初中英语介词的用法

初中英语介词的用法 介词的用法 1. 介词是 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示词与词，词与句子关系的词，注意在句子中不作成分。 2. 介词的分类:a表时间的介词。 B表地点位置的介词。 C表方式的介词 D其他的介词 第一类表时间的介词 1. 表年，月，日和时刻的词 at表时刻和时间的某一点。at ten o’clock at lunch at that time at the same time at night on表具体的某一天或者某一天的早，中，晚。on Monday(复习星期 Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,Friday,Saturday,Sunday) on June 6 复习月份 January,Febuary,March,April,May,July,Augest,September,November,December) On a fine morning on New Year’s day in表示较长时间，非特指的某一天或者早，中，晚(周，月，季节，年，世纪，朝代) in the morning in the week in this month/ in January in Spring/Summer/Autumn/Winter in 1989/in this year in this century 2. 表时间的前后。 Before在???之前 Wash your hands before your dinner. After在???之后 Hand in your paper after finishing it. 3. 表时间的期限 by表示时间:“到„„为止，不迟于”，常与过去完成时连用，当 by引导的是未来的时间状语时，可用一般将来时。如: How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term? Your son will be all right by supper time( until可用作介词或连词，意为“到……时候为止”、“到……时候才” 或“在……时候以前不”。什么情况下表达什么意思，关键要看(主)句中的 谓语动词是终止性动词还是延续性动词。 1. 如果(主)句中的谓语动词是终止性动词，应采用“... not ... until ...”结构， 意为“……到……时候才……”。例如: You mustn’t eat anything until you see the doctor. 看过医生之后，你才能吃东西。 Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. 车停稳了以后再下车。 2. 如果(主)句中的谓语动词是延续性动词，那么谓语动词用肯定式或 否定式，它们所表达的意思有所不同。 1) 如果谓语动词为肯定式，则until译为“到……时候为止”。例如: I watched TV until she came back. 我看电视一直看到她回来。 2) 如果谓语动词为否定式，则until应译为“到……时候才”，即“在…… 以前不”。例如: I did not watch TV until she came back. (= I began to watch TV when/after she came back.) 直到她回来我才开始看电视。 3. 用终止性动词作谓语时， until既可以和not连用，又可以和never， nobody， nothing， few， little， seldom， hardly等含否定意义的词连用。 例如: I had not seen him until 1990. (= I had never seen him until 1990.) 1990年以前我从未见过他。 Don’t put off until tomorrow what you can do today. (= Never put off what you can do today till tomorrow.) 今日事，今日毕。 4. 连词until引导的从句中谓语动词的时态。 1) 主句的谓语动词为一般现在时或一般将来时时， until从句中的谓语动词为现在完成时，用来强调从句谓语动词表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前。试比较: I won’t go to bed until I have finished my homework. 我要完成作业才睡觉。 2) 主句中的谓语动词为一般过去时时，从句中的谓语动词为过去完成时，用来强调从句谓语动词的动作发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前。试比较: Li Lei didn’t come until the film had begun. 直到电影开演，李雷才来。 〔特别提醒〕 till和until的意思基本相同，用法也基本一样，但until语气较重，多用于较正式的文体里。 till多用于英式英语， until多用于美式英语; till不能用在句首，也不能用在not开头的短语或从句里，而until可以。例如: Until he came home， we knew the news. 在他到家之前，我们不知道这消息。 Not until nine o’clock yesterday evening did we finish the work. 直到昨晚九点，我们才完成这项工作。 4.表期间 for we will stay in this city for a week. during I have to read this book during this week. through I read the article once through. 5. 表时间起点 from(仅强调什么时候开始) The meeting will be held from eight to ten. Since(动作或情况持续至说话时刻，与完成时连用) I have lived here since 1928 He studied the piano from the age of three. 6表时间的经过 In 过???之后(将来时) He will be back in five hours. Within不超过???的范围 I must finish painting the house within 1 day. 练习题1. I get up , six o’clock every day. 3. I heard a shot ,the morning of march 18 4. I’ve been a soldier ,five years. 5. You can come anytime ,Monday, Friday 6. He has been from home ,1973 7. The meeting will end, 3:00 p.m 8. We had learned over 1000 words , the end of last term. 9. I’ll arrive ,an hour. 10. He didn’t come back , twelve o’clock last night. 第二类表地点位置的词。 On在???上面，接触 There is an apple on the table. Over在???正上方 There is a bridge over the river.反义词under Above在???上方 This bird is flying above my head.反义词below Near在???附近 My home is near the school. By/beside靠近在???旁边 He sat by the window. Around/round在???周围 There are many trees around the village. In front of 在前面，强调外部 There are some flowers in front of the house. In the front of 在???前面，强调内部 There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom. Behind 在后面 He is standing behind me. At +小地方 I’ll arrive at No.1 street. In+大地方 I’ll arrive in Beijing. 练习题1.He arrived , Guangzhou , noon 2.The cat is , the table. 3.房间前有一张红色的椅子。 第三类表方式的介词 1. with 和???在一起 Will you please go with me? 带有 She is a pretty girl with bright eyes. 用某种工具或方法 She writes letters with a pen. 2.by 通过???方法，手段 We go to school by bus. 3.in 表示使用某种材料 Don’t write in pencil but in ink. 语言 Write this letter in English. 第四类表示方向的介词 1. up 向上 I used to climb up the tree/hill/ladder/mountain??? down 向下 Can you climb down the tree? 2. into 进入 I drive into this city. out 出去 She runs out the door. out of She runs out of the house. 3. past 经过 I go past the post office every day. 4. across 穿过(指从物体外部穿过) I walked across the bridge. through 从内部穿过 I walked through the forest. 5. along/down 沿着 He runs along the river every evening. 6. to 到达???地点 We go to school by bike. for 向???(表示目的地) I will leave for Shanghai tomorrow. from 从???地点起 It is about ten kilometers from my home to the school. 第五类其他的介词 1. without 没有??? Man can not live without air and water. 2. like 像 There is no place like home. 3. as 担任 She works as a teacher. 4.about 有关 Tell me about him. 了解介词短语 look up think of hear from call on sb talk to/with sb be good at be sorry for be fond of be famous for be absent from be different from at once at least on time on business on fire for a while in time by the way