2015年上海市高中地理学业水平考试合格考 (1)

2015年上海市高中地理学业水平考试合格考 (1) 2015年上海市普通高中学业水平考试合格考 地理试卷 本试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟 一、选择题(共80分，每小题2分。每小题只有一个正确答案。) 1. “一带一路”是圆梦之路，对密切我国与沿线国家和地区之间经济联系意义重大。通过与西欧 国家的合作，我国可以 A(进口大量的石油资源 B(输出大量的剩余劳力 C(出口先进的工业技术 D(拓宽产品的销售市场 2. 在乡间，在晴朗的夜晚，仰望苍穹，繁星满天。这些星星基本上是 A(恒星 B(行星 C(卫星 D(彗星 3. 2015年6月20日(农历五月初五)是传统的端午节。由此推算，今天(6月29日)晚上的月 相大致是 4. “日出东方，其道大光”。从地球科学角度看，一年中太阳从正东方升起的日子是 ?春分日 ?夏至日 ?秋分日 ?冬至日 A(?? B(?? C(?? D(?? 5. 日常生活中使用的时间为区时。新加坡(约104?E, 1?N)使用的应该是 A(东6区区时 B(东7区区时 C(东8区区时 D(东9区区时 6. 农历24节气是我国古代劳动人民从季事农业生产的依据。24节气的更替周期应该是 A(恒星月 B(恒星年 C(朔望月 D(回归年 7. 尼泊尔大地震后，我国科学家发现珠峰向西南方向偏移了大约3厘米。获得此测量结果运用的 主要工具是 A(全球定位系统 B(遥感技术系统 C(地理信息系统 D(无线遥控系统 8. 地面GPS装置必须接收到足够数量卫星的信号，才能计算出自己的位置。如果要知道运动中的 物体位置和速度，所需卫星数量至少为 A(2颗 B(3颗 C(4颗 D(5颗 is an effective shortcut to scientific and technological innovation. To active exploration "research" joint innovation of path, through joint development, and technology cooperation, variety form, will University Hospital by of hi-tech results in I County for into, formed reality productivity; to relies on technology cooperation led economic structure upgrade, around I County industry layout, active docking University, and research hospital by, hi-tech research results, with external think tank, speed up transformation upgrade chemical, and mechanical, traditional industry, speed up life paper, and food, and textile, and mechanical tool, new products development, and technology development, and New process innovation, promoted related industry by single products to diversified extends, by General products to high-end products extends, promoted industry expanded capacity, and upgrade grade, nine Xin day of in cosmetics industry has near ten years of accumulation, and Nanjing Institute cooperation for industry upgrade, both joint development of "Chinese God SOAP", take "micro-business" mode for letter sale, products innovation and sales mode innovation are brings has good of benefits; to 9. 右图为某地区地形图(等高线单位:m)。图中甲所示的小 区域为 A(平缓的山头 B(山间小盆地 C(平缓的山脊 D(狭长的山谷 10. 台湾天然温泉分布众多，主要原因是这里处在 A(太平洋板块与印度洋板块的消肖亡界 B(太平洋板块与亚欧板块的消亡界 C(太平洋板块与印度洋板块的生长界 D(太平洋板块与亚欧板块的生长界 11. 白山天池附近的岩石矿物颗粒非常细小，表面有气孔。该岩石属于 A(侵入岩 B(沉积岩 C(喷出岩 D(变质岩 12. 右图为某曲流景观图。图中河流发生侧蚀作用的地点是 A(甲 B(乙 C(丙 D(丁 13. 重庆是我国著名的山城，整个城市前位于山坡上，高低起 伏，错落有致。导致这种城市空间格局的主要因素是 A(地表形态 B(交通条件 C(森林分布 D(水源分布 14. 右图为某海域洋流示意图，其中属于风海流 的是 ?南赤道暖流 ?本格拉寒流 ?西风漂流 ?巴西暖流 A(?? B(?? C(?? D(?? 15. 根据《联合国海洋法公约》，一国在其专属经济区内独自享有的权利是 A(铺设海底电缆 B(海域上空飞行 C(海上自由航行 D(自然资源开发 16. 位于墨西哥湾暖流和拉布拉多寒流交汇处的渔场是 A(北海道渔场 B(北海渔场 C(秘鲁渔场 D(纽芬兰渔场 17. 以冰川和积雪融水补给为主的河流，主要分布在我国 A(华南地区 B(西南地区 C(西北地区 D(东北地区 18. 目前的技术条件下，人类广泛使用的淡水主要是 A(河水、湖泊水、地下水 B(雨水、淡水湖泊水、地下水 C(河水、冰川、浅层地下水 D(河水、淡水湖泊水、浅层地下水 is an effective shortcut to scientific and technological innovation. To active exploration "research" joint innovation of path, through joint development, and technology cooperation, variety form, will University Hospital by of hi-tech results in I County for into, formed reality productivity; to relies on technology cooperation led economic structure upgrade, around I County industry layout, active docking University, and research hospital by, hi-tech research results, with external think tank, speed up transformation upgrade chemical, and mechanical, traditional industry, speed up life paper, and food, and textile, and mechanical tool, new products development, and technology development, and New process innovation, promoted related industry by single products to diversified extends, by General products to high-end products extends, promoted industry expanded capacity, and upgrade grade, nine Xin day of in cosmetics industry has near ten years of accumulation, and Nanjing Institute cooperation for industry upgrade, both joint development of "Chinese God SOAP", take "micro-business" mode for letter sale, products innovation and sales mode innovation are brings has good of benefits; to 19. 下列河流中，径流量季节分配比较均匀的河流是 A(长江 B(恒河 C(尼罗河 D(亚马孙河 20. 中低纬度地区对流层厚度随季节而明显变化，厚度最大的季节是夏季。原因是夏季 A(近地面大气吸收地面辐射强，对流旺盛 B(近地面大气反射作用较强，对流旺盛 C(近地面大气逆辐射作用较强，对流旺盛 D(近地面大气散射作用较强，对流旺盛 21. 非洲大草原上，大型动物随干湿季变化进行一年一度的大迁徙。这种大迁徙发生在 A(热带季风气候区 B(热带雨林气候区 C(热带沙漠气候区 D(热带稀树草原气候区 22. 下图为中央气象台发布的某城市某年连续4天的天气预报。据图判断，这一期间影响该城市的 天气系统为 A(气旋 B(暖锋 C(冷锋 D(暖性高压 23. 大气污染可以跨国界发生影响。大气洁净的北欧曾经深受酸雨的危害，其主要原因是 ?某些西欧国家污染物排放量大 ?受中纬西风带影响 ?某些东欧国家污染物排放量大 ?受极地东风带影响 A(?? B(?? C(?? D(?? 24. 经过长期努力，上海蓝天白云的日子越来越多。2014年空气质量优、良的天数合计达76.99%， 重度污染的天数仅占1.10%。上海重度污染的主要类型和发生季节主要是 A(PM2.5，秋季 B(PM2.5，冬季 C(PM10，秋季 D，PM10，冬季 25. 右图为某国某年人口金字塔图。由图可 见，该国 ?人口规模持续扩大 ?劳动人口严重不足 ?人口自然增长率下降 ?0,4岁儿童男女比例失调 A(?? B(?? C(?? D(?? is an effective shortcut to scientific and technological innovation. To active exploration "research" joint innovation of path,上海市教育考试院 保留版权 through joint development, and technology cooperation, variety form, will University Hospital by of hi-tech results in I Count高中学业合格考试2015 地理 第y for into, formed reality productivity; to relies on technology cooperation led economic structure upgrade, around I County in 3 页(共 8 页) dustry layout, active docking University, and research hospital by, hi-tech research results, with external think tank, speed up transformation upgrade chemical, and mechanical, traditional industry, speed up life paper, and food, and textile, and mechanical tool, new products development, and technology development, and New process innovation, promoted related industry by single products to diversified extends, by General products to high-end products extends, promoted industry expanded capacity, and upgrade grade, nine Xin day of in cosmetics industry has near ten years of accumulation, and Nanjing Institute cooperation for industry upgrade, both joint development of "Chinese God SOAP", take "micro-business" mode for letter sale, products innovation and sales mode innovation are brings has good of benefits; to 26. 加拿大很多地方人烟十分稀少，其主要原因是 A(水资源分布不均 B(地形以山地为主 C(气候寒冷 D(交通不便 27. 我国西部地区人口容量明显小于东部地区，其首要原因是 A(开放程度低 B(水资源匮乏 C(人均消费水平低 D(科技水平低 28. 下图为2013年中、美、日、德四国劳动就业人口中完成高等教育和中等教育人口的比例。由 图可以推测，与其他三国相比，未来我国劳 动就业人口中接受过 A(中等教育的人口可能不足 B(中等教育的人口可能过剩 C(高等教育的人口可能不足 D(高等教育的人口可能过剩 29. 上海吸引美国迪斯尼乐园落户的主要优势条件是 ?人口素质高 ?消费市场大 ?交通较便捷 ?建设速度快 A(?? B(?? C(?? D(?? 30. 上海市静安区为中心城区，没有大卖场，因为这里 A(地租较高 B(交通拥挤 C(人口密度高 D(商业集聚高 31. 哈密瓜原产于新疆，如今上海金山区的农技人员引进新的品种，采用挂架式种植方式，成功移 植哈密瓜。这项试验说明农业科学技术可以改变当地的 ?农业生产方式 ?农业自然环境 ?农业地域类型 ?农产品结构 A(?? B(?? C(?? D(?? 32. 浙江遂昌县山区农民，利用“互联网+农产品”模式开展农产品销售。这体现了农业区位影响 因素的变化，其中变化最明显的因素是 A(国家政策 B(科学技术 C(交通运输 D(市场需求 33. 每年5、6月间，可以看到我国华北地区自南向北展开大规模机械化庄稼收割。这主要得益于 该区 ?小麦种植为主 ?雨热同期 ?土壤肥沃 ?平原广阔 A(?? B(?? C(?? D(?? 34. 去西班牙旅游的中国游客往往喜欢购买当地的葡萄酒、橄榄油等特产。这表明西班牙部分地区 农业属于 A(高度发达的商品化混合农业 B(地中海型农业 C(热带种植园农业 D(旱作农业 is an effective shortcut to scientific and technological innovation. To active exploration "research" joint innovation of path, through joint development, and technology cooperation, variety form, will University Hospital by of hi-tech results in I County for into, formed reality productivity; to relies on technology cooperation led economic structure upgrade, around I County industry layout, active docking University, and research hospital by, hi-tech research results, with external think tank, speed up transformation upgrade chemical, and mechanical, traditional industry, speed up life paper, and food, and textile, and mechanical tool, new products development, and technology development, and New process innovation, promoted related industry by single products to diversified extends, by General products to high-end products extends, promoted industry expanded capacity, and upgrade grade, nine Xin day of in cosmetics industry has near ten years of accumulation, and Nanjing Institute cooperation for industry upgrade, both joint development of "Chinese God SOAP", take "micro-business" mode for letter sale, products innovation and sales mode innovation are brings has good of benefits; to 35. 在上海新一轮产业转型升级中，有人提出保留钢铁企业的总部和研发机构，将其生产基地转移 出上海。能够支持这一建议的理由是上海 ?有足够数量的高素质工人 ?环境较好，水资源充足 ?能源、矿产资源匮乏 ?研发基础好，能力强 A(?? B(?? C(?? D(?? 36. 2015年我国与多个国家签署了双边自由贸易协定，这有利于我国 A(获得国际贸易规则制定权 B(增加商品出口总量 C(提高进口商品的技术标准 D(降低进口商品关税 37. 现代交通运输是第三产业的重要部门，其发展方向是高速化、物流化、专业化、大型化。下列 运输中，体现现代交通运输大型化特点的是 A(管道运输 B(高铁运输 C(航空货运 D(集装箱运输 38. 坎儿井是我国古代劳动人民利用水资源的伟大工程，它是我国 A(内蒙古草原文化的独特景观 B(黄土高原文化的独特景观 C(新疆荒漠一绿洲文化的独特景观 D(云贵高原文化的独特景观 39. 广东人经常喝凉茶，四川人喜欢吃麻辣。造成这种饮食文化差异的主要自然因素是 A(地形 B(气候 C(土壤 D(植被 40. 海派旗袍惊艳米兰世博园，展示出中华女性风韵和气度。旗袍本是满族妇女的服装，经过改良 已成为我国现代女性的国服。它体现了不同文化的 A(整合 B(分化 C(同化 D(替代 is an effective shortcut to scientific and technological innovation. To active exploration "research" joint innovation of path,上海市教育考试院 保留版权 through joint development, and technology cooperation, variety form, will University Hospital by of hi-tech results in I Count高中学业合格考试2015 地理 第y for into, formed reality productivity; to relies on technology cooperation led economic structure upgrade, around I County in 5 页(共 8 页) dustry layout, active docking University, and research hospital by, hi-tech research results, with external think tank, speed up transformation upgrade chemical, and mechanical, traditional industry, speed up life paper, and food, and textile, and mechanical tool, new products development, and technology development, and New process innovation, promoted related industry by single products to diversified extends, by General products to high-end products extends, promoted industry expanded capacity, and upgrade grade, nine Xin day of in cosmetics industry has near ten years of accumulation, and Nanjing Institute cooperation for industry upgrade, both joint development of "Chinese God SOAP", take "micro-business" mode for letter sale, products innovation and sales mode innovation are brings has good of benefits; to 二、综合分析题(共20分) (一)读我国水分盈亏量时空变化的图文资料，回答问题。(10分) 材料:地理上用水分盈亏量来表示一个地区的干湿状况。水分盈亏量为降水量和蒸发量之差～当其大于0时～水分有盈余～气候湿润, 当其小于0时～水分处于亏缺状态～气候干旱,当其等于0时～表示水分收支平衡。 41. 我国年水分盈亏量空间分布特征表现为由东南向西北__________。由此可以推测，我国水资源 地区分布的基本特征是由东南向西北___________。(2分) 42. 概述我国冬季水分盈亏量状况，并从气候角度分析其原因。(2分) 43. 分别概述珠江流域6、7月水分盈亏特点，并从东部雨带进退的角度分析其主要原因。(6分) is an effective shortcut to scientific and technological innovation. To active exploration "research" joint innovation of path, through joint development, and technology cooperation, variety form, will University Hospital by of hi-tech results in I County for into, formed reality productivity; to relies on technology cooperation led economic structure upgrade, around I County industry layout, active docking University, and research hospital by, hi-tech research results, with external think tank, speed up transformation upgrade chemical, and mechanical, traditional industry, speed up life paper, and food, and textile, and mechanical tool, new products development, and technology development, and New process innovation, promoted related industry by single products to diversified extends, by General products to high-end products extends, promoted industry expanded capacity, and upgrade grade, nine Xin day of in cosmetics industry has near ten years of accumulation, and Nanjing Institute cooperation for industry upgrade, both joint development of "Chinese God SOAP", take "micro-business" mode for letter sale, products innovation and sales mode innovation are brings has good of benefits; to (二)读长三角都市圈相关的图文资料，回答问题。(10分) 材料:马鞍山市位于安徽省东部～长江下游南岸～铁矿资源丰富～为我国重要的钢铁工业城市之一。 44. 据我国城市体系划分，长三角都市圈第一级城市上海为全国性中心城市;第二级南京和杭州为 ___________;第三级为省内区域中心城市，如宁波、苏州、无锡等;第四级为县级中心城市， 如_______________等。(2分) 45. 2012年长三角都市圈部分城市的三大产业结构显示，上海、杭州、南京的第________产业比重 超过50%，表明这些城市具备了较强的现代服务功能;多数城市的产业结构以第二产业为主， 表明该地区仍然是我国重要的___________基地;舟山第一产业比重较大，原因可能是______ ________________________。(3分) 46. 在长三角都市圈中，马鞍山市的第二产业比重较大。分析马鞍山市发展钢铁工业的区位优势。 (3分) 47. 江苏泰州城市化率从2008年的49.1%快速提升为2012年的58.7%。分析泰州快速城市化的有 利条件。(2分) is an effective shortcut to scientific and technological innovation. To active exploration "research" joint innovation of path,上海市教育考试院 保留版权 through joint development, and technology cooperation, variety form, will University Hospital by of hi-tech results in I Count高中学业合格考试2015 地理 第y for into, formed reality productivity; to relies on technology cooperation led economic structure upgrade, around I County in 7 页(共 8 页) dustry layout, active docking University, and research hospital by, hi-tech research results, with external think tank, speed up transformation upgrade chemical, and mechanical, traditional industry, speed up life paper, and food, and textile, and mechanical tool, new products development, and technology development, and New process innovation, promoted related industry by single products to diversified extends, by General products to high-end products extends, promoted industry expanded capacity, and upgrade grade, nine Xin day of in cosmetics industry has near ten years of accumulation, and Nanjing Institute cooperation for industry upgrade, both joint development of "Chinese God SOAP", take "micro-business" mode for letter sale, products innovation and sales mode innovation are brings has good of benefits; to 2015年上海市普通高中学业水平考试合格考 地理试卷 答案要点及评分标准 一、选择题(共80分，每小题2分。每小题只有一个正确答案。) 01(D 02(A 03(C 04(B 05(B 06(D 07(A 08(C 09(B 10(B 11(C 12(C 13(A 14(A 15(D 16(D 17(C 18(D 19(D 20(A 21(D 22(C 23(A 24(B 25(C 26(C 27(B 28(A 29(B 30(A 31(D 32(B 33(D 34(B 35(C 36(B 37(D 38(C 39(B 40(A 二、综合分析题(共20分) 考生回答合理可酌情给分。 (一)(10分) 41(递减(1分); 递减(1分) (状况:我国冬季普遍表现为水分亏缺(1分)。 42 原因:冬季，我国大部分地区受干冷的冬季风影响大，降水少，水分亏缺明显(1分)。 43(6月中旬水分盈余量最大(1分)，这是因为夏季风影响下(1分),5月到6月上旬雨带主要位 于珠江流域(1分); 7月水分盈余量下降(1分)，这是因为6月以后雨带北上(1分)，珠江流域受副热带高压控制， 晴热少雨，水分盈余量显著下降(1分)。 (二)(10分) 44(省会城市(1分);德清(溧阳)(1分)。 45(三(1分);制造业(1分);舟山渔业资源丰富，海洋捕鱼业比重大(1分)。 46:马鞍山位于南京都市圈和长江沿岸，水陆交通便利;铁矿资源丰富;市场广大;劳动力价格相 对较低。(任答三点即可，每点1分，共3分) 47(位于南京都市圈，临近上海都市圈，受两大城市的辐射带动作用(1分);第二产业发展较快， 有利于吸纳较多农村剩余劳动力(1分)。 is an effective shortcut to scientific and technological innovation. To active exploration "research" joint innovation of path, through joint development, and technology cooperation, variety form, will University Hospital by of hi-tech results in I County for into, formed reality productivity; to relies on technology cooperation led economic structure upgrade, around I County industry layout, active docking University, and research hospital by, hi-tech research results, with external think tank, speed up transformation upgrade chemical, and mechanical, traditional industry, speed up life paper, and food, and textile, and mechanical tool, new products development, and technology development, and New process innovation, promoted related industry by single products to diversified extends, by General products to high-end products extends, promoted industry expanded capacity, and upgrade grade, nine Xin day of in cosmetics industry has near ten years of accumulation, and Nanjing Institute cooperation for industry upgrade, both joint development of "Chinese God SOAP", take "micro-business" mode for letter sale, products innovation and sales mode innovation are brings has good of benefits; to