输完一条记录的内容后，单击“新建”按钮后，可以继续添加新记录。 输入所有的记录后，单击“关闭”按钮返回到工作表中，新加入的记录将列在清单的底部。 (3)删除或编辑记录 要删除记录，步骤是:选择数据清单中的任意一个单元格;选择“数据” “记录单”命令;在打开的对话框中，单击“上一条”或“下一条”按钮来查找所要删除的记录，也可以将对话框中间的滚动条移到删除的记录，然后单击“删除”按钮将其删除。 编辑记录通常指的是对数据进行修改。在记录单中编辑记录的具体操作步骤与删除记录基本一致，只是在找到所要修改的记录后，直接在相应得文本框中进行编辑修 改即可。 3.选择数据 (1)将活动单元格处于数据区，选择“数据”“筛选”“自动筛选”命令，各字段名单元格出现筛选按钮。 (2)选择“数据”“筛选”“高级筛选”命令，按要求选定“数据区域”、“条件区域”和“复制到”等进行编辑。 4.复制和移动数据 Excel中数据复制的方法多种多样，可以利用剪贴板，也可以用鼠标拖放操作。 剪贴板复制数据与Word中的操作相似，稍有不同的是在源区域执行复制命令后，区域周围会出现闪烁的虚线。只有闪烁的虚线不消失，粘贴可以进行多次，一旦消失，粘贴则无法进行。如果只需粘贴一次，有一种简单的粘贴方法，即在目标区域直接按回车键。 鼠标拖动复制数据的操作方法与Word有点不同:选择源区域和按下Ctrl键后鼠标指针应指向源区域的四周边界而不是源区域内部，此时鼠标指针变成右上角带有一个小十字的空心箭头，当变为实心时，可以通过拖动进行数据复制。 5.数据排序 排序是将数字或汉字由小到大获或由大到小进行排序，其中数字是按照数字本身大小进行排序，文字是按照汉字拼音字母的先后顺序进行排序，并且可以将相同的内容放的一起，从而达到分类的目的。 例如:某班学员学位、成绩情况如表2-1所示。 表2-1 学员学位、成绩情况表 姓名 学位 总分 英语 丁二 本科 600 69 李四 博士 541 100 王五 本科 900 75 赵六 专科 752 86 张三 专科 843 94 若要将以上表格中总分成绩从小到大排列，应首先将整个表格选中，然后点击“数据”“排序”命令，出现对话框，在“主要关键字”项中确定排序的第一依据，以及排序的标准的是递增还是递减，如“总分”、“递减”;若通过主要关键字排不出顺序，则在“次要关键字”项中确定排序的第二依据以及排序的标准是递增还是递减，如“英语”、“递减”;在最下面数据清单项确定选中的数据“有标题行”还是“无标题行”，然后点击“确定”即可。 6.数据的合并运算 合并工作表是将一个或多个工作表中的信息收集到一个目标工作表中，使用“数据”菜单中的“合并计算”命令可以实现合并工作表的操作。 若对不同工作表数据进行运算，首先选中存放结果的单元格，然后点击“数据”“合并计算”命令，出现对话框，选择函数项中的函数类别如“平均值”，然后将光标定位到引用位置，选择要合并计算的数据所对应得单元格，然后再点击“添加”，重复以上步骤，分别把引用的数据存到“所有引用位置”框中，然后点击“确定”，即可完成合并计算。 2.1.2 设置数据的有效性 要为数据有效性设置数值和参数，操作步骤如下: (,)选定想应用数据有效性的字段所在的列。 (,)选择“数据”“有效性”菜单命令。 (,)在“数据有效性”对话框有四个选项卡:设置、输入信息、出错警告和输入法模式。如果没有选定“设置”选项卡，则单击选定它，如图2-1所示。 (,)从“允许”下拉列表中选择一个数值。 (,)从“数据”下拉列表中选择一个选项。 (,)显示的参数依赖于在“允许”和“数据”中的选项。输入限制参数，很多情况下，仅仅是最小值和最大值，比如最小数字和最大数字，或者是允许的最早日期和最晚日期。 (,)单击“确定”按钮完成操作。 2.1.3 数据查找与筛选 为了查找数据库中满足条件的条件记录，可以使用筛选数据库的方法来完成。把符合条件的数据分拣出来，不符合条件的筛选掉。 1.自动筛选 进行自动筛选，首先要将整个表格选中，点击“数据”“筛选”“自动筛选”命令，在每个字段名的右下方出现“筛选控制”按钮，点击按钮可拉出筛选的条件。如对表格中的数据进行筛选，若筛选一类记录，点击此类记录对应得关键字即可。 2.高级筛选 高级筛选能快速将满足多重条件的信息筛选并显示出来。 当数据管理过程遇到一些复杂的筛选条件时，使用前述“自动筛选”功能将不能满足要求，必须使用“高级筛选”来实现，即建立筛选条件区域，并在该区域中设置 相应的筛选条件。 选中表格后，点击“数据”“高级筛选”命令，出现对话框，在“数据区域”框中会显示被选中的数据区域单元格地址范围，点击“确定”即可得出筛选结果。 2.1.4 数据的分类与汇总 在对数据进行分析和统计时，分类汇总是对数据进行分析的一个非常有力的工具。例如对一个包含上千条商品信息的数据清单，有产品名称、地区、销售量等字段信息，用户可以根据需要使用分类汇总功能，产生按产品名称、地区和销售量分类的数据清单。 分类汇总可以对数据清单中的某一个字段提供如求和、平均值这样的汇总函数，对分类汇总值进行计算，并且能将计算的结果分级显示出来。 在执行分类汇总的命令前，必须先对数据清单进行排序，数据清单的第一行里必须有列标记。 1.创建分类汇总 要创建分类汇总，其具体操作步骤下。 (1)打开Excel文件。 (2)在数据清单中选择任意一个单元格。 (3)选择“数据”“分类汇总”命令，打开“分类汇总”对话框。 (4)单击“分类字段”下拉列表框右边的下三角按钮，在弹出的下拉列表中选择 要进行分类汇总的列。 (5)单击“汇总方式”下拉列表框右边的下三角按钮，在弹出的下拉列表中选择 分类汇总的函数。 (6)在“选定汇总项”列表框中选择相应的列。 (7)单击“确定”按钮，就产生了分类汇总的结果。 2.删除分类汇总 对数据清单进行了分类汇总后，如果对结果不满意，可以删除分类汇总，回到数据清单的初始状态，其具体操作步骤如下。 (1)在数据清单中任意选择一个单元格。 (2)选择“数据”“分类汇总”命令，在弹出的“分类汇总”对话框中弹出“全部删除”按钮即可。 另外，也可以直接单击“撤销”按钮，或选择“编辑”“撤销”命令，来删除分类汇总，但是这两种方法都要求汇总后没有进行过其他操作。 2.1.5 数据透视表 数据透视表示一种大量数据快速汇总和建立交互列表的交叉式表格，用于对多种来源的数据进行汇总。建立表格后，可以对其进行重排，以便从不同的透视角度观察数据。 例如:某公司日常费用支出如表2-2所示。 表2-2 公司1季度日常费用支出表 单位:元 姓名 部门 项目 收入额 支出额 余额 李玉 财务 差旅费 15000 15000 白城飞 销售 办公费 2000 13000 赵杰 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 办公费 60 12940 许亮 企划 办公费 120 12820 李敏新 生产 差旅费 580 12240 王姗姗 生产 办公费 1800 10440 赵同国 生产 宣传费 530 9910 余晓梦 生产 办公费 700 9210 李敏新 生产 差旅费 300 8910 许庆荣 生产 生活福利 1200 7110 邓瑞 生产 办公费 1500 6210 许亮 企划 办公费 480 5730 白小康 企划 生活福利 400 5330 孙春红 销售 差旅费 600 4730 白城飞 销售 差旅费 600 4130 利用表2-2中的数据创建数据透视表的步骤如下。 (1)拖拉选择统计表数据区域，单击“数据”“数据透视表和图表报表”命令，进 入“数据透视表和数据透视图向导”对话框。 (2)选择数据源的类型、生成的报告类型(默认状态为透视表)，点击“下一步”弹出对话框，被选中数据区域的地址显示在“选定区域”框去内。 (3)确认后的数据区正确后，点击“下一步”，弹出对话框，选择透视表建立的位置，单击对话框的“完成”即可。 (4)完成透视表创建过程后，自动在当前工作表标签左侧添加新工作表标签，同时显示“数据透视表”工具栏。 在新工作表中，左上角提供了新表格重组的设置区。该区域包括 “上表头”区:用于重组表格时设置字段的列向分类依据;“左表头”区:用于重组表格时设置记录的横向分类依据;“统计”区:用于重组表格市放置交叉统计用字段;“分业”区:用于分类显示透视统计结果。 (5)进入透视工作区后，系统将自动显示“数据透视表”工具栏。该工具栏顶部罗列了一组工具图标，底部则显示重新组合表格所需个表头的字段名称。 (6)将“数据透视”工具栏的字段名依次拖至对应得区域中，此时交叉统计的结果显示于新表格中。 2.2 图表使用 2.2.1 图表的类型 Excel有14种标准图表类型，每一种类型又有2~7个子类型。同时，还有20种自定义图表类型，他们可以是标准类型的变异，也可以是标准类型的组合，每种类型主要是在颜色和外观上有所区别。下面对每一个标准图表类型加以描述。 1.面积图:面积图表现了数据在一段时间内或者类型中相对关系。一个值所占的面积越大那么它在整体关系中所占的比重就越大。 2.条形图:条形图使用水平条的长度表示它所代表的值的大小。 3.气泡图:气泡图对三个系列的数据进行比较。它与XY图标很相似，X轴和Y轴共同表示两个值，但是气泡的大小由第三值确定。 4.柱形图:柱形图是条形图的变体。在Excel中，柱形图是默认图表类型。 5.锥形图:锥形图是条形图或柱形图的变体。唯一不同之处是它使用锥体表示数据。 6.圆柱形:圆柱形是条形图或 柱形图的变体。唯一不同之处是它使用圆柱体表示数据。 7.圆环图:圆环图大体上和饼状图相似，只是不局限于单一的数据系列。每一个系列使用的圆环的一个环表示数据，而不是饼状图的片。 8.折线图:在折线图中，对于每一个X的值，都有一个Y值与其对应，像一个数学函数一样。折线图常用于表示一段时期内的变化。 9.饼状图:饼状图的绘制局限于一个单一的数据系列，并且不能显示更复杂一点的数据系列。但是，饼状图通常非常生动，容易理解。 10.棱锥图:棱锥图是条形图或柱形图的变体。唯一不同之处是它使用棱锥表示数据。 11.雷达图:雷达图表示由一个中心点向外辐射的数据。中心是零，各种轴线由中 心扩展出来。 12.股价图:股价图常用于绘制股票的价值。. 13.曲面图:曲面图可以用二维空间的连续曲线表示数据的走向。 14.XY散点图:XY散点图通过把数据描述成一系列的XY坐标值来对比一系列数据。散点图的一个应用是表示一个实验中的多个实验值。 2.2.2 图表的建立 图表的建立需要用Excel图表向导来完成，具体步骤如下。 (1)选择要用图表表示的范围，如图2-2所示。 (2)单击工具栏的“图表向导”按钮。 (3)在“图表类型”中，选择要创建的图表类型的种类，如图2-3所示。。 (4)在“子图表类型”中，选择要使用的具体的图表类型的种类。 (5)如果想看一下图表类型的实际效果，单击“按下不放可查看示例”按钮，如 图2-4所示。。 (6)如果还需要更多的图表类型选项，单击“自定义”选图“下一步”“图表源 数据”，如图2-5，2-6所示。 (7)如果想看一下每一行或列的数据单元格的范围，单击“系列”“下一步”“图表选项”“图表标题”，如图2-7，2-8所示。 (8)如果想要图表下面显示一些文字，在“分类(X)轴文本框中输入。 (9)如果想要图表左边从上到下显示一些文字，在“分类(Y)轴文本框中输入， 如图2-9所示。 (10)选择图表所在的位置，结果如图2-10所示。 2.2.3 图表的编辑与修改 1.图表的编辑 (1)双击图表标题文字，在弹出对话框中设置为隶书、粗体、14号字、红色;双击X坐标轴，在弹出的对话框中设置字体为黑体、6号、蓝色，如图2-11所示。 (2)使用源数据对话框中的“系列”选项，在图表中删除语文并添加物理数据系列，如图2-12所示。 2.图表的修改 图表的修改方法与图表的编辑方法一致，修改哪则双击哪，或单击右键，选择修 改位置，进行编辑修改。 第3章 公式、函数与数据分析工具 教学目标 1、掌握公式输入的格式，能够运用公式进行常规的Excel数据计算。 2、掌握函数输入的三种基本方法，能熟练使用函数进行数据的统计与分析。 3、掌握打印中页面设置、设置打印范围及打印预览的方法。 4、了解模拟运算表、单边量求解、规划求解使用方法。 3.1 公式和函数的使用 3.1.1 公式及其应用 1.公式的概念 公式可以用来执行各种运算，如加法、减法或比较工作表数值。它可以引用同一工作表中的其他单元格、同一工作簿中不同工作表中的单元格，或者其他工作簿的工作表中的单元格。公式由运算符、常量、单元格引用值、名称和工作表函数等元素构成。 (1)运算符 运算符包括比较运算符、文字运算符、括号和引用运算符。 比较运算符包括=(等于)、〉(大于)、〈(小于)、 〉=(大于等于)、〈=(小于等于)、〈〉(不等于)。符号两边应为同类数据才能比较，其运算结果是True 或False。 文字运算符是&(连接)，符号两边均为文字型数据才能连接，连接的结果仍是文字型数据。 算术运算符包括+(加)、-(减)、*(乘)、/(除);^(乘方);%(百分数);-(负)。符号两边均为数值型数据才能进行运算，其运算结果仍是数值型数据。 括号()用于表示优先运算。 引用运算符包括空格、逗号和冒号。空格为交集符;逗号(，)为合集符;冒号(:) 为区域符。 (2)运算符的优先级 按运算类别，以比较运算符、文字运算符、算数运算符、引用运算符、括号为序优先级越来越高。 按同类运算符，如上所列，顿号分隔的运算符为相同优先级，以分号为界为不同优先级，分号右边运算符比左边运算符优先。 2.编辑公式 编辑公式的方法为: (1)选定需要输入公式的单元格。 (2)输入公式。 输入公式时应以等号(=)或加号(+)开头，然后输入公式名或表达式。输入运 算符时，注意优先级别和前后数据类型，公式中不能有多余的空格。 (3)单击输入按钮则完成输入，单击取消按钮则取消输入。 使用Ctrl+可以对单元格中的显示的计算结果或公式进行切换。 3.求和公式的使用 求和计算是一种最常用的公式计算，操作方法是: (1)使用公具栏“求和”Σ按钮，将自动对活动单元格上方(纵向)或左侧(横向)的数据进行求和计算。 (2)将光标放在求和结果单元格，单击“求和”Σ按钮，Excel将自动出现求和函数SUM以及求和数据区域。 3.1.2 常用函数及其应用 1.单元地址和单元引用 要学习函数的使用，必须掌握单元地址和单元引用的知识。 (1)单元地址 每个单元用它们的行和列的坐标作为地址名字。例如位于A 列1 行的单元格相应的单元格地址为A1，Z列和100行的单元格相应的地址为Z100。当前选择的单元格被称为活动单元格，对活动单元个的单元格地址显示在编辑栏左端的名字框中。 在Excel 中所使用的单元地址有相对地址、绝对地址两种形式。 相对地址是以某一特定单元为基准来对其他单元进行定位。相对地址的表示方法为“A5”、“C8”等，用行、列地址作为它的名字。 第3列第8行的单元的相对地址为C8。 第2列第2行到第8列第12行的单元区域的相对地址为 B2:H12。 绝对地址则为Excel 某些单元在工作表格中的确切位置。绝对地址的表示方法为“$A$5”、“$C$8”等，用行、列地址加$作为名字。 第3列第8行的单元的绝对地址为$C$8。 第2列第2行到第8列第12行的单元区域的绝对地址为 $B$2:$H$12。 (2)单元引用 相对地址与绝对地址之间的最主要差别在于函数或公式中对单元的引用。单元引 用包括相对引用、绝对引用和混合引用三种。 相对引用是指公式中参数以单元的相对地址表示，如复制或移动含公式的单元格时，单元格引用会随着公式所在单元格位置的变更而改变。 绝对引用是指公式中参数以单元的绝对地址表示，如复制或移动含公式的单元格时，公式中的绝对引用不会随着公式所在单元格位置的变更而改变。 混合引用是指需要固定某行引用而改变列引用，或固定某列引用而改变行引用。如:$B5、B$5。混合引用综合了相对与绝对引用的效果。 欲改变引用地址表示法，可将光标移至编辑栏中所需改变的引用地址，按F4键，每按一次F4键即改变一种表示方法。 例如:A4单元格中用了相对引用，公式为A1至A3求和:A4=A1+A2+A3，将公 式复制到B4，则B4单元格中的公式为:B4=B1+B2+B3。 C4单元格中用了绝对引用，公式为$C$1至$C$3 求和:C4=$C$1+$C$2+$C$3，将该公式复制到D4，则D4单元格中的公式为:D4=$C$1+$C$2+C$$3，没有发生变化。 E4单元格中用了混合引用，公式为:E4=E$1+$E2+E$3，将该公式复制到F5，则F5单元格中的公式为:F5=F$1+$E3+F$3。 2.函数概念 函数是预定义的内置模式，可以在公式中直接调用。 其格式是:函数名(参数1，参数2„)。 Excel提供了300多个函数，涉及到数学、统计学、财务等各个方面，功能比较齐全，可以进行各种复杂的计算、检索和数据处理。 数学函数如ROUND(四舍五入函数)、ABS(取绝对值函数)等。 统计函数如AVERAGE(算术平均值函数)、SUM(求和函数)等。 日期和时间函数如TODAY(当前日期函数)、NOW(当前日期和时间函数)等。 逻辑函数如AND(逻辑与函数)、NOT(逻辑非函数)、OR(逻辑或函数)等。 3.函数输入 (1)直接键入 直接键入的方法是选中单元格，输入“=”号，然后按照函数的语法直接键入。 例如:要求地A5单元中输入A1到A4的求和函数，步骤如下是:选择A5单元，输入“=SUM(A1:A4):即可。 (2)使用工具栏图标 例如要在A4单元中输入求B1至B5的平均值函数，操作步骤如是:选择A4单元后，在工具栏中选择FX;在粘贴函数对话框中选中相应的函数AVERAGE;可用鼠标将所需求平均值的单元格B1:B5选中,单击确定即可。 (3)使用菜单命令 例如要在A4单元中输入求B1至B5的平均值函数，操作步骤是:选择A4单元;输入“=”;选择[插入]菜单[函数]命令后，出现对话框，其余步骤同上。 4.常用函数简介 (1)逻辑类函数 常用的逻辑类函数是条件 检测 工程第三方检测合同工程防雷检测合同植筋拉拔检测方案传感器技术课后答案检测机构通用要求培训 函数IF，其格式和功能如下。 IF格式为:IF(logical-test,value-if-true,value-if-false) IF功能是:执行真假值判断，根据逻辑测试的真假值，返回不同的结果。可以是同函数IF对数值和公式进行条件检测。 (2)统计类函数 常用的统计类函数是SUM函数和AVERAGE函数。 利用SUM函数可以计算出指定区域中数据的总和。使用这个函数，要在函数名SUM后面的括号中输入用冒号隔开的地址，如SUM(B4:E4)。冒号前的地址指定区域的起点单元格的地址，冒号后面的地址时指定区域的终点单元格的地址。 利用AVERAGE函数，可以计算指定区域中数据的平均值。输入这个函数时，要在函数名AVERAGE后面的括号中输入用冒号隔开的两个单元地址，如同求和函数。 3.1.3 打印管理 工作表创建好后，为了提交或留存查阅方便，经常需要把它打印出来，操作步骤一般是:先进行页面设置，再进行打印预览，最后打印输出。 1.设置打印区域和分页 选择要打印的区域的方法是:单击“文件”“打印区域”“设置打印区域”的命令，选定区域的边框上出现虚线，表示打印区域已设置好，打印时只有被选定的区域中的数据才打印，而且工作表被保存后，将来再打开时设置的打印区域仍然有效。 工作表较大时，Excel一般会自动为工作表分页，如果用户不满意这种分页方式，可以根据自己的需要对工作表进行人工分页。 分页包括水平分页和垂直分页。水平分页的操作步骤是:单击要另起一页的起始行行号，单击“单击”“分页符”命令，在起始行上出现一条水平虚线，表示分页成功。 垂直分页是必须单击另起一页的起始列列号或选择该列最上端的单元格，分页成 功后将在该列左边出现一条垂直分页虚线。如果选择的不是最左或最上的单元格，插入分页符将在单元格上方和左侧各产生一条分页虚线。 删除分页符可选择分页虚线的下一行或右一列的任一单元格，选择“插入”“删除分页符”命令;也可以选中整个工作表，然后选择“插入”“重设所有分页符”可以删除工作表中的所有人工分页符。 分页后单击“视图”“分页预览”命令，可进入分页预览视图。单击“视图”“常规”命令，可以结束分页预览回到普通视图中。 2.页面设置 Excel具有默认页面设置，用户因此可以直接打印工作表。如有特殊要求，使用页面设置可以设置工作表的打印方向、缩放比例、纸张大小、页边距、页眉、页脚等。单击“文件”“页面设置”命令，可以进行页面设置。 单击“页面设置”对话框中的“页边距”选项卡，该选项卡位于设置打印数据在所选纸张的上、下、左、右留出的空白尺寸，可以设置打印数据在纸张上水平居中或垂直居中，默认为靠上靠左对齐。 单击“页面设置”对话框中的“页眉,页脚”选项卡，来设置页眉,页脚。 3.打印预览 选择“文件”“打印预览”命令或者单击“常用”工具栏中的“打印预览”按钮，打开“打印预览”窗口，其中按钮功能如下。 缩放:此按钮可使工作表在总体预览和放大状态间来回切换。 打印:单击此按钮打开“打印内容”对话框。 设置:单击此按钮打开“页面设置”对话框。 页边距:单击此按钮时预览视图用虚线表示页边距和页眉、页脚位置。用鼠标拖可直接改变他们的位置，比用页面设置来改变页边距直观得多。 分页预览:单击此按钮打开“分页预览”视图。 关闭:关闭打印预览窗口，回到常规视图。 4.打印输出 经过设置打印区域、页面设置、打印预览后，工作表可以正式打印了。打印方法是:选择“文件”“打印”命令或者在“打印预览”视图中单击“打印”按钮，即可打印输出。 3.2 数据分析工具的应用 常用的数据分析工具有模拟运算表、单边量求解、规划求解等，它们的使用方法较复杂，在这里只作简单介绍，我们将在以后章节，结合实际业务进行详细讲解。 3.2.1 模拟运算表 我们用一个简单的例子来说明模拟运算表的使用方法，操作步骤如下。 (1)在Excel工作表中输入图3-1的数据。 (2)将光标定位到“C3”单元格中，点击编辑兰中的“,”，输入公式“C2*$B3”点击“确定”。可算出结果C3=400。 (3)选中C3单元格，将指针放在右下角，当指针变成“，”时，拖拉到右端即可算出第一行数据的结果。 (4)将“B3:F6”选中，点击“数据”“模拟运算表”命令，在出现的对话框中将光标定位到输入引用列中，点击“B3”，点击“确定”即可得出模拟运算结果，如图3-2所示。 3.2.2 单边量求解 对于模拟运算表中的数值，不允许通过手工改变具体值，若需要改变，则需点击“工具”“单变量求解”命令，出现对话框。在目标单元格框中输入需要改变的单元格的坐标，例如图3-1中，选中“C4”单元格作为目标单元格，然后在目标值框中输入要改变为的目标值，如“600”，在可变单元格中输入“B4”或“C2”单元格的坐标，然后点击“确定”，即可求出“B4”或“C2”单元格的值。 请注意:如果不通过单变量求解计算模拟运算表中的值，而是通过手工改动，则会出现对话框，提示“不能改变模拟运算表的某一部分”，此时，只能是结束任务，或是重新启动计算机。 3.2.3 规划求解 单变量求解是决定单个变量的好方法，但是对于复杂的问题就需要用到功能强大的规划求解。规划求解是一种增加的功能，只有安装以后才能在工具菜单中找到它。安装规划求解，具体步骤是: (1)选择“工具”“附件”命令。 (2)在“附件”对话框中，单击“规划求解”复选框使其选中。 (3)单击“确定”按钮 (4)出现一个对话框，询问是否要安装附件，单击“是”按钮，便可安装规划求解工具。 (英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," a total of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of < rule > real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen years implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses. Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions" Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Yan Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline, exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the disciplinary review found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility should be depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts; the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effective convergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights; due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party organizations. For is "party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of 10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for acts of mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex" Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding > < regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem -- about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme requirements adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Application of this principle is not only the party the basic organization principle and is also the mass line in party life, it requires that we must fully develop inner-party democracy, respect for the dominant position of Party members, safeguarding the Party member democratic rights, give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the party organizations at all levels and Party members, at the same time, also must implement the right concentration, ensure the party's mission < the chaos in unity and concerted action to ensure that the party's decision to get quickly and effectively implementing. The Party Central Committee formulated the major principles and policies, through different channels and ways, fully listen to the party organizations and Party members of the opinions and suggestions, but 12 is some people face to face not to say back blather "" will not say, after the meeting said, "" Taiwan does not say, and nonsense ", in fact, not only disrupt the people thought, some causing serious consequences, the damage to the Party of the centralized and unified, hinder the central policy implementation, but also a serious violation of the democratic system of principles. There is no doubt that shall, in accordance with the Regulations > 4 Specified in Article 6 to give the appropriate punishment. For did not cause serious consequences, to give criticism and education or the corresponding tissue processing. (2) about the destruction of the party's unity < New Regulations > the forty eighth to fifty second article, to damage Party's unity unified and violation of political discipline, punishment situation made explicit provisions. Article 52 of the new "in the party get round group, gangs seek private gain, cliques, cultivate private forces or through the exchange of interests, for their own to create momentum and other activities to gain political capital, given a serious warning or withdraw from their party posts disposition; if the circumstances are serious, to give Leave a party to observation or expelled from the party. (3) on against the organization review of the provisions of the constitution, party loyalty honesty is party members must comply with the obligations. Members must obey the organization decision, shall not violate the organization decided encounters by asking questions to find organization, rely on the organization, shall not deceive the organization, against the organization. For example, after the investigation does not take the initiative to explain the situation, but to engage in offensive and defensive alliance, hiding the stolen money is against survey organization, is a violation of the behavior of political discipline. Article 24 of the original > < Regulations, although the provisions of the interference, hinder group review the behavior of the fabric can be severely or 13 Aggravated punishment, but did not put this kind of behavior alone as a discipline for qualitative amount of discipline. > < new regulations increase the Article 57, "anti organization review, one of the following acts, given a warning or serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, give expelled from the party: (a) on supply or forged, destroyed, transfer, conceal evidence; (II) to prevent others expose, providing evidence Material; (III) harboring co personnel; (4) to the organization to provide false information, to hide the fact; (5) the him against the acts of the organization review. "< rule > add this clause to the Constitution requires more specific, the previous no punishment in accordance with the definite list and put forward clear punishment in accordance with. (4) about organizing or participating in superstitious activities as < Regulations > about engage in activities of feudal superstition obstruction of social management order" violations of Article 164 the provisions, but according to the original < rule > only in disrupting production, work, social life order The case to be disciplinary treatment, in other words, alone make the feudal superstition, organize or participate in the activities of feudal superstition of, does not constitute a violation. Which is not consistent with the requirements of our party's political party. > < new regulations in this change is, superstitious activities on the political discipline, increase the Article 58, is the organization of Party members, in superstitious activities included in violation of the negative list of political discipline deserves punishment, which and Party members should adhere to the correct political principle, political standpoint and viewpoint is consistent. 14 the second question about organization and discipline violation behavior of democratic centralism is our The party's fundamental organizational system. < New Regulations > Chapter 7 "in violation of the behavior of organizational discipline punishment" mainly for violation of democratic centralism, contrary to the "four obey the discipline behavior for source classification rules. Increased not in accordance with the relevant provisions or requirements to the organization for instructions to report on major issues; do not report truthfully report about personal matters; falsify personal archives; hide before joining the party serious mistakes; leading cadres in violation of the relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of the old Xiang, Alumni Association, comrades in arms; to obtain illegal country residence abroad or foreign nationality, illegal for private frontier Documents such as discipline terms. (1) on the report truthfully report personal matters in 2010 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China office, office of the State Council introduced < provisions on issues related to the leading cadres to report personal >, is clear about the request, deputy division level and above leading cadres should truthfully report changes in my marriage and spouse, children, moved to the country (territory), practitioners, income, real estate, investment and other matters, for failing to report, do not report, concealed and unreported, according to the seriousness of the case, giving criticism and education, and to make a correction within a time limit, shall be ordered to make a check, the commandment Jiemian conversation, informed criticism or jobs, free Post processing, constitute violations, in accordance with the relevant provisions shall be given a disciplinary sanction. But since the original < Regulations > and there is no corresponding specific terms, the violation of the regulations, do not report, as a false report about personal matters, there is no corresponding disciplinary action terms, in practice it is difficult to operate. In this regard, in order to solve is not reported, as a false report about personal matters 15 asked censure, the new < Regulations > add the Article 67 of violation of personal matters related to reporting requirements, report truthfully report the clear punishment basis, making this kind of violation behavior is no longer free drilling for Exhibition on matters of personal checks to verify and supervision of cadres, discipline review provides a powerful discipline guarantee. (2) about the illegal organization, to fellow, alumni, friends of the war will < regulations stipulated in Article 68 of >, leading cadres of the party in violation of relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrade in arms to give the punishment according to the seriousness of the case. Here special needs note is three points: this provision for only the leading cadres ", reflecting the high requirements of leading cadres; second violation in 2002, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the central Organization Department and the The relevant provisions of the General Political Department jointly issued the < off in leading cadres not to participate in the initiative to set up "the villagers would be" alumni "" comrades in arms organization notice >. That is to say, to the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrades in arms will constitute the premise of discipline is a violation of the provisions of this. The notification specified, leading cadres are not allowed to participate in the spontaneous incorporation of fellow, alumni, between comrades association would like the organization and shall not bear the sorority Human and the organizer shall not hold the corresponding position in the sorority; shall not borrow machine woven "network" and engage in kiss sparsely, round and round the gangs, but not "align" "Jieyi Gold Orchid" behavior. The third is to emphasize here that shall be organized to participate in the initiative to set up the villager, Alumni Association, comrades in arms. The so-called 16 spontaneous was established mainly means without registration. Therefore, Party members include leading cadres in the normal range of fellow, alumni, comrades in the party is not a violation of the rules of Party discipline. The three problem about integrity violations discipline Lian Jie discipline has been eighteen years clean government and anti The focus of the work of corruption. This Ordinance to amend, honesty and discipline this biggest adjustment, the new content, most of which prescribed by the original < criterion of a clean and honest administration > 8 ban and 52 are not allowed into the basic this part. (1) the central eight provisions of the spirit and requirements into < New > in the regulations of the party's eighteen years, central resolutely implement the provisions of the eight and pay close attention to the node and intensive briefing, on public funds, private bus, public funds tourism, gifts of public funds, the big parade and lavish weddings and festive, illegal payment allowances and subsidies, illegal construction of buildings such as the original masses reflects the relatively strong, "four winds" problem of the Resolute rectification. But original < Regulations > to eat and drink, super standard reception and no clear and specific expression, new < rule > will implement eight Central provisions of the spirit of the problem increased to "clean cheap self-discipline" chapter, clear to exceed the standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eating and drinking etc. some in violation of the provisions of the spirit of the eight central relevant persons responsible for punishment, once the violation will be according to the < rule > severely punished, binding, enhanced significantly. One is to add Article 87, about to obtain illegal, hold, and the actual use of the sports card, golf ball cards and other consumer card. Illegal access to private clubs made the punishment provisions. The second is increase the Article 97, has made provisions of the disposition of illegal self pay or 17 spamming allowances, subsidies and bonuses. The third is added to the Article 99, on violation of super standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eat and drink to make the provisions of punishment. The fourth is to increase the Article 101, on the management of conference activities in violation of the provisions made sanctions regulations. The fifth is the increased Article 102, for violation of office space management provisions made the punishment provisions. Six is to split the original < rule > Article 78, formed article 98, Article 100 of public Models of tourism, violate the provisions on the administration of the use of discipline of the bus through the list of made a more detailed provisions, apply more operational. Seven is increased the article 96, in violation of the relevant provisions of the, to participate in public funds to pay for dinner, high consumption of entertainment, fitness activities and public funds to buy gift, send gifts to make the provisions of the disposition. On the violation of the central provisions of the spirit of the eight, in addition to > < new regulations into "violation of honesty and self-discipline" misconduct outside, is different with the original < Regulations >, revised < rule > clearly defined not only to disposition of the directly responsible persons, but also dispose of collar Guide responsibilities. (2) increased trading rights, use of authority or position influence as relatives and close to profit violation of the terms of the < New Regulations > absorption < clean politics several guidelines > the relevant provisions spirit, increase the "negative list, including trading rights, the functions and powers or duties of influence as relatives and staff around profit. Increase Article 81" mutual use of office or authority ring for each other and their spouses, children and their spouses and other relatives, around 18 personnel and other specific relationship between the people to seek benefits engage in trading rights, given a warning or serious warning Sanctions; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, shall be expelled from the party. Increase Article 82 "connivance, acquiescence to the spouse, children and spouse etc. relatives and staff around the effect of Party members and cadres personal authority or position for personal gain, if the circumstances are relatively minor, given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, the given Expelled from the party. Party members and cadres of the spouses, children and their spouses does the actual work and get salary or although the actual work but to receive significantly beyond the same rank salary standard, Party members and cadres informed fails to correct, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. "(3) about the gifts, gifts misconduct from handling practices in recent years, engaged in official cadres received gifts, gifts problems more prominent. This has seriously affected the image of Party members and cadres, damaged the relations between the party and the masses, and is a hotbed of corruption, is really necessary for this kind of behavior to be disciplined. < rule > no on accepting gifts, gifts, Card consumption behavior to engage in simple "one size fits all", but the difference between the different separately. One is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting may affect the impartial enforcement of the official gifts, gifts, consumer cards to depending on the seriousness of the case shall be given disciplinary sanctions. That is to say, for may affect the fair execution of business gifts, gifts, consumer cards are not allowed to accept. 19 is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting was significantly higher than normal ceremony is still exchanges of gifts, gifts, consumer card to disciplinary action. This is new regulations that daily life is purely reciprocity, accepting the same thing, boys , fellow friends gifts, gifts, shopping cards, although and fair execution of business has nothing to do, also want to as the case shall be dealt with, the situation is obviously beyond normal reciprocity ". The so-called" reciprocity ", one is emphasizes the reciprocal in protocol. In other words is you to me how, I to you how, not only does not go. The second is to significantly exceeded the normal local economy level, customs and habits, economic capacity of individual gifts, gift value. Specific sanctions to according to the processing of a variety of factors to consider, as appropriate. The third is the root according to the provisions of Article 84," to Engaged in public service personnel and their spouses and children, children's spouses and other relatives and other specific relationship presented Ming Xianchao normal reciprocity of gifts, gifts, consumer card, if the circumstances are relatively serious, given a warning until probation. "In accordance with the above provisions, gift giving significantly beyond the normal reciprocity, giver constitute the discipline. (4) on illegal trading of stocks or of other regulations of securities investment < > Article 88 is engaged in punishment regulation of camp and activity in violation of the relevant provisions on. Among them, 3 will" buying and selling stocks or in other securities investment "column as one of disciplinary cases Out. First need to be clear, > < regulations did not change the provisions of the Ordinance. The ordinance of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 77 provisions "who, in violation of the provisions of the sale of stocks" is one of the violation, and at the beginning of the first paragraph of this article "violation of 20 against the relevant provisions of the" textual representation of the repeat revision. In, just from the legislative technique removed the "personal" in violation of the provisions, content and not to change the original provisions. Need to clear is, "buy or sell a stock or of other securities investment" refers to violation of the relevant provisions refers to in April 2001, the Party Central Committee, the State Council promulgated the On the work of the party and government organs staff's personal investment in securities if dry provisions >. According to the provisions of Article 3, use of work time, office facilities, the sale of stocks and securities investment fund belongs to illegal behavior. The fourth question, about the violation of the masses of the disciplinary actions < new regulations > would violate public discipline behavior of a single set of a class of restored "three rules of discipline and eight note" in the discipline of the masses of excellent traditional. < New Regulations > Chapter 9 "to violate the masses of disciplinary action", mainly the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary; enrich and perfect the super standard, beyond the scope of Xiang Qun < All to raise fund and labor, in for involving the public affairs deliberately, chinakayao, in social security, policy support, disaster relief funds and materials and other matters assigned any kind and affectionate friends, obviously unfair acts against the interests of the masses of the disciplinary terms; increase the terms not in accordance with the provisions of the public party provided, government, factory and village (neighborhood) provided etc. violation of the people's right to know the behavior of the discipline. The fifth issue, on the violation of work discipline violation of work discipline added "negative list, including Party organizations carry out strictly Main responsibility for poor discipline terms. (1) the new party organization comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party does not fulfill the 21 or perform poor disciplinary terms < New Regulations > has a lead people to pay attention to the new terms, that is, in chapter ten "on the violation of work discipline behavior punishment" increase in the one hundred and fourteenth "party fail to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party or to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility for administering the ineffective, resulting in serious damage or serious adverse effects, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership and give a warning or serious warning. The situation is serious, giving removed from their party posts or on probation Punishment. "Here the changes. For the first time, the main responsibility write < rule >. (2) new shall report does not report or false reporting discipline shall increase the 117 bar" in the higher level units to check to inspect the work or report to the parent unit, work report of shall report the matters do not report or do not report, cause serious damage or serious adverse effects of, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership, to give warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, giving removed from their party posts or placed on probation. "For example, during the tour visits to the region, the unit Members the obligation to the inspection teams to reflect the true situation, to conceal not reported or intentionally to the inspection teams to provide false information, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects of, the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership should be in accordance with the provisions of < rule > Article 117 to give the appropriate punishment. (3) the new not granted in accordance with the provisions of punishment, not according to the provisions of the implementation of disciplinary measures 22 violation of the provisions of Article 115 "Party organizations have one of the following circumstances, the direct leadership responsibility. Probation: members were sentenced punished, in accordance with the provisions give disciplinary action or in violation of state law Rules of behavior should be given disciplinary punishment and dispose of; disciplinary punishment by decision or complaint review the decision made, not in accordance with the provisions of the implementation decisions on punishment of the party, position, rank, and the treatment of the matters; Party members subject to disciplinary action, not in accordance with the cadre management authority and organizational relationships of by dispose of Party members to carry out education and supervision of daily management. "What needs to be pointed out is," cliff "demoted with cars, housing, secretary problem, implementation is not a discipline and party posts and ranks treatment by the organization department is responsible for the implementation, with cars, housing by the logistics department is responsible for the implementation of, Ji Commission responsible oversight responsibilities. The six questions, about the acts violating the discipline of life "in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment", mainly to "four winds" problems and a serious violation of social morality, family virtue acts of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary, an increase of extravagant life, contrary to the social public order and good customs disciplinary terms. Worth mentioning is, > < Regulations in Article 150 about "adultery" "mistress (Cardiff) formulation in the new < rule > is removed, to expand the scope of Article 127 provisions" and others hair improper sexual relations, let face disciplinary action Wider more strict. Four, and earnestly do a good job in the < code > and < rule > implement system of life lies in execution. < code > and < Regulations > is 23 Party organizations at all levels of a strong constraint and all Party members follow. Learning and implementing the < code > and < rule > is party committees (party), commission for discipline, discipline inspection group), the majority of Party members and cadres of the common responsibility, must party caught together, the party one execution. () Party committees (party) and play and implement comprehensive strictly the main responsibility, pays special attention to the two party regulations learning cross penetration. One is to Adhere to the party constitution is fundamental to follow, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Chapter. The second is to adhere to the problem oriented, to strictly political discipline and political rule moments in the first place. The third is to adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front must not allow the bottom line to break the discipline. The fourth is to seriously organize the study of propaganda and education, in the city party members to create a disciplined, about the rules of the strong atmosphere. (II) Commission for Discipline Inspection at all levels (Discipline Inspection Group) to an important basis for the revised two party regulations as, adhere to easily blame, strengthen supervision and enforcement And early method in combining Ji, increase accountability efforts. One is to two regulations within the party important basis, adhere to the party constitution duties, with strict discipline to maintain the constitution authority. The second is to adhere to high standards and keep the bottom line, adhere to Ji Yan in law and discipline, the discipline and rules quite in front, grasping grasping small, easily blame, comprehensive use of supervision and discipline of "four kinds of form" in the discipline embodies the strict requirements and care for the discipline, tighten up, Yan. According to discipline in accordance with regulations to carry out disciplinary review. Increase the violations punishment, clues can initiate an investigation on the trial of cases According to the discipline on the provisions of the proportion of processing and control manager maintains discipline. To focus on investigating non convergence, don't accept hand serious disciplinary violations at the same time, pay more attention to the general review of discipline 24 behavior, and gradually increase the lighter punishment. Four is to illuminate two party regulations, combined with the local district of the Department of party conduct Lianzheng to relevant laws and regulations system clean, timely research proposes to establish, change, waste release opinion, avoid conflict, and the fasten system of cage, and gradually formed not rot, not rot, not want to rot system and working mechanism. (3) the leadership of the party members and cadres should play an exemplary role. The rate of higher consciousness of the front of the Ordinance to lead practice self-discipline norms, leading to maintain discipline of seriousness and authority. One is the above rate, demonstration and guidance, take the lead in learning and mastering the < code > and < > the requirements and regulations, do the deep understanding, learning to use. The second is to play an exemplary role in abiding by discipline rate, take the lead in practicing self-discipline norms, firmly establish before the discipline are equal, the system has no privilege, discipline is no exception, and consciously do standards, require more strict measures more practical. Third is to consciously accept supervision, conscientiously participate in the democratic life and debriefing honesty responsibility, such as Real to the party organization to report personal matters, and to accept the supervision of the work and life of the normal, habits under the supervision of the exercise of power, to carry out the work. The fourth is to set an example for the strict enforcement of discipline. Leading cadres should take the lead in the maintenance of discipline of seriousness and authority, to dare to seriously, dare to struggle, dare to offend people, for misconduct not laissez faire, but do not indulge, not tolerate to ensure the party constitution of party compasses party put in place. (4) the majority of Party members and cadres to set high standards and hold the bottom line, consciously abide by the < code > and < rule >. One is to control the < standard > and < 25 cases >, tight Close connection with their own thoughts, practical work and life, efforts to solve the problems, to enhance the study and implement of the effectiveness and pertinence. The second is to establish a high standard and hold the bottom line, consciously in the self-discipline pursuit of high standards, strictly in the party away from the red line discipline, discipline, about the rules and know fear, distrust, the formation of the honor system, comply with the system, safeguard system of good habits. Regulations and discipline regulations of < < New Revision of the Communist Party of China clean fingered self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Party Disciplinary Regulations > is the Party Central Committee in the new situation to promote the comprehensive strictly root of the lift, the regulations of the party construction of keeping pace with the times. We should study and implement the Standards > and < > as the primary political task, adhere to the party constitution duties, adhere to the discipline of, Ji Yan in law, the full implementation of supervision and discipline accountability responsibilities for coordination and promotion "four overall" strategic layout in XX District vivid practice to provide a strong guarantee. - Si Jian Wu, and effectively enhance the implementation of the implementation of the < code > < > The consciousness of General Secretary Xi pointed out that the party is in charge of the party, to manage the party; strictly, it can cure good party. Criterion > and < rule > keep pace with the times is our party to form a new potential strictly rules, to deepen understanding of the ruling law, is a comprehensive strictly, and strengthen the supervision within the party important grasper. Criterion > closely linked to the theme of self-discipline, self-discipline intensity-modulated, focusing on morality, for the majority of Party members and cadres set to see, feel the high standard, show the Communists noble moral sentiment; District Ordinance < < rule > the constitution of discipline integration into a political discipline, organization and discipline, honesty and discipline, discipline of the masses, work discipline, discipline, emphasize discipline, focusing on established rules, to draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line. Party committees (party) to effectively strengthen the study and publicize the implementation of the < code > and < rule > the organization and leadership of criterion > and < > a full range, multi angle, deep publicity, the formation of study and publicize and implement the boom, in order to consolidate the development of good political environment to create a positive environment and atmosphere. The majority of Party members and cadres to strict requirements, the < rule > and < Ordinance cases > as a guide to action and behavior criterion, adhere to the moral standards and discipline of the bottom line, to maintain the discipline of worship and awe, learning, compliance, and maintain party discipline and rules of the model. The discipline inspection and supervision organs and cadres to the < code > and < > as the deepening of the "three", and strengthen supervision and discipline of accountability is important to follow correctly grasp the use of supervision and discipline of "four types", promote the comprehensive strictly in new roots. Strict discipline, adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front of the enterprise in the implementation of expensive to implement to execute. The discipline inspection and supervision organs to implement the < code > and < Efforts to investigate cases > as an opportunity, adhere to the party should manage the party strictly, serious performance of their duties to promote two regulations implementation. Change discipline concept. From the simple "investigation of illegal" to a comprehensive "stare at violate discipline"; from the business case to prosecute the big cases and timely solve the signs of tilt to. From the orientation to the normal supervision; from the tube "minority" to resist the "most". Guide Party members and cadres to seriously implement the < code > and < rule >, consciously abide by the political, organizational, honest people, work, life six discipline. Urge the leadership cadres sent to play an exemplary role, take the lead in strictly enforced. Relaxation and rest Strong wind is Su Ji, closely linked to the "four winds" prone to multiple, the masses reflect the strong important nodes and, glued to the four winds "new form, new trends, seriously investigate and deal with violations of the central eight provisions of the spirit, to increase the bulletin exposure intensity, the formation of Chajiu" four winds "loudly, continue to release and discipline must be strict signal. At the same time, extended supervision tentacles, through the development of the rural and fishery party conduct Lianzheng construction inspection, issued in a timely manner, Chajiu occurred in grassroots side of corruption and unhealthy, and earnestly safeguard the interests of the masses and social stability. The creativity and discipline. Grasp and make good use of the supervision and discipline of" four types ", to ensure the Promoting clues to lots of discipline and the law of the vacuum tube, strict together. Not only to the "less" and "very few" thorough investigation severely punished, but also the "most" to maintain zero tolerance trend through layers of conductive pressure, let the discipline about the rules for each party members and cadres consciously follow. At present, it is necessary to implement the "list" management, strictly follow the clues to the disposal of five standards, make the classification of disposal, dynamic cleanup. Zadok Party committees at all levels to implement the main responsibility, comprehensive use of disciplinary action and tissue processing and other means to effectively curb the commonplace, used to see do not blame the "small problem", not because of "practice" and "exception". Prominent Discipline characteristics, the problems of violation of discipline and rules into the focus of supervision and discipline and disciplinary review. At the same time, increase case double check the intensity, the serious problems of discipline violations or "four winds" ban but not absolutely, not only to be held directly responsible, but also held leadership responsibility; not only to pursue studies the main responsibility of the Party committee, and to pursue Commission for Discipline Inspection and supervision responsibilities and promote accountability to become the new norm. The implementation of supervisory responsibility. Maintain < code > and < rule > the seriousness and authority of the discipline and rules and truly become the party's ruler. Discipline as supervision within the party the specialized agency, we must strengthen the responsibility to act, adhere to the Impartial discipline accountability, earnestly will be strict discipline, discipline must be punished, and severely punish the acts in violation of rules and regulations.