语文专题复习学案——诗歌鉴赏之读懂诗歌[1]

语文专题复习学案——诗歌鉴赏之读懂诗歌[1] 语文专题复习学案——诗歌鉴赏之读懂诗歌 教学目标】学习读懂诗歌的方法，帮助学生找到解读诗歌的钥匙 【教学方法】讨论法、鉴赏法 【教学过程】 一、读懂诗歌的作用 1、诗歌备考的四个环节 知识——读懂——鉴赏—— 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 述 2、知识包括形象、语言、技巧、思想内容和古诗词常识 3、读懂的作用 读懂是知识的综合运用。 读懂是鉴赏和表述的基础。 二、怎样才算读懂, 1、明白表层意思 能翻译出大意:时间、地点、人物、事情、景物 2、领会深层意思 写出了什么意境(形象、氛围) 表达了什么情感(情绪、心境) 反映了什么思想(态度、观点) 3、例如: 汉江临泛 王维 楚塞三湘接，荆门九派通。 江流天地外，山色有无中。 郡邑浮前浦，波澜动远空。 upgrade and expansion, whole system construction of guideline followed following principles: Advanced: full reference both at home and abroad advanced, and mature of technology, and method and means, Project design, technical product leader, mature products as possible on the main equipment selection, technical lead and aligned with national standards of general-purpose, standard equipment. Systematization: strictly follow the view of system engineering and construction, has always been to practice engineering integrity, hierarchy, and adaptability to the external environment for constructive purposes. Maximize the business integration, functional integration and avoid different products, different standards and specifications of piecing together and combination of the system. Openness and standardization: hardware device selects the domestic and foreign well-known products, system architecture and protocol standards are in accordance with the ITU-t international industry standards and ISO standards of design, core systems and devices, following international standards, harmonization of standards, ensure system scalability and continuity of the system. Practicality: ensure high availability of the system performance with high reliability and flexibility both; first to ensure stable and reliable operation of the system, and using redundancy design of key components of the key position then to simple, technologically advanced, economical and practical. Extensible and maintainable: within the expected life cycle of systems or equipment, can be upgraded and modified to meet the needs of the user actions and application requirements change. And ensures after-sales service 襄阳好风日，留醉与山翁。 大意: (我泛舟江上，纵目远望，只见)莽莽古楚之地和从湖南方面奔涌而来的“三湘”之水相连接，汹涌汉江入荆江而与长江九派汇聚合流。 汉江(滔滔远去，好像一直涌流到)天地之外去了，两岸重重青山，(迷迷蒙蒙，时隐时现，)若有若无。 (远方的)城郭在前面的水面上浮动;波涛汹涌，浪拍云天，摇荡起(远方的)天空。 襄阳风光美丽，(似乎想要把我)留下，与山翁共谋一醉 三、如何读懂诗歌 (一)、如何明白浅层意思, 填充内容——诗中省略的主语、宾语、状语、过渡语等 调整语序——主谓倒装、状语后置、宾语前置等 整合句意——前后连缀，大体翻译为意思相对完整的句子。 练习:翻译这首诗的大意 竹窗闻风寄苗发司空曙 李益 微风惊暮坐，临牖思悠哉。 开门复动竹，疑是故人来。 时滴枝上露，稍沾阶下苔。 何当一入幌，为拂绿琴埃。 ,注,苗发、司空曙是李益诗友。 大意:傍晚时分，一阵微风吹来，把我从冥坐中惊醒。我走近窗户，思绪飘渺起来。 (风)吹开门，又吹动竹子。(我听到动静)以为是故人来(看望我)。 (风)吹落竹枝上的露珠，露珠滴在石阶下的青苔上。 (这风)应该掀开门帘进屋来，为我拂去绿琴上的尘埃。 upgrade and expansion, whole system construction of guideline followed following principles: Advanced: full reference both at home and abroad advanced, and mature of technology, and method and means, Project design, technical product leader, mature products as possible on the main equipment selection, technical lead and aligned with national standards of general-purpose, standard equipment. Systematization: strictly follow the view of system engineering and construction, has always been to practice engineering integrity, hierarchy, and adaptability to the external environment for constructive purposes. Maximize the business integration, functional integration and avoid different products, different standards and specifications of piecing together and combination of the system. Openness and standardization: hardware device selects the domestic and foreign well-known products, system architecture and protocol standards are in accordance with the ITU-t international industry standards and ISO standards of design, core systems and devices, following international standards, harmonization of standards, ensure system scalability and continuity of the system. Practicality: ensure high availability of the system performance with high reliability and flexibility both; first to ensure stable and reliable operation of the system, and using redundancy design of key components of the key position then to simple, technologically advanced, economical and practical. Extensible and maintainable: within the expected life cycle of systems or equipment, can be upgraded and modified to meet the needs of the user actions and application requirements change. And ensures after-sales service (二)、如何领会深层意思, 1、联系信息，揣摩语言 信息:题目、注释、诗人生平;意象语言、情感语言、首尾句 1)、标题 “题者，额也;目者，眼也。”题目包含诸多信息，或揭示内容，如《别董大》;或展示思路，如《望月怀远》;或流露情感，如《西宫春怨》;或表露神情，如《寻隐者不遇》:或托物言志，如《咏蝉》;或怀古咏史，如《石头城》等。题目为我们打开了通向诗歌主旨的第一条快速通道。 如: 待储光羲不至 重门朝已启，起坐听车声。 要欲闻清佩，方将出户迎。 晚钟鸣上苑，疏雨过春城。 了自不相顾，临堂空复情。 这首诗紧扣标题中的“待”字，描写诗人等待客人的种种情景:一大早打开重门等待储光羲的来到，诗人坐立不宁，一会儿站起来，一会坐下去，都在倾听友人来到时的车马声。好像(“要欲”)听到友人身上佩戴的玉石撞击的清脆之声，正要出门去迎接，谁知这是一种错觉。可见诗人等待之急切。然而，从早一直等到晚(“晚钟鸣上苑”)，外面下起了“疏雨”，友人带没有到来。于诗人终于明白了(了自，已经明白)，友人不会来了。“临堂空复情”，是自己自作多情(空复情，自多情)。可见本诗通过一系列的细节描写，表达了盼望好友到来的期待之情，或者说表达了久候好友不至的怅惘之情。 2)、注释 如: 绝句二首(其一) 杜甫 迟日江山丽，春风花草香。 泥融飞燕子，沙暖睡鸳鸯。 【注】此诗写于诗人经过“一岁四行役”的奔波流离之后，暂时定居成都草堂时。 此绝句描绘了怎样的景象,表达了诗人怎样的感情, 此诗描绘了一派美丽的初春景象:春天阳光普照，四野青绿，江水映日，春风送来花草的馨香，泥融土湿，燕子忙着衔泥筑巢，日丽沙暖，鸳鸯在沙洲上静睡不动(步骤一)。这是一幅明净绚丽的春景图(步骤二)。表现了诗人结束奔波流离生活安定后愉悦闲适的心境(步骤三)。 upgrade and expansion, whole system construction of guideline followed following principles: Advanced: full reference both at home and abroad advanced, and mature of technology, and method and means, Project design, technical product leader, mature products as possible on the main equipment selection, technical lead and aligned with national standards of general-purpose, standard equipment. Systematization: strictly follow the view of system engineering and construction, has always been to practice engineering integrity, hierarchy, and adaptability to the external environment for constructive purposes. Maximize the business integration, functional integration and avoid different products, different standards and specifications of piecing together and combination of the system. Openness and standardization: hardware device selects the domestic and foreign well-known products, system architecture and protocol standards are in accordance with the ITU-t international industry standards and ISO standards of design, core systems and devices, following international standards, harmonization of standards, ensure system scalability and continuity of the system. Practicality: ensure high availability of the system performance with high reliability and flexibility both; first to ensure stable and reliable operation of the system, and using redundancy design of key components of the key position then to simple, technologically advanced, economical and practical. Extensible and maintainable: within the expected life cycle of systems or equipment, can be upgraded and modified to meet the needs of the user actions and application requirements change. And ensures after-sales service 作用:有些介绍写作背景，那是在暗示你本诗的思想内容;有些是介绍相关诗句，那是在暗示你本诗的用典或其意境;有些介绍作者，那是在暗示你本诗的写作风格。 3)、作者 知人 世外桃源:疲惫灵魂的皈依—陶渊明 诗中有画:描摹景物的顿悟—王 维 笑傲公卿:傲岸人格的张扬—李 白 漂泊天涯:大唐衰微的见证—杜 甫 强者宣言:永不放弃的追求—刘禹锡 明白晓畅:现实主义的革新—白居易 放浪形骸:盛事难再的挽歌—杜 牧 委婉隐晦:迷惘无助的宣泄—李商隐 论世 盛唐建功立业的豪歌。 中唐乱离时世的悲歌。 晚唐王朝衰败的挽歌。 北宋的哲理思考入诗。 南宋的爱国情怀入诗。 4)、注意诗歌意象句，如杜甫的诗句 “飘飘何所似，天地一沙鸥。”中意象“沙鸥” 5)、注意诗歌中的情感句，如崔颢的诗句“日暮乡关何处是, 烟波江上使人愁。” “诗言情”，情是诗的生命，是诗的灵魂。找到关键性的能体现诗人情感的关键词，就等于读懂了诗。诗人的情感往往通过两种方式来体现:一是直接用感情词，如喜乐哀伤，忧悲愁思之类;二是用意象体现，如雁、明月、秋雨、落花等。两种方式又往往混用。 例如:韦应物的《闻雁》:“故园渺何处,归思方悠哉。淮南秋夜雨，高斋闻雁来。”赵嘏的《寒塘》:“晓发梳临水，寒塘坐见秋。乡心正无限，一雁过南楼。” 两首诗中的“故园”“渺”“归思”“悠”“雁”“寒”“乡心”等关键词体现了诗人浓浓的乡愁情感。体现情感的关键词为我们打开了理解诗歌主旨的另一条快速通道。 2,结构层次 upgrade and expansion, whole system construction of guideline followed following principles: Advanced: full reference both at home and abroad advanced, and mature of technology, and method and means, Project design, technical product leader, mature products as possible on the main equipment selection, technical lead and aligned with national standards of general-purpose, standard equipment. Systematization: strictly follow the view of system engineering and construction, has always been to practice engineering integrity, hierarchy, and adaptability to the external environment for constructive purposes. Maximize the business integration, functional integration and avoid different products, different standards and specifications of piecing together and combination of the system. Openness and standardization: hardware device selects the domestic and foreign well-known products, system architecture and protocol standards are in accordance with the ITU-t international industry standards and ISO standards of design, core systems and devices, following international standards, harmonization of standards, ensure system scalability and continuity of the system. Practicality: ensure high availability of the system performance with high reliability and flexibility both; first to ensure stable and reliable operation of the system, and using redundancy design of key components of the key position then to simple, technologically advanced, economical and practical. Extensible and maintainable: within the expected life cycle of systems or equipment, can be upgraded and modified to meet the needs of the user actions and application requirements change. And ensures after-sales service 近体诗的第三句或第三联在内容和写法上往往与前面有所变化 3，诗的题材 4、再现情境，设身体验 通过联想和想象，再现诗歌情境，设身进入这一情境中去体验、感受其情感和意境。 5，读出妙处 炼字 炼句 炼篇 表达技巧 6、筛选词语，确定内容 联系意境、情感、思想态度等相关主题词，确认诗歌的深层意思。 相关主题词 意境主题词: 宏阔:苍凉、雄浑、辽阔、高远、壮阔、深远„„ 细腻:空寂、缠绵、幽静、宁谧、婉转、朦胧„„ 热闹:热烈、繁华、淳朴、喧闹、欢快„„ 清冷:凄清、寥落、萧条、荒凉、冷寂„„ 情感主题词: 悲:忧愁、凄苦、悲凉、悲伤、伤感、惆怅、沉痛、消沉、怨愤、寂寞、孤独、烦闷、思念、惜别、依恋、眷恋„„ 喜:欢乐、喜悦、愉悦、恬淡、闲适、悠闲、豪放、赞美、热爱、仰慕„„ 思想(态度)主题词: 积极进取、自信豪迈、建功报国、乐观旷达、忧国忧民、 批判、讽刺„„ 消极、消沉、颓废、退隐„„ 7. 挖掘考题提供的信息 出卷人必须紧紧围绕所选诗的特定形象、语言特色、表达技巧和思想内容来设计考题。因此，考题本身就是理解的重要信息和难得的资源。 例如:2005年广州二模题所选的两首诗:“墙角数枝梅，凌寒独自开。遥知不是雪，为有暗香来。”(王安石《梅花》)“云里溪桥独树春，客来惊起晓妆匀。试从意外看upgrade and expansion, whole system construction of guideline followed following principles: Advanced: full reference both at home and abroad advanced, and mature of technology, and method and means, Project design, technical product leader, mature products as possible on the main equipment selection, technical lead and aligned with national standards of general-purpose, standard equipment. Systematization: strictly follow the view of system engineering and construction, has always been to practice engineering integrity, hierarchy, and adaptability to the external environment for constructive purposes. Maximize the business integration, functional integration and avoid different products, different standards and specifications of piecing together and combination of the system. Openness and standardization: hardware device selects the domestic and foreign well-known products, system architecture and protocol standards are in accordance with the ITU-t international industry standards and ISO standards of design, core systems and devices, following international standards, harmonization of standards, ensure system scalability and continuity of the system. Practicality: ensure high availability of the system performance with high reliability and flexibility both; first to ensure stable and reliable operation of the system, and using redundancy design of key components of the key position then to simple, technologically advanced, economical and practical. Extensible and maintainable: within the expected life cycle of systems or equipment, can be upgraded and modified to meet the needs of the user actions and application requirements change. And ensures after-sales service 风味，方信留侯似妇人。”(陈焕《梅花》) 从考题题干“王安石和陈焕两首咏梅诗，都抓住了梅花的同一特征进行歌咏，这一特征是什么,两位诗人是怎样借此抒发他们的情感的,”中可以获取三个重要信息:?两首诗中“梅”的特征一样。?“这一特征是什么”间接告诉我们理解的关键。?“怎样借此抒发他们的情感的”间接告诉我们用了托物言志的手法。这些信息大大减小了理解及答题的难度。考题中的信息为我们打开了理解诗歌主旨的又一条快速通道。 四、特别提醒 1、要真正读懂诗歌，方法不是根本，多读多悟才是关键。 2、读懂是一项综合性的智力活动，要先学会分步阅读，再上升到综合阅读。 3、这段时间做诗歌鉴赏题，不要忙于答题，要有意识地把读懂诗歌放在首位。 五，练习 1 解读内容: 赠从弟 刘桢 亭亭山上松，瑟瑟谷中风。风声一何盛，松枝一何劲。 冰霜正惨凄，终岁常端正。岂不罹凝寒，松柏有本性。 整首诗只言松而不言人，如果不在题目“赠从弟”上下功夫，很难把握其主旨。由 题目明白了诗是赠堂弟的，才可能理解该诗托物言志，借咏松树来勉励堂弟保持节操的主旨。 2 解读内容: 观书有感 朱熹 半亩方塘一鉴开，天光云影共徘徊。问渠那得清如许，为有源头活水来。 如果只看诗正文，以为是小湖水的风景，但看了题目之后，便知道，本诗谈的是作者看书的感受，半亩方塘是书，天光云影是指书中有美好的景致，源头活水是指读书可以使神清智清，思想永远鲜活。 3、 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 下面两首诗的情感: 闻雁 韦应物 故园渺何处,归思方悠哉。淮南秋夜雨，高斋闻雁来。 寒塘 赵嘏 晓发梳临水，寒塘坐见秋。乡心正无限，一雁过南楼。 两首诗中的“故园”“渺”“归思”“悠”“雁”“寒”“乡心”等关键词体现了诗人浓浓的乡愁情感。体现情感的关键词为我们打开了理解诗歌主旨的另一条快速通道。 4,阅读下面一首诗,然后回答问题。,8分, upgrade and expansion, whole system construction of guideline followed following principles: Advanced: full reference both at home and abroad advanced, and mature of technology, and method and means, Project design, technical product leader, mature products as possible on the main equipment selection, technical lead and aligned with national standards of general-purpose, standard equipment. Systematization: strictly follow the view of system engineering and construction, has always been to practice engineering integrity, hierarchy, and adaptability to the external environment for constructive purposes. Maximize the business integration, functional integration and avoid different products, different standards and specifications of piecing together and combination of the system. Openness and standardization: hardware device selects the domestic and foreign well-known products, system architecture and protocol standards are in accordance with the ITU-t international industry standards and ISO standards of design, core systems and devices, following international standards, harmonization of standards, ensure system scalability and continuity of the system. Practicality: ensure high availability of the system performance with high reliability and flexibility both; first to ensure stable and reliable operation of the system, and using redundancy design of key components of the key position then to simple, technologically advanced, economical and practical. Extensible and maintainable: within the expected life cycle of systems or equipment, can be upgraded and modified to meet the needs of the user actions and application requirements change. And ensures after-sales service 天津桥春望 雍陶 津桥春水浸红霞～烟柳风丝拂岸斜。 翠辇不来金殿闭～宫莺衔出上阳花。 注释:?雍陶生活在晚唐。 (1) 全诗处处切合一“望”字。请你简要描述诗人“望”到的景象。 (2)这首诗通篇写景～不言史事～不发议论～静观默察～态度似乎很悠然～然而在这种看似冷静的描写中～蕴藏着作者的一种什么感情?请结合诗句简要分析。 【参考答案】 ,1,,4分,1、一二句作者描绘出一幅津桥春日图～明媚绮丽～引人入胜。 天津桥下～春水溶溶～绚烂的云霞倒映在水中,天津桥畔～翠柳如烟～枝枝柔条斜拂水面～缕缕游丝随风飘扬。三四句作者写上阳宫一片寂寥,宫殿重门紧闭～只有宫莺衔着一片残花飞出墙垣,一二句2分～三四2分,。 ,2,,4分,诗歌蕴藏着作者吊古伤今的沉郁的感情。诗的一二句写津桥春日～明媚绮丽～三四句写金殿闭锁、宫苑寂寥～前后映衬～对照鲜明。人们从这种强烈的对比中～很自然地感受到自然界的春天岁岁重来～而大唐帝国的盛世却一去不复返了。,感情2分～分析2分, 六、作业 1、 寻陆鸿渐不遇 唐? 皎然 upgrade and expansion, whole system construction of guideline followed following principles: Advanced: full reference both at home and abroad advanced, and mature of technology, and method and means, Project design, technical product leader, mature products as possible on the main equipment selection, technical lead and aligned with national standards of general-purpose, standard equipment. Systematization: strictly follow the view of system engineering and construction, has always been to practice engineering integrity, hierarchy, and adaptability to the external environment for constructive purposes. Maximize the business integration, functional integration and avoid different products, different standards and specifications of piecing together and combination of the system. Openness and standardization: hardware device selects the domestic and foreign well-known products, system architecture and protocol standards are in accordance with the ITU-t international industry standards and ISO standards of design, core systems and devices, following international standards, harmonization of standards, ensure system scalability and continuity of the system. Practicality: ensure high availability of the system performance with high reliability and flexibility both; first to ensure stable and reliable operation of the system, and using redundancy design of key components of the key position then to simple, technologically advanced, economical and practical. Extensible and maintainable: within the expected life cycle of systems or equipment, can be upgraded and modified to meet the needs of the user actions and application requirements change. And ensures after-sales service 移家虽带郭，野径入桑麻。近种篱边菊，秋来未著花。 扣门无犬吠，欲去问西家。报道山中去，归来每日斜。 注:带郭，意思是靠近外城。 ? “欲去问西家”一句中诗人“欲去”的原因是 。“欲去”还“问”，表示了诗人什么样的情感, ?诗中的陆鸿渐是一个什么样的人物形象,作品是从哪两个方面刻画这一形象的, 2、阅读下面一首诗歌，然后回答问题。(8分) 菩萨蛮?塞上秋望 (清)冯云骧 龙沙落日山衔水，登台怅望寒云里。猎骑返城西，秋风大将旗。 飞蓬迷鸟路，白雁哀鸣去。绝塞易黄昏，孤城早闭门。 (1)词的上阕通过哪些意象呼应了词题,这些意象的描写有何作用,(4分) (2)一般说来，词的下阕应抒发情感，可文中却看不到直抒胸臆的句子，请结合文本，简要分析下阕抒发了怎样的思想感情。(4分)((1)词的上阕中呼应词题的意象:“龙沙、落日、山、水、寒云、猎骑、大将旗”等(1分);通过这些意象的描写，作者着意渲染了奇异壮丽、雄浑苍凉的宏阔境界(1分)刻画了边关特有的生活情调 。(1分) ,2,下阕“飞蓬”一句～借断根干枯后随风飞转的蓬草～暗喻戌边将士行孤苦无依的漂泊感,“迷鸟路”“白雁哀鸣”即写景～也烘托了将士们“归家无期的内心痛苦”,“绝寒”“孤城”一联则通过写与世隔绝的边寒黄昏、闭门孤城～暗示了戌边将士们孤独寂寞的思归愁绪。,能结合具体文本～答出以上任意两点可得4分, upgrade and expansion, whole system construction of guideline followed following principles: Advanced: full reference both at home and abroad advanced, and mature of technology, and method and means, Project design, technical product leader, mature products as possible on the main equipment selection, technical lead and aligned with national standards of general-purpose, standard equipment. Systematization: strictly follow the view of system engineering and construction, has always been to practice engineering integrity, hierarchy, and adaptability to the external environment for constructive purposes. Maximize the business integration, functional integration and avoid different products, different standards and specifications of piecing together and combination of the system. Openness and standardization: hardware device selects the domestic and foreign well-known products, system architecture and protocol standards are in accordance with the ITU-t international industry standards and ISO standards of design, core systems and devices, following international standards, harmonization of standards, ensure system scalability and continuity of the system. Practicality: ensure high availability of the system performance with high reliability and flexibility both; first to ensure stable and reliable operation of the system, and using redundancy design of key components of the key position then to simple, technologically advanced, economical and practical. Extensible and maintainable: within the expected life cycle of systems or equipment, can be upgraded and modified to meet the needs of the user actions and application requirements change. And ensures after-sales service