仁爱版英语八年级第一单元topic1and_2知识点小结1

Unit 1 Topic1 Are you going to play basketball? 本课重点的语法:{一般将来时态} ▼be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情。表示准备,打算做某事 用法:be going to +V原形 例句:He is going to write a letter tonight. I am going to play basketball. 重点短语: (1) see sb do sth 看见某人做了某事(强调看见动作的全过程) see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事(强调看见动作正在进行的一部分) 例句I often see Tom play basketball on the playground.我经常看见汤姆在操场上打篮球 I saw Tom playing basketball on the playground yesterday.我昨天看见汤姆正在操场上打篮球。 类似的词还有:hear,watch, (2) almost 副词adv. 意为“几乎,差不多” 用法:放在be动词前,动词之后。 例句:Supper is most ready. 晚饭就要好了。 I most fell off my bike.我几乎从自行车上摔下来。 (3) cheer sb. on 为某人喝彩 例句:I cheer him on. 我为他喝彩。 (4) against 介词pre.对着,反对play against 与……抗衡/较量 例句:We are against the war. 我们反对战争。 We play against the red team. 我们与红队较量。 (5) prefer 较喜欢,更喜欢; 用法:prefer+Ving/名词/代词 例句:I prefer playing basketball.我更喜欢打篮球。 I prefer the white dog. 我更喜欢这只白狗。 I prefer it. 我更喜欢它。 词组:prefer……to ……喜欢……不喜欢…… 例句:His brother prefers English to math. 他的哥哥喜欢英语而不喜欢数学。 I prefer play basketball to play football. (注意此时是用原形) (6) both ……and……两个都;即……又……(后面的谓语动词用复数形式) 例句:Both Y aoming and Yijianlian play basketball in the NBA.(对) Both Y aoming and Yijianlian plays basketball in the NBA.(错) (7)dream of/about 梦见◆注意of/about 是介词,后面的动词要加ing 例句:Last night I dreamed of flying in the sky. (8) give up+Ving/名词/代词意为“放弃” 例句:He gives up smoking. I don’t give up English. Don’t give it up.◆注意代词放中间 (9)感叹句What + a +感情色彩的名词! 例句:What a pity!=What a shame! 多有趣啊! (10) take part in 参加,加入join 参加,加入 ◆take part in指加入比赛或者活动join一般指加入……组织 例句:She took part in running. 她参加跑步运动。 He joined the army in 1995. 他在1995年参军。 (11) spend+时间on sth /(in ) doing sth 花费时间在某事上/花费时间在做某事上例句:He spent one hour on the book. He spent two hours (in) doing his homework. (12) exercise 作:动词,名词(不可数),锻炼 例句:She dose morning exercise every day. (作名词) She exercises every day.(作动词) (13) be good at+doing sth / 名词=do well in 擅长做某事 例句:I am good at English. He is good at playing baskerball. (14) be good for 对……有益,有好处 be bad for 对……有害,不好 例句:Exercise is good for your health. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. 同类的词组还有:be good to sb 对某人好be bad to sb 对某人不好 例句:The English teacher is good to us. (15) keep fit = keep healthy 保持健康 health(健康,名词) healthy(健康的,形容词) healthily(健康地,副词) (16) relax 放松词组:relax oneself 使自己放松 例句:Stop and relax yourself. (17) arrive in +大地方(北京,上海,厦门,美国……) arrive at + 小地方(village 小村庄……) get to +地点到达某地 reach+地点到达某地 ◆上述词后跟home, here, there, back时,都不用介词。后面无地点时用arrive。 (18) excited 激动的,兴奋的,用来修饰人 exciting 令人激动的,使人兴奋的,用来修饰物 区别:We are excited to hear the good news.听到这个好消息我们很兴奋。 It is an exciting story.这是个令人兴奋的故事。 类似的词还有:interested 和interesting bored 和boring tired 和tiring (19) leave for sp. 动身前往某地leave for Shanghai 动身前往上海 leave sp. for. sp 离开某地去某地leave Beijing for Shanghai 离开北京去上海 (20) for +一段的时间Stay for two weeks. (两星期是一段的时间) (21) all over the world 全世界 (22) hope to do sth(希望做什么) hope + 句子(希望的事情,实现的可能性大) wish sb sth(希望某人某事) wish sb to do sth(希望某人干什么) wish+句子(希望的事情,实现的可能性小表虚拟语气) I hope to become/ be a teacher. I hope he will become a teacher. I wish you good luck. I wish him to become/ be a teacher. I wish I were a bird. 单项选择 1. She prefers ______ basketball. A. play B. to playing C. playing D. plays 2. — ______ do you play sports? — Once a week. A. How long B. How often C. How many D. How much 3.______ makes your body strong. A. Runing B. Running C. To run D. Runner 4. ______ more sports and you can ______ next year. A. Do, be health B. Doing, health C. Do, be healthy D. Doing, healthy 5. They are _______ Beijing tomorrow. A. leave for B. will leave for C. leaving for D. going to leaving for 6. He will be back ______ four days. A. after B. in C. from D. to 7. Lily _the long jump, and she jumped very far. A. join B. joined C. takes part in D. took part in 8. Cycling can make your body _. A. strong B. strongly C. be strong D. to be strong 9.He will __ Beijing tomorrow morning, if the train isn’t late. A. reached B. get C. arrive at D. arrive in 10. I am good at ____ basketball. A. to play B. play C.playing D. to playing 11.Ann ________ mountains tomorrow morning. A. is climbing B. climb C. is going to climb D. climbs 12. I saw Tom often _____ with his father during the summer. A. swims B. swam C. swim D. swimming 13.Running is a good way ________ fit . A. keeps B. to keep C. keeping D. kept 14. He prefers _____ on the weekend. A . go shopping B. going shop C. going shopping D. to go shopping 15. ______my father _______mother are wokers. A. All; of B. Both; and C. Either; of D. Neither; nor Unit 1 Topic 2 Would you mind passing me some water 本课重点语法:1.Would you mind doing ……?你介意……吗?请你……好吗? 其否定形式为:Would you mind not doing ……? 2. Would you mind if +从句?如果……你介意吗? 回答时可以用:用yes 或者no 回答 例如:No, not at all. / Certainly not. / Of course not. 不介意,当然可以。 I am sorry, but ……对不起,但是…… Y es, you’d better not. 是的,你最好不要。 例句:Would you mind opening windows?你介意打开窗户吗? Would you mind my opening windows? 你介意我打开窗户吗? Would you mind if I open windows? 如果我打开窗户,你介意吗? 3. Could you please + V 原型?= Would you please + V原型?请你……好吗?例句:Could you please give me some water ? 请你给我些水好吗? —Sure. / Of course. 好啊,当然可以。 重点短语: (1)do sb. a favor = help sb.= give sb. a hand 帮助某人 (2)one of ……意为“……中的一个”后面接可数名词的复数,但谓语动词用单数。例句:One of the girls is my sister. 这些女孩中的其中一个是我的妹妹. (3)fall ill 生病 (4)be glad to do sth. 乐意做某事 例句:I am glad to help you. 我很乐意帮助你。 (5)practice 练习 用法:practice sth/ doing sth/ 代词 例句:Y ou can practice speaking English every day. (6) be late 迟到例句:I am late. He/She is late./ Y ou are late. be late for 做……迟到例句:I am late for school. 我上学迟到了。 (7) manage 管理,经营,处理 用法: manage sb./ sth. 例句:She manages the hotel well. 她把旅馆管理得井井有条。 Manage to do sth. 设法做成某事 例句:She manages to climb the mountain. 她设法爬上这座山。 (8) need ①v.需要②情态动词时,无人称和数的变化,意为“必须”后面跟V原型用法:need to do sth. 需要做某事need sth. 需要某物 例句:He needs some help. 他需要一些的帮助。(做动词)注意不要弄混淆He need finish the homework. 他必须要完成家庭作业。(做情态动词) (9)do one’s best to do sth.= try one’s best to do sth. 努力去做某事 例句:I will do/try my best to study English. (10) believe sb. 相信某人(所说的话)believe in sb. 信任某人 例句:I believe him, but I can not believe in him. 我相信他的话,但是我不信任他。(11) keep doing sth. 坚持做某事keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事 keep on doing sth. 继续干某事 (12) be angry with sb. 生某人的气 例句:Don’t be angry with others. 不要总是对别人生气。 (13) with the help of sb.= with one’s help 在某人的帮助下 例句:With the help of the teacher, he did better.= With teacher’s help, he did better. (14)be sure(that ) +从句意为:确信 be sure to do sth. 确信要做某事be sure about sth. 对某事确信 例句:I am sure that you can do well in the middle exam. I am sure to finish the task. I am not sure about the answer. (15) turn down 把……调小turn up 把……调大turn on/off 打开/关闭 (16) hear sb. do sth 听见某人做某事hear sb. doing sth 听见某人正在做某事 (17) be important to sb. 对某人是重要的 (18) busy adj. 忙碌的 用法:be busy with sth. be busy doing sth. (19) enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 例句:He joins reading very much. 他非常喜欢读书。 (20) have a history of + 时间段表示有多长的历史 例句:China has a history of more than 5000 years. (21)a 15-year-old girl 一个15岁的女孩(注意year 没有加S) (22) 系动词有get, turn, make, sound, 这些系动词的后面跟形容词 get tired/hungry 感到疲劳/变饿turn green 变绿 make strong 变的强壮sound interesting 听起来很有趣 (23) instead of 代替…… 例句:Let’s stay at home watching TV instead of going to the movie. (24) have fun =enjoy oneself =have a good time 玩得高兴,玩得愉快 have great fun doing sth. 非常快乐的做某事 相关联系,单项选择 1.Would you mind if I shut(关) the door? A.Y es, please. B.Ok. Do as you like C. That’s all right. D. Of course not. Do please. 2. Do you mind ____ up the music? A. to turn B. turning C. turn D to turning 3.Learning English well is important ___ you . A . for B. to C. of D. with 4.Would you mind if _________my bike here? A.I put B. I putting C. me put D. my putting 5.Y our MP4 is nice. Where did you buy ____ ? I want to buy ________. A one, one B it, it C it , one D. one, it 6. Ann is only _______________ girl, but she can speak English well. A.8—years--- old B. a 8—years old C.an 8—year--- old D. 8 years old 7. Li Ping did not go shopping. He went skating _________. A. of instead B instead of C instead D take the place 8. Do you mind __________ the window ? A. I close B. I closing C. me close D . my closing 9. I want to be a basketball player. So I enjoy ______ basketball every day. A. practice to play B. play the C. practicing playing D playing the 10. Could you please ____ me around ? ------Sure. A. to follow B. follow C. following D followed 11. ______ the help of mother, I can cook (煮饭). A Under B Using C. With D. By be with 与…在一起 be afraid 恐怕 be free 有空 see you then 再见 for the first time 第一次 win the first gold medal赢得第一枚金牌get 28 gold medals获得28枚金牌 the winner of….. ….的获胜者 every four years 每四年;每隔三年 a symbol of …一种……的象征stand for 代表 do morning exercises做早操 at least 至少 be fond of (doing)sth. 喜欢(做)某事