初中英语各种时态的讲解与练习

初中英语各种时态的讲解与练习 一(关于时态。 时态其实是指的两个概念:其一是指时间，其二是指:在不同的时间条件下动词的形式。时间上英语主要分为三段:过去时间，现在时间和将来时间。动词的形式有五种,情态动词除外。(原型do、三单does、现在分词doing、过去式did、过去分词done)。即: ,时间:过去、现在、将来。 时态, , ,动词的形式(态):原型do、三单does、现在分词doing、过去式did、过去分词done 其实时态主要就是在考察动词。因此同学们一定要有这个意识:只要一说起时态我们就要去关注谓语动词怎么变化(用什么样的形式)。 同学们一定要掌握各个动词的五种变化形式，这是学好时态，做好时态题的基础。 二(初中阶段主要要掌握以下8种时态: ,1.一般现在时态 , 2.现在进行时态 现在类的时态 , 3.现在完成时态 ,4.现在完成进行时态(了解) , 1.一般过去时态 过去类的时态 2.过去进行时态 , 3.过去完成时态 将来类的时态 1.一般将来时态 三(中学阶段各种时态的定义:(有的同学不关注各种时态的定义，他们觉得时态的定义不重要，其实他们大错特错了。时态的定义是判断该不该用这种时态最重要的依据，同学们除了要记住而且要去理解各种时态定义的真正含义)。 为了让学生们，特别是时态基础比较薄弱的学生都能掌握，我把这8种时态的定义尽量简单化一点。掌握了后再进行全面的、深入的学习。 1. 一般现在时态:表示经常性、习惯性的动作或表达主语现在的情况、状态。 2. 一般过去时态:表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。 3. 一般将来时态:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 4. 现在进行时态:表示现在(说话时刻)正在发生或进行的动作或事情。 (注意:现在进行时态可以表是将来特别是在谓语动词是一些具有位置移动性的动词的时候如:go come leave move fly ) 5. 过去进行时态:表示过去某一时刻\时点正在进行的动作。 ,表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调现在的情况 6. 现在完成时态: ,表示过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态(谓语动词要用延续性动词) 7.过去完成时态:表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生在过去的过去。 8.现在完成进行时态:表示从过去某时开始一直延续到说话时还在进行，或可能还要继续下去的动作。 四(初中阶段各时态的句型: 1.一般现在时态:(1)be动词时用(am \is \are) (2)其他实意动词:S(主语)非三单+ do (原型) 1 S(主语)三单+ does (三单) 2.一般过去时态:(1)be动词时用(was\were) (2) 其他实意动词:把原形动词变为过去式(do---变----did) 3.一般将来时态:句型一:be(am \is \are)+ going to + do (原型) 句型二:shall(一人称用)\will + do (原型) 4.现在进行时态:be(am \is \are)+doing(动词+ing) 注意:现在进行时态的特殊用法可以表将来，特别是在谓语动词是一些具有位置移动性的动词的时候如:go come leave move fly ) 5.过去进行时态:was\were + doing(动词+ing) 6.现在完成时态:have\has +done(动词的过去分词) 7.过去完成时态:had + done(动词的过去分词) 8.现在完成进行时态:have\has+ been + doing(动词+ing) 以上时态的句型同学们要非常熟练，这是做好时态题的基础。另外动词原形变动词的三单，现在分词，过去式，过去分词的变法同学们也要熟练掌握，如果那种还不会变的请同学们一定要询问老师学会哦～切忌哈～ 五(八种初中常考时态的时间标志词汇归纳 1.一般现在时态常用的时间标志词:often、usually、always、sometimes、every hour\day\week\month\year、in the morning (afternoon …) on Sundays\weekends, once a week, twice a day, three times a year 2.一般过去时态常用的时间标志词:yesterday，the day before yesterday，yesterday morning\afternoon\evening.... last week、last month , last year ,last night= yesterday evening 一段时间+ ago、, three days ago，an hour ago ,two weeks ago ,ten years ago„. in 1990\2001\2010 just now; a (short) while ago; a moment ago 刚才 in the past以往;在过去once upon a time=long long ago 很久很久以前 3.一般将来时态常用的时间标志词: tomorrow、the day after tomorrow , tomorrow morning\afternoon\evening.... next week\month\year , next term this month\year、 in +一段时间 , in three days , in ten years at once; right now; right away, immediately , in a minute\ moment ，in no time 立刻，马上 in the future 4现在进行时态常用的时间标志词: Now= at present; at the moment 现在、目前、此刻 at this moment/time Look! Listen! It’s six... o’clock 5.过去进行时态常用的时间标志词: at six yesterday morning „„„. at 11:00 last night from 7 to 9 yesterday morning 、at this time yesterday、 at that time、也可用在when和while引导的从句。请记住下面的例句: 如:What was he doing when the UFO landed. The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed. While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed. 2 The girl was shopping when the alien got out. While the girl was shopping , the alien got out. We were watching TV while our mother was cooking (强调前后两个动作同时进行)。 6.现在完成时态常用的时间标志词: 1).already (“已经” 用于肯定句的中间和末尾处) never (“从不”用于中间处) ever (“曾经” 用于疑问句和肯定句的中间处) just (“刚刚” 用于中间处) yet (“已经” 用于疑问句的末尾处 / “还” 用于否定句的末尾处) so far=till now= up to now迄今为止、到目前为止 recently=lately 最近，近来recent years 近年些来 before 以前 例子: I have just cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过衣服。 (“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”) 2).表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作，将来还可能继续下去。 标志:for (后加一段时间，如:for three days ), since ,+过去时间 ,+一般过去时态的从句 如:since 1998， since she left here I have stayed in that country since 1995. They have lived in that house since two years ago. I have loved her since I met her last time. Lily has stayed at home since she left school. in the past+一段时间。在过去的(一段时间里)in the last+一段时间。在最近的(一段时间里) in the past few years 在过去的几年当中\里，in the last few years 在最近的几年当中\里 in the past few weeks in the last five days 3).现在完成时态常考的几个句型(记忆): (1)have\has been to s.w.(曾经)去过某地 Tom has been to Beijing. (2)have\has gone to s.w.去某地了 They have gone to the zoo. (3)have\has been in s.w.(呆)在某地 Our family have been in New York City for ten years. (4)It is the first / second time.... that…结构中的从句部分用现在完成时。例如: It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次访问这城市。 This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。 但是注意:It was the third time that the boy had been late. (5)This is +the 形容词最高级+that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时。 例如:This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 (6) It’s / It has been + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去态的时间状语从句” “自从…以来, 已经…(时间)了”。如 It’s / has been three months since he moved to this city.(注意从句的谓语动词须是终止性动词。) 7.过去完成时态的时间标志词: (过去完成时的重点在于表达“过去的过去”，是一种相对的时态，是以某个过去的事为参照对象，强调的是比它还要早发生。理解了这一点，就比较容易很好地掌握和运用这个时态。) By the time+一般过去时态的从句。在…….之前，到…..为止。 例句: 3 By the time I got outside , the bus had already left . By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. by the end of +过去时间。在…….之前，到…..为止。 by the end of last year(term, month„) before+过去时间或一般过去时态的从句。在„„„以前。 I had never come here before yesterday . David had gone to bed before his father got home . When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 六(做好时态题的三个方法(思维过程)。 1.根据句子中的时态标志词，来判断时态。 如:He (join)the League two years ago. We (visit) the Great Wall next Sunday. The shop ___________(close) at this time of day. I________ never ________(eat) such delicious noodles before. Look～Someone ________(lie) on the floor. By the time I (be) five , I (start ) learing English . My teacher often _________(tell) us not to play on the street. I _________(be) fifteen soon. “__________the bridge _______(repair) yet?”“Yes, the workers_______ already______(repair) it.” If it __________(not rain) tomorrow, we ____________(go )fishing. 2.根据前面或后面句子的时态来判断时态。 如:When I got to school, Amy (read) English book aloud . She said that she (finish) his homework. He told that he (learn)some English before. The teacher said that the earth ________(move) round the sun. She said she _______(put) on a new coat the next day. Lucy said she ________(visit) the school the next month. Can you tell me if it _________(snow) tomorrow? I found that the students _________(play) football on the playground. We ________(have) lunch when suddenly someone knocked at the door. I felt much better after I _______(take) the medicine. Where is Tom? He _________(go) to the post office. He said he _________(come) back soon. 3.根据时态的定义来判断时态。 What language ________(speak) in Australia? I _________(lost) my bike ._________you _________(see) it anywhere? Light ___________(travel )much faster than sound. The Great Wall _________(know) all over the world. You ________(be) late if you __________(not hurry) up . Use your head and you _________(find) a better way. Could you tell me where Alice ________ (live)? I ________(wait) until he comes back. 4 She _________(not go) to bed until she _______(finish) her work. The students___________(speak) English in class. 七(动词的五种形式的变化归纳: 1.原型do、2.三单does、3.现在分词doing、4.过去式did、5.过去分词done (一)。原形动词变三单。do ? does 1.一般情况 加-s reads, says, takes ，gets ,dances 2.以ch, sh, s, x, 或o结尾的词 加-es teaches, washes, goes, misses, mixes ,passes ,touches ,teaches ,finishes, guesses ,fixes ,does ,watches 3.以辅音字母加y结尾的词 变y为i再加-es studies, cries, carries ,flies ,hurries ,tries , 4.特殊变化:have ? has be ? is say [sei],says [sez] (二). 原形动词变现在分词. do ? doing 1.大多动词直接在词尾加-ing，比如:go-going, work-working, study-studying, look-looking， do-doing,eat-eating,play-playing,read-reading,wash-washing,plant-planting,borrow-borrowing,,paint-p ainting,cry-crying, climb-climbing see—seeing be--being 2.以不发音的e字母结尾的动词，要去掉e再加-ing，比如:make-making, write-writing, skate-skating, close–closing, come-coming, make–making, take-taking，have-having, dance-dancing, smile-smiling, ride-riding, become-becoming, 注:一般来说初中动词中，看见以e字母结尾的都要去掉再加+ing 除了 be 和 see . 3.双写最后一个字母再+ing (注:以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要双写这一辅音字母，再加 -ing。)例如:run-running, swim-swimming，get – getting,sit–sitting,put–putting,begin–beginning,hit-hitting stop-stopping ，stop-stopping, shop-shopping, prefer-preferring, pian-pianning, fit-fitting, cut-cutting, let-letting, forget-forgetting, drop-dropping 4.少数以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y再+ing. lie-lying, die-dying, tie-tying (三).原形动词变过去式. do ? did 1..不规则变化。请记忆不规则动词表. 2.规则变化(关于加ed的) (1)一般情况下，直接加+ed.如:work ---worked play---played wanted----wanted act----acted welcome—welcomed (2)以e 结尾动词只加 +d。如:live---lived move----moved taste---tasted hope---hoped change—changed use—used die—died love—loved arrive—arrived (3) 以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i 再加-ed，如: study---studied copy---copied cry---cried carry---carried try—tried 5 (4)双写最后一个字母再加+ed.如: stop—stopped plan—planned drop—dropped prefer—preferred (四).原形动词变过去分词. do ? done 1..不规则变化。请记忆不规则动词表. 2.规则变化(关于加ed的) (1)一般情况下，直接加+ed.如:work ---worked play---played wanted----wanted act----acted welcome—welcomed (2)以e 结尾动词只加 +d。如:live---lived move----moved taste---tasted hope---hoped change—changed use—used die—died love—loved arrive—arrived (3) 以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i 再加-ed，如: study---studied copy---copied cry---cried carry---carried try—tried (4)双写最后一个字母再加+ed.如: stop—stopped plan—planned drop—dropped prefer—preferred 6