设施草莓变形果的发生与防治（Occurrence and control of deformed fruit in Greenhouse Strawberry）

设施草莓变形果的发生与防治（Occurrence and control of deformed fruit in Greenhouse Strawberry） 设施草莓变形果的发生与防治(Occurrence and control of deformed fruit in Greenhouse Strawberry) Facilities strawberry deformation fruit and prevention and control.Txt if betrayal is a kind of courage, then acceptance of betrayal requires more courage. Love is a block, marriage is a mountain. Bricks are not many, there is a piece of spirit; the mountain is not high, Shou Shou on the line. Occurrence and control of deformed fruits in protected strawberry 1, strawberry malformation fruit symptoms, reasons and prevention methods Symptoms of fruit fat or too thin, and some into a chicken crown, flat or concave and convex, irregular shape. The reason is varietal difference. Among the main strawberry cultivars, most varieties were normal full flowers. Some cultivars are short stamens and long pistils, and they have little pollen and no germination. Two is the flower order. Low prone male sterile flowers, flowers to the female is not high but the former Ren, as long as there are good pollen but normal fruit development, while the latter is not bad fruit or fruit. The first order flower generally accounted for more than 90% of normal fruit, accounting for about 5% of malformed fruit, but few fruit set. Two orders of flowers generally normal fruit accounted for 80 to 90%, abnormal fruit accounted for 5 to 15%, not fruit set accounted for about 5%, three orders of flowers in general, only 60 to 70% of normal fruit, abnormal fruit and no fruit set each accounted for 15 to 20%. Three are visiting insects. Strawberry pollinators are bees and flowers, flowers and other tabanid flies. Bees are the most important pollinators of strawberries. Survey results show that flowers usually appear in the flowering season in February. In March, bees appear naturally. The percentage of malformed fruit in strawberry and flower flies in greenhouse was increased by about 33%, higher than two times higher than that in bee and flower flies. The four is temperature and humidity. Low temperature, high temperature, or high humidity all contribute to the occurrence of malformed fruit. Strawberry blossom, the temperature below 0 DEG C can cause the receptacle black, at 40 degrees above the pollen dysplasia. High humidity affected anther dehiscence and caused water droplets to flush the stigma. Such as Linyi City, some strawberry in greenhouse, the flowering and fruit development stage in the night closed, hot and humid conditions formed in early March shed, the highest temperature is over 35 DEG C. The relative humidity of 100%, in the emergence of a large number of water droplets, resulting in abnormal fruit rate as high as 90%. Five is flowering spraying. Flowering sprays cause malformed fruit, especially on open flowers that day. Some Greenhouse Strawberry, due to misuse of pesticides in the flowering season, not only directly hindered pollination and fertilization, but also killed bees and flower flies, resulting in its abnormal fruit string about 3 times as much as the normal medication shed. Control method: configuring suitable pollination varieties. Because of the difference between male and female fertility of strawberry, so we should choose the amount of pollen many varieties for pollination varieties. Treasure, early born, spring sweet and other varieties of pollen rich. Yantai strawberry cultivars for hokowase, pollination varieties harukaoli, Fengxiang, pollination varieties accounted for 5 ~ 10%, can effectively reduce the rate of malformed fruit. The bee shed. Strawberries cultivated in protected areas have early flowering and fewer early flowering insects, so it is better to place beehives in protected areas. This method has been widely adopted in Japan and has achieved good results. Bees fly at a distance of 400 meters. The visiting time ranged from 8~9 a.m. to 3~4 p.m., and the range of activity temperature was generally 15~30 degrees centigrade. Other insect visiting insects should also be protected and utilized. Control temperature and humidity. Florescence should strictly control the temperature and humidity in the protected area, and the temperature should be controlled at 20~28 degrees centigrade. To timely to reducing temperature and humidity. The use of non drip film can prevent the impact of water droplets. Drip irrigation can effectively reduce air humidity in the protected area. Flowering as long as the surface does not dry, generally do not need irrigation. The thinning. Prone to high female flower thinning instability, can significantly reduce the strawberry fruit deformity rate, and is conducive to the concentration of nutrients, improve fruit weight and fruit quality. Reduce the number of medication. The prevention and control of strawberry diseases and insect pests in protected areas should adopt comprehensive measures based on agricultural control, and try not to use medicine or less medicine. If the pest is serious, should pay attention to medication before or after anthesis. Take the artificial pollination. At 11~12 noon, the peak of anther dehiscence occurred, and artificial pollination (such as fan, etc.) was used for artificial pollination, and good results were also obtained. 2, strawberry deficiency boron symptoms, causes and prevention and treatment methods Early symptoms of strawberry boron deficiency symptoms in young leaves appear shrinkage and leaf scorch, smaller leaves, the growing point of hurt, dark color, stubby root. With boron deficiency intensifies, the old leaf interveinal chlorosis leaves some, some of the volume up, the boron deficient plant flowers, pollination and seed setting rate, fruit small, malformed fruit showed nodular or. More seeds. Some fruits show white pulp between the top of the fruit and the sepals, and the quality of the fruit is bad, which seriously affects the yield. The cause was caused by boron deficiency in plants. Soil acidification, boron leaching, or excessive use of lime can cause boron deficiency. Soil drought, less organic manure, also lead to boron deficiency. Excessive application of potassium fertilizer can inhibit the absorption of boron. Plants grew faster under high temperature. Because boron is poor in plant mobility, it can not be promptly and adequately allocated to areas where it is needed, They also cause partial boron deficiency in the plant. The control methods of boron. Boron deficiency in the soil, should be increased properly in the basal application of boron fertilizer. When boron deficiency symptoms appear, 0.1 ~ 0.2% borax solution should be sprayed in time. 7 ~ 10 days 1 times, even 2 to 3 times. The strawberry is sensitive to excess boron, so spraying concentration should be appropriately reduced, can also be broadcast or per mu with water topdressing borax 0.5 ~ 0.8 kg. The organic fertilizer. Organic fertilizer nutrient elements are more complete, especially to the application of manure decomposition, boron containing more manure, and the fertile soil, enhance soil water holding capacity, alleviate drought damage, promote root expansion, increase the absorption of boron in plants. Improved soil. Soil acidification or alkalization should be prevented and protected. Once soil acidification or alkalization, should be improved, the soil pH adjustment to neutral or slightly acidic. The method of mixing clayey soil improvement in sandy soil. Reasonable irrigation. Ensure the water supply of the plant, timely watering, improve soil soluble boron content, so as to absorb the plant, prevent soil drought or over wet, and affect the absorption of boron by root system. 3, the symptoms, causes and prevention of weed disorderly fruit The first symptom of flower umbrella set by synthetic broomlike, comb shaped fruit or fruit produce two or more fruits together to form fruit or fruit on top of bull headed. The reason may be that the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is too large, and nitrogen has an antagonistic effect on boron, which results in boron deficiency, and the content of auxin in the growth point is significantly increased. In the flower bud differentiation. The growth point of zonal expansion, there are two red flowers above the bud differentiation at the same time, to extend the 2 ~ 3 branch pedicel flower at the same time, in order to comb shaped fruit, fruit or fruit double long form. In addition, root damage or soil discomfort affects Boron Absorption, which can also lead to this result. Control method: strawberry field should not use too much nitrogen fertilizer. After applying fertilizer, water should be watered in time to maintain soil moisture, so as to absorb boron. To prevent root injury, keep the soil loose. Shandong Linyi Normal University, Wu Qinlin 276004