实验式制氧气二氧化碳,化学反应

实验式制氧气二氧化碳,化学反应 1、(2013•莱芜)掌握常用仪器的特征和用途，有利于开展化学学习和研究(请从下列常见仪器示意图中，选择适当的字母序号填空( (1)能用酒精灯直接加热的仪器 _________ ; (2)过滤时所用到的玻璃仪器 _________ ; (3)用排水法收集一瓶氧气需要用到的仪器 _________ ; (4)溶解、过滤、蒸发操作中都用到的仪器 _________ ( 2、(11分)如图是实验室制取氧气的装置图，根据装置图回答下列问题: (1)写出装置图中标有???序号的仪器名称: ? _________ ? _________ ? _________ (2)实验室用高锰酸钾制取氧气时，可选用的气体发生装置是 _________ ;可选用的收集装置是 _________ 或 _________ (写出装置代号)(图A中用一团棉花放在靠近试管口的地方，目的是 _________ 图A中试管口要略向下倾斜的目的是: _________ (3)如果用A装置制取氧气，用C收集，实验结束时应先 _________ 再 _________ ( (4)如果用D收集氧气，检验氧气是否收集满的方法是: _________ ( 3、(11分)今天是学校实验室的开放日，九年级1班某小组的同学来到实验室准备练习制取和收集氧气，实验员为他们提供了下列装置、仪器和药品(装置和仪器: 药品:高锰酸钾过氧化氢溶液二氧化锰氯酸钾 (1)写出标有序号的仪器名称:? _________ ? _________ ? _________ (2)张勇同学选择了A和D制取和收集氧气，他可以选择的药品是 _________ ，反应的文字表示式为 _________ ，如果要检验氧气是否收集满，可以用 _________ 检验( (3)李芳同学想把二氧化锰和过氧化氢溶液同时装在装置B的试管中，并用C进行收集，针对她的做法，请你提出一个合理的建议是 _________ ，该建议的合理之处是 _________ ( 4、(4分)过氧化氢溶液在二氧化锰作催化剂的条件下能迅速分解，分液漏斗可以通过调节活塞控制液体的滴加速度，请根据如图回答以下问题: (1)分液漏斗中应放入的物质是 _________ ，锥形瓶中应放入的物质是 _________ 、 、 (2)写出用该方法制取氧气的化学反应文字表达式 _________要收集一瓶纯净的氧气，应选择装置 _________ (填字母) (3)某同学观察到锥形瓶内有大量气泡时，开始用B装置收集氧气，过一段时间后用带火星的木条伸入瓶口、瓶中和瓶底，都末见木条复燃(其原因可能是 _________ ( 5、有以下五种装置: 澄清石灰水 E D C B A (1)实验室制CO的原料是 、和 。并用 和 2 组合制取二氧化碳的装置，若需在实验过程中添加酸，需在装置中添加 (填 仪器名称)，反应方程式为 某同学发现，以上实验中集气瓶内的CO无法收满，原因可能是:? ? 。 2 (2)若将木炭与氧化铜反应，并验证生成物，则应选择的装置为 和 组合， 相应现象是:? ? ，此装置若温度不够，应如何改进 发生的氧化还原反应方程式是 ，还原剂是 。 6、电解水的实验，如右图装置，会带下列问题: (1)观察到的现象是:通电后，A、B两端均有 产生， A端产生 ，B端产生 ，V:V= 。 AB (2)水发生了 变化，并用分子、原子的观点解释该变化: 。其文字表达式为 ，该反应属于 反应。 ItAAAASA Close to the desired solution was prepared, and then use the reference material (or another material standard) to determine its exact concentration. This determines its exact concentration is called calibration. For example, for the preparation of 0.1mol • L-1HCl standard solution, first with a certain amount of concentrated HCl diluted with water, mixed concentration is about 0.1mol • L-1 in dilute solution, and then use the anhydrous Na2CO3 benchmark solution titration accurately weigh the material until both quantitative response fully, and then consumed in the titration of aqueous solution of HCl volume and quality of anhydrous Na2CO3, calculate the exact concentration of the HCl solution. Most accurate concentrations of the standard solution are determined by calibration of the method. Constant component in the determination of standard solution concentration range of 0.01 mol • L-1-1 mol • L-1, typically according to the components to be tested to select the height of the size of standard solution concentration. In order to improve the accuracy of calibration, calibration should pay attention to the following points: ? determination of calibration should be parallel 3-4, repeated at least three times, and called for determination of the relative deviation is less than 0.2%. ? in order to reduce measurement error, weighing the baseline amount of substance should not be too few, weighing at least 0.2G above; same titration at the end consumption of standard solutions or too small in size, the best is 20mL. C preparation of calibration solutions and use liquor, such as glassware, such as volumetric flasks and pipettes, where necessary, corrected volume, and considering the effect of temperature. D calibration good of standardOperated by stock solution was prepared solution, in principle only be diluted once, if necessary, dilute the secondary. Dilution of too many accumulated error is too large, affect the accuracy of the results. 2. calibration cannot be directly made accurate concentrations of the standard solution, first solution was prepared, and then select the base material calibration. Do the titration with acid and alkali solution, it is usually prepared with about 0.1mol • The concentration of L-1. Of solid acid and alkali solution prepared from original, generally only accurate to 1~2 significant figures, it can be graduated cylinders measuring liquids or solid reagents weigh in the scales, add the solvent (water), graduated cylinder or measuring cup amounts. But in the whole process of calibration solution, everything is very strict and accurate. Weighing standard substances requires the use of analytical balance, accurate to four digits after the decimal point. Volume calibration solution, if it were to participate in the concentration are calculated using volumetric flasks, pipettes, burets accurate operation, not sloppy. (B) the general solution preparation and preservation methods of 1:1 (or 1+1), 1:2 (1+2) volume is expressed as concentration. For example, 1:1 solution of H2SO4, the original concentrated H2SO4 volume 1 volume, mix with 1 volume of water. And as 1:3 HCl, the original volume 1 volume hydrochloric acid and three volumes of water and mix. Preparation of solution, according to the requirements on the accuracy of solution concentration should be determined on the balance at the level of the weighing; record should be written to several significant figures; the prepared solution choose what kind of vessel. That accurate, it should be very strict tolerances can be less stringent. The "quantity" concept (3)已知化学反应前后元素种类不变，那么由该试验可得出的结论是: 。 7、实验是学习化学的一个重要途径。现用或氧化氢和二氧化锰制取并收集氧气， 请从下列仪器中选用适当的装置填空: a b F (1)实验室要用氯酸钾制取并收集氧气，应选择的装置是 (填写字母代码);组装好 实验装置后，反应前应先进行 。若用C的方法收集氧气，试验结束后，应 先 ，后 。 (2)F为 操作装置，仪器a的名称是 ，作用是 ;仪器b 的名称是 ，在b中放有被水润湿的 。 (3)在F的操作中有2个错误的地方，请你分别指出: ? ? (4)在F的实验操作结束后，该同学发现水中还是有些浑浊，请你分析一下本实验失败的 原因(至少说2点): (5)经过F的操作，起到了一定的净水作用。但随着越演越烈的水污染问题，请你提出2 点保护水资源的合理建议: ? ? 物质反应 化学方程式 伴随现象 化合反应 镁在空气中燃烧 铁在氧气中燃烧 氢气中空气中燃 烧 红(白)磷燃烧 碳在氧气中充分 燃烧 碳不充分燃烧 CO通过灼热碳2 层 氧化钙溶于水 二氧化碳溶于水 分解反应 水在通电分解 加热高锰酸钾 双氧水制氧气 锻烧石灰石 碳酸不稳定而分 解 小苏打受热分解 置换反应 基本形式:,，,,,,,，, 单质和化合物 反应 生成 另一种单 质和另一种化合物 酸与金属反应 盐与金属反应 铁溶于稀硫酸 焦炭还原氧化铁 木炭还原氧化铜 其他反应 ItAAAASA Close to the desired solution was prepared, and then use the reference material (or another material standard) to determine its exact concentration. This determines its exact concentration is called calibration. For example, for the preparation of 0.1mol • L-1HCl standard solution, first with a certain amount of concentrated HCl diluted with water, mixed concentration is about 0.1mol • L-1 in dilute solution, and then use the anhydrous Na2CO3 benchmark solution titration accurately weigh the material until both quantitative response fully, and then consumed in the titration of aqueous solution of HCl volume and quality of anhydrous Na2CO3, calculate the exact concentration of the HCl solution. Most accurate concentrations of the standard solution are determined by calibration of the method. Constant component in the determination of standard solution concentration range of 0.01 mol • L-1-1 mol • L-1, typically according to the components to be tested to select the height of the size of standard solution concentration. In order to improve the accuracy of calibration, calibration should pay attention to the following points: ? determination of calibration should be parallel 3-4, repeated at least three times, and called for determination of the relative deviation is less than 0.2%. ? in order to reduce measurement error, weighing the baseline amount of substance should not be too few, weighing at least 0.2G above; same titration at the end consumption of standard solutions or too small in size, the best is 20mL. C preparation of calibration solutions and use liquor, such as glassware, such as volumetric flasks and pipettes, where necessary, corrected volume, and considering the effect of temperature. D calibration good of standardOperated by stock solution was prepared solution, in principle only be diluted once, if necessary, dilute the secondary. Dilution of too many accumulated error is too large, affect the accuracy of the results. 2. calibration cannot be directly made accurate concentrations of the standard solution, first solution was prepared, and then select the base material calibration. Do the titration with acid and alkali solution, it is usually prepared with about 0.1mol • The concentration of L-1. Of solid acid and alkali solution prepared from original, generally only accurate to 1~2 significant figures, it can be graduated cylinders measuring liquids or solid reagents weigh in the scales, add the solvent (water), graduated cylinder or measuring cup amounts. But in the whole process of calibration solution, everything is very strict and accurate. Weighing standard substances requires the use of analytical balance, accurate to four digits after the decimal point. Volume calibration solution, if it were to participate in the concentration are calculated using volumetric flasks, pipettes, burets accurate operation, not sloppy. (B) the general solution preparation and preservation methods of 1:1 (or 1+1), 1:2 (1+2) volume is expressed as concentration. For example, 1:1 solution of H2SO4, the original concentrated H2SO4 volume 1 volume, mix with 1 volume of water. And as 1:3 HCl, the original volume 1 volume hydrochloric acid and three volumes of water and mix. Preparation of solution, according to the requirements on the accuracy of solution concentration should be determined on the balance at the level of the weighing; record should be written to several significant figures; the prepared solution choose what kind of vessel. That accurate, it should be very strict tolerances can be less stringent. The "quantity" concept 苛性钠暴露在空气中变质 或 CO通入氢氧2 化钠溶液 CO通入澄清石灰2 水 冶炼金属铁 甲烷燃烧 酒精燃烧 复分解反应 复分解反应条件:任意一个条件:有水、气体、沉淀 生成 有白色沉淀生成 工业制烧碱、实验室制少量烧Ca(OH)+NaCO==CaCO?+2NaOH 2233碱 Ca(OH)+2HCl==CaCl+2HO 222无明显现象 NaOH+HCl==NaCl+HO 无明显现象 2 2NaOH+HSO==NaSO+2HO 无明显现象 24242 FeO+6HCl==2FeCl+3HO 铁锈溶解、溶液呈黄色 铁器除锈 2332 Fe + 2HCl=== FeCl + H? 固体溶解、溶液显浅绿色 22 银白色金属表面覆盖一层红色物质 湿法炼铜、Fe+CuSO==Cu+FeSO 44镀铜、溶液由蓝色变为浅绿色 固体逐渐溶解、有使澄清石灰水变浑浊的气体 NaCO+HSO==NaSO+HO+CO? 23242422泡沫灭火器原理 ? 2NaHCO NaCO+HO+CO? 产生使澄清石灰水变浑浊的气体 小苏打蒸馒头 32322 固体逐渐溶解、有使澄清石灰水变浑浊的气体 CaCO+2HCl==CaCl+HO+CO? 3222实验室制备二氧化碳、除水垢 3HCl + Al(OH) ==== AlCl + 3HO 332氢氧化铝药物治疗胃酸过多 NaHCO + HCl=== NaCl + HO + CO? 322小苏打治疗胃酸过多 NaCO + 2HCl === 2NaCl + HO + CO2322气体放出 ? CaCO + 2HCl === CaCl + HO + CO3222气体放出 ? NaHCO + HCl=== NaCl + HO + CO? 322气体放出 消石灰放在空气中变质，生成白色不溶于水的固Ca(OH) + CO ==== CaCO ?+ HO 2232体 苛性钠暴露在空气中变质，遇水潮解，遇二氧化2NaOH + CO ==== NaCO + HO 2232碳变质 HCl+AgNO==AgCl?+HNO 白色沉淀生成、不溶于稀硝酸 33 Ba(OH)+HSO==BaSO?+2HO 白色沉淀生成、不溶于稀硝酸 22442 CuO+HSO==CuSO+HO 黑色氧化铜溶于稀硫酸 2442 CaCl+NaCO==CaCO?+2NaCl 2233 NaSO+BaCl==BaSO?+2NaCl 2424 化学式 俗名 化学式 俗名 化学式 俗名 金刚石、生石灰、氧苛性钠、火碱、C CaO NaOH 石墨 化钙 烧碱 干冰(固熟石灰、消CO 体二氧化 Ca(OH) NaHCO 小苏打 223石灰 碳) 酒精、乙氨水、一水合CHOH NH 氨气(碱性) NH?HO 25332醇: 氨 大理石、石灰Hg 水银、汞 NaCO 纯碱、苏打 CaCO 233石 铜绿、孔工业用盐、Cu(OH)CO NaNO CuSO?5HO 胆矾、蓝矾 223242雀石 有毒 ItAAAASA Close to the desired solution was prepared, and then use the reference material (or another material standard) to determine its exact concentration. This determines its exact concentration is called calibration. For example, for the preparation of 0.1mol • L-1HCl standard solution, first with a certain amount of concentrated HCl diluted with water, mixed concentration is about 0.1mol • L-1 in dilute solution, and then use the anhydrous Na2CO3 benchmark solution titration accurately weigh the material until both quantitative response fully, and then consumed in the titration of aqueous solution of HCl volume and quality of anhydrous Na2CO3, calculate the exact concentration of the HCl solution. Most accurate concentrations of the standard solution are determined by calibration of the method. Constant component in the determination of standard solution concentration range of 0.01 mol • L-1-1 mol • L-1, typically according to the components to be tested to select the height of the size of standard solution concentration. In order to improve the accuracy of calibration, calibration should pay attention to the following points: ? determination of calibration should be parallel 3-4, repeated at least three times, and called for determination of the relative deviation is less than 0.2%. ? in order to reduce measurement error, weighing the baseline amount of substance should not be too few, weighing at least 0.2G above; same titration at the end consumption of standard solutions or too small in size, the best is 20mL. C preparation of calibration solutions and use liquor, such as glassware, such as volumetric flasks and pipettes, where necessary, corrected volume, and considering the effect of temperature. D calibration good of standardOperated by stock solution was prepared solution, in principle only be diluted once, if necessary, dilute the secondary. Dilution of too many accumulated error is too large, affect the accuracy of the results. 2. calibration cannot be directly made accurate concentrations of the standard solution, first solution was prepared, and then select the base material calibration. Do the titration with acid and alkali solution, it is usually prepared with about 0.1mol • The concentration of L-1. Of solid acid and alkali solution prepared from original, generally only accurate to 1~2 significant figures, it can be graduated cylinders measuring liquids or solid reagents weigh in the scales, add the solvent (water), graduated cylinder or measuring cup amounts. But in the whole process of calibration solution, everything is very strict and accurate. Weighing standard substances requires the use of analytical balance, accurate to four digits after the decimal point. Volume calibration solution, if it were to participate in the concentration are calculated using volumetric flasks, pipettes, burets accurate operation, not sloppy. (B) the general solution preparation and preservation methods of 1:1 (or 1+1), 1:2 (1+2) volume is expressed as concentration. For example, 1:1 solution of H2SO4, the original concentrated H2SO4 volume 1 volume, mix with 1 volume of water. And as 1:3 HCl, the original volume 1 volume hydrochloric acid and three volumes of water and mix. Preparation of solution, according to the requirements on the accuracy of solution concentration should be determined on the balance at the level of the weighing; record should be written to several significant figures; the prepared solution choose what kind of vessel. That accurate, it should be very strict tolerances can be less stringent. The "quantity" concept