授课版高中定语从句教案(I)

授课版高中定语从句教案(I) 龙文学校木樨地分校 韩庄子 教学区个性化教育教案 标题: 名词性从句(I) 授课教师: 学生名字: 上课时间: 201 年 月 日 至 段 学生 评价 LEC评价法下载LEC评价法下载评价量规免费下载学院评价表文档下载学院评价表文档下载 :特别满意( ) 满意( ) 基本满意( ) 不满意( ) 学生签字: 一、授课目的 掌握名词性从句的结构及连接词用法 二、考点分析 高考的考查的实际情况来看，名词性从句考得最多的是宾语从句，其次是主语从句，再次是表语从句，而同位语从句则很少考查 三、授课重点 一、概说 名词性从句,即起名词性作用的从句. 分类,a.主语从句 b.宾语从句 c.表语从句 d.同位语从句。 二、名词性从句的一般引导词 a.纯连词,不做成分,,if、whether,that b.连接代词,which、whom、who、what、—ever,whose ,作主,宾,表,定, c.连接副词,when,where,why,how ,作状语, 片断一,主语从句 1.that引导主语从句 that引导主语从句时不同于其他的连词,既无词义也不作成分,只起单纯的连接作用,且通常不可以省。为了强调that引导的主语从句而置之于句首时,that不可省。 ?That the driver could not control his car was obvious. ?That she was chosen made us very happy. 地址:北京市丰台区西四环南路丰泽街2号吉利双星底商(欧尚东面100米实验 小学 小学生如何制作手抄报课件柳垭小学关于三违自查自纠报告小学英语获奖优质说课课件小学足球课教案全集小学语文新课程标准测试题 对面) 电话: 010—63711684(前台) 010—63783295(教务处) 龙文学校木樨地分校 韩庄子 教学区个性化教育教案 ?That he will come is certain. ?通常,that引导主语从句时用it做形式主语,把从句置于句尾,此时that有时可省。 例如, ?It was obvious that the driver could not control his car. ?It made us very happy that she was chosen. ?It is certain that he will come. ?如果以that从句为主语的句子是疑问句，就只能用先行词it结构。例如: ?Is it certain that he will come? ?Is it true that he would take the risk? ?it做形式主语有以下几种不同的结构: (1)It + be + 形容词+ that-从句 ?It is likely that he will come. ?It is strange that she has ever trusted him. ?It is important that he (should) attend the meeting. ?It is best that he (should) go. 此句型在表示惊讶、喜悦、遗憾等感情色彩时，that从句中的谓语动词也常用 (should) + v原形。 It is strange that no one should have objected to the plan. (2)It + be +名词+ that-从句 It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish. It's a pity that he should have catched the train. (3) It + be + -ed分词 + that从句 It is said that he is a famous writer. It is reported that there will be a storm this afternoon. ?在表示建议、要求、命令等意义的被动结构中，that从句中的谓语动词常用(should) do。(参见虚拟语气部分) It is suggested that the meeting (should) be held this afternoon. It is demanded that he (should) leave at once. (4) It + seem/happen/appear等不及物动词 + that从句。(look不接that从句，它接to be结构或形 容词) It seems that he is wrong. 地址:北京市丰台区西四环南路丰泽街2号吉利双星底商(欧尚东面100米实验小学对面) 电话: 010—63711684(前台) 010—63783295(教务处) 龙文学校木樨地分校 韩庄子 教学区个性化教育教案 It appears that they are in urgent need of help. He looks (to be) surprised/happy/sad. 2. whether引导主语从句，意为“是否”，只起连接作用，不充当任何成分。(置于句首时必须用whether引导，置于句尾时，间或可用if。) Whether he will win the game is not clear. Whether he will come is uncertain. Whether she comes or not doesn't concern me. It is not clear whether/if he will come. It was uncertain whether he would come. 3. 连词代词what, who, which, whose等引导的主语从句。这些连接代词作用相当于代词，在从句中担当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。 What we need is more time. Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear. Whose book it is not important. Which school you want to go matters much. 4.连接副词when, where, why, how引导的主语从句。这些连接副词相当于副词，在从句中充当状语。 Why he did this is not known. When he will come is still unknown. It is not known why he did this. How he succeeded is unknown to us. Where we should hold the meeting needs to be discussed. 注意:wh-引导的主语从句也常用it作形式主语。 5.也可用whatever,whoever,whomever,whenever,wherever等词引导主语从句，表示“无论什么”、“无论谁”、“无论何时”、“无论在(到)哪里”等。 Whoever told you to give up smoking was quite right. Whatever he gave you should be handed in. Whoever told you that was lying. Whoever comes is welcome. 地址:北京市丰台区西四环南路丰泽街2号吉利双星底商(欧尚东面100米实验小学对面) 电话: 010—63711684(前台) 010—63783295(教务处) 龙文学校木樨地分校 韩庄子 教学区个性化教育教案 专项训练: 1.______ makes mistakes must correct them. A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever 2. It worried her a bit ______ her hair was turning grey. A. while B. that C. if D. for 3.When and why he came here ______ yet. A. is not known B. are not known C. has not known D. have not known 4.______ is no reason for dismissing her. A. Because she was a few minutes late B. Owing to a few minutes late C. The fact that she was a few minutes late D. Being a few minutes late 5.______Tom liked to eat was different from ______. A. That…that you had expected B. What …that you had expected C. That…what you had expected D. What…what you had expected 6.______ we go swimming every day ______ us a lot of good. A. If...do B. That...do C. If...does D. That...does 7.It ______ Bob drives badly. A. thinks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought that 8.It's uncertain ______ the experiment is worth doing. A. if B. that C. whether D. how 9.______ the boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry. A. That B. What C. How D. Which 10.______ we can't get seems better than ______ we have. A.What, what B. What, that C. That, that D. That, what 地址:北京市丰台区西四环南路丰泽街2号吉利双星底商(欧尚东面100米实验小学对面) 电话: 010—63711684(前台) 010—63783295(教务处) 龙文学校木樨地分校 韩庄子 教学区个性化教育教案 KEYS 1.C 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.D 6.D 7.D 8.C 9.A 10.A 片断二、宾语从句 宾语从句:在复合句中充当宾语。 1. that引导宾语从句时无含义，不充当成分，常省略。 ?that不引导介词的宾语从句，至于except that, in that, save that, but that等是复合从属连词。 I know (that) you have met him. Let's suppose that one day this happens to you. ?在及物动词和宾语从句之间常有间接宾语(指人)。例如: I told him (that) he was wrong. ?在少数动词如:think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine, calculate, fancy, reckon, be supposed , seem, appear, feel as if, look as if, look like等后面的从句中的否定词经常转移到主句谓语动词上，这叫否定前置/否定转移。(hope“希望”, guess“认为”后的宾语从句否定不前置。I hope not.“我希望不是那样的”，是I hope so.的否定式。I don't hope so.是对hope的否定:“我不希望如此”。)如: I don't think it will be very cold today. I don't think you are right. I don't believe he has finished his work. 注意: ?非必须否定转移。若需要强调从句的否定时就不作转移。 ?不可把所有可否定转移动词的否定句都理解为否定宾语从句，要根据句意或语境而定。 I don't think diplomacy is a field for private enterprise. We didn't think we'd be this late. ?当think用在疑问句中，或主句中的谓语动词与状语连用，或主句中的谓语动词被do强调时，不能否定转移。 Why do you think we can't change your note? I do believe Tom never tells a lie. 地址:北京市丰台区西四环南路丰泽街2号吉利双星底商(欧尚东面100米实验小学对面) 电话: 010—63711684(前台) 010—63783295(教务处) 龙文学校木樨地分校 韩庄子 教学区个性化教育教案 They still didn't believe that the food would come. I can't believe that they are married. ?否定转移多用在主句动词为一般现在时的情况。 主句动词为一般过去时、过去完成时、过去进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时，或主句动词与情态动词连用， 就不能否定转移。此时若主句动词为否定，应考虑是否是对主句动词的否定。 I had thought that he would not come. 我已经想到了他不能来了。 ?当宾语从句中有no, never, hardly, not at all, not a bit, not...enough, can't help doing等时不能否定转 移。 I think I can't help laughing if I see it. I believe he never tells a lie. ?许多带宾语补足语的句子要用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句置于句尾。 We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone. We thought it a pity that she should have missed the chance. 2. whether, if引导宾语从句:表示“是否”可互换，口语中常用if。 He asked if she would come. 注意下列情况下whether不可用if换: 1)引导主语从句置于句首时。 2)whether后没有单词间隔而直接跟or not时。 I don't know whether or not he will come. 3) whether从句作介词宾语时。 They are talking about whether he will win the game. Everything depends on whether you agree with us. 4)whether后接不定式时。 I don't know whether to attend the meeting. 5)动词discuss, decide的宾语从句时。 3. 连接代词what, who, whose等引导的宾语从句。 地址:北京市丰台区西四环南路丰泽街2号吉利双星底商(欧尚东面100米实验小学对面) 电话: 010—63711684(前台) 010—63783295(教务处) 龙文学校木樨地分校 韩庄子 教学区个性化教育教案 Tell me what you want. Do you know who will come at the meeting? 注意:who, whom按照传统语法，从句中who所取代的名词如果是宾语应用宾格whom，但在口语中常用who，如: Do you know whom (who) he will invite? ?whose, which, what三个词都带有形容词性质。whose表示所有，意为“谁的”;which意为“哪一个”，what意为“什么”。如: Whose book it is not important. Please tell me which school you want to go. He didn't know what time it was. ?一般说来，which指的是在一个具体的、较明确的、有限的、较小范围;而what则指较广的或不明确的范围。如:which food，说话人一般指眼前的或明确范围的几种food;what food则指许多food，而且说话人心中没有数。 I don't know which / what food you want. 如果范围较大或者没有什么范围，最好用what food。 4. 连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。 I don't know when the meeting will be held. Please tell me where I can find Tom. He explained to me why he was absent from the meeting. Can you tell me how I can get to the post office? 5. 可用whatever, whoever, whomever, whenever, wherever等引导宾语从句。 Please write down whatever he is saying. I don't know whoever will come. I'll do whatever you ask me to. 6. 表示爱憎情感的动词，如:enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, don't mind, resent, appreciate(感激)等以及某些介词结尾的短语动词如:count on, depend on, rely on, see to, look forward to, be fond of, feel like, see to等后，即使没有宾补也要先接形式宾语it，再接宾语从句。 I like it when she smiles at me. I love it when you sing. I hate it if I am spoken to loudly in public. 地址:北京市丰台区西四环南路丰泽街2号吉利双星底商(欧尚东面100米实验小学对面) 电话: 010—63711684(前台) 010—63783295(教务处) 龙文学校木樨地分校 韩庄子 教学区个性化教育教案 ?除了but, besides, except, in, save, beyond六个介词后跟that引导的宾语从句外，其他介词都不能。in that 是“因为”的意思，其余五个与that搭配都是“除了……”。 专项训练: 1、Do you know how much hot water ______? A.Mum is needed B.does Mum need C.Mum needs D.did Mum need 2、Can you tell me ______? A.where he is B.where is he C.he is where D.what is he 3、I didn't know how ______ to London? A.would they go B.are they going C.they would go D.they are going 4、I want to know how long ______. A.has he been back B.has he come back C.he has been back D.he has come back 5、Do you know ______? A.what the news are B.what is the news C.what the news is D.what are the news 6、He said he would help me with my maths if he ______ free. A.was B.will be C.would be D.is 7、He will write to you as soon as he ______ to Shanghai. A.gets B.is getting C.will get D.shall get 8、Father ______ music when he ______ young A.liked…was B.liked…is C.likes…was D.likes…is 9、I liked sports ______ I was young. A.so much as B.so much that C.very much when D.very much because 地址:北京市丰台区西四环南路丰泽街2号吉利双星底商(欧尚东面100米实验小学对面) 电话: 010—63711684(前台) 010—63783295(教务处) 龙文学校木樨地分校 韩庄子 教学区个性化教育教案 10、______ mother got home,I was tidying my room. A.After B.When C.As soon as D.Before 1、C 2、A 3、C 4、C 5、C 6、A 7、A 8、A 9、C 10、B 1. 连接词 that 只起连接作用,没有任何意思,也不充当句子成分,在宾语从句中可省略,但引导其他名词性从句时通常不省略。如, I hope (that) you enjoy your holiday. 希望你假期过得好。 That he likes you is very obvious. 很显然他喜欢你。 2. 连接词 whether 也不充当句子成分,但有自己的意思,表示“是否”,引导宾语从句时,可换成 if,但引导其他名词性从句时不能换成 if。 He asked whether [if] I would show him the way. 他问我是否可以给他带路。 Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看一看。(引导主语从句,不能用 if 代替 whether) 3. 连接代词 who(m), whose, which, what 等,均有各自的意义,在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。如, That’s why she wanted to leave. 这就是她想离开的原因。 When we arrive doesn't matter. 什么时候到没有关系。 Tell me which one you like best. 告诉我你最喜欢哪一个。 地址:北京市丰台区西四环南路丰泽街2号吉利双星底商(欧尚东面100米实验小学对面) 电话: 010—63711684(前台) 010—63783295(教务处) 龙文学校木樨地分校 韩庄子 教学区个性化教育教案 4. 连接副词 when, where, why, how 等,也各自有自己的意义,在从句中作状语。如, The question is how we should carry out the plan. 问题是怎样执行这个计划。 When she’ll be back depends much on the weather. 她什么时候回来在很大程度上要看天气。 Why he did it will remain a puzzle forever. 他为什么这样做将永远是一个谜。 三、名词性从句的重要引导词 1. what 用于引导名词性从句是一个十分重要的引导词,它可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,但不用于引导同位语从句。它引导的名词性从句有两个意思是,一是表示“什么”,带有疑问意味,二是表示“…所…的”,相当于一个先行词后接一个关系代词。如, I don’t know what you want. 我不知道你想要什么。 I don’t know what you want is this. 我不知道你所想要的是这个。 2. what 引导名词性从句时可用作限定词,其后修饰名词。如, I gave him what books I had. 我把我所有的书都给他了。 He gave me what money he had about him. 他把身边带有的钱全给了我。 注,what 后的名词可以是复数名词或不可数名词,但通常不能是单数可数名词,并且后接不可数名词时,有时可有little修饰,两者的区别是,what+不可数名词=所有的都,what little+不可数名词=虽少但全部。如, 地址:北京市丰台区西四环南路丰泽街2号吉利双星底商(欧尚东面100米实验小学对面) 电话: 010—63711684(前台) 010—63783295(教务处) 龙文学校木樨地分校 韩庄子 教学区个性化教育教案 What friends she has are out of the country. 她有的那些朋友全在国外。 We gave him what (little) help we could. 我们给了他我们力所能及的帮助。 3. whoever, whatever, whichever 等也可引导名词性从句,其意分别为“所…的一切事或东西”、“任何…的人”、““…的任可人或物”等。如, Whoever wants the book may have it. 任何人要这书都可拿去。 I’ll do whatever I can to help him. 我们将尽我们所能来挽救他。 Buy whichever is cheapest. 买最便宜的。 注意以下受汉语意思影响而弄错的句子, 任何人来都欢迎。 误,Who comes will be welcome. / Anyone comes will be welcome. 正,Whoever comes will be welcome. / Anyone who comes will be welcome. 另外,它们也可引导让步状语从句,其意为“无论…”、“不管…”,其意相当于 no matter who [what, which]。如, Whatever happens, you must be calm. 不管发生什么情况,你都必须镇静。(whatever = no matter what) He won't eat you, whoever he is. 不管他是谁,他也不能把你吃掉。(whoever = no matter who) 地址:北京市丰台区西四环南路丰泽街2号吉利双星底商(欧尚东面100米实验小学对面) 电话: 010—63711684(前台) 010—63783295(教务处) 龙文学校木樨地分校 韩庄子 教学区个性化教育教案 注,whoever 既用作主格也用作宾语,作宾语时不宜用 whomever,因为在现代英语中 whomever 这个已几乎废弃不用。 4. why 与 because 的用法区别。两者均可引导表语从句,但前者强调结果,后者强调的原因。如, I had a cold. That’s why I didn't come. 我感冒了,因此我没来。 I didn’t come. That’s because I had a cold. 我没有来,那是因为我感冒了。 五、名词性从句的语序 名词性从句的词序与陈述句语序相同,尤其注意那些由连接代词who(m), whose, which, what 和连接副词 when, where, why 等引导的名词性从句,不要受它们在特殊疑问句中用法的影响而误用疑问句词序。如, Why was she crying? 她为什么在哭, I don’t know why he was crying. 我不知道她为什么哭。 六、名词性从句的时态问题 1. 当主句的谓语动词是过去式时,宾语从句若不是一个客观事实或真理,其谓语动词也必须用某种过去时态。如, She said that she didn't want to know. 她说她不想知道。 I asked her whether she would agree. 我问她是否会同意。 地址:北京市丰台区西四环南路丰泽街2号吉利双星底商(欧尚东面100米实验小学对面) 电话: 010—63711684(前台) 010—63783295(教务处) 龙文学校木樨地分校 韩庄子 教学区个性化教育教案 2. when, if 这两个词既可引导名词性从句,也可引导状语从句。当它们引导名词性从句且表示将来意义时,要直接使用将来时态,但当它们引导状语从句且表示将来意义时,则必须用一般现在时表示将来意义。如, I don’t know when he will come, but when he comes, I’ll call you. 我不知道他什么时候,但当他来的时候,我会打电话给你。 句中第一个when 引导的是宾语从句,故用将来时态表示将来意义,第二个when 引导的是时间状语从句,故用一般现在时表示将来意义。 地址:北京市丰台区西四环南路丰泽街2号吉利双星底商(欧尚东面100米实验小学对面) 电话: 010—63711684(前台) 010—63783295(教务处)