考研英语背诵句子.doc

考研英语背诵句子.doc 1.This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. 【词汇突破】:cognitive 认知的 (后天习得的) Intuitive 先天的 和以上这组单词概念相同的表达还有: Nature先天;nurture后天; born ;先天的;made 后天的;innate天生的;Acquired后天习得; Determine 决定 Coupled with 相当于and,想类似的表达还有along with ; combined with等 译文赏析:这种成功和后来表明记忆本身并不是先天决定的研究使爱立信总结道，记忆的行为与 其说是一种先天的行为不如说是一种习得的行为。 2.It is not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers. 词汇突破:visualize 想象 Figure out 发现和找出 Suits 使…适合 译文赏析:构思物体和找出数字模型的能力是如何让一个人去回答那些连最好的诗人和哲学家都 回避的问题的，这点我们还不是很清楚 3(Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip. 【词汇突破】Toil through (辛苦的经历) 名词:Winston Churchill: "Blood, Toil, Tears and Sweat”(丘吉尔演讲) sweat and toil (汗水和辛苦) He succeeded after years of toil. (他经历数年的辛劳之后成功了) SAT 美国高考 全称为scholastic assessment test 学术性评估测试 testify 证实 matter 这里是动词，重要;sth matters 事情很重要; 【译文赏析】任何一个曾经辛苦的经历过SAT考试的人都会证实考试的技巧也很重要，无论这种 技巧是知道什么时候去猜还是知道什么问题应该跳过。 【造句】Anyone who has achieved the success to any extent will testify that cooperation matters, whether it’s individual’s willingness to cooperate or team work spirit of a group. 4. During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities. 【词汇突破】count on 依靠; fair play 公平竞争 【译文赏析】在过去的20多年时间里，那些曾经依靠辛勤工作和公平竞争就可以保证自己财政收 支安全的美国中产阶级家庭已经被经济风险和新的现实所改变。(定语从句前置的翻译方法来处 理这个句子) 5.Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as "steering the economy to a soft landing" or "a touch on the brakes" , makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth. 【词汇突破】steer 指挥，控制 precise 精确的 【译文赏析】有很多用于描述货币政策的词汇，例如"操纵经济软着陆"或者"轻踩刹车"，使货币 政策听起来像是一门精确的科学。没有什么比这更远离实际情况的了。(但这些说法是最不靠谱的， 事情远非如此用来表示强烈的反对 这与i cann't agree with you more有异曲同工之妙) 6.On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted--suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying. 【词汇突破】agony 痛苦 despair 绝望 prolong 延长 第 1 页 共 12 页 【译文赏析】在另一个层面上，很多医疗界的人士承认，关于医生帮助下的自杀的讨论，部分是 因为病人的绝望情绪，对病人来说，现代医学已经延长了死亡的生理的痛苦。 7.The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United kingdom. 【词汇突破】illustrate 例证; in terms of 根据，以…为依据; 【译文赏析】很自然，这种趋势会在尤以数学或实验室训练为基础的自然学科领域中表现的最为 明显，并且可以用英国地质学的发展作为例证来说明。 8.The report identifies the under treatment of pain and the aggressive use of "ineffectual and forced medical procedures” that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying as the twin problems of end--of--life care. 【词汇突破】 under treatment 治疗不足 aggressive 1.侵略的,侵犯的 2.好斗的,挑衅的 3.有进取精神的;有干劲的 4.大胆的 dishonor 使丢脸,使受耻辱 medical procedures 医疗手段 【译文赏析】报告把对疼痛处理不够和大胆使用可能延长死亡期甚至让病人死的不体面的无效的 和强制的医疗手段确定为临终关怀的两个问题。 9. The notion that learning should have in it an element of inspired play would seem to the greater part of the academic establishment merely silly, but that is nonetheless the case. 【词汇突破】inspired 有激发性的 establishment 机构，建立 nonetheless 但是 【译文赏析】大多数的学术机构认为在学习中加入有启发性玩耍的理念是非常愚蠢的，但是这样 的事情确实常常发生的。 10. An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students" career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical education reform. 【词汇突破】argue for 支持 argue against 反对 on the behalf of = on behalf of 代表 career prospects 就业前景 radical 彻底的，根本的，激进的 【译文赏析】一条无形的界限将支持计算机进课堂的人分为两类:一类人是从学生的职业前景从 发思考的，另一类人想的是像教育的彻底改革这样的一些更广泛的理由。 11. There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a “disjunction” between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics. 【词汇突破】the treasury secretary 财政部长(美) anecdote 轶闻，趣闻 statistics 数据(还有一个我们不熟悉的意思:表格) picture 情况，事态，局面，状况，情形，形势 【译文赏析】正如财长鲁宾所说，在表明生产力飞跃发展的商业佚事和数据所反映的情况之间存 在着脱节。 12.Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. 【词汇突破】estimate 估量，评估 not…but 不是„„而是„„ 【译文赏析】他们的研究方法并不是想估计出某些特定地区鱼类的实际生物量(活的生物总量)， 而是估计出这些生物量随着时间发生的变化。 13. One leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. 【词汇突破】authority 权威 intensely powerful mental event在原文中就等于dreams 第 2 页 共 12 页 harness 使„„停止的意思;和stop 可以互换但是更加正式的表达;还有一个单词 是curb，这个单词表示控制的意思相当于control，原意是缰绳的意思，这个单词为 考研高频词。 conscious 有意识的 【译文赏析】而一名顶级权威认为，这些极其强烈的大脑活动不仅可以被抑制，实际 上还可以受到意识的控制，进而帮助我们睡眠，使我们感觉好一些。 14.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for them- selves—goals that pose a real challenge. 【词汇突破】utility 运用 supervision 监管 【译文赏析】但是如果机器人能在下一个阶段达到节省人工的运用，它们将必须在更少的人力监 督之下工作，而且还要至少能够自己做出几个决定--这些目标才会带来真的挑战。 15. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. 【词汇突破】glimpse 快速的看一眼; disregard 抛弃，丢弃 irrelevant 不相干 instantaneously 立即 winding 蜿蜒曲折的 suspicious 可疑的 【译文赏析】但是人类的大脑可以只迅速地瞟一眼一个快速改变的场面，然后立刻放弃98,的不 相关信息，而马上聚焦于一条崎岖森林道路边的一只猴子，或者在茫茫人海中的一张可疑的脸。 16.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper.， 【词汇突破】reveal 揭露 constitutes 包含 primacy 重要性，首要地位 【译文赏析】将过去一个半世纪英国地质学领域的出版物做一下比较，(我们)就会发现不仅对科 研的主导地位的强调不断攀升，而且一篇可接受的科研论文所包含的 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 的定义也有所变化。 17. I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers demands. 【词汇突破】M&A 为mergers and acquisitions 的缩写表示合并和兼并的意思为经济术语。 underlie 构成…的基础;导致…发生。 例如:The social problems underlying these crises remain unsolved.(引起这些危机的社会问题尚未 解决。) trade and investment barriers 贸易和投资壁垒 globalization process 全球化进程(可以作为写作 词汇使用) 【译文赏析】我认为巨大的并购浪潮背后的最重要的推动力和促进全球化进程的力量是一样的: 即降低交通运输成本，逐渐减少贸易投资壁垒，以及为能满足消费者需求而大幅度拓展得市场。 18. It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope. 【词汇突破】auditors 审计人员 ract 分散注意力 【译文赏析】审查者完全有理由相信，知道自己准备做什么、怎么做的科学家不应该因为必须一 只眼盯着收银机，另一只眼盯着显微镜而分散了注意力。 第 3 页 共 12 页 19. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. 【词汇突破】hypocritical 虚伪的; spectacles 景象 ample 充足的 radical 激进的，根本的 journalist记者，新闻工作者 advocate 支持 participatory democracy 参与制民主enrolled in注册 入学，入伍 【译文赏析】相反，我们看到了这些非常虚伪的景象，他们似乎比以前的任何时候都更多见:批 判美国式物质主义的人却拥有位于南安普顿的避暑山庄:激进书籍的出版商却在三星级餐厅享用 一日三餐;倡导在人生各个阶段实施参与式民主的记者，他的子女却就读于私立学校。 20.But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river—and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers, "Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms." 【词汇突破】explanatory 解释性的 upsetting 不安 consists of 包含 【译文赏析】但当我们先是从解释性注释中得知某诗行讲述了一个土耳其军官和一个保加利亚军 官在桥上格斗并双双掉进河里，而后又发现该行诗中只充斥着"扑通，扑通，185公斤重"这类对 他们落水时的声音以及对军官们体重的描写时，我们不免感到困惑不安。 21. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon.com, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers. 【词汇突破】interactivity 互动性 hospitality 友好性 security 安全性 【译文赏析】像Virtual Vineyards，Amazon(com这样的先驱网站表明，一个将交互性、服务性 和安全性合理结合，且销售正确产品的网站是可以吸引来网上客户的。 【译文赏析】像Virtual Vineyards，Amazon(com这样的先驱网站表明，一个将交互性、服务性 和安全性合理结合，且销售正确产品的网站是可以吸引来网上客户的。 译文赏析】他们尽其所能收集了一切数据，这些数据不仅包括表现数据和传记式资料，而且也包 括了那些取得了表现优异者在实验室实验中的实验结果。 补充一些心理学术语: biographical characteristics 传记特点 biographical data 传记式资料 biographical inventory 传记式量表 biographical method 传记法 biographical inventory tests 传记式问卷测验 biographical study 传记研究 biographicaltype case study 传记式个案研究 Biographical Inventory for R & T Talent 科研人才甄选传记式量表 23.During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month’s stockholders meeting, Levin asserted that "music is not the cause of society’s ills "and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students. 【词汇突破】verse 歌词，诗句 stockholder 股东 assert 声称，认为，宣称 social ill 社会问题 【译文赏析】在上个月的股东大会上关于摇滚歌词的讨论中，莱文宣称说:"音乐不是社会问题的 原因"，他甚至还以他的儿子为例。他的儿子是纽约州布朗克斯的一个教师，他儿子正在用说唱音 乐与学生们进行沟通。 第 4 页 共 12 页 24. Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of "double effect", a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect. 【词汇突破】constitutional 宪法的 physician-assisted suicide 医生帮助下的自杀 permissible 可以 被允许的 【译文赏析】尽管最高法院已经裁定出医生帮助下的自杀行为并不受宪法的支持，但最高法院实 际上支持了被称为"双重效果"的医疗原则;这个已有几个世纪历史的道德原则认为一个行为可能 会有两个效果——— 一个想要达到的好的效果和一个已经预见到的有害的效果。如果行为的实施 者想要的只是要好的效果的话，这个行为是被允许的 25. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the 19th century and then by several local geological journals in the 20th century. 【词汇突破】reinforced 加强 introduction 引入和制定 refereeing 推荐制度 journal 期刊 【译文赏析】这样一来总的结果便是业余爱好者想在专业地质学期刊上发表文章就更难了，而被 广泛使用的论文评审推荐制度又进一步强化了这一结果，该种制度先被19世纪的国家级刊物引 入，后又在20世纪，又被几家地方级地质学刊物所使用。 26.At the same time, the American Law Institute--a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight—issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones. 【词汇突破】institute 机构 substantial 实际的 bombard不断攻击;向...连续提出问题 lengthy 冗长 【译文赏析】与此同时，美国法律协会，由一群法官、律师和专家学者组成的组织，他们的建议 分量极重，发布了新的民事伤害法令指导方针，宣称公司不必提醒顾客注意显而易见的危险，也 不必连篇累牍地一再提请他们注意一些可能会出现的危险。 27. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners;and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. 【词汇突破】manipulation 操纵 detached 分离，如果表示态度则是表示中立，不关心的 【译文赏析】这样巨大而非个人的对资金和产业的操纵极大地增加了股东的数量和他们作为一个 阶级的重要性，他们是国家生活中代表不负责任的财富的一个因素，这种财富不但远离了土地和 土地拥有者的责任，而且几乎同样与公司的负责任的管理毫无关系。 28.Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. 【词汇突破】analytical 解析 verbal 文字的 components 成分 【译文赏析】斯顿伯格指出传统的测试能最好的评估出解析能力和语言能力而不能衡量一个人的 创造性和实际才能，而这些都是对于解决问题和成功人生而言极其重要的因素。 29. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions. 【词汇突破】critical 重要的 concerning 关于 【译文赏析】但是科学确实能提供对于未来的最好的指导，对于现在的行为之于未来的结果，科 学能提供最好的评判，我们的国家和世界应该把重要的政策机遇这种判断之上，这一点非常重要。 第 5 页 共 12 页 30. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. 【词汇突破】lest 以免，以防 (后面所接从句需要使用should+动词原型的虚拟语气) acquire 获得 deceptive 欺骗性的 【译文赏析】他们应该迅速回复给编辑的来信(读者来信)，以免动物权利的错误信息不受质疑 (大行其道)、并且披上貌似真理的骗人外衣。 31.It’s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database. 【词汇突破】interactive feature 互动特征 criteria 标准，条件 matching position 匹配职位 database 数据库 【译文赏析】正是这种交互式的特征使得访客可以键入自己的求职要求，比如地点、职务和薪水， 当数据库里张贴出相应的职位时这种互动性的特征又可以给访问者发送电子邮件通知他们。 32. If the journalism did notice the essence of this issue , it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class. 【词汇突破】diversity 多样性 differ 不同(不及物动词):例.Tastes differ.萝卜青菜各有所爱。 outlook 世界观 values 价值观 【译文赏析】如果新闻界真的注意到了问题的关键，它就应该进一步开放其多样化项目，这个项 目现在还只单纯考虑招收不同种族和性别的员工，新闻界应该进一步寻找那些世界观、价值观、 教育水平和社会阶层都大相径庭的各种记者。 33.Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want. 【词汇突破】head-scratching:令人头疼的 puzzlement困惑 【译文赏析】遗憾的说，这个项目最终被证明是一个很低级的研究，它着眼于错误的事实和拼写 以及语法的问题，还有很多关于读者究竟想要什么的困惑。 34.New ways of organizing the workplace--all that reengineering and downsizing--are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training. 【词汇突破】re-engineering and downsizing 重新 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 、缩小规模 contribution 原因和因素 【译文赏析】厂房布置的新方法--所有那些重新设计、缩小规模的做法--只是影响对一个经济体的 整体生产力的一个因素，整体的生产力还受许多其他因素的影响，比如结合设备和机械上的投资、 新技术，以及在教育和培训上的投资。 35. President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. 【词汇突破】 campaigned to do 致力于. (写作替换词:devote to，focus on, dedicate oneself to) social Security 社会保障 trade 交换 guaranteed 保障，确保 saving-account model 账户储蓄模式(如果不能准确的理解这个词的意思，提取主干时 去掉它也不会有影响，只要理解是一种模式就好。) swear to , guarant to , assure to 都是保障和确保的意思。 第 6 页 共 12 页 【译文赏析】布什总统致力于将社会保障转变为帐户储蓄模式，在这个模式里，退休人员将用他 们大量甚至是全部的有保障的收入换来依靠于投资回报的收入。 36. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making. 【词汇突破】deliciously 美味的，但在这个句子里若是这样翻译就太死板了。在无法准确的理解 副词意思的情况下，大可将其做very 来理解 【译文赏析】想想给他们带来生机的莎士比亚本人就是一个演员(而且留胡子)，他也是这些噪 音的一部分，你就会觉得这一切颇具讽刺意味。 37.To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst. 【词汇突破】 vaccines 疫苗 unaware 没有注意到 cruel残忍 【译文赏析】 有一些人他们不知道动物研究对于这些治疗方法和一些新的治疗方法以及疫苗而言 是必须的，对于他们来讲，动物研究说的最好听是浪费，说得最难听是残忍。 38.I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of "juggling your life", and making the alternative move into downshifting brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. 【词汇突破】 much-publicized:公开的 resignation:辞职 build-up: 集结的，巨大的(写 作词汇) doctrine:信条 downshifting:降档，这里根据语境应灵活翻 译为悠闲，闲适。 【译文赏析】我已经发现，放弃那种"为生活忙碌"的人生信条并转而追求比较悠闲的生活带给你 的回报远远大于经济成功和社会地位。或许凯尔西因不堪积劳重负而公开地辞去她在《女友》杂 志社的编辑一职之后也会发现。 39.Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World WarII had weakened the "Japanese morality of respect for parents". 【词汇突破】argue 认为 introduce 制定，引入 raised eyebrows: 表示惊讶，不可思议，舆论一片哗然(把别人的眉毛给抬起了) morality 道德 American occupation authorities:美国占领当局 译文赏析】去年，时任教育部长濑户光夫争辩说二战后由美国占领当局引入的自由主义革新削弱 了日本民族"尊敬父母的道德品质"的时候，舆论一片哗然。 40.When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. 【词汇突破】advisable: 明智的 advocate: 倡导者 farfetched:牵强的 【译文赏析】当艺术领域的一个新运动发展成某种流行时尚时，最好应该弄清这场运动倡导者的 真正意图，因为，不管他们的原则在今天看来多么牵强无理，很可能多年以后他们的理论会被视 为正常。 41. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right—it can hardly be classed as Literature. 【词汇突破】Futurist:未来主义 with regard to:关于(替换词:with respect to，in the light of,in terms of ) 第 7 页 共 12 页 【译文赏析】然而就未来主义诗歌来说，情况则不这么简单了，因为不管未来主义诗歌是什么— —就算承认它赖以存在的理论基础都是正确的——这种形式也很难被归入文学。 42. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements. 【词汇突破】apart from 除开;相当于besides; in addition to 的意思。 promote 促销 live up to:不辜负，在翻译时常处理为符合 Parliament:议会 【译文赏析】除去议会用来 规范 编程规范下载gsp规范下载钢格栅规范下载警徽规范下载建设厅规范下载 广告的第27条法案的限制之外，没有任何一个正式的广告商敢于 推销一种不符合其广告承诺的商品。 43.The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. 【词汇突破】 detect :检测，侦查 massive:巨大的，大规模的(写作中可用到的替换词) 【译文赏析】意思就是说人们没有发现海里发生的巨大变化，因为他们只看了过去相对较短的一 段时间。 44.One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it h as not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. 【词汇突破】inflation:膨胀，通货膨胀 general commodity-price inflation global excess demand:全球过旺需求(金融类的词汇) 【译文赏析】另外一个不因油价上涨而失眠的原因是，这次涨价不像70年代的那些次上涨，它并 不是在普遍的商品价格暴涨和全球需求过旺的背景之下发生的。 45.This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose su rnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet. 【词汇突破】discrimination:歧视 alphabet:字母表 【译文赏析】对于那些还不了解这种危害的人来说，它指的是对姓氏首字母位于字母表后半部分 的人的歧视。 46.From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. 【词汇突破】democratic:民主的 populist:平民主义的 【译文赏析】Hofstadter说，从我们的历史一开始，我们对于民主化和大众化的渴求就迫使我们拒 绝一切带有精英主义色彩的东西。 47.The true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrllch of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth. 【词汇突破】depletion:消耗(consume的同义替换词) ozone layer:臭氧层(碰到这种专业词汇不要慌张，判断出它是一个名词即可) 【译文赏析】 环境研究的先驱、斯坦福大学的保罗?6?1厄尔里西认为，科学真正的敌人是那些 对支持全球变暖、臭氧层损耗以及工业发展的其他后果的证据提出置疑的人。 48."The test of any democratic society, he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column", "lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be..." 【词汇突破】Wall Street Journal:华尔街日报 latitude:纬度(the widest possible latitude:尽可能大的自由，写作中可运用。) 第 8 页 共 12 页 【译文赏析】"对任何一个民主社会的考验，"他在《华尔街日报》的一个专栏文章中写到，"不在于它能够多有效地控制各种意见的表达，而在于这个社会是否能给予思考和表达以尽可能广泛的自由，不管有时候可能造成的结果是多么的富有争议或令人不快"。 49.The shift away from family life to solo lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is part of the “irresistible momentum of individualism” over the last century. 【词汇突破】irresistible :不可抗拒的(写作常用句型:sth has become a irresistible tendency.) momentum: 势头，趋势 individualism 个人主义 【译文赏析】一个法国社会学家观察到，从家庭生活到独居生活的转变是过去一个世纪以来“不可抗拒的独立主义动力”的一个部分 6. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortuning fortunes, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. 【词汇突破】fortuning:可观的(由fortune变化而来) fortune 财富，未来 surging:汹涌澎湃的。 traffic 运量 ( 在用于网络的描述时表示:流量) cover 可以表达的意思很丰富。例如: (1).a hourse one day can cover 14 miles.(表示走过的距离) (2).100 dollars could cover my monthly spending. (表示需要的金钱)等，写作中可运用。 【译文赏析】就铁路工业整体而言，尽管拥有大好形势，但它的收入仍旧不可以与资本的消耗相平衡，而这些资本则是为了满足庞大的交通体系而必须的 49.The grand mediocrity of today—everyone being the same in survival and number of off- spring—means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribe. 【词汇突破】mediocrity:平等，平庸 natural selection:自然选择 off -spring 【译文赏析】当今人与人在很大程度上的平等—即面对自然淘汰法则人人机会均等，并且连子嗣的数目都一样—这意味着和印度土著部落的情况相比，自然选择在印度中上层阶级中已丧失了80,的作用。 50.But,for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not. 【词汇突破】 professional training:职业训练 【译文赏析】但是，对一个小部分学生来说，职业教育也是条可取的路径。因为在其他因素相同的情况下，技能的娴熟是得到工作与否的关键。 51. While warnings are often appropriate and necessary--the dangers of drug interactions, for example--and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isn’t clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured. 【词汇突破】appropriate:恰当的，合适的 liability:责任(duty，obligation,commitment 的同义替换词) 【译文赏析】尽管警告常常是适当而且必须的--比如对于药物相互作用的危险提出警告--许多警告还是按州或联邦政府规定要求给出的，然而(我们) 并不清楚，如果顾客受到伤害时，这些警告其实是在使其生产者和销售者豁免责任。 52.This development--and its strong implication for US politics and economy in years ahead--has enthroned the South as America’s most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the nation’s head counting. 【词汇突破】enthrone: 使„„成为„„.(其同近义词为entitle) densely:密集的 nation’s head counting:全国人口普查(同census)implication 重要意义和重要性，影响 第 9 页 共 12 页 【译文赏析】这种发展——以及其对美国政治、经济在未来几年的潜在的强有力的影响一一使得 南部在全国人口普查中有史以来首次成为美国人口最密集的地区。 53.For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the 80’s, down-shifting in the mid 90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life--growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle --as a personal recognition of your limitations. 【译文赏析】对于我这一代曾在整个80年代为生活奔波的女人来说，90年代中期出现的归隐恬 退与其说是我们寻求一种神话般的美好生活(用有机肥种植蔬菜，并且冒险去过一种更加简单和 更少物质的生活方式)不如说是我们清醒地认识到自身能力是有限的。 54. Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West. 【词汇突破】census 人口普查 dramatize 体现和表明 spacious 宽敞的(其同根形容词为 spatial 和空间有关的) 【译文赏析】1980的人口普查数据表明远西地区是对宽敞住宿条件需求最高的地区。 55.Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly:summer homes, European travel, BMWs—the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. 【词汇突破】sign 标志 summer home 避暑山庄 【译文赏析】当然，人们现在对成功及其各种标志的兴趣似乎并不亚于先前。消夏别墅、欧陆旅 行、宝马车——地点、地名以及品牌或许会有变化，但这类事物在今天被人渴求的程度也似乎不 会亚于一二十年前。 56. Surely there is no more commanding moral imperative for people in the west than to urge each other, and their governments, to bring relief to the world’s poorest. 【词汇突破】imperative 必须的，必须做的事，原则(常见的是形容词性，但是这里是名词表示 必须做的事) commanding 急迫的，紧迫的 urge 敦促 relief 援助 【译文赏析】毫无疑问，对西方人来说，没有什么道德标准要比相互督促和督促国家给世界上最 穷困的地区带来救助更重要的了。 或:毫无疑问，对西方人来说相互督促和督促国家给世界上最穷困的地区带去救助是最重要的道 德原则。 57.Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. 【词汇突破】maximize:最大化 Coupled with:加上(combined with的同义替换) 【译文赏析】因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和 个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造 它们。 58. Luckily, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster, a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles，or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers’ misfortunes. 【词汇突破】lawsuit 法律诉讼 compendsate 赔偿 warn of 警告 liable 负责 juries 陪审团 【译文赏析】幸运的是，如果门垫或者是火炉没有能警告即将到来的灾难，你可以通过一场成功 第 10 页 共 12 页 的法律诉讼来赔偿你的麻烦。从1980年代的早期开始人们的想法就是这样的了，那时候法庭认为 商家对消费者的不幸应该负担更多的责任。 59. Amid the recriminations and broken treaties after the failure of the European Union’s biggest economic project, wild currency swings between those in the core and those in the periphery would almost certainly bring the single market to a shuddering halt. 【词汇突破】recriminations相互指责，吵架; 反诉; 揭丑; 例句:Their relationship deteriorates into an endless cycle of squabbling , jealousy and recriminations. 他们的关系陷入争吵、嫉妒、指责的恶性循环 Treaty 合约和条约; Periphery边缘; 圆周; 外围; 边缘地带 Shuddering发抖的，震动的 Halt 停止 【译文赏析】在欧盟最大的经济计划破产后的一片指责和违约之中，货币在欧盟核心国家和边缘 国家中肆意动荡，这足以使欧元区的单一市场走向毁灭。 60. Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill. 【词汇突破】census 人口普查 deveolop 出现 【译文赏析】从1980年的人口普查中，出现了这样一个情况，当东北部和中西部地区的人口增长 几乎停止的时候，这个国家地区间的竞争就变得的越来越激烈了。 61.With economic growth has come centralization: fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, tow-generation households. 【词汇突破】abandoned 抛弃 in favor of 赞成，支持 extended family 大家庭 【译文赏析】随着经济的增长，出现了集中化:全国1(19亿公民，其中整整76,的人口定居城 市:在这里，原来的社区和多代同堂的大家庭已被摒弃，取而代之的是与外界疏于往来的、只由 两代人组成的核心家庭。 62.Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity, the number of species in a particular ecosystem, to the health of the Earth and human well-being. 【译文】生物多样性是指在一个特定的生态系统中物种的数量，而人们越来越认识到其对于地球 健康和人类幸福的重要性，与此同时，人们也越来越关心物种和其栖息地的加速丢失。 63.All would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism and evolution debate. 【解析】助动词were被提前置于主语reason前，可以判定为部分倒装;此处倒装的原因是由于 虚拟条件句中if被省略而引起的，句子还原就是:If reason were the only judge in the creationism and evolution debate, all would be well . 【译文】如果理性是创造论和进化论的争论中的唯一评判标准的话，那么所有的事情就很好办了。 附加句:For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances. they是指示代词，指代前文的测试;compensate for:弥补;inequality:不公平，不平等，不相同 tell:说明，表明;underprivilieged:贫困的、物质条件差的 【译文】例如，测试并不能弥补明显的社会不公，因此就不能说明一个物质条件很差的人，如果 在更加有利的条件下成长，会有多么能干。 第 11 页 共 12 页 64.Most important, perhaps, was that they had all maintained with a certain fidelity the technique and composition consistent with those of America’s first popular landscape artist, Thomas Cole, who built a career painting the Catskill Mountain scenery bordering the Hudson River. 【译文】他们都几乎忠诚地在坚持着和美国第一个流行景观艺术家托马斯.柯尔的技法和构图原则 一直的技法和原则，这是很重要的。柯尔一直在从事着描绘哈德逊河两岸的catskill山风景的事业。 65.Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals are her increased “opportunities” for stress. 【解析】adding to a woman’s increase dose of stess chemicals 为ving,而后接复数系动词可以判定为 倒装;正常语序为:her increased “opportunities” for stress are adding to a woman’s increase dose of stress chemicals. Adding to A is B ; 这种结构也可以翻译为:除了A... 【译文】除开女性更多的压力物质外，还有就是她更多的受压力的机会。 再给一个倒装句:Among the species of seabirds that use the windswept cliffs of the Atlantic coast of Canada in the summer to mate, lay eggs, and rear their young are common murres, Atlantic puffins, black-legged kittiwakes, and northern gannets. 【译文】有一些鸟类会在夏天的时候利用在加拿大的陡峭的大西洋悬崖来交配，产卵和抚育自己 的幼鸟，而普通的海雀，大西洋的海鸠，黑脚三趾鸥，以及北方的塘鹅都是这样的海鸟。 66. Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the "odd balls" among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who "work well with the team. 【词汇突破】regularity 常规性 conformity 一致性 desirable 令人满意的，令人希望的，值得拥有的，例: It is desirable that you should be there by two o’clock.(希望你两点能到那里。) conventional 传统的 【译文赏析】如果在科学家的论文中所反应出的对于标准模板的遵守和认同正是其所想得到的话， 那么管理层就不该因歧视研究者中的"思维与众不同的人"，喜欢其中较为传统的"善于团队合作" 的思想者而受到指责了。 祝:你，我，他 考研成功～ 第 12 页 共 12 页