临沂一中

临沂一中 Unit 2 Healthy eating 临沂一中 李丰利 杨晓 Part One Reading 【学海导航】 I. Match the words with their proper meanings. 1. diet A. a strong desire to know about something 2. customer B. to change food into substances that your body can use 3. digest C. to come together to form a single thing or group 4. slim D. to go to somebody for information or advice 5. curiosity E. thin, in a way that is attractive 6. combine F. a person or an organization that buys something from a 7. benefit shop or store 8. limit G. a helpful and useful effect that something has 9. consult H. to stop something from increasing beyond a particular 10. strength amount or level I. the quality of being physically strong J. the food that you eat and drink regularly II. Try to translate the proverbs. ?You are what you eat. 人如其食. ?An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一个苹果,医生不来找我. ?First wealth is health. 健康是人生的第一财富.. III. Background reading (Read the following passage and learn about more information about the healthy diet.) The Healthy Diet Pyramid There is no way for a healthy diet which works for everyone, but scientists know a lot about what causes illnesses like heart disease and diabetes(糖尿病). Learning about plans like the Healthy Diet Pyramid can help to avoid these illnesses. The Healthy Diet Pyramid is just a guide to what is good to eat and what is not. It suggests the correct combination of foods you can eat each day to get the number of calories and nutrients you need. Foods can be split into four major groups and ideally we should eat some from each group on a daily basis. The ones we should eat least are at the top of the Healthy Diet Pyramid and these are oils, fats, sugar and salt. Next are foods which come mostly from animals: meat, poultry(禽肉), fish, eggs, yoghurt, cheese. These foods are rich in protein, calcium, iron and zinc(锌). The third level of the pyramid contains vegetables and fruits. Many people need to eat more of these than they do now, because they supply essential vitamins, minerals and fiber. At the very bottom of the pyramid and in the largest group of foods are those which come from grains: rice, noodles, cereals(谷类食物) and pasta(意大利面食). These foods should be the largest part of the foods you eat each day because they provide an important source of energy, as well as vitamins, minerals and fiber. You may think that foods which come from grains are fattening, but in fact it is the way you cook them that is fattening. You should have between five and seven servings of grain foods a day. Fruit and vegetables should be eaten at least twice a day; meat and other proteins two to three times a day. Here are extra tips. Trim the fat off meat and broil, roast, stew or grill it rather than fry. Try to eat a low amount of egg yoke(蛋黄)which is high in cholesterol(胆固醇). You can use egg whites to increase quantity. Nuts and seeds contain a lot of fat, so try not to overeat these. All of them are food for thought! 【学习探究】 Passage One COME AND EAT HERE ( 1 ) I. Ask the students to read the text quickly for the first time and find out the main idea of the text. What‘s the main idea of the text? ( ) A. The two restaurants supplied the healthy diet. B. The reason why Yong Hui‘s restaurant was so popular with customers. C. Wang Pengwei found out why he had lost his customers and decided to win them back. II. Ask the students to read the text again carefully to obtain some details. Decide which sentences are true. Then correct the false ones. 1. Usually Wang Pengwei‘s restaurant was full of people. ( ) 2. Yong Hui served a balanced diet. ( ) 3. Yong Hui could make people thin in two weeks by giving them a good diet. ( ) 4. Wang Pengwei‘s customers often became fat after eating in his reataurant. ( ) 5. Yong Hui‘s menu gives them energy foods. ( ) 6. Wang Pengwei‘s menu gives them foods containing fiber. ( ) 7. Wang Pengwei admired Yong Hui‘s restaurant when he saw the menu. ( ) 8. Wang Pengwei decided to copy Yong Hui‘s menu. ( ) III. Read the text carefully and then fill in the chart. Name Advantages Disadvantages Wang Pengwei‘s restaurant Yong Hui‘s restaurant IV. Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text. 1. Wang Pengwei sat in his empty restaurant feeling very frustrated. This sentence means that the second action ―feeling very frustrated‖ happened together with the main action ―sat‖. Pay attention to the form (v-ing) of the second action. 2. Nothing could have been better. This sentence tells us that everything has worked out the way you would like. It‘s a sentence that we can use in any situation. 3. He couldn’t have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies! This sentence means that he will punish Yong Hui for her telling lies. 【自我测评】 I. Word spelling 1. The professor is doing r _______on a kind of animal dying out. 2. The c________ are crowding into the store to buy Christmas gifts. 3. They should c _________ the scholar for their confusion. 4. This medicine is of b________ to patients. 5. Most of the children are full of c_______. 6. I haven‘t the s________ to lift the table. 7. Young people usually have more e________ than the old. 8. We had only ________(有限的)communication with the natives. II. About the text Complete the following sentences according to the text. 1. (到现在这个时候) his restaurant (应该) be full of people. 2. Something terrible (一定是发生了) if Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant . (正如他总是做 的那样) 3. Wang Peng (对……感到吃惊) this and especially at the price. 4. At the library Wang Peng (惊奇地发现……) that his restaurant served (太多的) fat and Yong Hui‘s far too little. 【拓展提高】 Study the following passage and finish the tasks below it Hi, there! I‘m Crystal Collins, and I‘m very happy to share some time with you. So, you want to keep fit, huh? Well, you surely came to the right place. Together we can keep fit and healthy, and succeed in doing that. It‘s easy. Everybody can do it, you hear? Just remember the five golden rules. Number one Always wear comfortable clothes when you are exercising. You need to feel comfortable and relaxed. Number two You should always do some warming up exercises first, to get your body ready for the real thing. Number three Never try to do too much exercise too soon. Take it nice and easy now, you hear? There‘s no rush about this. Number four Don‘t forget to relax for about five minutes when you‘ve finished your exercise. You need to rest a little bit after you‘ve been exercising. And here is golden rule number five. Stop at once if you feel any pain in your neck, head or any part of your body. 1. Crystal Collins may most probably be _________. A. a teacher B. a doctor C. a policeman D. a scientist 2. Crystal Collins may most probably say this ________. A. before the exercise starts B. when the exercise is over C. during the exercise D. as soon as the exercise has started. 3. What does the underlined part ―Take it nice and easy‖ (in Paragraph4) mean? A. Don‘t be nervous. B. Exercise should be beautiful. C. Have a good rest. D. Don‘t exercise too much. 4. Which of the following is NOT true about exercising? A. You should do some warming-up exercises before the real thing. B. You should wear comfortable clothes. C. You should rest for a while when you are doing warming-up exercises. D. You should stop if you feel any pain in your body. Passage Two COME AND EAT HERE ( 2 ) I. Read the passage quickly and say what Wang Peng and Yong Hui did with their menu. They combine their menu and provide a balanced one. 1. raw vegetables with 2. the potatoes, not fried 3. with ice cream 4. cut down the 5. increase the II. Read the text again and discuss the following question in groups. In what way can we eat healthy? III. Try to understand the following sentences: 1. …I know that you came to spy on me and my menu. ……我知道你只是过来打探我和我的菜谱的。 spy on 暗中监视;侦察 2. …before long Wang Peng became slimmer and Yong Hui put on more weight. ……王鹏很快就瘦了,而雍慧却胖了。 Before long 是介词短语,在句中作状语,意思是 ―不久以后; 很快‖。 put on weight 是 ―体重增加‖的意思。 Part Two Language Study 【学海导航】 I. Write out the words in Column A according to the meanings in Column B. Column A Column B 1.______ A. something that is owed; the condition of owing 2. ______ B. to make two sides or forces equal 3. ______ C. usual daily food and drink 4. ______ D. to mix or bring together 5. ______ E. to reduce the size, amount or number of sth. 6. ______ F. to look at sb./sth. in an angry way 7. ______ G. to do sth. wrong and not be punished for it 8. ______ H. to get money for living from the work that you do 9. ______ I. to stop something from increasing beyond a particular amount or level II. Fill the blanks with the phrases we’ve learned. 1. 如果他知道了学习的好处, 就不会对它感到厌烦了. If he knows the ______ ______ studying, then he ______ ______ ______ ______ it. 2. 我认为你应该看医生. I think you______ ______ ______ the doctor. 3. 我们要诚实待人,去掉说谎的习惯. We should be honest with others and ______ ______ ______ the habit of ______ ______. 4. 他们没有打架,但是站在那里怒视着对方. They didn‘t fight, but stood there _______ _______ each other. 5. 如果你在考试中作弊,那是不可能被放过的. If you cheat in the exam, you won‘t be able to ______ ______ ______ it. 【学习探究】 I. Words and expressions 1. Everybody has to eat, but do you eat a healthy diet? 每个人都得吃饭, 但是您是否再进行 健康的饮食? 日常饮食/饮食习惯 点拨diet n. e.g. A good diet can help you keep the doctor away. 好的饮食习惯可以让你保持健康。 拓展 be on a diet/go on a diet 节食 e.g. You're skinny enough without going on a diet! 你不必节食就已经够瘦的了! e.g. I'm supposed to go on a diet. 我应该节食。 e.g. He is on a diet to lose some weight. 他正在节食以减轻体重。 diet vt./ vi. 节食;吃限定食物 e.g. The doctor has dieted the patient strictly. 医生严格规定病人的饮食。 e.g. No sugar in my coffee, please; I'm dieting. 请不要给我的咖啡放糖,我在节食。 运用填空 1) I decide to go on a diet before my holiday = I decide to before my holiday. 我决定在假期之前节食。 选择正确答案 2) —Will you have some dessert, Judy? — A. No, thank you. I‘m on a diet. B. Yes, I‘ve had enough. C. You are so good at making it. D. Oh, I‘m full. 3) Going on a ______ has become a fashion among many young girls who wish to keep slim. A. figure B. weight C. diet D. menu 2. What will happen to you if you don‘t eat a balanced diet? 如果你没有均衡的饮食,会发生什 么? 点拨balanced adj.均衡的 拓展 1)balance n. 平衡 off balance失去平衡 out of balance不平衡 e.g. The little boy run so fast that he was thrown off his balance and fell over.那个小孩跑的太 快了，身体一下失去了平衡，跌倒在地。 e.g. The luggage must be carefully placed，or the bike will out of balance.得好好放行李，否 则自行车保持不了平衡。 2) balance v. 称,平衡 e.g. He balanced the fish.他把鱼称了称。 e.g. Can you balance yourself on skates,你穿了冰鞋能保持身体平衡吗, 3)介词词组on balance 意为―总的说来‖。 e.g. On balance，the plan seems to be well worth trying.总的说来，这个 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 似乎很值得试 一试。 运用翻译下列句子 1)一个物者要有良好的平衡感。 ___________________________________________________. 2)保持友谊的重点在于生活中你要平衡自己的生活和友谊。 ___________________________________________________. 3. They would become tired very quickly.他们将会很快感到厌倦。 点拨tired adj.疲倦的，厌倦的 拓展get tired of 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示“对……感到厌倦” e.g. I got tired of what I did and threw up my job. 我对工作感到厌倦所以辞去了工作。 e.g. I get tired of hearing my parents‘ whiny voice. 我对父母嘀咕不停的声音感到厌烦。 get tired from表示“因……感到劳累/厌倦” e.g. I was still tired from my trip to Hangzhou. 由于旅行去杭州我仍然感到劳累。 e.g. My eyes were tired from being focused on the light box for so long. 我们眼睛因为长时间 的盯灯箱而劳累。 tiresome adj.令人厌倦的，使人疲倦的，吃力的 a very tiresome lecture令人极其厌烦的讲演 a tiresome job一件吃力的工作 运用(1) 选择正确答案 Mr. Smith, _____of the _____ lecture, started to read a story. A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring (2)根据汉语提示完成句子 1) 我厌倦了日复一日的做这样的工作。 I ______ ______ ______ doing this work day after day. 2) 那个年轻人因为日夜工作而厌倦了。 The young man ______ ______ ______ working all day and all night. 4. She did not consult a doctor but lived on a diet of rice, raw vegetables, bananas and lemons.她没有咨询医生，而是吃大米、生的蔬菜、香蕉和柠檬。 (1)点拨consult vt. ?to seek advice or information of 请教咨询,向…请教或咨询 consult an attorney. 请教律师 ?to refer to 查阅 consult a telephone directory for the number. 在电话簿上查找号码 ?to take into account; consider: 顾及;考虑 consult one's checkbook before making a major purchase. 在进行大的购买行动之前先看看支票薄 vi. to exchange views 磋商,交换见 e.g. I know a retired executive who consults for several large companies. 我知道一个为几个大公司担任顾问的退休官员 拓展consult sb. on/ about sth. 向某人咨询某事,向……征求意见, 就……向……请教 I consulted with a friend on a matter. 我和朋友商量一件事。 (2)点拨live on 以为……主食,以……为生 e.g. People in south live mainly on rice.南方人主食大米。 e.g. They live on the mother‘s small income.他们靠母亲微薄的收入度日。 拓展live on继续存在(活着) live in生活在(后面应该加相对较大的地方比如国家 城市等) live at生活在(后面则是加相对较小的 比如说街道 区等) live by 以……为生(靠什么方式生存) live in China live in Wuhan live at Green street live at this road e.g. They live by fishing and hunting.他们靠打渔、打猎为生。 e.g. The poor lived by begging in old days.过去穷人们以乞讨为生。 As I live by bread! [口]一点不假～ live up to 实现诺言，做到 运用 1)We should work hard to ____ our own hands.. A. live up to B. live through C. live with D. live by 2)He is a boy of promise, and he never fails to ____ the expectation of his parents and teachers. A. live up with B. stand up with C. live up to D. stand up for 5. She didn‘t dare to face her boy friend and she was unwilling to visit her fiends any more. 她不敢面对她的男朋友也不愿意再去拜访其他朋友。 (1)点拨dare敢, 胆敢, 敢于面对, 敢冒险 1) dare用作实义动词，此时其后的动词不定式带to,否定句中可不带to，且dare有人称和数以及时态的变化。 e.g. I dare to jump down from the top of the wall. 我敢从那墙头上跳下来。 e.g. She doesn‘t dare (to) meet her teacher's eyes. 她不敢与老师对视。 2) dare用作情态动词，后跟动词原形，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。 e.g. How dare she do things like that to me? 她怎么敢对我做那种事? e.g. ,Dare you catch the mouse? 你敢去抓那只老鼠吗, ,I daren't do that. 我不敢抓。 e.g. If you dare say that to our teacher, I would vote for you. 如果你敢向我们的老师说那件事，我就投你一票。 拓展I dare say 是习惯说法(用于肯定句)，它所表示的是一种不肯定的语气，常译为―很可能‖、―大概‖、―我想‖等，有时用作反语。 e.g. I dare say (that ) you are right. 我想你是对的。 e.g. Oh, you mean to win, I dare say you will. 啊，你想打赢, 我且看你赢吧。 运用用dare的适当形式填空 1) The boy stood before the teacher, to look up. 2) I didn?t like their new house though I said so. 3) I ask her for a rise. 4) I wonder how he say such things. (2)点拨be unwilling to不愿意干某事 拓展be willing to愿意干某事 willingly adv.情愿地 e.g. I don't know whether he is willing to come. 我不知道他是否愿意来。 e.g. The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak. 心有余而力不足。 e.g. I'd like to buy your house if you are willing to sell it.如果你愿意卖的话，我想买你的房子。 运用翻译句子 1)她是办公室里埋头苦干的人，大部分的工作都交给她去做。 2)他是一个乐于帮忙的人。 3)你愿意帮忙吗, (3)点拨not any more不再=not any longer 拓展no longer / no more / not any longer / not any more 不再, 再也不 no (not any) longer 从时间上讲no (not any) more 从数量和程度上讲 1(no longer 与no more 这是一对近义词，都作―不再‖、―再也不‖(for no further period of time )解，一般可通用。 1)no more一般位于句末或句首，而no longer则可用于实义动词之前，助动词或联系动词之后，或者位于句尾。 e.g. He still smoked, but he drank no more. 他还在吸烟，但不再喝酒了。 e.g. They are no longer staying with us. 他们不再跟我们住在一起。 2) no more , not. . . any more, no longer = not. . . any longer. no more/ longer 是正式用法， not. . . any more/longer 比较自然。 e.g. I do not see him any more/any longer.我不能再看到他了。 e.g. I did not feel sick any more. 我不再感到恶心了。 3)no more (not. ..any more) 强调数量和程度，表示动作不再重复，一般指把现在的情况将来对比，即―现在如何,将来不这样‖ (now, but not in the future). no longer(not. . .any longer) 强 调时间，表示动作不再延缓，一般是现在的情况同过去对比，即―过去如何如何，现在不再 这样‖(once, but not now) 。 e.g. She is not a child any longer.= She is no longer a child. 她再也不是个孩子了。 e.g. I won't do such stupid things any more.= I'll do such stupid things no more.我(今后)再也不 干这种蠢事了。 运用填空 1) Bruce works in a company. He is a student. 2) She used to study English, but she doesn‘t study it . 3) I am afraid she doesn‘t live here . 4) ,Does Tom live here? ,No, he lives here. 5) He doesn't come here . 6. She did not look happy but glared at him.她看起来不高兴，而且瞪着他。 点拨glared at 瞪着看 e.g. They stopped arguing and glared at each other. 他们停止了争论,相互怒视着对方。 拓展glare stare gaze 1)glare是"怒视",表示愤怒地看; e.g. She gave the rude man a glare她瞪了那个粗鲁的人一眼。 2)stare表示一般意义上的盯着看,看得比较仔细,有时候也带有吃惊的意味去看,常于at, into等介词连用. e.g. Don't stare at me like that. 别那样盯着我看。 e.g. We stared at him in amazement. 我们惊奇地注视着他。 3)gaze有盯着看的意思,多用于近视眼的人看东西的那种,比较滑稽。 e.g. She turned to gaze admiringly at her husband. 她转过身来赞赏地凝视她的丈夫。 运用翻译句子 1)He turned his gaze to the new comer. 2)老人把不速之客上下打量了一番。 7. I don‘t want to upset you, but I found your menu so limited that I stopped worrying and started advertising the benefit of my food.我不想打击你，但我发现你的菜单太有限了，我不再担心， 而是开始为我的食品的优势做广告。 (1)点拨upset v. upset, upset , upsetting vt. 使心烦意乱e.g. The bad news upset me. 那则坏消息使我心烦意乱 adj. 心烦意乱的, 情绪或精神上苦恼的状态, 极其烦恼的 an upset stomach. 消化不良的胃 upset parents. 心烦意乱的父母 运用完成句子 1) Protesters by chanting and shouting. 2) 那则坏消息使我心烦意乱 (2)点拨limit n.限制 v. 限制 limited v. 有限的 limitation n. 限制 拓展Limit 指point 或 level 的限制，一般多指生活方面，如: age limit, weight limit. 还有驾驶方面使用频繁，如: 30 mph limit (限速 30英里/小时) limitation 多见与书面，多指法律法规条文的限制 如: limitations on water use. (3)点拨benefit n.利益;好处 e.g. It is said Yogo is of great benefit to human health. 据说瑜咖功对人体健康有极大好处。 e.g. I did it for his benefit. 我做这个是为了帮助他。 benefit v.(常与from, by连用)获益, 得益于 e.g, The plants benefited from the rain. 植物得益于这场雨。 e.g. We benefit from daily exercises. 我们得益于每天做操。 拓展固定搭配: for the benefit of为了...的好处 =for one‘s benefit beneficial adj.有益的，有好处的 be of benefit = beneficial 运用完成句子 We hope to your experience. 我们希望能借鉴你的经验。 Did you get new ways doing business? 你是否找到能从经营业务中获益的新 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 ? The farmers the advanced agricultural technologies. 农民从先进的农业技术中获益。 8. Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant feeling very frustrated. 王鹏坐在自己空空的店里感 到很懊恼。 点拨v.+ing 表伴随 拓展现在分词用作状语可表示原因、时间、伴随…… e.g. Nora stood at the bus stop, reading a newspaper. 若娜站在公共汽车站旁看报纸。 e.g. Olive came running to the building. 奥利尔跑步来到大楼前。 e.g. Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note. 因为没见有人在家，他决定给他们留个条。 运用 1) Hearing the news, their hearts were broken. 听到这个消息，他们心都碎了。 = (把现在分词变为状语从句) 2) He gave me a present, for his rudeness. A. apologizing B. apologized C. apology D. because 9. Nothing could be better.没有比这些更好。 点拨用比较级形式表最高级的意义 e.g.,How are you getting on? 你怎样, ,Nothing could have been better. 再好不过了。 e.g. He is taller than any other boy in his class. 他是班上最高的男生。 =he is the tallest boy in his class. 拓展形容词或副词的比较级常与等否定词连用表示 ―再……也不过了‖, ―没有比……更好 的了‖ e.g. I couldn‘t feel better now.我现在感觉再好不过了。 e.g. I couldn‘t agree with you more.我非常赞同您的观点。 运用完成句子 1) It‘s a good movie. I have ______ ______ ______ ______ (没看过比这更好的). 2) Look at your homework! It can‘t be ______ ______ (更糟了). 10. He could not have Young Hui getting away with telling people lies.他不能再容忍雍慧向 人们说谎而不受责备了。 (1)点拨have sb. doing容忍或允许(某事)发生 e.g. I won‘t have you saying so.我不能容忍你这么说。 拓展have，宾语，宾语补足语 have sb./sth. do 让某人/物做某事(还没做) have sb./sth. doing 让某人/物一直做某事(正在做) have sb./sth. done 让别人对某人/物施加某种行为(sb./sth.是动作的接受者) have sth. to do这一结构中的have意为―有‖，即―有某事要做‖ 运用 1.who did you have (paint) the wall yesterday, 2.I‘m sorry I can't help you because I have a lot of letters (answer)( 3.the villagers are going to have a new bridge (build) over the river( 4.who had the candle (burn) throughout the whole night, 5.,What can do for you? ,I have some clothes (wash). (2)点拨get away with vt. 侥幸做成(侥幸取走) e.g. I won't let him get away with that excuse. 我不会让他用那种借口蒙混过去。 e.g. His latest book is rubbish. He seems to think that because he's a famous author he can get away with murder! 他的近作粗制滥造. 他似乎自以为是名作家便可免遭物议! 拓展 get away with做了……而不受惩罚 get away from逃离……, 摆脱…… e.g. For such a serious offence he was lucky to get away with a fine. 他犯了那麽严重的过失, 却侥幸只交罚款了事。 e.g. If you cheat in the exam you'll never get away with it. 考试作弊必予追究。 e.g. I won‘t be able to get away from office before 7.我七点钟之前无法离开办公室。 (3)点拨lie n.谎言 e.g. tell sb. a lie说谎 a white lie善意的谎言 give the lie to sth揭穿……的虚伪 拓展 1) lie v.说谎 lie-lied-lied-lying 说谎，欺骗 lie to sb.向……说谎 2) lie-lay-lain-lying 躺下，位于 lie in在于，睡懒觉 let it lie(让一切顺乎自然)不干涉 lie down稍事休息，小睡 lie on依靠，全凭 lie to(船)逆风停止，抛锚 e.g. The trouble lies in the engine.问题出在引擎上。 e.g. My fortune lies on the result.我的命运全靠那项结果。 3) lay -laid -laid -laying 放置 / 下蛋 e.g. The hens don‘t lay eggs in cold weather.母鸡在天冷的时候不下蛋。 e.g. You may lay it on the table.你可以把它放在桌子上。 运用填空 1. The cat is ________ on the rug, next to the chair. 2. The cat often ________ on the rug when Marsha reads. 3. This cat has ________ here many times. 4. In fact, just last night he ________ here too while Marsha read. 5. The girl ________ on the ground ________ to me that had ________ the purse on the desk. II. Grammar 1. Study the rule Please pick out all the sentences containing modal verbs in the text. a. By lunchtime they would all be sold. ---It indicates possibility. b. His restaurant ought to be full of people. ---It indicates possibility. c. What could have happened? --- It indicates possibility. d. Nothing could have been better. --- It indicates possibility. e. Something terrible must have happened if Li Chang was not coming to eat with him as he always did. --- It indicates possibility. f. He could not believe his eyes. ---It indicates intension. g. He wondered if he should go to the library to find out. ---It indicates duty. h. He wouldn‘t have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies! ---It indicates intension. 2. Find the rule Modal Verbs情态动词 1. ought to/should/must 表示要求，命令时，语气由 should(应该)、had better(最好)、 must(必须)渐强。should 和ought to 都为应该的意思，可用于各种人称。 1) ought to(to不可丢) 应当, 应该 (强调客观) ? 表示有义务应该做某事, 还可以表示劝告或责备。 e.g. I ought to visit my sick friend more often. 我应该多去看看我生病的朋友。 ? ought to have done表示原本应该做而没做 e.g. Jim ought to have finished his homework on time. 吉姆本该按时完成家庭作业的。 ? oughtn‘t to have done表示原本不应该做却做了 e.g. You oughtn‘t to have quarreled with him.你本不该和他吵架。 2) should应当, 应该 (强调主观) ? 应当, 应该(同ought to) e.g. You shouldn‘t judge a stranger always by the clothes he wears. 你不该总是靠穿着来 判断陌生人。 ? should have +done表示应该做某事而实际上没做 e.g. You should have been here ten minutes ago. 你十分钟前就应该在这了。 ? shouldn‘t have + done 表示不应该做某事而实际上做了 e.g. You shouldn‘t have got up so late. 你本不该起的这么晚。 ? 用于虚拟语气的某些句型中 e.g. I suggested that we (should ) go out for a walk. 我建议我们出去散散步。 3) must ? 必须, 应该 (表示有做一动作的必要或义务 = be obliged to , have to) e.g. We must work, and above all we must believe in ourselves. 我们必须工作，最重要的是我们必须相信自己。 ? 一定, 准是 (表示推测，用于肯定句中) e.g. He must be a milkman. 他一定是个送奶的。 ? mustn‘t表示“禁止” e.g. You mustn‘t smoke in the dining hall.你禁止在餐厅里吸烟。 2. must / have to 1) 形式上: must 只有一种形式, have to 有多种时态和单复数形式 如: had to, has to don't have to = needn‘t have to = must 2) 意思上: must主观, have to客观 e.g. We must do the work well.我们必须把活干好。 e.g. In some cities, some people have to wear masks.在有些城市，人们不得不戴面纱。 3) 用must提问的时候: e.g. -Must we stay here till the sun rises? -Yes, we must -No, we needn‘t. / we don‘t have to. needn‘t 或don‘t have to (haven‘t got to )的意思是―不必‖, 而mustn‘t 的意思是―不允 许, 决不可以‖ e.g. You needn‘t be back by 10 o‘clock. 你没必要到十点钟的时候回来。 e.g. You don‘t have to be back by 10 o‘clock. 你并不是非得到十点钟的时候回来。 e.g. You mustn‘t make any noise at this time. 你决不可以在这时候弄出噪音。 3. can ( could) 1) 能, 会 (表示能力 = be able to ) e.g. He listened, but could hear nothing. 他听了，但什么都不能听到。 2) 可以 (表示允许, 但不如may 正式) e.g. —Can I smoke here? —Of course, you can. 3) 表示事实上有时候会 e.g. Don‘t throw the old books away. They can be very useful.不要吧书扔掉。它们可能 会用处很大。 4) can‘t表否定的推测(肯定推测用must) e.g. It can‘t be him, he was in Beijing yesterday.不可能是他，他昨天还在北京。 5) 区别 can / be able to 形式上: can 只有两种时态can / could, 但是be able to 有很多种 e.g. She has not been able to come to school for a whole week. 他有一整个星期没能上 学了。 意思上: can 是一种客观存在的可能， be able to 是拥有能力并使用, 经过一番努力 使之成为能力 e.g. Tom kept on studying English until he had mastered it so well that he was able to write one of his great works in English. 汤姆一直很努力的学英语，直到他掌握的很好 了并且能够写出一篇最好的英语作品。 e.g. He could swim, but he didn‘t jump into the water to save the girl. 他能游泳，但他没 跳进水里救那个女孩。 4. will/ would 1) will ?用于各人称, 不仅表示将来的时态, 而且表示有做某事的意志, 意愿, 决心或打算 e.g. I won‘t take up too much room. 我不会占据太多空间的。 ?在疑问句中用于第二人称时, 表示说话人向对方的有礼貌的请求 e.g. Will you give me a piece of paper? 请你给我张纸好吗, 2) would ?在疑问句中用于第二人称时, 表示说话人向对方的有礼貌的请求, 较will婉转客气 e.g. Would you please let me keep my notes? 您能让我做记录吗, ?表示过去习惯性的或反复发生的动作 (而used to do表示强调对比) e.g. Every morning he would go for a walk. 他每天早晨都散步。(也许现在还这样) e.g. She used to live in the countryside. But now she didn‘t. 她曾经住在农村, 现在不 了。 5. need 1) 当情态动词时, 用于否定和疑问句, 在肯定句中用must, have to, ought to 或should. e.g. —Need I do that right now? —Yes, you must. ( No, you needn‘t) e.g. You needn‘t worry about her. She will know how to take care of herself. 你没必要为 她担心，她知道怎么照顾自己。 e.g. We needn‘t go so early, need we? 我们没必要去那么早，是吗, 2) needn‘t have done 表示本不必做某事而实际上做了某事的意思 e.g. You needn‘t have waited for me. 你本没必要等我。 3) need作实义动词后接to do, 表示与主语的关系是主动的，若与主语的关系是被动的 则接doing / to be done e.g. I need to have a rest. 我需要休息。 e.g. The flowers need watering / to be watered. 花需要浇水了。 【自我测评】 I. 翻译 1. 现在，很多大学生都自食其力。( earn one‘s living ) 2. 如果你弹钢琴厌倦了，就休息一会儿。( get tired of ) 3(你认为他们能逃脱惩罚不受法律制裁吗,( get away with ) 4(那个男人总是在监视我们。( spy on ) 5(他不久以后就回中国了。( before long ) II. 单项选择 [拓展提高] 语法 1. You that letter to Mary. However, you didn‘t. A. ought to write B. ought to have written C. should write D. should be writing 2. — ____ we hand in our work this afternoon? — No, you needn‘t. A. Should B. Must C. Will D. May 3. It must have rained last night, ____ it? A. couldn‘t B. mustn‘t C. didn‘t D. hasn‘t 4. — I think Helen is at home. — No, she ____ be at home, for she phoned me from the airport just now. A. mustn‘t B. needn‘t C. can‘t D. dared not 5. Hurry up! Tom ____ for us at the gate. A. must wait B. must be waiting C. can be waited D. must have waited 6. Let‘s watch TV, ____? A. won‘t you B. will you C. shall we D. do you 7. He is happy. He ____ in his examination. A. mustn‘t have failed B. shouldn‘t have failed C. needn‘t have failed D. could not have failed 8. You ____ clean the window today if they are dirty. A. must B. need C. can D. will 9. It is suggested that we ____ everything ready by the end of the week. A. have got B. must get C. get D. be got 10. He ____ harder when he was young. A. had better study B. must study C. should have studied D. should study Part Three Listening and Speaking 【学海导航】 I. Learn about the healthy diet. II. Read the introduction to keeping fit. Nowadays, many people are much more aware of the importance of keeping fit than ever before .But what does it involve? And what does it really mean? In my views, it involves bodies and minds which were determined by what we eat. How do we live our lives? Our choice of leisure pursuits and we all need a certain amount of exercises to keep our health, regardless of lifestyle, age, or physical ability. Then maintaining the physical fitness is important for the following reasons. Maintaining a high level of physical fitness will give you a feeling of better health by increased energy and vitality, and make you feel better about yourself and your life. It helps the activities in your life easier to manage. It keeps your body in shape and keeps you looking good. And even makes your work more efficient and effectively;Maintaining a good standard of physical fitness will help you stay away from the diseases. Whereas, a great number of people find that it hard to keep fit. Why? Just do the exercises, eat varied and nutrient diet and get enough sleep. why do they hard to do? Because they are not an one-week work ,you should stick to do them for a long time .No matter how many setbacks you will encounter ,as long as you insist you can succeed .Anyway if you write down your reasons for making the changes and read them everyday ,maybe it will become easier. 【学习探究】 I. Listen to Dialogue 1 (Page 14)and finish the following exercise. Answer questions 1) Which illness do we still have today? 2) Why is it we don‘t get scurvy and rickets today? 3) Who got these illnesses and why? ?. Let’s listen to Dialogue 2 and see how the story went on. Go through the text quickly on page 14. What‘s the main idea of the Dialogue? ?. Listen to the tape for listening (page 48) and finish the following exercise. 1. Listen to part 1 and fill in the missing words. 1) I keep ______dizzy and I get tired very easily. 2) Oh, dear! You look ______ thin to me. 3) It ______ that you are not eating enough 4) Your ______is not giving you enough energy, and if you this way you‘ll become ill. 2. Listen to part 2 and list different kinds of food. Red Food: Orange Food: Green Food: 【自我测评】 In the reading task we have read two speakers‘ arguments. Now it is your turn to discuss in groups of four. Two of you argue for keeping slim and two against. The following sentences are useful to you. I don‘t agree. That‘s a good idea. I‘m afraid not. Certainly/ Sure. Of course not. All right. I don‘t think so. No problem. Yes, I think so. Part Four Writing 【学海导航】 I. Words and phrases about health (关于健康的词汇和短语) keep fit lose weight good habit comfortable maintain good health relax affect one‘s health regular physical exercises benefit one's health instead of II. Learn the following useful sentences for writing(学习一些有用的写作句子). There're many ways to keep healthy. First of all, … Second,…Finally,… We should have a balanced diet. Some food gives us fast energy, such as… We can/could/should/ought to… In order to stay healthy,… I suggest we (should) … if we want to be in good shape. Never should we… which does great harm to our health. We had better … so as to keep fit. Make sure to… so that we can build up our body. To begin with,… What‘s more,… Besides,…Last but not least,… III. Translation 1.每天做运动是保持健康的一种好方法。 ____________________________________________is a good way to keep fit. 2.如果你想保持健康，丢掉坏习惯是一个不错的主意。 It would be a good idea to _________________________________________ if you want to stay healthy. 3.保持工作和生活平衡无疑是非常重要。 It is no doubt of great importance to 4.我们是否能保持健康取决于我们的饮食是否平衡。 Whether we ___________________________________________________ depends on whether we 【学习探究】 1. 基础写作 一家叫 People‘s Health Paper 的报纸来信约你撰写一篇有关健康的文章准备刊登在该报纸 上, 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 可以涉及健康与饮食习惯、食品、生活习惯的关系等。请你以―How to Keep You Healthy‖为题写一篇英语短文。注意:可以自由发挥，但是主题要鲜明，条理要清晰。字数 在100左右。 How to Keep You Healthy 2. 任务型写作 阅读下面短文，然后按照要求写一篇120字的英语短文。 Plastic bags have found their way into a wider area of everyday life. They are applied in big super markets, ordinary shops, small stores and street markets. People put in plastic bags everything they buy. They needn‘t worry about how to carry the goods and longer. The plastic bangs are cheap and sometimes even offered free of charge. Therefore, it is very convenient(方便的) for the customers to use plastic bags in everyday life. However, a recent report shows in a certain medium-sized college with about 15,000 students, about 10,000 plastic bags are used at each meal. It is because most of them don‘t have meals with trays(托盘) or bowls, but carry the food to their dormitories(宿舍) or classrooms with plastic bags. And soon, these bags will be thrown into dustbins. 1. 概括短文的内容要点，该部分的词数大约是30。 2. 就―该不该用塑料袋‖发表自己的看法，至少包含以下内容要点，该部分词数大约90-120: a.简述你生活中遇到的此类现象。 b.你是怎样看待这一现象的,为什么, c.你的建议。 3. 参考词汇:降解，分解degrade 4. [写作要求] 你可以使用实例或其他论述方法支持你的论点， 也可以参照阅读材料的内容， 但不要 照抄阅读材料中的句子。 Part Five Unit Test (时间:45分钟 满分:100分) I. 单词拼写(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分) 1. To succeed, we must _________________(结合) talent with working hard. 2. He has been working for a long time, but he is still full of e_____________. 3. The boy lifted the stone with all his ____________(力量). 4. You should do some r______________ before making the final decision. 5. ―You did a bad job!‖ She _____________(叹息). 6. She is not s_____________ enough to wear these tight trousers. 7. Children are always full of c____________; they want to know everything. 8. What will happen if you do not eat a b_____________ diet? 9. We need both competition and _________________(合作). 10. Please find out the foods that give fibre for ______________(消化) and health. II.完成句子(共5小题;每小题3分，满分15分) 1.我宁愿步行也不愿乘公共汽车。 I prefer to walk __________ ___________ ____________ a bus. 2.汤姆曾经靠送牛奶谋生。 Tom used to ___________ __________ __________ _________ delivering milk. 3.他们昨天把旧报纸扔掉了。 They ________ _________ the old newspapers yesterday. 4.她欠我50块钱。 She __________ __________ __________ to me for 50 Yuan . 5.他从劳动中收益非浅。 He __________ a lot __________ working. III. 语法与词汇(共10小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 1. —__________I return the dictionary within three days? —No, you ________.You _______keep it for five days. A. May; needn't; will B. Can; mustn't; would C. Must; don't have to; can D. Shall; can't; should 2. Sir, you ______ be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only. A. oughtn‘t to B. may not C. won‘t D. needn‘t 3. She is already two hours late. What _______to her? A. can have happened B. must have happened C. should have happened D. must happen 4. Mary _______ the job he offered to her, but she didn‘t. A. can‘t take B. ought to have taken C. should take D. must have taken 5. He sat at the desk, ________ a novel. A. read B. to read C. reading D. reads 6. If you cheat in the exam, you could hardly _______ it. A. throw away B. get away C. get away from D. get away with 7. I know he hasn‘t finished the work, but _______, he has done his best. A. at all B. in all C. after all D. above all 8. Which food is called _______ food, milk, sugar or beans? A. energy-given B. body-building C. energetic D. protection 9. – How well did John do in the match? --Wonderful. I think we can‘t have a ______ player in our football team. A. good B. well C. better D. best 10. I‘m really tired _______ Tom. He had me _______ for two hours in the rain. A. of, waiting B. with; wait C. of; waited D. with; waited 11. The old machine is ________. A. of useless B. of not use C. no use D. of no use 12. She ________ down her book and _______ in bed. A. lay; laid B. laid; lay C. lay; lay D. laid; laid 13. No potatoes for me—I‘m _______ a diet. A. at B. in C. on D. with 14. The speed of cars and trucks is _______ 30 kilometers per hour in large cities in China. A. limited B. limiting C. limiting to D. limited to 15. Smoking is a bad habit. You should _______ it. A. throw away B. get away with C. get rid of D. throw IV. 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1分，满分20分) Everyone needs water and a diet 1 healthy foods. These foods should 2 some fat, some fiber, a little salt and so on. People need energy to live. They eat all kinds of foods 3 change into energy. Our bodies use different 4 of energy. The energy is measured in calories(卡路里). The more 5 we take, the more calories we burn. Even when you are 6 , you are using energy---about 65 calories an hour. While you are at school, or walking home, your body is 7 up 100 calories an hour. When playing football or basketball, you might be using 400 calories an hour. On 8 Day, during the relay race, you will use most of all, perhaps as 9 as 650 calories an hour. The Chinese diet is considered to be the healthiest in the world. It contains a lot of fruit and green vegetables. It is 10 in fiber and low in sugar and fat. The Chinese eat less sugar than many 11 countries in the world. That is 12 lots of people in China have white teeth. People in the western world do not eat 13 healthy foods. They eat too much fat and sugar and don‘t take 14 exercise. Because of this, they 15 very easily. In order to 16 with the quick pace(步伐) of their life and work, they eat a lot of fast food. They eat a lot of sweets, soft drinks, potato crisps, chocolate, butter and ice cream and so on, 17 are called 18 food by some epicureans(美食家). The result is that many of them become fat. In order to avoid 19__ fat and 20 it is advisable(明智的) to eat a balanced diet and not eat too many foods that have a high calorie rating. 1. A. above B. of C. at D. over 2. A. include B. hold C. contain D. make up 3. A. which B. what C. where D. it 4. A. numbers B. amounts C. plenty D. deal 5. A. exercise B. exercises C. sport D. game 6. A. sleepy B. running C. working D. asleep 7. A. running B. adding C. burning D. wasting 8. A. Children B. Work C. Sports D. Sport 9. A. much B. many C. few D. little 10. A. poor B. low C. rich D. plenty 11. A. more B. other C. rest D. others 12. A. why B. because C. because of D. since 13. A. so B. very C. much D. such 14. A. a number of B. too much C. masses of D. enough 15. A. lose weight B. put on weight C. die D. stay healthy 16. A. keep up B. carry on C. keep on D. go on 17. A. as B. these C. which D. they 18. A. bad B. diseased C. healthy D. junk 19. A. to get B. becoming C. to become D. get 20. A. keep thin B. keep fit C. stay calm D. fall ill V. 阅读理解(共10小题;每小题2分，满分20分) A People have strange ideas about food. For example, tomato is a kind of very delicious vegetable. It is one of useful plants that can be prepared in many ways. It has rich nutrition(营养) and vitamin in it. But in the 18th century, Americans never ate tomatoes. They grew them in their gardens because tomato plants are so pretty. But they thought the vegetable was poisonous(有毒 的). They called tomatoes ―poison apples‖. President Thomas Jefferson, however, knew that tomatoes were good to eat. He was a learned man. He had been to Paris, where he learned to love the taste of tomatoes. He grew many kinds of tomatoes in his garden. The President taught his cook a way for a cream of tomato soup. This beautiful pink soup was served at the President party. The guests thought the soup tasted really good. They never thought their president would serve his honored guests ―poison apples‖. Jefferson never spoke to his honored guests about the fact. 1. Tomato is a kind of ___________. A. poisonous fruit B. poisonous vegetable C. tasty fruit D. tasty vegetable 2. After you read the passage, which of the following do you think is true? A. Americans never ate tomatoes after they began to plant them. B. Americans didn‘t eat tomatoes before 19th century. C. Even now Americans don‘t eat tomatoes. D. In the 18th century Americans ate a lot of tomatoes. 3. Jefferson learned that tomatoes were good to eat ____. A. while he was in Paris B. when he was a little boy C. because his parents told him so D. from books 4. From the passage we know all the honored guests invited by Jefferson were____. A. people from other countries B. from France C. people of his own country D. men only 5. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT TRUE? A. None of the guests knew the soup that was served at the President‘s party was made of tomatoes. B. All of the guests thought the soup which was prepared by the President‘s cook was nice. C. President Thomas Jefferson knew that tomatoes were good to eat and not poisonous at all. D. All of the guests didn‘t know that their president would serve his honored guests ―poison apples‖. B Good health is the most valuable thing a person can have, but one cannot take good health for granted. It is important to remember that the body needs proper care in order to be healthy. There are three things that a person can do to help stay in good shape: eat right food ,get enough sleep, and exercise regularly. Proper nutrition (营养) is important for good health. Your body cannot work well unless it receives the proper kind of ―fuel‖(燃料).Don't eat too much food with lots of sugar and fat. Eat plenty of foods high in protein (蛋白质) ,like meat, fish, eggs and nuts. Vegetables and fruits are very important because they provide necessary vitamins (维他命) and minerals. However, don't overeat. It is not helpful to be overweight. Getting the proper amount of sleep is also important. If you don't get enough sleep, you feel tired and easily get angry. You have no energy. Over a long period of time a little amount of sleep may even result in a change of personality (人的个性).Be sure to allow yourself from seven to nine hours of sleep each night. If you do, your body will feel strong and refreshed, and your mind will be sharp. Finally, get plenty of exercise. Exercise firms the body, strengthens the muscles, and prevents you from gaining weight. It also improves your heart and lungs. If you follow a regular exercise program, you will probably increase your life-span (寿命).Any kind of exercise is good. Most sports are excellent for keeping the body in good shapes: basketball, swimming, bicycling, running and so on are good examples. Sports are not only good for your body, but they are enjoyable and interesting, too. If everybody were to eat the right foods, get plenty of sleep and exercise regularly, the world would be a happier and healthier place. We would all live to be much older and wiser. 6. According to the passage, _________. A .we should always keep fit B. if we were healthy, we could spend our days in doing things with less sleep C. one can eat a lot to stay in good shape D. one needn't take any exercise if he is healthy 7. In order to keep good health, ___________. A. we should eat a lot of sweets B. one needs a large amount of fat C. people should eat according to the food nutrition D. we must try to sleep now and then 8. Eating more and sleeping less________. A. can keep healthy B. is no good for you C. gets you more energy D. will keep your personality 9. The writer explains ________in this passage. A. how to eat B. the importance of doing exercise C. how to keep healthy D. what to eat 10. The title of the article should be___________. A. Eating and Exercising B. How Vitamins Work in Man's Body C. Staying Healthy D. Sleeping Well VI. 阅读表达(共5小题;每小题4分，满分20分) Hi, there! I‘m Crystal Collins, and I‘m very happy to share some time with you. So, you want to keep fit, huh? Well, you surely came to the right place. Together we can keep fit and healthy, and succeed in doing that. It‘s easy. Everybody can do it, you hear? Just remember the five golden rules. Number one- Always wear comfortable clothes when you are exercising. You need to feel comfortable and relaxed. Number two- To get your body ready for the real thing, you should always do some warming up exercises first. Number three- Never try to do too much exercise too soon. Take it nice and easy now, you hear? There‘s about this. Number four- Don‘t forget to relax for about five minutes when you‘ve finished your exercise. You need to rest a little bit after you‘ve been exercising. And here is golden rule number five. Stop at once if you feel any pain in your neck, head or any part of your body. 1. What is the best title for this passage? (Please answer within 10 words) ________________________________________________________________________ 2. What does ―Take it nice and easy "mean? (Please answer within 10 words) ________________________________________________________________________ 3. Fill in the blank with proper words. (Please answer within 10 words) ________________________________________________________________________ 4. Which sentence can be replaced by the following? You should have a break for a while after the exercise. ________________________________________________________________________ 5. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese. ________________________________________________________________________